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TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HOI s6 2 (222) 2017 SINH VIEN VA DIEN THOAI THONG MINH (SMARTPHONE) VIEC SO" DUNG VA NHU''''NG ANH HU''''6''''NG D^N HOC TAP VA QUAN HE XA HOI NGUY6N XUAN NGHIA* PHAN TH! MINH PHU''''ONG" BINH[.]
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HOI s6 (222) 2017 SINH VIEN VA DIEN THOAI THONG MINH (SMARTPHONE): VIEC SO" DUNG VA NHU'NG ANH HU'6'NG D^N HOC TAP VA QUAN HE XA HOI NGUY6N XUAN NGHIA* PHAN TH! MINH PHU'ONG" BINH TH! KIM ANN" NGUY6N TH! TRANG™ S i l viet tim hieu nhO'ng die diim cua viec su' dung dien thoai thdng minh (smartphone) a vii nhdm sinh vien Thanh Ho Chi Minh vd anh huang cua nd len quan h$ xa hoi va vi$c hoc tap cOa nhdm ngwdi tre Trong nghien CLHU niy, ly thuyit quyit dinh luin ky thuit cua M McLuhan khdng hoan toan dwgc chap nhdn, nhwng cung goi cho ta nhiiu suy nghi mgt cdng nghe mdi tae ddng ien irng xCe cua cac ca nhin va nhirng mdi quan he xa hdi ndi chung Tir khda: Sinh vien, dien thoai thdng mmh, quan he x i hdi, vdn xa hoi, hgc tip Nhdn bii ngiy 8/4/2017; tS/a vdo bien tap 9/4/2017; phan bidn 12/4/2017, duygt dang: 20/4/2017 Gidl THIEU V A N D £ Hien nay, dien thoai di dgng va dgc biet dien thoai thdng mmh (smartphone) l i mdt phuang tien khdng the thilu sinh hoat hang ngiy cua nhieu ngudi Van lan truyin mdt nhan xet thu vj v i xac ding: rdi khdi nha, ba vat dung ta khong t h l thieu la vi tien, chia khda v i smartphone, Cic so lieu dau nim 2015 eho thay, udi dan sd hon 93 trieu, Viet Nam hien cd gin 40 trieu ngudi su dyng internet; 123,8 trieu thue bao dien Ihoai dl ddng, khoang 32.4 tneu ngudi su dung smartphone chilm ty le khoang 36% -r^ ^ ,' u' Truing Da hoc MO Thanh pha HO ChiiVlinh din so Ty le ngudi sir dyng smartphone tang len rat nhanh: 36.5% vao nam 2016 v i 43,7% din so vao 2017 (Kemp 2015) Do tinh thai su tren, bal vilt niy mudn tim hieu viee su dung smartphone v i anh hudng cua nd ddi sdng sinh vien tai TPHCM Oe tai niy dup'c thu thip dtr lieu vao thing 11/2015 v i hoan t i t bio cio vio quy nam 2016, ^ Viet Nam hien chi cd eac bii bao le te hoac cic bio eao eua cac cdng ty nghien ciru thi trudng neu len cic nhin xet ve uan de su dyng smartphone v i anh hudng cua nd Chung la cd t h l k l din bao eao ciia ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^012) Nielsen - NGUYEN XUAN NGHiA VA NHl£U TAC GIA - SINH V|£N VA S[£N THOAI., Smartphone Insights, 2012: cua Cdng thoai thong mmh giio due, d l ly VTM IT (2014) Phdn tich s6 lieu cap mdt so cong dyng cua smartphone thong ke ve internet vd di dong tai Unh vyc giao due Viet Nam nam 2014; cua Trin Thanh MUC TIEU NGHIEN Cl/U, CO S6 Tdng (2014) Sao cao khao sat thdi LY THUYET VA PHU'ONG PHAP quen siJ dung smartphone o ngwai Muc tieu nghien cwu tieu dung 18-35 tuoi tai TPHCM Viec Tir chu d l nghien ciru tong quit trgn, su dyng smartphone cd lien quan din bii viet niy nhim tim hieu thyc trgng mang xa hgi, cd thl k l din bai viet viec sir dyng smartphone v i anh eua Nguyin Xuan NghTa, Huynh Th; hudng cua nd len cac moi quan he xa Dilm Phudc (2012) Facebook vd von hgi va viec hoe tip cua sinh vien tgi xa hoi v l khia canh quan he xa hdi TPHCIul Cu t h l han, bai viel tim hilu eua uiec sir dung smartphone, cd cic ue hi^n trang si> dyng ui su bien bii bao cua Khanh Ly (2014) ciia smartphone sinh vien Smartphone giit chit nhirng cude doi tuang quan vdl cac ylu to nhan khau thoai cua eon ngwai: ciia Do Hdng - x i hgi, phin logi eae loai hinh ngudi Quan (2014), Smartphone - biiu twang su dyng, xae dinh cac tinh nang vi the ca nhin? Die biet, bii vilt niy cung k l thua mdt sd nghien ciru thudng duac sir dung; phan fich cua cic tac gia nudc ngoii, nhu: nhung tic ddng, anh hudng va tim Namsu Park (2014) ue Tinh chat eua quan trgng cua smartphone len cic gidi tre nghien smartphone d Hin mil quan he xa hgi ua anh hudng Sen Qudc, qua dd tac gia eho thay vln de hoat dong hoe tip cua smh vien nghien smartphone anh hudng len Mdt so khai niem eic mdl quan h? xa hdi, nghien cuu Moi iien he giCra nhitng thudc tinh tam iy vai viec nghien smartphone, voi giao liep doi dien vi sw vang mat hien tai cua von xi hgi cua B Casey (2012) duac thuc hien tai Oai hpe Hongkong, mdt nghien ciru khac Nhdng ngwai an tap ky thuat so phwang tien truyin thdng xa hdi vi von xa hoi cua M Naseer (2012), tim hilu vai trd cua smartphone viec tao von x i hdi, cic moi quan he xa hdi cua cac nhom di dan tai Stockhohm Thuy Dien, Rit it bai v l anh hudng eiia smartphone len viec hgc tip, nhien cung cd bai cua J, Bryant (2011): Dien Trude hit, ta can xac djnh mdt s i khai niem Dien thoai thong minh (smartphone) li mdt dien thogi di dgng cd he dieu hinh (operating system) cua mdt di^n thoai di ddng cao d p , nd phdi hop mdt so die dilm cCia hg dilu hinh may tinh e i nhan eua dien thoai dl dong, cua mdl PDA'^', cua cac phuong tien nghe nhin va cua thilt bl dinh ur, may ghi am, miy anh va vdi cae smartphone ddl mdi, cd ea chirc ning eiia the lin dung'^' Quan he xa hgi (social relation) la nhirng quan he giu-a ngudi udi ngudi TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HOI so (2221 2017 d u g c hinh t h a n h q u i trinh hoat ciia g i i c quan v i he t h i n g t h i n kinh d g n g kmh t l , xa hdi, chinh tri, p h i p cua n g u d i , vi t h l nhi>ng thay doi l u i t , t u t u d n g , d a o dire, v i n hda, ky t h u i t c d t h l d i n t d i n h u n g c i c h M g i s u vat v i hien t u p ' n g Irong xa hdi thirc In g i i c ua nhan thirc m d i Ong cd d i u c d nhO'ng m o i lien he v d i nhau, m p t cau ndi ndi t i l n g " p h u o