QUAN HE GIITA GIAO DUC PHAP LUAT VA GIAO DUC DAU DUC TRONG CONG TAC GIAO DUC HOC SINH, SINH VIEN O ThS PHAN HONG DUONG* 1 Hidn nay, nhung bieu hien ve suy thodi dqo Idp 8 hqc v l quyen sd hiju tai san[.]
QUAN HE GIITA GIAO DUC PHAP LUAT VA GIAO DUC DAU DUC TRONG CONG TAC GIAO DUC HOC SINH, SINH VIEN O Hidn nay, nhung bieu hien ve suy thodi dqo due, eung nhu tinh trqng vl phqm phdp ludt (PL) cua hqc sinh, sinh vidn (HS, SV) dd gidng Idn hdi chudng bdo dqng cho gia dinh, nhd trudng vd xd hdi Theo so lieu eua 38 Sd GD-DT, h/ ndm 2003 dd'n thdng 12/2009, cd hon 8.000 HS ddnh nhau, bj xu li kl ludt So lieu cua Tdng eye Cdnh sdt (Bq Cdng an) v l trdt tu xd hdi ndm trd Iqi ddy, cd dd'n 47.000 vy phqm phdp hinh sy HS, SV gdy Sdu thdng ddu ndm 2009, tren ed nude xdy 25.508 vy phqm phdp hinh su,.trong sddd tl Id HS, SV chid'm 3,d% (rieng thdng 9/2010, TP Hd Ndi ed tdi dOO trudng hop HS, SV vi phqm Ludt Giao thdng, cd nhCmg trudng hop HS, SV chdng Iqi luc luqng ldm nhidm vy) Qua dd thdy duqc Hnh kqng dqo due, ldi sd'ng eua mdt bd phdn gidi ke hidn cd nhilu bd't dn, Kr thdi hoc tdp, y thue chdp hdnh ndi quy, ki ludt cuo nhd kudng, chdp hdnh PL dd'n nhOng hdnh vi tidu cue kong hqc tdp, thi cu eua HS, SV vd su xdm nhdp cuo ede td nqn xd hdi vdo hqc dudng PL vd dqo 6uc Id phqm ku h/dng chung tdeh rdi, nhung Iqi cd sy thd'ng nhdt; nhidn, su thd'ng nhdt dd ed sy khde bidt, khdng ddng nhdt, khdng thay the vd khdng loqi kir Tinh td't yeu khdch quan, tdm quan trqng cho thd'y edn thiet phdi kit hop chdt ehe gido dye phdp ludt (GDPL) vd gido dye dqo due (GDDD) kong cdng tdc GD cho HS, SV Vi vdy, GD nhdm ndng cao y thuc dqo due vd PL cho mqi thdnh vidn xd hdi, ddc bidt Id HS, SV Id vd'n d l thiet yd'u Chuong kinh GDDD, GDPL cho HS, SV Otieu hgc, moi Kidn HS hqc mdt tilt dqo 6uc HS ldp duqc dqy bdi «Dodn ket vdi thieu nhi qudc te", HS Idp hqc bdi «Tim hieu ve Lien hgp qude" Ldn THCS, vdi 75 bdi hqc Kr Idp dd'n ldp 9, thdi luqng eho mdn GD eong dan cung ehl 26 tiet/ndm, dd, chf ed 12-15 tilt dqo 6\jc (HS Idp hqc v l bg may nha nudc cap co sd, # ThS PHAN HONG DUONG* Idp hqc v l quyen sd hiju tai san, Idp hqc v l quyen tu kinh doanh va nghia vy donq thue, quyen va nghia vy cong dan hon nhan ] O THPT, HS Idp 11 vd 12 khdng cd tilt dqo 6uc ndo Chuong trinh GD cong dan Idp 10 (29 tiet/ndm) rdt ndng n l v l kiln thuc hai phdn triet hgc vd dgo due gdm cdc ndi dung kuu tuqng, hdn ldm: cdc phqm tru dqo 6uc co bdn, khai nidm vd cdc gid trj dqo due; vdt chdt, y thue, tdn tqi xd hdi, y thuc xd hdi, phuong phdp ludn bien chung Chinh dilu ndy ldm HS thidu thu vd hieu qud GD khdng eao Chuang trinh GDDD ndi chung phong phu, rd't nhilu bdi hqc, nhung chua xde djnh rd nhi/ng phdm chd't eo bdn cuo nhdn cdch eon ngudi Viet Nam; cdn ndng v l If thuyet, thidu kT ndng sdng, chua tqo duqc ddu dn kong Idng HS, hinh thdnh nhdn cdch khdng rd net, HS de bj