NGHIEN CU U TRAO DOI MINH TRIET HO CHI MINH VE GIAO DUC VAO S\J QUAN TRIET CONG CUOC DOI Mdl HIEN NAY • PGS TS BANG QUOC BAO (*) • PGS TS NGUYEN KHAC HUNG (**) T6M TAT Minh triet Id tinh sdng khdn thi[.]
NGHIEN CU U - TRAO DOI MINH TRIET HO CHI MINH VE GIAO DUC VAO S\J QUAN TRIET CONG CUOC DOI Mdl HIEN NAY • PGS-TS BANG QUOC BAO (*) • PGS-TS NGUYEN K H A C HUNG (**) T M TAT Minh triet Id tinh sdng khdn thien vi dien ngdn thodng gpn, chd yeu dupe sdng vd song d binh dien dgo ly ddi thudng vgy khdng xa lg vdi dgo ly thdnh hien, thien vi cdm hoa long ngudi han Id qud trdch thdi ddi Tu- khoa: Minh triet, gido due, ddn tdc Ho Chi Minh, Mdc- Lenin SUMMARY Wisdom is the wise brightness in favor of brief open language expression, mainly at the level of moral standards of normal life; however, it is not strange to the sage's moral code, prone to converting human hearts rather than blaming bad living ways Key words: wisdom, education, ethnic Ho Chi Minh, Marx-Lenin (Dang tiip s6 01) Ngudi xac dinh each t6 chuc dao tao cua nha truong Viet Nam: '*Hpc di doi vol lao dong Ly luan di vd'i thuc hanh Can cii di vd'i tiet kiem" (TT, T9 tr 295) Ho Chi Minh co vii vi?c xay d\rng "Nha trudng lao dong" song Nguoi de chirng khuynh huang thuc dung viec dao tao Nam 1963 Nguai rat vui nghe bdo cao tuu giao dye ket hgp vai lao dpng san xudt Truang TNLDXHCN Hoa Binh va cac nhi truang t6 chuc day hpc theo guang Trucmg B5c Ly va Trucmg Hoa Binh, song Nguai canh bao "Phai x3y d^ng Trud'ng Ndng chir khong dirge bien nd nong trudfng" (v) Dong luc gido due Ti^n hanh qua trinh su ph^m theo tinh than hop tac dan chu "Thay qu;^ trd - Trd kinh thay" Tirng la ngucfi thSy true tiep tren hue giang Ho Chi Minh thau hiSu duac cai tinh ik Iam nen chat lupng giao due, day hpc Do la sy ddng long, dflng thuan cua thSy tro theo phuang cham "Th^y sieng day - Trd sieng hoc" c6 quyet tam chuyen tir su pham quyen uy sang su pham cua tinh dan chu cong tac Ho Chi Minh co ldi khuyen: "Trong trudng cdn cd ddn chu Ddi vdi mpi vdn de thdy vd tro ciing thdo lugn, cd y kien gi deu that thd phdt bieu Ddn chu nhung trd phdi kinh thdy, thay phdi quy tro, chu khdng phdi cd ddi bang ddu" (TT, T7tr456) Nam 1941 a nuoc ngoai v6 true tiep lanh dao each mang nuoc, Nguyen Ai Quoc coi cong vi6c quan trpng dau tien lii xay dung lap hpc chu cho dong bdo va huan luyen can bO cho each mang cr chien khu Ngucri khuySn nhom giao vien P4c Bo: "Lam th4y thi phai hiiu trd, c^c chu trSn lop ma ci^ thao thao b^t t u y | t chuyin nvo^c v^ t h i gidi O Nguyin KTTnringCBQLGD,aiwyfe g i i CM cap QLGD (»*)Ph6HTTnrtmg{)HicrCNUi thi khong hi€u c&n ke dau Cf d&y gia CO, tre cd ta phai tim n$i dung, phu-ffng phap thich hgp d^y cho thiit thvcdl hiiu".[l] Nguai tham gia true tiSp giang day c/ Qudn triet Minh triet gido due Hd Chi Minh vdo edng cudc ddi mdi hien (i) Duoi su chi dao dan dat cua Ho Chi Minh, sir nghiep giao due dat nuoc Le trao bdng tdt nghiep ndm 2013 va CO each kiem tra kha dpc dao: "Bdc quy dinh mdi hpc vien ngdy phdi hpc thudc mot dogn tha hodc ve dia ly hodc ve ljch su Vdo budi sdng tiep dd mpi ngudi ngdi thdnh vdng trdn de ciing kiem tra ldn dudi su dieu khien cda Bdc Bdc cho mpt ngudi xung phong doe vd ldn luat theo phia tay phdi cua minh dpc phdn nhd cua minh Bdc chdm kit qua a thang diem: Ngudi nhd tdt duac "di mdy bay", trung binh "di d to", ngac ngu "di xe bo" Nhirng ngudi dgt mirc xe bd Bdc nhdc hdm sau phdi cd gdng".