n g tien Nhung truyin k h d n g phai m d i lien he nao thong chinh li thdng diep" c u n g la q u a n he xa hdi Q u a n he x i Theo ly thuyet n i y , ky thugt la mdt s y hdi d u a e hinh t h i n h tir t u a n g t i e x i khdng ngu'ng m d i m e m a cai m d i ay h d i NhO'ng t u o n g t i c n i y k h d n g phai d u g e tao tir n g u d i va chinh eai li m d i ay lal lam thay doi cude sdng eua ngiu muc nhien, m i dieh, ed thudng hoaeh phai c d djnh NhCrng t u a n g l i c phai c d xu h u d n g ho (McLuhan 1994) A p dung v i o chCi lip d l nghien c i r u , smartphone x u i t hien lai, on dinh v i tao lap m g t m o hinh t h d i gian g a n day k i t hap eac t u a n g t i c Noi c i c h k h i c , cac chO t h l chirc h a n h d d n g t r o n g m d hinh t u o n g tac thdng t h u d n g , v d i ehire n i n g eua may n a y phai dat d u a e m d t m i r c lu tinh laptop, may ghi i m , ghi hinh, tir ning cua dien thoai di dgng d d n g hda nhat djnh n i o T i r e l i hg dien, d d n g ho b i o thire dang thue t h u c hien g i n n h u k h d n g c d y thire, s u thay ddl n h i l u khia cgnh cua d d i n h u thdi q u e n ' ^ ' s d n g eon n g u d i Co sa ly • Ly t h u y l t c h i r c nang thuyit S m a r t p h o n e la m o i cdng cu thugc dinh V d i c h u d l n g h i e n c i r u tren, c d the che I r u y i n thdng va nd cung cd chire Crng d u n g n h i e u ly t h u y l t , nhien nang rieng ddi v d i xa hgi Trong xu e h i i n g tdi s i r d u n g hai ly t h u y l t chinh h u d n g nghien c i r u chirc nang luan, cd ylu Idi t i l p li ly I h u y l t q u y l t dmh luan ky can "sir d u n g va hai Idng" t h u § t (technological d e t e r m i n i s m ) v i ly ("uses and gratifications" t h u y l t ehire n i n g m a m d t c i c lae g i i dau tien irng • Ly thuyet q u y l t dmh luan ky thuat d y n g ldi l i l p can l i Maleom Wiley cua M a r s h a l l M c L u h a n O n g da dat eau hoi ddc d i e approach), cdng vl c h i i n g d i lam gi v d i c i c p h u o n g tien t r u d n g p h i i T o r o n t o , C a n a d a Quan t r u y i n I h d n g ? N h u vay phai tim xem d i e m c u a c i e d n g cho c h i i n g ta nhu'ng edng chung c h d d g i g i , ddi hdi gi d H, Innis vi M McLuhan thudc go'i y h i r u ich nghien ciru n h i r n g cdng nghe m d i v i anh h u d n g eua e h i i n g , n h i t l i Innis cho r i n g ehinh ky thuat cua cae p h u a n g tien t r u y i n t h d n g q u y l t djnh each t h i r c suy n g h i va d n g x i r cua n g u d i , Ly t h u y l t eua M c L u h a n d i o s i u t u t u d n g cua Innis, cho rang ky thuat l i s u ndi d i i c i c p h u o n g lien t r u y i n thdng Hay ndi each khac, v d i c i c n h d m cdng chimg khac cd the c d nhieu k i l u hai long k h i e v l cac p h u o n g tien t r u y i n thdng (Tran Htj-u Quang 2006) T r o n g nghien c u u n i y , chung tdi phan loai n g u d i sir dung smartphone NGUYEN XUAN NGHTAVANHI^UTAC GIA - SINH ViEHVABIgN THOAI nhilu logi khie nhau, ed nhung yeu clu, thda khic Smartphone khdng chi cd chirc nang tao lap cic mdi quan he x i hdi, m i cdn ho trg viec hgc tgp, nhu tim kilm thong tin, luu tru du' lieu Gia thuyet cua nghien cwu Tir nhung dir lieu thu thap sa bd va tir cac ly thuylt tren nghien cuu dit hai gia thuylt chinh 1) Dien thogi thdng minh vdi tu each la mgt ky thual mdl ddi, nd se thay ddi nhieu khia eanh ddi song, dac bi^t vdi sinh vien, no se phin nao thay doi cac mdi quan he xa hoi v i anh hudng tdi viec hoc tap; 2) Smh vien si> dyng smartphone khdng phai ia mgt khdi ngudi thing nhal, m i ed nhieu logi ngudi khic vdi nhirng yeu cau va thda man khae Phwang phdp Do nhirng han chl khieh quan v i chu quan, khieh the nghien ciru bao gdm 400 smh vien dang theo hgc ehuong trinh ehinh qui tip trung, thudc cic khdi nganh ky thuat, kinh te, xa hdi va khoa hoc tu nhien, tai eac trudng dai hge thuoc dia bin TPHCM; dd chia diu 200 smh vien l i nam v i 200 smh vien la nir; phin diu cho trudng dai hge tren dia ban TPHCMTrudng Oai hge Khoa hgc Tu nhien, Trudng Oai hgc Khoa hoc Xa hdi v i Nhan van, Trudng Oai hoc Bach khoa v i Trudng Dai hgc Kinh t l , nhu viy mdi trudng l i 100 sinh vien Nghien ciru niy phdi hgp phuang phap dmh luang v i dmh tinh, nhung chCi ylu la djnh lugng, do cdng ey thu thap thong tin chinh ylu l i ban hdi Ban hdi dugc xay dyng vdi 28 cau hdi ehinh nham lam rd nh&ng thdng tin co ban sau: die dilm nhin khau - x i hgi cua sinh vien; cic dgc dilm lien quan din ui^e sir dung smartphone; cic chi bio ludng quan hg x i hdi eua smh uien cd sil dung smartphone; vi^c sCr dyng smartphone vi^c hge tip Ngoii ra, nghien ciru su dyng mgt so thang • Thang muc nghidn smartphone Mdt chf so de ludng viec sir dyng l i mirc dp nghien smarthphone dugc khao sit bing thang Likert (1 = hoan toan khdng diing; = hoan lean dimg) vdi cic eau hdi, mue (item) sau: - Ban da c l ging dinh it thdi gian tren dien thoai thdng mmh cua ban nhung khdng the - Bgn ludn cam thay ban tam v l chile smartphone eCia minh ban khang sir dung nd, hoic ludn tudng tugng ve nd - Ban sir dung smartphone d l lam cho ban cam thiy lot han ban dang cam thiy tdile Ban cam thay minh su dyng smartphone nhilu hon so vdi thdi gian dudjnh - Ban da duoe cho bilt rang bgn danh qui nhilu thdi gian tren chile smartphone cua ban - Ban thudng nghT rang bgn nen cit giam so lugng tiln ma bgn sir dyng tren smartphone A HQC XA HQl s6 (222) 2017 - Ban be va gia dinh cua ban hay than philn ve vigc sie dung smartphone eiia bgn - Nang suit ciia ban giam din, la ket qua true tilp dg ban ludn dinh thdi gian tren smartphone - Ban cam thay ban ban rgn vdi smartphone ding ban cin phai lim nhung thCr khic - Ban se eim thiy