KHOA HOC UNG DUN( DAC THU CUA MON HOC KIEN TRUC TRONG TRirOfNG DAI HOC • TS KTS ht TRQNG PHU (*) T 6 M TAT Mgc tiiu bdi viit nhdm trang bi cho sinh viin cd quan niim dung ve phuang phdp hpc tgp mdn ki[.]
KHOA HOC - UNG DUN( DAC THU CUA MON HOC KIEN TRUC TRONG TRirOfNG DAI HOC • TS KTS ht TRQNG PHU (*) T6M TAT Mgc tiiu bdi viit nhdm trang bi cho sinh viin cd quan niim dung ve phuang phdp hpc tgp mdn kiin true, tir giai dogn tiep thu phdn ly thuyit den ieng dung ly thuyet vdo thu-c tiin - thdng qua viic ldm bdi tap ldn vd ldm dd dn mdn hpc Long ghep vdi y niem dd, tdc gid mudn chia se nhirng khd khdn cua sinh vien, cung nhu khai dgy tinh ndng ddng bdn ndng cua hp, hy vpng kich thich nhu cdu ham hpc hdi vd cdu tiin cua thi hi tre ~ hinh mdu ngudi thdnh dgt - chu nhdn tuang lai eua ddt nudc Tie khod: dgc thit, dgi hpc, kiin true, mdn hpe SUMMARY The article aim is to equip students with the right concept of architecture learning approaches from the period of collecting theory to theory application into practice through main assignments and subject projects Integrating with the idea, the author wants to share the difficulties of students, as well as arouse their dynamic instincts with the hope to stimulate demand for the desire to learn and make progress of the young generation - successful human models the future owners of the country Key words: particular, universities, architecture, subjects Dat van de Ngdnh Kidn true tu ldu da trd thdnh mpt ngdnh hdp ddn ddi vdi sinh vidn vd Id mon hpc quan trpng cua sinh vien ngdnh xay dung Khong chi cung cdp kidn thuc tong qudt vd thidt kd, md ngdnh Kidn true edn eung edp cho nhung ngudi dam me nhiing edng cu giup cho vipc thyc hidn nhirng cong trinh, du dn duge an todn va ddm bdo vd tinh tham my Sinh vidn xdy dyng hgc mon kien true eiing can phdi chu y, nhat Id phdi ke ddn trinh ty eua edc mon hpc phdi dung, nham bd trg cho vide hge eae mdn tidp sau dugc tot nhdt Tinh trinh ty cua cdc mdn hpc phai dugc dam bdo Mdn Hinh hpc hpa hinh: Ngay tu nam thd nhat, sinh vien ede nganh ky thuat da phdl hpc mon Hinh hgc hpa hinh Myc H Kmh te C n g r W ? p Long An tidu cua mon hgc nham trang bi cho hp nhiing khdi niem ea ban ve nhung phan tu tgo nen vdt the la didm —> dudng thdng —»• mat phdng khdng gian Theo dd, dd didn dat hinh khdi bang cdc phep chidu phoi cdnh: phdi cdnh tryc do, phdi cdnh cac diem ty, - Ke tiep la hpc mdn Ve ky thugt Thdng qua mdn hpc, sinh vidn tidp can gan han nhung cong cy de nhgn bidt mgt eong trinh ky thuat O mon hge nay, hp ciing duac trang bi nhung khdi nidm ve diem, dudng thang, mat phang, nhung d khong gian hpp hon la moi trudng phang vd khdng gian hiiu hgn Cdc mdi trudng dugc chieu ldn nhiing mat phang quy udc chung gpi la hinh chidu, bao gom ede hinh chieu bang, hinh chidu dung vd hinh chieu cgnh Han PAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGI KHOA HOC-UNG DUNC nua, dd hinh dung ro vat the cdn