tde ddng eua hodri cdnh xd hdi Ohrung cap chuyen nghiep, CD va DH khdng cd ndi dung GD rieng dqo due cho HS, SV, chi the hidn phdn ndo quo mdn Nhi/ng nguyen li ca ban eua chu nghia Mae - Lenin, Tu tuong Ho Chi Minh, nhidn, ndi dung chua rd net Hoqt dqng GDDD ehu ydu thdng quo ede hoqt ddng ngoqi khda, ede hoqt ddng Dodn, Hdi Chuong trinh GDPL chfnh khda dd gdp phdn quon kqng vide bj cho HS, SV nhung kien thue PL eo bdn, qiup h>ng budc hinh thdnh y ^^c PL, nilm tin PL cho gidi tre Tuy vdy, chuong ^""inh GDPL cung bdc Id nhimg vdn d l cdn xem ^ ^ t "dng I' thuydt vd cdn mong tinh chung chung khdng cy the cho h/ng ddi hrong vd thidu tfnh ng ayng kong thue tien Mo'l quon he giua GDDD va GDPL cho HS, SV Theo M Rodenton: «Dgo due la mgt nhung hinh thai y thue xd hoi, mgt che dinh xa ^P' ^ ^ ^'#" ^/luc ndng dieu ehinh hanh vi cua * HQC vien quan li giao due Tap chi Giao due so (ki i 10/2011) ngudi mgi tinh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hdi"(]) Ndi each khde: «Y ihuc dgo due la toan bg nhdng quan niem ve thien, ac, tdt, xdu, luang tam, trach nhiem, hgnh phuc, cong bdng va ve nhung quy tde danh gia, dieu chinh hanh vi ung xu gida ca nhan vdl xa hgi, giua ca nhan vdl ca nhan xa hgi" (2) Vdi tu cdch Id mot hinh thdi cua y thue xd hdi, dqo 6\jc ddng vai trd khdng nhd ddi sd'ng cua ngudi, eung luc thyc hidn ede chuc ndng: GD; nhgn thuc; dieu chinh hanh vi Nhu vdy, gii/a dqo due vd PL ed md'i quan he qua Iqi, tuong ho lan nhau; thdng nhdt vdi d ddi tuqng vd myc tieu Id eon ngudi Trdi Iqi, chung khde d phuong thuc d i l u chfnh hdnh vi cua ngudi De ndng eao vai trd vd phdt triln y thue dqo 6(rc, ngodi cdc bien phdp tfch eye khde, khdng the thilu vol trd cua PL vd y fhuc phdp quyin PL cdng chdt ehe, cdng ddy du vd duqc thi hdnh nghiem ehinh thi dqo due cdng duqc 6e cao, khd ndng d i l u chinh vd GD cua dqo 6(rc cdng duqc md rdng vd dnh hudng mdt cdch todn dien, tfch cue d i n mqi hdnh vi, mqi mdi quan he giCra ngudi vdi ngudi, giCra eon ngudi vdi xd hdi PL Id mot nhung hinh thdi y thuc xd hdi «PL la he thdng cac quy tdc xu su, nha nudc Dqo due vd PL thdng nhdt vdi d myc tidu ban hanh va bao dam &iuc hien, Hie hien y chi Id d i l u ehinh hdnh vi cua eon ngudi de ddm bdo cua giai cdp thdng tri xa hgi, la yeu td hoqt dqng binh thudng cua xd hdi Mdt ngudi vi dieu chinh cac quan he xa hgi nhdm tgo trgt tu va dn dinh xa hdi" (3) Vdi tu cdch Id phqm dqo due thudng Id vi phqm PL vd nguoc cdng ey qudn If nhd nudc, PL thue hidn cdc ehue Iqi vi phqm PL eung Id vi phqm dqo due; vi dqo 6\jc vd PL khdng tu nhidn md ed; de eon ngudi cd ndng: dieu chinh eac quan he xa hgi; GD duqc y thuc dqo due vd y thi/c PL d i u Id k i t qud PL vd dqo due d i u gdp phdn bdo vd cdc gid GD Idu ddi GD cho ngudi cd dqo due cung trj chdn chfnh, d i u lidn quan ddn hdnh vi vd dyng Id GD eho eon ngudi b i l t tdn trqng PL, ki cuong