lo ling nlu nhu ban khdng the kiem tra cae thong diep hoae md smartphone cua ban mdt thdi gian • Thang u l su co dan Mdt gia thuylt duoc nhieu cong trinh nghien ciru d l cap din la nhung ngudi su dyng smartphone nhilu la nhu'ng ngudi thudng cam thay cd don, nhu eae nghien ciru ciia N Park, B Casey d i d l cap d phin tong quan tu lieu, m i chUng ldi k l thira bii vill niy Thang Likert (1 = khdng bao gid; = hilm khi, = kha thudng xuyen, = thudng xuyen) bao gdm cac ciu hdi sau: - Ban CO Ihudng cam thiy rang khdng ed mdt ban cd the cting lam viec? - Ban cd thudng cam thay ring minh tich biet khdi nhdm ban b6? - Ban ed thudng cam thay ring ban cd rit nhilu dilm chung vdi nhu'ng ngudi xung quanh ban? - Ban cd Ihudng cam thiy ring sd thich v i y tudng cua ban khdng dugc chia se bdi nhirng ngudi xung quanh bgn? - Ban cd thudng cam thiy cdi md v i than thien? - Ban cd Ihudng cam thiy ring ban bi ed lip ttr nhirng ngudi khic? - Bgn cd thugng cam thay rang ban cd t h l tim mot tinh ban ban muln? • Thang v l sy nhut nhat (shyness) Thang Likert (1 = hoin loan khdng dimg; = hoin toan dung) bao gom cic cau hdi sau: Tdi cam thiy khd khan ndi chuyen vdi ngudi khdng quen - Tdi Ihudng cam Ihiy vung v l giao tilp vdi ngudi khic - Tdi kin dio v i giCr kin moi chuyen - T6i l i ngudi mgnh dgn ua giao tilp tot - Tdi qui quan tam din cic hinh ddng cu xie cua chinh minh v i hay xau hd Ngoii viec thu thap cac du li?u djnh lugng, de cd duac nhirng thdng tin dinh tinh ehi tilt va sau sic hon, chiing tdi da tiln hanh phdng vin siu sinh vien thude mdt so trudng dai hoe nhim phit hien nhirng khia cgnh mdl me, siu sac, ddng thai hieu rd han nhirng suy nghT, y kiln v l anh hudng cua viec su dung smartphone doi udi cae quan h0 x i hdi va viec hoc tap eua sinh vien Ben cgnh dd chung tdi cung phdng vln giang vien (2 nam ua n&) u l nhan dmh cua hg v l anh hudng cua smartphone ddi vdi viec hgc cua smh vien DT nhien, bii vilt cdn su-dyng phuang phip nghien ciru tu lieu qua sich bao va ca t i i lieu internet d l thuc hien vigc NGUYEN XUAN NGHIA VA NHIEU TAC GIA - SINH VI£N VA DIEN THOAI dugc nhO'ng cdng nghe mdi nhat, thich kham phi nhtrng tinh nang mdi; ehilm 14% long sd mlu nghien ciru Su phin logi niy rit quan vl no tic ddng len nhO'ng dac diem khic cua ngudi su dung Ty 1$ phin trim nhirng smh vien nghidn edng nghe va K^T QUA NGHIEN CO-U nhirng ngudi chii trgng bilu hien v] 3.1 Nhirng die diem lien quan din t h l eua smartphone l i cao viec su dung smartphone ciia sinh nhirng sinh vien thuge eic gia dinh vien giau ed va gia (tuong irng 32% va Trudc hit la su phin loai cic hang 43,2%) (Bang cheo cae loai ngudi sir ngudi sir dung dua Iren tuang quan dyng va tinh trgng kmh t l gia dinh eho vdi edng nghe*^' Phan tieh cac du' lieu ta kiem dinh ehi binh phuong nhu sau' Ihu thap cho ta thiy ed bin hang X^ = 21,267, df= 6, p = 0.002) ngudi, nhu sau Nhirng smh vien thudc loal niy - Nhirng ngudi sd dung binh thudng - thudng sinh sing d thinh thi hay cac la nhirng ngudi thiy moi ngudi sir thi xa, th| tran (Bang cheo cic loai dyng, thi minh cung sir dung, Va ddi ngudi sir dyng v i nguon gdc que liic cdn duoe gidi chuyen mdn ggi l i quin: X^ = 13,265, df = 6, p = 0.039) nhirng ngudi "cham l y t v l cdng nghg" Va ta eung nhin thiy, khoing 57% va (technological laggers) Nhdm ngudi 59% nhtrng ngudi nghien cdng nghe chilm 34,8% Irong mau nghien ui nhtrng ngudi chii Irgng bieu hien vi cuu I h l xa hdl cua smartphone mua - Nhirng ngudi thieh irng cdng nghe nhirng dien thoai tir trieu cho din (technological adapters), la nhung tren 10 tneu ddng Trong cd din ngudi SCK dung smartphone de cugc 41,7% nhirng ngudi sCr dung binh sdng ti^n nghi, d§ ding hon va nhim thudng mua nhtrng dien thogi Itr tang hieu ning cua edng viec Nhdm din dudi tneu (xrn xem Bang 1: X^ = ngudi niy cd ty le cao nhit chilm 40,268; df= 12, p = 0.000) 40,2% miu nghien ciru Ve thdi gian bat dau sir dung - Nhu'ng ngudi chii trgng khia canh smartphone, y l u t l que quan v i tinh mdt, thdi trang ctia cong nghe trang kinh t l cua gia dinh cho thay cd (technological chics) Hg mong mudn su tic ddng: nhu'ng sinh vien d uiec SLP dyng smartphone se lam tang thi, thi trin cd thdi gian siV dung ui t h l xa hdl, "ding cip" cua hg, smartphone sdm hon va nhtrng sinh Nhdm ngudi chiem 11 % vien thudc gia dinh giiu cd, kha gia, - Nhu'ng ngudi nghien cdng nghe cung la nhirng ngudi sir dyng sdm (gadget addicts), Hg la ngudi mong cd han (Kiem dinh X^ lan luot la, X^ = 21, lim tong quan tu lieu de l i i da chgn va minh hoa cho eac phan khic V i cull cimg, ehiing tdi diing quan sit bang giac quan va edng cu miy mdc (vi nhu miy anh) de ghi nhan nhirng dO lieu eho bao cao'^' Tr.r QUI KHOA HQC XA HQl so (222) 2017 Bang Loai nguai sirdung v i miicgi^ cua smartphone Loai ngtroi sCi' dyng fi/ltfc gid 1- < 3lr - < 5tr -< tr 7-= 10 tr Tong Binh thugng 41,7 33,8 13,7 5,0 5,8 100% Chu trgng ti§n nghi, hi#u nSng cong vigc 26,7 39,8 18,6 9,3 5,6 100% Chti trgng vl th4, "ding cap" 22,7 18,2 34,1 11,4 13.6 100% Nghi§n cflng ngh$ 17,9 25,0 26,8 21,4 8,9 100% Wgudn-Kit qua khao s^teuad^t^i, th^ng 11/2015 X^ = 40,268, df=- 12 :p = 0.000 43; df = 6; p = 0,002, X^ = 14,89; df = 6; p = 0,021) V i cac loai ngudi sO dyng, nhtrng ngudi xem smartphone la bilu hien cua vj t h l ed ty le % sir dung Iren nim cao nhat - gin 30%, k l din l i nhO'ng ngudi nghien edng nghe 25%, ty le niy d nhu'ng ngudi sit dung binh Ihudng chf la 15% (Kilm dmh X^ cho thiy su khic biet cd y nghTa X^ = 22,41, df = 9; p = 0.008) Thdi gian sinh vien su dung smar^hone trung binh mdi ngiy la 163 phiit'^', thdi gian bi chi phoi bdi cic ylu l