[I] H6 Chi Minh danh gia rdt cao vai tro cua nguai thay giao che dp mai, Nguai yeu cau hp phai phan dau la "Sff hinh" (Su hinh nguai thay cao quy) chu khong dupe "Sinh hir" rmm^siMK^mBMr hai cupc khang chien chong Phap, chong My da dat duac nhung tich rye Thanh tuu tao nen ti8n d6 thuan lai cho dpng thai phat trien cupc doi moi giao due hien Tuy nhien chua luc nao nhu luc giao due lai dang g^p nhieu thach thuc phai chiu nhung va dap cua nhi8u he gia tri ca tich cue va tieu cue cua trang thai kinh te: kinh t8 xa hpi chu nghia, kinh te th; truang va kinh t% tri thuc Nhin chung cac chinh sach giao due da va dang thuc hien ve co ban quan triet dupe lai day cua Bac Tuy nhien co nai, CO luc viec nhan thuc va trien khai y tucmg cua Bac, co thieu sot chua tham nhuan phuang cham hanh dong "DT bat bien - U'ng van bien" t^SBEOBBSm "DT bdt biSn" chinh la nhiing dieu da de cap a tren ve ducmg loi giao due, muc tieu giao due, npi dung phuang phap giao due, dpng luc giao due, to chiic giao due, ma H Chi Minh da dS ifng van bi6n la su kheo leo van dung vao thuc tiln cu th6 Ho Chi Minh CO lai khuyen: "Chon viec diing ma lam, l^m kheo va diing vi?c da chon" theo Can, Kiem, Liem, Chinh la giao due minh triet v d n de "Can, Kiem, Liem, Chinh" duac Ngudi nhan manh nhi6u ldn sau Chinh nhd noi dung giao due theo tinh than minh triet ma dat nudc co cac the he ngudi Vi^t Nam hoan nhiem vu giai phong dan toe, thuc hien thong nhat non sdng (ii) Sinh thoi Bac Ud khong true ti6p dung tir "Minh triet", "Giao dye minh tri^t", nhung tinh than da dupe Nguai khai gpi cho dan tpc, cho can bp giao dye a nhung thdi diem lich su quan trpng Trong phien hpp dau tien cua Chinh phu Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa 3/9/1945, Nguoi co thong diep: "M6t dan tpc dot la mgt dan t§c y§u" Ngudi chi ra: "Che dp thuc ddn da ddu dpc ddn ta vdi ruau vd thuoc phien No da diing mpi thii dogn nhdm hu • hda ddn tpc chung ta, bdng nhirng thdi xdu, ludi bieng, gian xdo tham vd nhirng thdi xdu khdc Chiing ta cd nhiem vu cdp bdch Id phdl gido due lgi nhdn ddn, chung ta phdi ldm cho ddn tpc chung ta trd nen mpt ddn tpc ddng cdm, yeu nudc, yeu lao dpng, mdt ddn tpc xirng ddng vdi nudc Viet Nam ddc lap" (TT, T4 tr.8) Nguoi de nghi ma chien djch ch6ng nan mu chii va giao due lai tmh thdn nhan dan bang each thirc hien "Cdn, Kiem, Liem, Chinh" Ngay 20/10/1946 di cong tac a Phap ve den Hai Phong, thong qua d6ng bao Hai Phong, Ngudi keu gpi toan thS dat nudc: "Ra sue chong giac dSt, lam cho dan tdc Viet Nam mot dan toe thdng thai" Dan tpc thong thai la dan tpc biet song minh tnet Giao due nhan dan song Ngay "Can, Kiem, Liem, Chinh" cang can thiet han cho viec boi dudng the he tre, co nang Ivrc phdm chdt bao ve To quoc va lam that bai am muu tham hiem cua ke thii, vung budc di vao sir hgi nhap (iii) Ho Chi Minh da neu tam guang sang ve sir ket hap tri thuc va tinh nghia de cd hanh dpng minh tri8t Ngudi trd bac "Dai hien" khong chi ciia dan tpc ma cua ca nhan loai, vi Ngudi thong nhat "Ndi va lam" d ca linh vuc "Tu nhan - Xir the - Dirdng sinh" */ Ci "Nhat ky tu" H6 Chi Minh c6 tuyen ngon va ngudi da thuc hien hai hoa tron ven ba Imh vuc neu tren cupc ddi minh "Due dai su nghiep Tinh th^n cSnh yiu d^i" (Mudn nen sir nghiep ldn, Tinh than can phai cao) ( TT, T3 tr 265) • Ho Chi Minh cd tam sv bai "Thi 16 nan" (Dudng ddi hiem trd) " X u the nguyen lai phi di di Nhi kim xu t h i canh nan n a n " (Xii thi tu xua khong phai dl, Ma xu thi khd khan han) (TT, T3 tr.271) Sir xii the cd tinh nhat quan cua Ho Chi Minh suot cupc ddi la di thiic tinh tam hon ngudi cd quan he vdi ban than minh Ngudi biet dua doi