Joumal of Science of Haiphong University | VoL 04, No 19, pp 124 130 MOT SO KT THUAT OANH CIA QUA TRJNH TRONG DAY HOC KTTHUAT 6 DAI HOC Pham Hong Khoa'''' Tdm tat lien tue dinh hddng, dieu chinh hoat don[.]
Joumal of Science of Haiphong University | VoL 04, No 19, pp 124 -130 MOT SO KT THUAT OANH CIA QUA TRJNH TRONG DAY HOC KTTHUAT DAI HOC Pham Hong Khoa' Tdm tat lien tue dinh hddng, dieu chinh hoat dong Dda tren ed sd li ludn vl danh gia qud nh|n thfle Danh gid qua trinh la mdt cdeh trinh, bai \iet dfla mdt sd ki thudt thfle hien tiep can mdi kilm tra, danh gid Cach danh gid qua trinh day hpe Mdi ki thuat ddnh gia tap trung vio vile ddnh gia Uen ed mue dich, each thflc tien hdnh vd thdi diem tue cac thdi diem cua qua trinh day hgc sfl dimg khac Dl thflc hien dflpe danh vdi mue tieu thu nhdn thdng tin ngflpe de gid qua trinh day hpc ki tiiudt, giang dieu chinh edeh day, each hpc, phat trien ki vien cdn nam vflng eae ki thuat danh gia va ed nang danh gia cho cd gian^vien (GV) vd SV sfl phdi hpp gidng day de cd nhflng hfldng tdi ehuan kien thflc, ki nang can dat nhan dinh chinh xac, dfla dflde dinh hddng Nhflng dinh hddng dieu chinh edn dda tren dilu ehinh dung dan ^^^ ki tiiu^t thu thdp, xfl li thdng tin TU khod: ddnh gid qud trinh, ki thuat ddnh gid qud trinh tiiuat Md dau Qud trinh hgc tap efla smh viln (SV) ngdnh ki thuat la qud trinh linh hgi kiin thUc, ki ndng vd bUdc ddu hinh thdnh ki xdo liin quan din mgt nghi nhdt dinh Qua dd, SV hodn thien nhdn edch noi ehung, hinh thdnh vd sudt qud trinh day hgc (gpi ehung Id cde ki danh gia qua trinh), ddde GV thdc hien ^^ ^^^ "^^"^ ^"^^ ^^ T)haji thfle, tiin bd hoc tap cfla SV Thflc hien cdc ki thuat danh gid qua trinh de cd dflde nhflng thdng tin can thiet, hflu ich cho viec danh gid la mpt cdng vile khdng de thfle hien Bin eanh nhiJng ki thudt ddnh gid phdt trii'n nhdn cdch nghi nghiip noi rieng nhfl bii kilm tra, bii tap ve nhd ehiing tdi Trong qua trinh hpe tap efla minh, SV ngdnh gioii thieu mgt sd ki thuat danh gia qud trinh ki thuat phdi tiep thu mdt khdi lddng kiln cd kha nang phu hpp vdi viee danh gia SV thflc ldn bao gdm kiln thflc cd bdn, kiln thfle ngdnh ki thuat cd sd vd kiln thflc chuyen ngdnh Ngoai vile j Noi dung nam vflng dinh nghia, SV cdn phdi hiiu ban 2.1.Ki thuat sd dung hSsU hpc tap trUctuy^n chat qud trinh, nguyin li boat ddng vd tfl duy, _ ^^^ ^f,h: H6 sd hpc tap trfle tiiyln Id sdng tao van dung vao thfle tien De nang cao ^^ ^dp nhflng edng viee, san phim, dilm sd hieu qua qud trinh hpe tap, SV can phai dflde ^ j ^ b y qua trinh hpc t|p efla SV dflpc ~ ThS., Trung tam ThUc hanh Id thuat TRddNGOAl HQC HAI PHONG sap xep ed mue dieh vd cd td ehfle Pham Kong Khoa moi trfldng Internet Hd sd hpe tap trflc tuyen giup GV hieu SV dl ca biet hod boat ddng 2.2 Kl thuat ddnh gid kien thdc da co (kien thdc nen) giang day, tao thuan Ipi cho ho^t ddng hpc tdp - Muc dieh: Ki thuat dflpe sfl dung dl cfla