l kinh te gia dinh, que quin, thdi gian bit diu su dung ui loai ngudi sir dung Cd nghTa la nhung smh vien cd gia dinh giau, gia, sinh sing d thinh v i thi trin, nhu'ng sinh uifen da su dung smartphone lau nam u i nhu'ng sinh vien thudc loai chu "ding cip", nghign cdng nghe , thi cd thdi gian sir dyng smartphone hing ngiy nhieu han, bdi le kiem dinh chisquare cho ta k i t qua lan luot nhu sau: X' = 17,62, df= 8, p= 024; X' = 25.86, df= 8, p= 0.001; X' = 42.117, df= 12, p= 0,000; X^ = 23,895, df = 12, p = 0.021 v l ehi phi sir dung 70% smh vien chi dudi lOO.OOOdong/thing Chi phi bl chi phdi bdi tinh trang kinh l l gia dinh, khoi nganh hgc v i loai ngudi sir dung Sinh vien cang kha gia chi phi cho smartphone cang nhilu (X^ = 40,063, df = 8; p = 000) Vdi khoi nganh hgc, sinh vien khdi nginh xa hgi v i nhan van chi phi cho smartphone hang thing nhilu nhit (37% tdn tren 100 000 dong) va it nhit la smh vien khoi tu nhien (22% ton tren 100 OOOd) (X^ = 22 70 df = B; p = 0.030) Vdi loai ngudi sir dung, sinh vien Ihugc loai nghien cdng nghe cd chi phi nhilu nhat (38% ton tren 100.000 dong/ thing), k l den l i loai ehii trgng "ding cip" (31% tdn tren 100.000 ddng/ thing) De tim hilu mire dd sir dung cic tinh ning cua smartphone, chung tdi d i khao sat 14 tinh nang cua smartphone udi thang do: 1, khdng su' dung, khdng thudng xuyen, 3: thudng xuyen, 4: kha thudng xuyen, 5' fit thudng xuyen Kit qua cho thiy cd tinh nang sinh vien tham gia nhilu nhit dd NGUYEN XUAN NGHTA VA NHIEU TAC GIA - SINH Vl£N VA DIEN THOAI , Bang 2, Mirc dd su dung cic chirc nang eiia Smartphone cua smh vien theo gidi linh Gidl linh Kiem djnh str khac bi$t gi&a nhflm Nam NO- Oiem TB Diem TB Tin nhan van ban 3,46 3,35 = 852, d f = 398, ns Gqi/nghe di^n thogi 3,50 3,61 t =-0.910, d f ^ 398, ns Chci games 3,35 3,20 t= 280 d f = , ns GCfi/nhan mail 2,86 2,92 t = - , d f = , ns Chupinh, quay phim 3,44 3,66 t =-1.986, df = 398, p =0.048 Mang xd hfli 3,66 3,79 t = -1 212, d f = , ns Liru IrtP cac thflng tin va tai li$u 3,17 3,03 t = , d f = , ns Sti' dung ban tim vi Irl, GPS 3,07 2,92 t = 0.511, d f = 398, ns Ghi am 2,47 2,75 t ^-2,397 ,df= 398, ns Bao Ihirc 3,31 3,43 Radio 2,42 2,51 t =-0,746, d f = 398, ns Word, excel, powerpoml 2,38 2,47 t = -0 , d f = , n s Dgc truyen 2,81 3,14 t = -2.638, df = 398, p = 0.009 Nghe nhac 3,71 3,93 t = -1 959, df = 397, ns Cac chtfc nSng t =-0.913, df = 398, p = 0.017 Nguon, Kel qua khao sat cua d l tii, thing 11/2015, l i nghe nhac (dilm trung binh: 3,82), mang xa hgi (3,72), goi/nghe dien Ihoai (3,55), chyp anh quay phim (3,54), tin nhin van ban (3,40) ua eac linh nang it duge sir dyng nhit la ghi i m (2,60), nghe radio (2,46) ui eie chirc nang vin phdng Word, Excel, PowerPoint (2,42) So sanh nam va ntr smh vien viec su dung ehuc ning nay, ta Ihay cd su khac biel giO'a nam ua nCr, cd mdl so chuc nang nam sCr dung nhilu hgn nu-, ed nhung chirc nang nO' su dyng nhiiu hon nam ua cting cd mgt so chirc ning nam va ntr sir dyng gin ngang Tuy nhien, xel v l khac biel cd y nghTa thing ke, chi cd ba chirc ning sau l i co khic biet giira nam nu' sinh vien (xem Bang 2) - Chirc ning ehup anh, quay phim diem so trung binh eua nam: 3,44; nO" 3,66; I = 1,986; p = 0.048 NO' gidi vdi die linh thugng chu bin ngoii, tinh cam v i cu the, dd muon ghi Igt cic sy kien nhilu han nam gidi Chirc nang bao thirc cua smartphone dilm sd trung binh cua nam: 3,31; nu' 3,43; t = 0,913; p = 0.017 NO' gidl can than, nghigm tiic hon vdl gid giic, dd sCr dung chirc ning bio thire nhilu han - Chire nang doc truygn, dilm so trung binh ciia nam 2,81, nu', 3,14; I = 2,638; p = 0.009 Day l i khac bigt rd TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQl so 1222) 2017 Bang Cic cum chirc nSng cua smartphone theo logi hinh nguoi sir dung Diem trung binh Loai hinh ngufl*! s u dyng ChifC ntng coban ChtfC nfing giai tri Chuc nSng lien quan cOng vifc Chirc nSng cao cap Binh thuong 9,78 16,70 9,8 5,39 Chti trgng tifen nghi, higu nang cflng viec 11,27 17,62 11,62 6,32 9,04 16,65 11,38 Chil vi the "ding c^p" Nghien cflng ngh$ Kiem dinh An ova 9,94 18,58 F^ 10,14 p= 0.000 F= 4,25 p=0,006 12,30 F= 7,30 p^O.OOO 6,06 7,14 F= 3,70 p=0-On Ngudn: Kel qua khao sil cua de lii Ihing 11/2015 hon ca Va khac biet niy cho thiy mdt dac trung giai tri eua ntr smh vien Tu 14 tinh nang tren, ta cd the phin bin cym chirc nang chinh - Cic chirc nang eo ban (basic functions) bao gom: su dgng tin nhin, ggi/nghe dien thoai, bao thirc , - Cic chue ning giai tri (fun functions) choi games, chup anh, quay phim, mgng xa hdi, doe truyen, nghe nhgc - Cic ehire nang lien quan din cdng viec (work-related functions); gui/nhan email, luu trtJ- tai ligu, van ban Word, Excel - Cie chire ning cao cip (advanced functions)- GPS, djnh vi, ban dd,., Viec sir dyng ca bin cym chuc ning d i u cd khac biet ttiy logi ngudi sir dyng (xin xem Bang 3) - Vdi cum chu'c nang ca ban cua smartphone, nhOng ngudi chii trgng tien nghi, hieu nang cua edng uiec cd dilm trung binh eao nhit (11,27) va nhtrng ngudi chii trgng vi thl, "ding cap" cd diem trung binh Ihip nhat (9,04) Doi vdi nhirng nhdm ngudi sau, smartphone ddi liic chf la mot Irang Iri eua hg - Vdi cum chue nang lien quan din cdng viec, nhtrng ngudi nghien cdng nghe v i nhung ngudi chii Irgng hieu nang cua edng viec cd dilm trung binh eao nhal (lin lugl la 12,30 v i 11,62) - Va cudi ciing vdi cac chirc ning cao cap cua smartphone nhdm nhtrng ngudi nghien cdng nghe cd diem trung binh cao nhit (7,14) Day cung l i dilu d l hilu, nhtrng ngudi su dung nhtrng smartphone mdi, dit tiln l i d l thda man Id md, khim phi, sir dung nhtrng chuc