thu ddi tac, dua ddi tac dong minh, dua dong minh dong chi, dua ddng chi tri am tam giao NGIIIEN c o i l - I iiAO B o Ngudi CO ldi day: "Trir bpn Viet gian bdn nudc trir bpn phdt xit, thicc ddn Id nhirng dc quy md ta phdi kien quyet ddnh do, ddi vdi tdt cd nhitng ngudi khdc thi phdi yeu quy kinh trpng giup da Chd ninh hdt ngudi tren, chd coi thudng ngudi dudi, thdi dp phdi chdn thdnh khiem tdn, phdi chdn thdnh dodn kit, phdi hpc ngudi vd giup ngudi tien tdi Phdi thuc hdnh chir "Bdc di"" (TT, T5 tr645) */ H6 Chi Minh keu gpi toan dan tap the due, khuyen the he tre giu gin vd sinh " K h d n g g^p dau vlrt dd, khdng g^p gi an nay, khdng ia bay dii b^y" Ngudi rat quan tam d i n vi§c trdng cay, tao nen my tuc cay dau xuan cho toan dan liic chien tranh gian kho Ngay 13/9/1958 Bac cd ldi keu gpi: "Vi lpi ich mudi nam thi phai trdng cay, vi lai ich tram nam thi phai trdng ngudi" Ngay 1/1/1965, Bac l^i thiic giuc "Nam mdi hay nhiet li6t td chiic tit trdng c&y" vdi ldi md dau: "Mua xudn Id tet trdng cdy Ldm cho ddt nudc cdng ngdy cdng xudn " Trong Di chuc (1969) Ngudi can dan: "Sau tdi dd qua ddi chd nen td chiee dieu phung linh dinh de khoi ldng phi thdi gid vd tien bge eua ddn Tdi yeu cdu thi hdi tdi dupe dot di, tiec Id "hda tdng" Tdi mong rdng cdeh "hda tdng" sau ndy se dupe phd bien Vi nhu the doi vdi ngudi sdng da tdt ve mat ve sinh, lgi khdng tdn ddt ldm rudng ndo cd nhieu dien thi "diin tdng" cdng tdt han" (TT, T I tr.501-502) Quan tri?t Minh triet Hd Chi Minh vao cdng cupc ddi mdi giao due lan phai kien tao duac cac chinh sach tao nSn mdi trudng thuan lpi cho thdy trd cac nha trudng thuc hi$n duoc su Tu than tich diic Xii the han hoi Duong sinh hieu qua, thiic day the he tre dem kha nang gdp phan tich cue ho^n su nghi6p cdng nghi?p hda, hi^n dai hda, day manh cdng cu0c xay dung xa hdi dan chu, day liii tham nhiing bat cdng, viing budc di vao hpi nhap, lam that bai cac &m muu pha hoai ciia ke thii xam pham chu quyen cua dat nudc va cupc sdng binh an cua dan tdc Tdi lieu tham khdo [1] Dang Qudc Bao (2011), Phdt trien gido due dudi dnh sdng tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, NXB Thanh Nien [2] Hoang Ngpc Hiin (2011), Ludn bdn Minh triit & Minh triit Viet, NXB Tri thiic Ha Ndi [3] Nhiiu tac gia (2000), Danh nhdn Hd Chi Minh, NXB Lao Dpng [4] Raja Roy Singh (1994), Nen gido due the ky 21; Nhiing triin vpng chdu ATBD, Vien KHGD [5] Vii Ngpc Khanh (1995), Af/n/i/ri"e'///d C/i/M/n/i, NXB Van hoa Thdng tin [6] Hd Chi Minh todn tap, NXB CTQG H.200 Ngiiy n h | n : 26/7/2013, duyet dang: 07/8/2013 ' CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP Minh triet Uh Chf Minh vi giio d^c Miic tidu gido dye Dao tao the hp tre theo Ngu thudng "Nhan - Nghia - Tri - Dung - Liem" N$i dung gi^o dvpc Thiic hien "The Tri -My - Due" quan triet sir hudng thifn D^ng luc giio di^c Kien tao "Su ph?m hpp tac Thdy quy tro & Trd kinh thdy" ... tinh nhat quan cua Ho Chi Minh suot cupc ddi la di thiic tinh tam hon ngudi cd quan he vdi ban than minh Ngudi biet dua doi thu ddi tac, dua ddi tac dong minh, dua dong minh dong chi, dua ddng... sdng tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, NXB Thanh Nien [2] Hoang Ngpc Hiin (2011), Ludn bdn Minh triit & Minh triit Viet, NXB Tri thiic Ha Ndi [3] Nhiiu tac gia (2000), Danh nhdn Hd Chi Minh, NXB Lao Dpng [4]... Nguai tham gia true tiSp giang day c/ Qudn triet Minh triet gido due Hd Chi Minh vdo edng cudc ddi mdi hien (i) Duoi su chi dao dan dat cua Ho Chi Minh, sir nghiep giao due dat nuoc Le trao bdng