SV Ddng thdi, giflp SV nhin nhdn lai tim hiiu kiln thflc SV da dflde hpe, ddpe tim chinh ban thdn minh dl ed sfl chfl ddng hieu, ehuan bi tfl trfldc ldm ep sd eho viec tiep hgc tap, cung nhfl tfldng tac trd lai vdi GV dl thu kien thflc mdi Qua dd, giup SV he thdng khang dinh minh va giup GV hieu chinh xac lai kien thflc ca ban da dflpe tieh luy lien quan hdn ve SV Vile sfl dung hd sd hpe tap trflc den bai hgc mdi vd GV xde dinh dflpe diem tuyin giup eho vile danh gid eua GV dl dang, bat dau hieu qud nhdt Hien nay, giang thu^n ldi hdn GV cd the thflc hien danh gid, day dai hpe, vile kilm tra, nhac lai kiln thfle dda nhan xet dieu chinh d eae khdng gian lien quan den bai mdi cdn nhilu han che GV va thdi gian khac chfl khong bd hep khdng thfldng xuyen thflc hien viec kiem tra pham vi gid len ldp Hd sd hpc tap trflc bii eu ddi vdi SV Dilu niy dan tdi vile GV tuyin eho phep SV nhan dflpc nhflng khd xae dinh dflpe Idpng kiln thflc da cd cua SV de lim cd sd trang bi kiln thflc mdi vd SV phan hdi cua GV - Cdng cu: Wikisapaces - Md td ki thuat: GV sfl dung cdng cu wikispaees de xay dflng ho sd hpc tap trflc tuyen cua SV qua trinh hpc tap hpe phan Mdi SV si ed m^t trang riing Wiki de tong hpp eae san pham, bii ldm vd diem dat ddac qua trinh hpe tap Trong trang Wiki eiia minh, SV tfl vilt thu hoach, nhflng suy ngam, vfldng mac qud trinh khdng td danh gid ddpc mflc dp kiln thfle eua ban than Vi vay, vile thddng xuyen ddpc danh gia kiln thfle da cd cfla SV la mdt dilu can thiet - Cdng Cd: Cau hdi trdc tiep, phieu phan hdi nhanh - Md ta ki thudt: GV ehuan bi he thdng cdu hdi vl cic khai niem, van de lien quan den ndi dung se hpc de ylu eau SV tra ldi hgc tdp; ghi lai nhflng gi minh da hpc dflde (ehfl ^ nhan manh ket qud tra Idi khdng dnh hoae ehfla hpe dflpc ve kiln thfle, ki nang, thdi hddng tdi kit qua mdn hgc m i ehi nham cua mdn hpe vd xac dinh edch dieu chinh giup GV vi SV xdy dflng dddc ke hoach day nhfl: dieu ehinh each hpe, can dau tfl them hoc hieu qud) Ket qud dflpc phan hdi thdi gian, can sd hd trd eua GV hay cdc ban bat dau bai hpc tilp theo nham giflp SV nhdm; GV ed thi bd sung cae ndi dung xae dinh nhflng edng viec can phdi ehuan bi nhdn xet, gdp y de SV td nhan nhflng thieu eho bii mdi sdt, ed k l hoach hpe tdp tdt hpn - Thdi diem sfl dung: Trong sudt qua trinh day hpc - Thdi diem sfl dung: Trfldc bat dau bai mdi Vi du: Trddc day ndi dung "Khdi quat chung ve hien tflpng phdng diln set" TAP CHf KHOA HOC Vol 04, No 19 - 11/2016 25 Mot so ki thuat danh gia qua trinh day hoc ki thuat ddai hoc GV ed thi dat cdu hdi yeu cdu SV trinh bdy - Thdi diem sfl dung: Neu mudn tim hiiu ve qud trinh hinh thinh thac dien tfl vi eae khd nang nam bat kiln thfle eua SV thi ed the dang phdng dien diln trfldng khdng sfl dung thdi gian cudi gid Neu mudn tim ddng nhat Mue dieh cfla cdu hdi ndy giup SV hieu thdng tin ve bai tdp ve nhd thi cd the sfl tai hien eae ndi dung kien