ning, cdng nghe mdi nhll cua smartphone 3.2 Anh hudng cua vifc sir dung smartphone ddi vo'i quan he x i hoi Anh hudng ciia uiec su' dung smartphone vdi quan he xa hgi la mdt van de rit rgng, bai uilt niy gidi han chi tim hiiu uiec sir dung smartphone de nil mang x i hdi, gia tang so luang ban be, smartphone va von x i hdi, ua NGUYEN XUAN NGHIA VA NHIEU TAC GIA - SINH VIEN VAflIENTHOAI CUOI cimg tim hilu tuang quan giua uln d l nghien smartphone vdi tinh nhiit nhal, sy ed dan Smarthphone gia tang kit noi mang xa hdi, gia tang so ban be Kit qui phan tich cho thiy 84,2% smh vien sir dyng smartphone cd tham gia facebook k l din Zala 65,2%, Viber: 40,5%, Zingme 39,8%, Skype: 38,3% V i chinh qua eac mang xa hdi m i so luang bgn be cua ngudi su dyng gia tang Trong miu nghien cuu niy, sd lugng Irung binh ban be cua sinh vien l i 528 ngudi Smh vien cd thdi gian sir dung smartphone hang ngiy eang cao thi sd lugng bgn be cang gia tang (linh tuong quan r cho la kit qua: r = 0.162, p = 0.001) truang v l hinh thire ua muon eho ngudi khic bilt "ta day quan he rgng"; ke din la hang ngudi sir dyng binh thudng 584 ban, nhu-ng ngudi nghien cdng nghe ua chii trgng hieu nang cua smartphone cd sd lugng ban it hon, lin lugt la 486 ngudi va 469 ngudi (F = 3,260, p = 0.022) Smartphone va vdn xa hoi Cd t h l neu hai khuynh hudng chinh v l dinh nghTa von x i hoi (Nguyin Xuan NghTa, Huynh Thi Dilm Phudc 2014: 16) P Bourdieu (1980 2) dinh nghTa vdn xa hdi: "la tap hgp nhO'ng ngudn lyc hiin thue hay kha the ed lien quan din mgt mang ludi bin vu-ng bao gdm cac mdi lien he quen biit va nhan nhau, it nhilu da duac dinh chi hda" Ong v l giai linh, so luong ban trung binh cung quan mem "Khoi lugng vln xa ciia nam smh vien l i 530 ngudi, nu hdl cua mdt lie nhan cu the nao dd la 526 ngudi Sy khic biel khdng nhu vay phy thudc vao muc quy mo cd y nghTa thing ke (I = 0.093; p = mang ludi cic moi lien hf ma ngtrdi 0.926) cd I h l huy ddng dugc Ihyc t l , Trong dd, su khac biet v l sd va vio khli lugng von (kinh t l , van lugng bgn be giUa sinh vien thuoc eic hda hay bieu trung) cua tirng ngudi khli khac nhau, dang cho chOng ta ma lie nhan cd lien he" (Bourdieu quan 1am So ban Irung binh ciia sinh 1980- 2) Nam 1988, nhi xa hdi hoc vien thudc khoi kinh l i cao nhit 585 My J Coleman (1988 S98) dua bgn, k l dd khli xa hdi - nhan van' 579 mdt quan diem khac v l vdn xa hgi, ngudi; khli ky thuat: 533 ngudi; khoi muln nil kit hai ddng tu tudng eiu khoa hgc tu nhien 414 ngudi (F = triic luan v i ca the lugn: "Vln xa hgi 4.29; p =0 005) khdng phai l i mdt thyc thl don gian Sy khac biel v i sd luang ban be cua m i ta nhdu thye t h l khic nhau, vdi nhtrng loai ngudi sir dung eung dang hai ylu to chung tat ca chiing diu luu y So lugng ban Irung binh ciia bao gom mdt vii khia cgnh ciia kit nhu'ng ngudi su dyng chii vi thi ciu xa hdi ua chung tao sy d i ding bieu hien cua smartphone eao nhat - cho mgt sd hanh ddng ciia eac chu 618 ngudi Dilu niy cung d l hieu, vi the - cd t h l 1^ ca I h l hay lip thl nhirng ngudi sir dyng hay phd TAP CHl KHOA Hpc XA HQl sd (2 ca cau xa hdl" Cd nhieu tuang ddng vdi Coleman R Putnam (1993, 20C)0) ndi din vln xa hgi la quy chilu d i n "nhu'ng net eiia eie t l chirc xa hdi nhu cac mang ludi, cic ehuan muc va su tin eay (trust), chung tao su d i dang cho hanh ddng va hgp tic nhim din nhung Igi ich hd tuong" (Putnam 1993' 35) Trong nghien cuu nay, von x i hdi duae nhin dudi gdc VI md la mgng ludi cic quan he ca nhan, tgo nen ngudn luc eho ca nhan nhu vay, smartphone cd quan he vdi vln xa hdi, ui nd tgo cac mli quan he xa hgi v l cic loai hinh ciia vln xa hdi Putnam (2000) l i ngudi diu tien phan biet vdn xa hdi rang bude (bonding social capital) va von xa hgi bie cau (bridging social capital) Vdn xa hdi rang budc tin tai lien k l l giira nhu'ng ngudi "gidng tdi" (like me), d nhtrng c i nhin ed eic mdi quan he khang kbit, keo dii, gin liln vdi cam xiie mgnh, ching hgn quan he cua cae thinh vien thugc cae nhdm so cip nhu gia dinh, ban thin Trong udn xa hdl bie eiu Ihudng dya tren nhirng mil lien k l l ylu (weak ties), lien kit giua nhung ngudi "khdng gidng loi" (unlike me) - mot quan dilm ciia Granouetter l i nhu'ng mli quan Bing Ma Irin phan lich nhan t l nhu'ng nhSn dinh d l luong v6n xa hfli cua ni§n uigc sir dyng facebook tren smartphone Nhan to Nhan flinh cua ngtroi sir dgng doi voi facebook 771 180 T6i CO the d l dang tim viec lam hoac noi thyc t$p nhfl' s y giup d& cila ban ba 740 224 Tfli cam Ihay thich thti voi nhtrng gt dang diin tren facebook 682 182 Tfli CO the n h i n dugc ldi khuyen tir ngtrd'i than, ban ba phai cfl nhtrng quyet djnh quan 667 288 Toi Ihay minh la mflt phan cua cac giao hep tren facebook 436 390 Toi CO the muan mot so lien kha l&n tu' ngufl'i than gap kh6 khSn 061 817 Facebook giup tfli ttrong tac voi nhigu ban be moi Tfli s i r sang dung thoi gian cua minh de fham gia cSc hoat ddng chung lr§n facebook 288 744 Tuang tac vdi nh&ng nguoi trSn facebook gitip toi iam nhieu viflc tot dgp hon 361 646 490 Co vai ngum toi rat tin tuong giiip loi giai quyet nh&ng van de khfl khan ,484 TOI CO t h l tim duoc viec iam lot nhg ban be cO 316 438 % Phu'ong sai 47.461 9.479 Ngudn Ket qua khao sat ciia d l ti[, Ihing 11/2015 Ghi cMJ Phuong phap xoay nguySn gflc cac nhan to Varimax procedure; chi: 0.806 cho thay co y nghTa phan tich nhan to Ihlch hgp NGUYEN XUAN NGHIA VANHIEU TAC GIA - SINH VISN VAClgN THOAI hf c6 t h l cung d p nhtrng thdng tin hO'U Ich nhung khong chilm thdi gian, It ngi dung, eudng dd cam xiie, mirc dg tin cgy ylu, khong cao Granovetler d i cho thiy su phong phO, da dgng, mdl