phdi bd sung hinh chidu phoi cdnh, nham nhan biet chiing mpt each thau ddo han Ridng vd dudng thang, mon hge quy udc sau han ve eae logi hinh vd kich thudc dudng net d6 la ede dudng thang, dudng ddng kich thudc, dudng cong Dudng cong phai xdc dinh tdm vd kich thudc bdn kinh cy the Cdc net ve co bdn dugc quy dinh hinh ddng vd kieh thudc ddy cua chung, dd la: net thdy net cdt, net khudt, net eua dudng ddng kich thudc Vi dy; net dudng ddng kieh thude la 0,1 mm, net thdy ddy 0,2 - 0,25 mm; net eat ddy 0,3 - 0,5 mm, trudng hop cdc chi tiet co ti Id ldn den 1/10 - 1/5 thi chieu day net eat cd thd ldy tdi 0,7 mm; v.v Yeu cdu sinh vidn phdi nam dugc nhiing kidn thue ca ban nhat dd chuydn sang cdc mon hge khac Kdt qud hgc tap tot, tgo dd cho vide hgc tap nhiing mon hpc tiep theo - Mdn Kidn true dan dyng Mon hpc thudng dugc bd tri vao hpc ky IV, tuc Id sau dd hodn thdnh mon Hinh hpc hpa hinh va Ve ky thugt vua trinh bdy d trdn - Mon Kien true cong nghidp Trang bi cho sinh vidn nhiing kidn thuc vd quy hoach vd thiet kd kidn tnic nha sdn xudt td tdng the ddn chi tiet: Khu eong nghidp -^ Nhd mdy —> Xudng sdn xudt, Qua do, sinh vidn da co nhiing khai niem co ban vd kidn true cdng trinh, dk hge tap thudn lgi han nhiing mdn ehu chdt tidp theo cua nganh minh theo hpc Id: - Mon Kdt edu cong trinh: Kdt cdu gd, ggch da, bd tdng cdt thep, kdt edu thep, - Mon cong nghe ky thudt xdy dyng cong trinh Nhu vdy, dd hgc mon kien true phdi sii dung nhidu cde dudng net, hinh chidu, sinh vidn dd dugc trdi qua mdn Ve ky thugt, hodc tudng tugng vd khong gian, dugc hpc mon Hinh hpe hga hinh Kd dd, sinh vidn hgc cdc mdn kdt cdu cong trinh phdi dgng chgm nhidu ddn cde bg phdn cau tgo ciia ngoi nhd nhu mong, cpt, da, san, mdi, sinh vidn da dugc trang hi kidn thuc qua mdn Nguyen Iy thidt kd kidn tnic, Tdm lgi, viee sdp xep cdc mon hpc theo ehuang trinh tong thd cho sinh vien ngdnh xdy dyng da ddm bdo tinh logic tien trinh Tinh dac trirng cua nganh hpc Kien true Kien triic vua mang tinh nghi thugt vd ky thudt vipe id ehuc thi cdng tgo dung cdng trinh Mpt tdc pham kidn true la san pham ciia kien tnic su, dd la ket qud sdng tgo cung gidng nhu cde tdc phdm sdng tdc nghd thudt khdc: hpi hpa, didu khdc, van hgc, tho ca, dm nhgc, tac gid da thdi hon eho cdc tdc pham dd cd siic sdng vd ton tgi voi thdi gian TS KTS Le Trpng Phii (Anh tdc gid cung cdp) Nd ciing Id logi hinh van hda vat thd, ham chua ydu to ky thugt vipc tgo ddng edc hinh khdi - khdng gian ddng bp KHOA HOC - i NC DUNG vdi qua trinh tinh todn kdt cdu, td chdc thi eong dd hinh cdng trinh cd thd sd md dugc, chidm ngudng vd hudng thy nd thdng qua qud trinh su dung Kien true phdn dnh tinh ddn tde vd tdn gido Tinh d a n t$c Cd 54 dan tgc chung song tren todn lanh thd thi cung cd nhieu khdng gian cu tru vd sinh hoat theo nhiing tap tyc ridng; Vi dy ngudi Thai, Tay, Nung thugc mien mii phia Bdc d nhd sdn cdc bdn Idng Cde ddn tgc Tdy Nguydn cd Nhd Rong, ngudi