chqm den Iqi fch eua eon ngudi vd xd hdi PL tham phep nude GDPL eho ngudi cung Id 6e bdo gia d i l u ehinh quan he xd hdi bdng nhCrng quy vd gid trj dqo due vd ndng cao dqo 6uc phqm, d i l u khodn quy djnh ede q u y i n vd nghTa ngudi Vi vdy, GDDD tqo ndn nhCrng t i l n 6e cdn vy eua chu the Cdc quy phqm PL quy djnh ehi tidt thidt de hinh thdnh d cdng ddn sy tdn trqng sdu cdc hdnh vi duqc phep vd hdnh vi bj cdm dodn sde dd'i vdi PL Nguoc Iqi, GDPL Iqi tqo khd Ddng thdi, edn xdc djnh cy t h l cdch cu xu Idn ndng thie't ldp ddi sdng thyc t i l n thudng nhi/ng hinh phqt se dp dyng n l u chu t h l vi phqm ngdy nhCrng nguydn tdc eua dqo 6Crc, cung ed Ngodi ra, PL cdn thuc hien d i l u chfnh mdi quan cdc nghTa vy dqo 6irc, thilt ldp quan he bdo vd he giCra eon ngudi vd xd hdi bdng su bdt bude, hqnh phuc gia dinh, bdi dudng t h l he tre, kfch cudng che Kr bdn ngodi Trong d d , dqo 6(rc thfch su giijp do, tinh luong thidn, that thd vd khdng Iqi d i l u ehinh ede mdi quan he bdng d u ludn xd dung thu vdi ede bieu hidn chdng ddi xd hdi hdi, bdng su gidc ngd vd su thdi thuc Kr ben kong Mot sd mdt nhdt qudn kong GDPL vd GDDD tdc D i l m khde bidt nhung Iqi thdng nhdt ndy Id co sd ddng d i n HS, SV: Tdc dqng d i n Idng tin ddi vdi de PL vd dqo due bd sung vd hd trq Do vdy, sy edn thilt tudn theo nhCmg nguydn tdc co bdn eua cd t h l coi PL khdng nhCmg Id cdng cy 6e qudn If dqo due mdi; - Tdc ddng vdo Idng tin dd'i vdi gid kj nhd nude, md cdn Id mdi kudng thudn Iqi eho sy xd hdi cua PL; - Tdc ddng vdo Idng tin ddi vdi nnCmg hinh thdnh vd phdt k i l n y thuc dqo due Bdn cqnh quy pham don gidn've dao due vd PL kong ddi dd, dqo due Id gdc cuo PL, ndn vide eon ngudi sd'ng thye t l hdng n^dy d i u hudng d i n hodn thien thuc hidn tdt cdc quy phqm, cdc chudn muc dqo kong md'i quan he lan giCra eon ngudi 6(rc cung Id mdt budc 6e thuc thi td't PL GDDD, GDPL Id mdt qud kinh phuc tqp eua Tuy nhidn, dqo 6(rc vd PL cd nhi/ng dqc diem mdt chuoi nhi/ng tde ddng bdn ngodi Idn cdu true vd tfnh chdt khde qud trinh d i l u chinh tdm If cua cd nhdn nhdm djnh hudng dd'n hinh hdnh vi cua ngudi: Dqo 6(rc vd PL khde thdnh myc dfch, djnh hudng gid trj, nhi/ng net v l phuong thuc d i l u chfnh hdnh vi ngudi dqc trung v l phdm chdt, y chf, ndng luc, tfnh cdch (dqo 6\jc thi tinh cdm m i m deo, PL thi bdt bude cua eon ngudi Do vdy, GDPL ciing vdi GDDD ddm vd eung rdn); Dqo 6uc mang tfnh chung, djnh bdo su d i l u chinh tu bdn ngodi ddi vdi hdnh vi eua hudng, PL thi cy the vd rd rdng; Dqo due dqt eon ngudi Bdi, Idng tin se chuyin thdnh mye dfch, duqc k i t qud Id mdt qud trinh, PL dqt duqc k i t djnh hudng gid kj vd thdnh hdnh dqng Nhu vdy, qud h/e thi; Dqo due Id k i t qud tu thdn, su thd'ng nhdt cua GDPL vd GDDD duqc the hidn b i n vCrng, PL Id k i t qud tde ddng Kr bdn ngodi, cudi cijng d hdnh vi hqp phdp Nhdn thue sdu sdc chua b i n vung (Xem tiep