me cua thdng tin dy^ tren nguyfn t i c phit tan cue cac quan hf ylu, chfnh t i sire mgnh, lim gia ting mgng ludi x i hfi cua cic e i nhan (Nguyen Xuan NghTa, Huynh Thj Dilm Phudc 2014: 17) D I tim hilu logi hinh von x i hfl nio cd val trd quan sinh vifn SCH dgng smartphone, chung tdi d i su dyng 10 menh de (hay nhan 6\nh v l vige su dung facebook) v i phin tich nhin t l cho cic kit qua sau (xin xem Bang 4) Ta dit tin cic nhin Id; Nhin t l 1: Von xa hdi bac ciu (nhO'ng mli quan hf Idng leo, bgn mdi) cd Cronbach Alpha' a= 0,793 , vdl cic mfnh d l tieu bilu sau, - Facebook giiip tdi tuang tic vdi nhilu ban be mdl (0.771) - Tfi cam thay thich thu vdi nhO'ng gi dang dien tren facebook (0.682) Nhin to duge dat ten "Vln x i hgi ring budc" (quan hf mgnh, cd t h l giCip dd gap khd khin: gia dinh, ban thin thill .) ed Cronbach Alpha, a = 0.794, udl eac mfnh d l tifu bilu sau - Tdi cd t h l mugn mgt s6 tiln Idn ttr ngudi thin gip khd khan (0.817) - Cd vii ngudi tdi rit tin tudng gitip tdi giai quylt nhtrng vin d l khd khin (0.490) Kit qua cho thay nhin t l "von x i hgi bac clu" giai thfch dugc 47,461% phugng sai; nhin t l "vln x i hfi rang budc giai thich dugc 9,48% phuang sai Nhu vgy ca nhin to giai thfch duoe 56,8% phuang sai Nhu vay, ta thiy ring ngudi sir dung facebook trfn smartphone lim gia tang eac mli quan hf xa hgi, gia tang von xa hfl dugc ggi l i von xa hdi bac eiu (bridging social capital) Sinh vien rit d l ding, "thoing" viec kil ban tren facebook: "Tif minh su dung smartphone, cOng dong nghia minh s(> dung nhiiu m^ng x§ hgi Thi minh thay, so b^n ngoii ddi eita minh cung thay dSi theo va so ban ao tr&n mang xa hgi thi ngiy eing ting Minh cd thi kit ndi, lim quen vdi rit nhiiu ngwiri mdi tif mgi not trdn thi giai So ban facebook cOa minh idn din so tren 2.000 ngutii" (NO' sinh vi§n, Dgi hgc Hoa Sen, nam Cong nghf thdng tin) Hay mdt sinh vien khac chia se: "Tif dOng smartphone toi danh nhiiu thin gian di tham gia cic hoat ddng trdn face eQng nhir danh nhieu thdi gian di Iwdi face han nen cung theo dd mi s6 Iwgng b^n be tren facebook cua tdi ting din, da so nhO'ng ban be trin facebook cua tdi li nhu-ng ngwai khdng quen biit " (Nam sinh vien, nim 4, Dgi hgc Luat) Qua eac trao doi trfn, ta thiy mang xa hdi tao nhu'ng quan h§ mdi m i nhO'ng nha nghifn ciru ggi l i nhO'ng °lign kit y l u ' (weak ties) Dti vay, vln bae ciu l i rit quan trgng vifc tao su tin cgy x i h$i (social trust), TAP CHi KHOA HQC XA HQl so (2221 2017 mdt t h a n h to k h o n g t h l t h i l u - DI nhien giua tinh co d a n va tinh viec phat trien c i c cdng d o n g nhiit nhat cd t u a n g quan manh Ben c a n h 299; p = 0.000 d d , sir d u n g smartphone qua facebook c u n g giup cung c6 c i c m o i q u a n he b i n v i r n g , lau d i i nhu vdi ngu gia dinh, ban be, ngon r = - NhO'ng n g u d i nghien Ihi cung dimg n h i i u I h d i gian tren smartphone r = 0,101, p = 0 c h u y e n m d n goi la "udn xa hdi rang b u d c " (bonding social capital), n h u ta t h i y a cac chia se sau minh dung Anh no trao chl em nhwng Irong chiing ''Thwang doi ban be gia dinh minh la than xa van than thiet " - Nhung ngu'di nghien smartphone khdng phai la n g u d i co ban n h i l u ua luong quan !i nghieh (khdng cd l u o n g quan giira chi sd nghien va sd ban be (r = - 049, p ^ 333) (Nu- smh vien, n a m Cao d i n g Kmh - Khong I h i y co t u o n g quan giu'a chi t i D o i ngoai) Hay "76/ Ihwiyng lien lac s6 cd d o n va sd ban Iren facebook (r vdl gia dinh Ihan va ban be la nhieu la smh vien thudng goi dien vi be chu thi facebook yeu vi ban nen - N h u n g giu'a chi so tinh nhtit nhat ua cho gia dinh Ban s5 qua tuong ia tro truyen " ( N a m smh vien, nam , Oai hoc Lual) • Van di hwdng = 0,007, p = 0,881 di hoc xa nha ban cd luang quan quan, nghieh nhung la nghia la Cd nhu'ng n g u a i cang nhiit nhat Ihi cang it ban (r = - 0.176, p = 0 0 ) nghien smartphone va anh ciJa nd doi vdi quan he xa hdi sw CO dan, linh nhut T d m lai so smh vien s u dung smartphone n h u n g n g u d i cd tinh cd don, nhat nhut nhal la nhdm ngudi sir N g h i e n c u u da d i i n g cac thang de dung nhieu, de bu dap s u thieu sdt smartphone, giao tiep the gidi thuc, ho s u tinh c d d a n , nhut nhat (xm xem phan dung smartphone de giao tiep vdi t h l phuang gidl ao, dong I h d i xem ludng viec phap nghien nghien ciru a tren) N h t r n g d i e d i l m t i m ly cung thay doi t h e o cac Ihudc tinh nhan khau - smartphone n h u ta mot cong cu bii t r u , giai tda s u cd d o n , nhiit nhat qua cac c h u c nang giai tri xa hdl cua n g u d i SLI- d u n g 3.3 A n h h u d n g e i i a v i e c s i r d u n g K i t q u a cho I h i y smartphone - Chf s d n g h i e n s m a r t p h o n e c d t t r a n g ddi v d i viec hoc tap cua s i n h v i e n q u a n t h u i n va c d y nghTa v d i chi s d cd d a n va chi s d nhut n h a l lan l u o t r = 180, p = 0 0 , va r = 189, p = 000 Co nghTa li nhtrng ngudi I h t r d n g c a m thay c d d o n , hay l i n h tinh nhut nhat ihi nghien s m a r t p h o n e n h i i u han T r o n g p h i n chung tdi tim h i i u ca y k i l n giang vien va smh vien ve anh h u d n g ciia uiec sii' dung smartphone ddl v d l viec hoc t i p Ve phia giang vien, "Trudc khdng danh gia cao viec day su' tdi dung NGUYEN XUAN NGHlA VA NHl£U T A C G I A - smartphone sinh vien, nhung viec hoc tap cua dan dan co Ihay doi cue nhu SINH V I £ N VA PIEN THOAI giup hoc ngoai ngir, tra ciru thdng l i n , hd t r a noi dung t h u y l t Mot sd smh vien sCi dung smartphone I r i n h , giup sinh vien l u u trtr, t i i p can de tai lieu n h a n h lam b i i , tra ciru tu trinh trinh bay Powerpoml