Bana sinh sdng nhd sdn d nhung ngdi ldng truydn thong Nhd d ndng thon Ddng bang Bdc bg la tudng xdy ggch, mdi lgp ngoi, Tinh tdn giao Kidn triic cua dgo Phat cd chua; Thien chua giao co nhd thd; chua thdp cua dgo Hdi, Kiin true phdi ddm bdo thieh nghi vdi mdi trudng tg: nhiin Cdc vung hdu khdc dan den cdc gidi phdp kien true ciing khde xu Ignh, tudng, mdi phdi day, eua luon luon ddng kin dd chdng Ignh Cdn d vung nhiet ddi, nha phdi thoang vd nhidu cua sd hogc Id thoang dd tan dung thdng gid, chidu sdng ty nhien tot, Kien true ludn dap icng nhicng ddi hdi cua tiin bp ky thudt vd cdng nghe mdi Khoa hgc phdt tridn da md nhung tidn bp ky thudt vd hinh thdnh nhung cdng nghp mdi Cdc gidi phdp kdt cau mdi: day treo, day edng, vo mdng, khung khdng gian khdu dp ldn, Kdt hgp vdi quy trinh ung dyng vdt lieu mdi nhu hgp kim, nano, ed tinh nang vugt trgi: sieu mdng, sidu nhe, sidu bdn, gop phdn ldm thay ddi dien mgo kidn true hodnh trang hon, hien dgi hon Nhirng yeu cdu npi d u n g mon hpc ki^n t r u e doi vdi sinh vien xay d y n g Bao gom phan; u Phdn Ly thuyit c d u tnic ngi dung Gom nguydn ly thiet kd kidn tnic vd nguydn ly thidt kd cau tgo + Nguydn ly thidt kd kidn tnic trinh bay nhiing Iy thuydt ca ban nhat thidt kd kidn tnic nhd d va kien tnic nhd cong cpng Ndi mgt each khdc la, td chuc nhirng khong gian su dyng nhidu Iinh vuc khde (d, lam vide, hpc tap, gidi tri, giao tidp, sue khde, ) + Nguydn ly thidt ke cdu tgo Nghidn ciiu nhiem vu, vi tri, vd ydu eau edu tao eua eae phdn tao ndn ngdi nhd tu tung ehi tidt; mong, cot, tudng, ndn sdn, cua, mdi, ddn viee lien ket chung lai mgt cdch tong the de tao nen mpt ngoi nhd / hodc cdng trinh b Phdn dn mdn hpc Myc dich cua ldm an Id tgo cho sinh vidn bidt each trinh bay nhung kdt qud tidp nhdn phan ly thuyet nhiing gidi han ngi dung nhdt dinh - Be dn; Doi vdi nganh xay dung khdng ydu cau sinh vien phdi to chuc eac khong gian phuc tap nhu nhd thi ddu, nha ga hang khong, trung tam hgi chg tridn lam Ngugc lai, gido vien chi cdc loai de rat gdn gui vdi sinh vien nhu trudng hpe, nhd d, buu didn qudn, Nhung logi cdng trinh sinh vidn dugc tidp can hdng ngdy va nhieu ndm da tung ngoi tren ghe trudng hge phd thdng, dd, hp c6 the tham quan vd hieu ky vd nd bdt ky Iuc nao Gido vidn cho san mdi sinh vidn mgt so mat bang, sinh vidn chi viec sdp xdp nhung thdnh phdn chuc ndng phu hgp vdi didn tich vd cdng nang sii dung cua cdc phdng dd cho d de bdi Sau nhgn dd dn, sinh vien nghien ciiu truoc mgt tuan Id, tuan tiep theo, gido vien giang dd chung trdn ldp Cu moi tuan sinh vidn dem bdi den ldp, gido vidn FAP CHi KINH TE - CONG NGHIE KHOA HOC - UNG DUNG phy dao, sua, udn nan nhiing sai lech hom nay, de tudn kd tiep, sinh vidn cd nhung ket qua tot hon - Phuang phdp ldm an Phuang phdp la cdeh thue trinh bdy nhung hidu bidt npi dung dn eua minh Cdch trinh bdy kien thuc cua sinh vidn xdy dyng khong phdi la cac trang vidt nhu cdc mdn khoa hgc xa