h-ang 24) Tap clii Giao due s6 (ki i • 10/201 n Quan he giua giao due ngudi tqo nhtfng mdi trudng hqc tdp tfch cyc vd Krong tdc gitfa ngudi hqe vdi d l hinh thdnh nhtfng klndng Kr hqe ed nhdn vd hqp tdc nhdm Q (Tiep theo frang 13) sy thdng nhdt ndy cd y nghia trye tilp to Idn, vi, sy tde ddng td hqp cua hai dqng GD se duqc tdng cudng Trong thuc tien, tiln hdnh GD cho HS, SV, ede kudng vd tung gido vidn phdi kilm Hm cdc bidn phdp phu hqp de GDPL vd GDDD vai Kr each Id ede bidn phdp bd sung htfu eo eho nhdm ddm bdo tdng cudng sy tde dqng Idn tinh edm, hinh thdnh hdnh vi hqp phdp, dqo dtrc d ngudi Mdc cd mdi quon he htfu co bidn chung vdi nhau, Kjy nhidn cdn phdi khdng djnh, se khdng t h l hda Idn vd trdn Idn GDDD vd GDPL Tinh bidn chung ddi hdi phdi phdn bidt vd nhdn cdi ridng edi chung, cdi tdng the; nhdn ro cdc nhdt cdi ddc thu Dilu dd ehi ro rdng, cung vdi tfnh hd thdng vd td hqp eua qud kinh GD cdn SUMMARY phdi phdn bidt mdt cdch rd rdng ede da dqng khac In the process of teaching, proper attention cuo GDDD vd GDPL GDDD khdng the thay should be paid to the role and Influence of thl GDPL, cung nhu GDPL khdng the thay thl GDDD, environment leachers therefore must create active vi moi hinh thuc GD cd myc dfch, nqi dung, hinh learning environment; giving interactive teaching in thtrc vd phuong phdp ridng cua minh Bdn cqnh the direction of self-formation of new knowledge dd, Kiy h/ng Itfa Kidi md chung ta cd nhtfng noi dung GDDD vd GDPL phu hqp d l moi hinh thi/c phdt huy duqc vai kd cuo minh kong vide hinh (Tiep theo trang 3) thdnh nhdn cdch eua eon ngudi Viet Nam G (1) Claire Margolinas Devolution ct institutionnalLsation deux aspects antagonistes du rflle du maitre, Didactique des disciplines scicntifiques et formation des enseignants Universite Pedagoi^ique llo Chi Minh Ville 1995 (2) Trdn Diftn Hi^n (chu bien) C(rs& If thuyft tap h(yp \k logic toin Dy Sn PhSt tridn gido viCn tidu hpc NXB Gido due H 2007 Tdi li^u tham khio J M Denomme M Roy Ti^n tdi mOt phumig phip sir pham tmrng tic (NguySn Van Tu^n - T6ng Van Quan djch) NXB Thanh niin H 2000 D6 Dinh Hoan (chii bifin) Toin kirp I, 2, 3, 4, NXB Gidoc/j/c.H 2004 Van de xay dung dqc trung vdn hda eao d ngudi hqe - vd Id kit qud mong dqi Kr vide DT CTTT d Viet Nam • (1) M Rodentan (chii bien) Turdien Triet hoc NXB Suthdt H 1986 (2) Giio trinh Triet hoc Mic-Lenin NXB Chinh tri Tii lieu tham khio BO GD-DT Di dn ddo tao theo chuang trinh tiin qudc gia H.1999 tiin tgi mdt sd trudng dgi hgc ciia Viit Nam giai (3) Giio trinh I.i luin Mac-Lenin ve Nhi nuvc vi Phip luit Khoa Luit Trudng Dai hpc quO'c gia dogn 2008-2015, H 2008 Cic giao viftn cua cic trudng dai hpc USA Cic bio Hi NOi 2002 Tii lif u tham khao eio k^t thiic giing day Dai hpc Thai Nguyftn Hi Sy H6 NhOng bii giing v£ quin li truvng hpc Bin v£ giio due phap luit NXB Chinh tri quSc gia H 1995 NXB Gidod(