mot so sinh dung sich trao dSi cac thic smartphone vai giang biet t u tham khao Hay chia se cCia mot giang vien i^hac "Tdi co mdl Grammar, itng dung nghien ciiii dung s m a r t p h o n e la d i phuc vu hoc Learn thdng tin, tai lieu hoc tap; % smh Kids vien cd sir dung cac phan m e m van Skills cua ban n h u W o r d , Excel, Powerpoml tren hoc tro choi phdng Toca giup Lab tre em thi nghiem nghi sir dung smartphone cd ich cung , 68,5% vien smh Nhung cho mat ring khac, viec tim k i e m , doc tai lieu tren m a n g lam smh Toi vien mat dan thoi q u e n t i m t i i lieu va cho doc saeh (in), , % smh vien cho ngu' r i n g viec nghien s m a r t p h o n e cb anh nguai h u d n g x i u va r i t xau len viec hgc tap, tin nhanh chong giup dung cap nhat Ihdng smartphone cho viec hoc tap, cu the la hoc ngoai va da dang, se giup ich nhieu cho smh vien theo nganh lioc Ve phia smh vien, , % cho rang s u vi du hoa hoc Iheo hinh anh cac Smartphone Smartphone co Learn English (fng dung khoa soat cac van ban b i n g t i i n g Viet l a p ; % d i m g s m a r t p h o n e de luu tru' app/phan My Word Book hodc Premier bntishcouncil thay kiem m a n hinh han c h e , khd danh nhanh mem so hoc ngoai nga cho iphone, English nd cung cd tac dong hoc, chiem nhieu t h d i gian neu ichdng " (Giang uien, n a m , day m d n nhung tieu c u e , vi n h u lam mat lap trung P h u o n g phap nghien cu'u) hien diln true mdc vien, hay lam bai (duoc tai lieu) sw hay tai lieu m ma dung tiep cac files iwu tru' tren de thuyel vien khong minh , % smh vien dong y ua rat dong y cac v d l y kien c h o rang "smartphone lam dang sa silt viec hoc l a p " , , % smh vien (Giang vien, n u , day Anh van) ddng y va rat dong y udi y kien N h u n g cung nhieu giang uien noi d i n "smartphone lam m i l tap trung n h u n g lieu c u e "Tdi thay han che Idn uiec hgc tap va cdng uiec" nhal la sinh vien khong nghe bdi giang facebook, check tap trung D e CO cai n h i n tong h o p , chiing toi Smh vien cd the len dung phan tich n h i n to v a i 11 cau hdi mail, doc tin tue Ddy la han che rat Ion va han che khdc khong lieng the ddnh nhanh cic Viet (hien smh vien dimg loi danh (xem Bang 5), nhieu man hmh nhd kho van doc, Sau diJng p h u o n g phap nhan t l ve ban cac anh h u d n g cua smarpthone den Ihuang Telex)" (Giang vien nu' day mon T a m ly hoc) T o m lai theo nhan xet cua giang vien smartphone co n h u n g anh h u d n g tich smh uien t u 11 m e n h de thi ta thu d u o c nhan to q u a n t r o n g , dd la (Mhan td bao g d m cac m e n h d l a) M a n g tinh giai tri cao, b) Phuc vu nhu cau hoc tap va lam viec, c) Giam TAP CHi KHOA HQC XA HQl s6 1222) 2017 27 Bang Ma t r f n p h i n tich n h i n t l anh hirdng ciia smartphone c a c nh#n d|nh v l nh&ng i n h hu'dng chl phoi \dn ca nhan Nhan t6 Mang tfnh giai tri cao 0.784 0,181 Phuc vg nhu c i u hgc t i p va iam vi$c 0.770 0.160 G i i m stress 0.734 0.143 Ket ndi d mpi liic mgi noi 0.710 089 c a c ijng dgng giiip tilt kigm chi phi 0422 276 Sa sul vifc hgc t$p -0,133 0.776 Tdn k6m tien bac 0.159 0.669 Mat tap trung hoo t i p , cflng vi#c 0.186 0.629 Tdn nhieu tho-i gian 0,367 0.619 Anh hudng den s&c khde 0.251 0.581 Hgn che giao tiep tri,rc tiep ( m i t ddi m i t ) 198 0.561 % Phuong sai 35 010 13.966 Ghi chi Phuong phip xoay nguySn goc cac nhan td Varimax procedure; chf sd KMO= 0.837 cho thiy co y nghTa phSn tich nhan to ia tot va thich hgp Ngudn: Kit qua khao sat ctia de lai, thing 11/2015 stress; d) Kit noi g mgi luc mgi nai; e) Cic irng dung giup tilt kifm chi phi Nhin to bao gdm eac mfnh d l : a) Sa silt vifc hpc tap; b) Ton kem tiln bgc; c) M i l tap trung hpe tgp, cong vifc; d) T i n nhilu thdi gian; e) Anh huang din sCrc khde; f) Han c h l giao tilp tryc tilp (mat doi mit) Dira v i o nhO-ng dilm gidng cua eic biln nam nhin td, chimg ta dif ten cho nhin t& 1: "NhO'ng anh hudng tich cue cua smartphone dli vdi ngudi sir dyng" Nhan to 2: "Nhting anh hudng tieu cue cua smartphone d l i vdi ngudi su dgng" Kit qua cho thay ca nhan to giai thfch dugc 48,976% phuang sal, va nhin to "NhO'ng anh hudng tfch cue cua smartphone dof vdi ngudi sii' dyng" gfai thich duge so phuong sal Idn han: 35% so vdi 13,9% ciJa nhan to "Nhtrng anh hudng tieu eye" Cronbach alpha ciia cic biln nhin t l 1: a= 0.762 ; nhin to 2: a= 0.747 v i deu > 0.7, ndn ca nhan t l diu chip nhin dugc Kit qua, nhan to "Nhtrng anh hudng tfch cue cua smartphone doi udi ngudi su dyng" giai thich duac s6 phuong sai ldn hgn: 35% va nhan t l "Nhtrng anh hudng tieu cue' ehi giai thfch duoc 13,9% phuang sat Tdm lai, ed nhieu sinh vien dinh gii anh hugng tich cue cua viec sir dung smartphone trfn ca hai binh difn quan he xa hfi v i vifc hgc tip VAI NHAN XET NGUYEN XUANNGHIAVANHIEU TAG GlA - SINH VlENVAOieN THOAI Qua cic dtr lieu trinh biy, rd rang smartphone cd tie dfng len quan hf xa hdi v i viec hpc tgp cua sinh vien Nhung, vdi ly thuylt quyll djnh lufn ky thuft cua M fVleLuhan, quan nifm ring ylu t l ky thuft hoin toan chi phil iJng xir, quan hf cua ngudi xa hpi, thi dilu niy mang tinh cue doan, vi ngudi l i nhO'ng ehu the ty Con ngudi dugc ty quyit djnh su dung hay khdng cic kJ thugt, v i mgt cdng nghe mdl ngudi ty chgn lya nhu'ng tinh ning phCi hgp vdi nhu clu ciia minh Cho din nay, vdi nhO'ng hgn chi da neu tren, smartphone chi l i mgl cdng cu ho trg cho viec hgc tgp, nd chua ed thl hoin toin thay t h l chile laptop co diln Nhung tuong lai, vdi nhung cai tiln, vdi su gpn nhe so vdi laptop, vdi tat ca linh ning hgi tu ehi mft thill bj (all in one), cd t h l su" dung mpi iiic mgi noi, smartphone cd the trd mgt cdng eu quan trpng khong t h l thilu