hgi - nhan vdn, nd cd ngdn ngii rieng, Id cac bdn ve Hay ndi mgt cdch khac, ban ve la ngdn ngii eua nhiing ngudi Idm ky thuat Be xdy dyng mgt ban ve, ngudi ta su dung cdc phuang phdp c6 the ve tay, hogc ve bang mdy + Ve bang tay Myc dich cua ve bang tay Id chuydn tu tu tniu tugng sang thao tdc cy thd bang sii dyng cae cong cy: but chi, but mye, thudc T, d ke, + Ve bang mdy Myc dich ve bang mdy ciing tuang tu Id chuydn tu tu tniu tugng sang hinh dung cy the bdng su dung computer qua cdc phdn mdm tidn ich AutoCad So sdnh cdeh the hidn ban ve cd thd nhdn thay mdi each ddu cd ve nhiing Igi the ridng eua minh; ^ Ve bang tay: net ve phong khodng han, uydn chuyen han, cd hdn vd hoc lg ro tinh cdch cua ngudi ve + Ve may; toe dp ve nhanh hon ve bdng tay Vi du, cung la dan vi thdi gian nhu nhau, thi khoi lugng sdn phdm ve bdng mdy CO the cho hon nhidu ehuc ldn so vdi ve bang tay Han nua, ehinh xac eua ve bang mdy rat eao Chiing ta dang d thdi dai edng nghd thdng tin thi, tdc vd chinh xac cao Id nhung ydu td quyet dinh, chi phoi ldn ddn hieu qua kinh td Do vdy, su dyng thgo thidt bi cong nghe eao la didu kien cdn va du nham ddp ung su canh tranh quydt liet eua ndn kinh td thi trudng Cung phdi nhdn mgnh: mdi mdn hgc CO nhung chuc nang vd ydu cau rieng chdng hgn mon toan, hogc co ket cau, siic bdn vdt lipu, c6 rdt nhidu cong thuc ddi hoi phdi cd ky nang tinh todn tot, suy ludn logic Doi vdi mdn Nguyen ly thidt kd kidn tnic khdng cd nhung cdng thiic tinh todn khd vd phue tgp Tuy nhidn, no cd nhung dgc thu cua mdn hgc: ddi hdi cd 6e tudng tugng, tu mgch lgc ve khong gian Tu dd chuydn tdi nhiing thdng tm vdo cdc dudng net, hinh khoi, khong gian, chua dyng nhung y tudng sdng tgo Nhidu thd he sinh vien kien tnic da tung bgc bgch nhiing cam xuc cua minh: lam dn kien tnic eung met Idm, chuydn thiic trang ddm cii nhu com biia Bu Igi, sang hom sau di nop bdi, nhin dn qud lao dgng eua minh c6 hon, chat chua day dp khong gian sdng tgo, cd cd tinh ridng tu, Igi cdng khich Id tinh than hgc tap vd dam me sdng tao nghp thugt nhieu han Do Id nhiing chuydn cua sinh vidn ngdnh kien tnic Nhung ky nang can chii y Tuy vay, ddi vdi sinh vien xdy dung hgc mdn Kidn true ciing ed nhiing thugn lgi hogc kho khan nhdt dinh Nhiing khd khan + Khi ve bdng tay: * Su dyng cdc dung ey ve: biit chi hogc biit kim, thudc, d ke lung tung, khdng thgo * Khong phan biet dugc nhung quy dinh ve kich thudc, hinh ddng cde logi dudng, net ve * Vidt chu va sd ky thugt rdt kho dpp, ndu nhu khdng noi la net chii qud xau (hdu qua tu nhung nam hoc phd thdng khdng dugc ren vd sgeh chu dep) + Khi ve bdng mdy: TAP CHI KINH TE-CONG r ^ KHOA HOC-UNG DUM Sdnh chinh trudng DH KTCN LA * Khong phdn bidt dugc dau la net thdy, cho ndo su dyng net cdt Nhung thugn Igi ddi vdi; * Nhiing sinh vien c6 ket qud hgc tap tdt eua mon Ve ky thuat hogc mdn Hinh hgc hpa hinh * Nhiing sinh vien bidt ldng nghe vd tidp thu nhiing chi ddn, gidng giai eua gido vien trdn Idp tu tidt dau vd xuyen sudt qud trinh hgc mon hgc * Nhung sinh vien c6 khd nang khai thac cde kien thiic trdn mang, suu tdm, hogc hgc tap kinh nghidm tu cde eong ty tu van thiet kd - xdy dung, Ngugc lai, nhung sinh vidn khdng cd du pham chat vua neu se khd trdnh khoi nhiing kdt qua hge tap ngodi mong mudn Noi tdm lgi, du ve tay hoac ve bang may eung ddu phdi trinh bdy dugc nhung kidn thuc, tuc Id hidu bidt cua sinh vidn Ndu sinh vien hidu dung ngi dung nguyen ly thi chdng cd gi phdi ban Nhung ngugc lgi, sinh vidn hidu sai (chua thupc bai), vdy khong hidu ban chat ngi dung ehi tidt minh dinh ve thi ve se sai Vi dy ehi tidt kidn tnic hoac chi tidt kdt edu la net cdt nhung ve Id net thay thi sai hodn todn, didu d6 chdng td sy thieu hidu bidt cua ngudi hpc Ket luan Chot Igi ngi dung bdi viet, tac gid (I) thyc su cam xiic mgnh trudc dong chu ldn: • HIEN TAI LA NGUYEN KHI QUOC GIA dgi sdnh ciia Trudng Dgi hpc Kinh td Cdng nghiep Long An (2) Danh ngon ay van cdn vang vpng mai den vd cho muon ddi chau mai sau Quoc Tli Gidm la trudng dai hgc dau tien cua dat nudc (3), xdy dyng nam 1070 hodn thdnh nam 1076 da dao tgo bidt bao nhdn tdi, bac hidn tridt, tidn sT, danh nhdn ddy tdi hoa ciia cac thd he Cli noi tidp the he, cdng ldm rgng danh cho nudc nha Cd thd hieu mpt cdch sdu xa: Quoc gia thinh cdn phdi eo nhung hidn tdi —> Hidn tdi, dd nhdn tdi —> Mudn trd thdnh nhan tdi, khdng cd sy lya ehgn ndo khde ngoai vide ren luyen hpc tap vd thuc hdnh tu nhung khdi niem dan gidn nhdt —• ddn nhung tinh hudng phuc tgp vd kho khdn hon nhidu Triet ly ay hoan todn phu hgp vdi quan diem cua UNESCO (4) cho mpt qudc gia bat ky muon phat trien bdn viing: Nang cao ddn tri, boi dirdng nhdn tdi, phdt trien nguon nhdn lire Nguon nhan luc ed ham lugng cong nghd eao chinh la nhung mdm non dugc uom trdng hom nay, tu mai trudng Trong tuang lai, Trudng Dgi hpc Kinh te Cdng nghidp Long An md thdm dao tao he eao dang hogc dgi hgc ngdnh Kien tnic diing voi ehuc nang dao tgo hien KHOA KIEN TRUC-XAY DT/NG thi ca hgi giao luu hgc tap va trau doi kidn thiie giiia sinh vidn kien true va smh vidn xay dung dugc day mgnh, se md tiem nang Idn bo sung cho sy nghiep ngudi phii hgp xu the phdt trien ben viing todn xa hpi TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP KHOA HOC-UNG DUNG Tdi li^u tham khdo [1] Nguyin Thang Vu (Chu bien), KTS Nguyen Luan, Nguyin Huy Thing, Vo Hang Nga (2012), Tu sdch hu&ng nghiep Nhdt nghe tinh Nghi Kiin true, NXB Kim D6ng [2] Phan Tan Tai, Vo Sinh Diep, Cao Xuan Lurang (2008), Nguyen ly thiit ki vd cdu tqo cdng trinh kien true, NXB Xay dung [3] Thong tu 06/2013/TT-BXD Hu&ng dan ve ndi dung thiet ke thi Ngay nhan: 18/02/2014 Ngay duy|t dang; 12/4/2014 iBBnaiansBBisD ... nhan luc ed ham lugng cong nghd eao chinh la nhung mdm non dugc uom trdng hom nay, tu mai trudng Trong tuang lai, Trudng Dgi hpc Kinh te Cdng nghidp Long An md thdm dao tao he eao dang hogc dgi