vifc hoc tip, vifc tgo cic quan he xa hdi eiia men ndi chung v i nhit la doi udl sinh uien De sir dyng smartphone mdt cich tfch cyc hon cho vifc hpc tap, ta cin suy nghT dilu cd tao nen bit binh ding khdng d l i vdi nhO'ng sinh vien ngheo? Nha trudng v i x i hfl phai trang b| them nhtrng dilu kifn gi (vf dy, wifi mien phi v i mgnh )? Gaeh hgc tap va giang dgy cin nhung thay dli gi? Nghfen ciru tren da neu vai suy nghT, nhung chua day du, ein phai duoc dio siu them Pham vi nghfen ctru de t i i chi di>ng lai a vife nghien ci>u anh hudng ciJa vifc su dung smartphone din hgc tip va quan hf xa hpi eua smh vien mdt s i trudng dai hoe thuge dja bin TPHCM, vi vay khach the eQng nhir dig bin nghien ciru cdn nhilu han chl, nhti'ng nghifn cO-u khic sau can phat triln tren nhO'ng 3\a bin khic, vdi cic nhdm khieh thi khic d l cd thl di din nhi>ng nhan t^nh tong quit han; v i can dio sau them nhiJng cich thuc, nhO'ng md hinh hpc tip va giang dgy mdi nlu smartphone trd mdt d n g cu khdng thl thilu djnh chl giio due Q CHO THICH '''PDA (ti4ng Anh Personal Digital Assistant) la cSc thi4t hi cam tay von dugc thiet k4 nhif mgt cudn s6 tay ca nhan va cang tich hgp them nhieu chii'c nSng M^t PDA co bSr thir&ng c6 dfing ho, so l|ch, s6 !^a chi, danh saoh ui$c clin \dn\ s6 ghi nhg v i miy tinh b5 tui "' https //en wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphone ^'Ngu6nhttp//vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quan_h%El%BB%87_x%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i, 'Vi dg, hlnh anh smh vi6n sir dgng smartphone dl thuyet trinh, d l tham khao lii li^u Nhi lam bai, liy hlnh anh de thio luan nhom '^'Str phan loai ke thifa nghifin ciiu cila Nguyin Xuan Huy (2012) vdi cau hdi sau "Up luan nao sau day phCi hgp nhit dl migu la thai dd ctia ban v l vigc su dyng Smartphone (chi TAP CHI KHOA HQC XA HQl s6 (2221 2017 chgn mot phuang an tti igi phii hgp nh^t voi ban)", voi bon phirang an tra igi: Hi#n nnieu ngugi str dung smartphone thl tfli cOng str dgng va t6i chi can smartphone tjlnh nuong, 2, Smartphone phai iam cho doi s6ng ciia lol trd nen d l dang va tang hifu rang iam vifc cua t6i, Smartphone ph^i phan anh vi t h l cOa I61, no la mOt db vat di dfli vfri tfli Smartphone cua tfli p h i i cd dLrgc nh&ng cflng nghf m i l nhit, tfli thich kham pha nhirng cong ngh$ mdj ^ '^' Chung IOI chuyin ddi tCr biln thii' bac biln ty s6 theo cSch lam ciia N.B Ellison C Steinfield, C Lampe "The Benefits of Facebook "Fnends Social Capital and College Students Use of Online Social Network Sites", Jot/ma/ of Computer-Mediated Communication 12,2007: 1149 T A I L i g u TRlCH D A N Bourdieu P 1980 "Le Capital Sociar Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales Vol BO Thdng tin v i T r u y i n thSng - Trung tam Internet V i f t Nam - VNNIC 2010 Internet khu vwc vi thi gidi Xem t r f n T h i n g k f Internet http://www thongkeinlernet.vn/jsp/ thegiol/dnachat.jsp Coleman, J S, 1988 "Social Capital in Creation of Human Capital" Amencan Joumal of Sociology Vol 94, Supplement S95-S120 Do Hong Q u i n 2014 "Smartphone - bieu lugng vj t h l c i nhin?" Xem trfn Thanh nien online: ht^://wwv^ lhanhnien.com.vn/toi-chia-se/smartphone-bieu-tuong-vi-the-canhan-455855.html Ellison, N.B., Steinfield, C,Lampe, C 2007, "The Benefits of Facebook 'Fnends' Social Capital and College Students' Use of Online Social Nehvork Sites", Joumal of ComputerMediated Communication 12 Emarketer Report 2016 Vietnam Online- Digital Usage and Behavior, 2015-2020, Cfl t h l xem tren: https://www.emarkeler.com/Report/Vietnam-Online-Digital-Usage-Beha vior-2015-2020/2001971, truy c i p 26/12/2016 Kemp, S 2015 "Internet Statistics in Vietnam 2015 Including Social Media and Mobile", c6 t h l xem tren http://chabrol.net/2015/06/09/inlernet-staUslics-in-vietnam2015/; truy cgp 26/12/2016 K h i n h Ly 2014 "Smartphone g i l t c h i t nhO'ng cugc d l i thogi ciia ngudi", 2014 Xem t r f n VnExpress: http://doisong vnexpress.nel/photo/nhip-song/smartphone-gietchet-nhung-cuoc-doi-thoai-cua-con-nguoi-3093982.html, McLuhan, M 1994 Understanding Media' Extensions of Man MIT pressed 10 Naseef, M 2012 Digital Omnivores, Social Media and Social CapitalInteractions Using Smartphones in Stockholm University of Stockholm 11 N g u y i n X u i n Huy 2010 Social Media and Brand Aivareness Expatriates Case Study of Samsung Smartphone at HCMC, MBA Dissertation of University Gloucestershire, LIK 12 NguySn X u i n NghTa Huynh Thj Diem Phudc 2014 "Facebook u i v l n xa hOi Khao s i t mgt s i nhdm n i f n lai TPHCM" T^p cUl Khoa hgc XS hdi so 6(190) 30 NGUY£N XUAN NGHIA V A NHIEU TAC GIA - SINH V I E N V A BIEN THOAI 13 Nielsen 2012 Nielsen Brand Symposium X e m tren Slideshare: http://www.slidesh are.net/BuiHang/smartphone-insights-2012-nielsen, 14 Park, N Hyunjoo Lee 2014 Natuns of Vouth Smartphone Addiction Konkuk University 15 Putnam R D 2000 Bowling Atone Newyork: Simon & Schuster 16 T r i n HO'U Quang, 2006 Xa hgi hgc bio chi TPHCM: Nxb Tre in Korea ... (Kiem dinh X^ lan luot la, X^ = 21, lim tong quan tu lieu de l i i da chgn va minh hoa cho eac phan khic V i cull cimg, ehiing tdi diing quan sit bang giac quan va edng cu miy mdc (vi nhu miy anh)... smartphone, cOng dong nghia minh s(> dung nhiiu m^ng x§ hgi Thi minh thay, so b^n ngoii ddi eita minh cung thay dSi theo va so ban ao tr&n mang xa hgi thi ngiy eing ting Minh cd thi kit ndi, lim... tie dfng len quan hf xa hdi v i viec hpc tgp cua sinh vien Nhung, vdi ly thuylt quyll djnh lufn ky thuft cua M fVleLuhan, quan nifm ring ylu t l ky thuft hoin toan chi phil iJng xir, quan hf cua