thflc ve qua trinh dung dau gid hinh thinh thdc dien tfl, hien tflpng phdng Vi dp: Sau day xong ndi dung vl cae dien dien trfldng khdng ddng nhdt va giai doan hinh thdnh ddng dien set, GV sfl khdi phuc Iden thflc ca sd de linh hdi kien dung philu trd Idi nhanh nham xdc dinh sai thflc ve hien tdpng phdng diln set (cung Id lam nhdn thflc cua SV vl giai doan qua trinh hinh thdc dien tfl trdng phdng diln ehinh eua qua trinh phdng diln ididng vd phong dien diln trfldng set de eflng cd lai kien thfle tilt sau; giflp khdng ddng nhat) nhflng SV Ifla ehpn sai dilu chinh dl cd 2.3 Kithuatphdn hoi nhanh nhdn thflc dung vl giai doan phdng dien - Muc dich: Ki thuat dflpe sfl dung dl chinh (de tra ldi dflpc eau hdi philu, SV tim hiiu nhflng Iden thfle SV dd chilm linh can hieu dflpc giai doan hinh thinh phdng dfldc hodc nhflng khd khan ehda hieu rd dien set) ve bii hpe Ki thuat niy eung giflp eho GV xae dinh mflc dd tap trung chu y cua SV vao bii hgc vi khd ndng tfl ddnh gia cua SV viec phdn bilt eae ndi dung ehinh efla bii vdi ndi dung bo trp - Cdng eu: Cau hdi trdc tiep, philu phdn hdi nhanh - Md ta ki thudt: GV ed thi dait cau hdi dfla trln mue dieh mudn thu thdp thdng tin tfl phia SV sau hpc xong vl ndi dung quan trpng nhat nhan dddc bai hpe hoae vandl nao chda hieu rd dl ylu cau SV trd ldi Cdu hdi cd thi hdi trdc tiep tren bdng hoae qua philu phan hdi nhanh Thdng qua eau tra ldi PHI^U TRA L(5l NHANH Hp vatin: Cau hdi: Giai doan phdng dien chinh bat ddu ndo? Khi kinh phdng diln ehinh Iln tdi dam may Khi phan dien tieh cdn lai cua dam may cham dat Khi hinh thinh ddng plasma ndi liln kinh tiin dao dam may vi kinh tiin dao ngflpe chieu 2.4 Ki thuat sddung bdng dgc diem, cdu tao - Mue dieh: Ki thudt dddc sfl dung nham danh gia kha nang tai biln, nam vflng thddng dung nhflng ldp ddng, ndi dung khai niem cua SV hodc danh gid kha nang bdi gidng eung cap nhilu thdng tin, nhflng gid phan tieh kiln thfle quan trpng bii hpe thdo luan, kiem tra bdi tdp vl nhd Thdng qua bang dae diem, SV biet cdeh sap cua SV, GV giai dap, dilu chinh Ki thuat ndy TRUONG OAI HOC HAI PHdNG Pham Hong Khoa xip, td ehfle kiln thflc vi mdi liln hi gifla edc ndi dung kiln thfle - Thdi diem sfl dung: Ki thudt niy thddng ddpe sfl dung sau tim hieu mdt ndi dung - Cdng cu: Bdng dae dilm, sd cau tao khuyet mdi cd tinh hai mat Vi du: yeu cau SV thilt ke chdng set - Md ta ki thudt: GV xay dflng bang dac cho mpt phjim vi can bao vl, GV eho SV lilt dilm vdi hing va cot dflpe dinh danh, phan ke cdc thdng sd ki thuat, til dd Ida chgn loai khdi niem, ndi dung quan trpng, dien phfldng dn tdi flu vao bdng Sau xay dflng xong, GV xdy 2.6 Kl thuat sddung bdn tuduy ddng bang mdi tddng flng nhflng de trdng - Muc dich: Ki thuat nham danh gia cae thupc tinh, d|c dilm de SV diln Hoae cd kha nang sap xep, ket ndi cde ndi dung kien the sfl dung sd dd eau tao khuyet dl SV dien thflc cfla bai hpe ndi dung - Cdng cy: Sd do, ban td - Thdi dilm sfl dung: Ki thudt thddng - Md td ki thuat: Ki thu|t niy ylu eau SV dddc sfl dung sau mdt bai gidng, mdt nhilm ve mgt sd chi mdi liln kit gifla cde ndi vu td hpe, thao luan dung kien thfle da dflde hpc, ddpe thao luan, Vi du: Sau day xong ndi dung "Li td tim hiiu Qua dd, SV cd edi nhin bao qudt, thuyet phan vung nang lddng vat ran", mach lac vl ndi dung kiln thflc vd danh gid GV yeu cau SV dien vao bang dae diem de each thfle he thdng efla minh vdi ban hgc phan loai vat ehat - Thdi diem sfl dung: Ki thu^t cd thi MiJfc nang lifcTng vung cam f)i|n moi Ban dan Vatdan dflpe sfl dung sau mdt bdi giang, mdt ngi dung tfl hgc hoae kit hpp trinh bdy thao luan nhdm Vi du: Sau day xong ndi dung vl bdo 2.5 Kl thuat sd dung bdng thuan led/ khd khdn vl chdng set danh thing de tong hdp kiln - Mue dieh: Ki thuat niy nham danh thfle liln quan, GV yeu cau SV ve sd dd tfl gia kha nang phan tich ve tinh hai mat cua kit ndi kiln thflc lien quan din viee bao van dl, phan tich gidi phdp ki thuat thay ve chdng set danh thang Qua dd, SV tfl minh he thdng dddc kiln thflc da hoe the efla SV - Cdng eu: Bdng thudn Idi/khd khan - Md ta ki thudt: KT thudt ndy ylu eau SV 2.7 IG thuat phdt hiin va gidi quyet vdn de - Mue dich: Ki thuat ndy danh gia ki nang chi dilm thudn lpi, khd khan cho mdt van phdn tieh, phdt hien vdn dl, mflc dp hieu eae dl ddpc dat Trln ed sd phdn tieh, SV dda nguyin tae va xdy dflng cac gidi phdp de giai nhdn dinh, Ida chpn tdi du quylt vdn dl - Cdng cu: Cau hdi tinh hudng, bai tap tinh toan, thiet ke TAP CHl KHOA HOC Vol 04, No 19 - 11/2016 27 Mpt so ki thuat danh gia qu^ trinh day hpc ki thuat ddai hoc - Md td ki thudt: GV yeu eau SV van dung - Thdi dilm sfl dung: Cd thdc hi?n kien thflc da hpe, da tim hieu de gidi quylt van qua trinh thao luan hoae sau thao lu^n dl thfle tiin Dang ylu cdu cd thi la bai tap 2.1 Q.IG thudt quan sdt - Muc dich: Ki thuat nham ddnh gid mflc tinh todn thiet ke, bai tap ve nhi Thdi diem sfl dung: Ki thuat niy nhdn thfle, bieu hien vl thdi dd hgc tdp efla thfldng ddac sfl dflng sau kit thfle mdt SV Tuy theo muc dieh ddnh gia md GV dinh ndi dung ldn hfldng quan sdt - Cdng cu: Cac tieu ehi quan sdt, edu hdi 2.8 Ki thudt ddnh gid Idm viic nhom - Mue dieh: Ki thudt ndy nham danh gia dim thoati ki nang phoi hdp, lam viec thed nhdm cua SV - Md ta ki thuat: GV thflc hien vile quan - Cdng cu: Phieu danh gia thdo ludn nhdm sdt cac hoat ddng hpc tap cua SV hoae trao - Md td Id thuat: Ki thuat dflpc xdy dflng ddi, phdng van trfle tiep/gian tiep vdi SV Cae bieu hien, hinh ddng efla SV dvtgc GV quan dddi dang bang hdi de thu thdp thdng tin phan hdi ve qua trinh hpc tap, hpp tde gifla sat vi tap hdp lim ed sd de dda nb^n dinh cdc thinh vien efla nhdm Cdc thdng tin cdn ve mflc dp kien thfle, thai dp, dpng ed hpe tap danh gia thddng Id tinh kl hoach, tien dp so Dl ed nhan dinh tdt thi GV phdi hoach dinh vdi muc tieu, khdng lim viec, ehat lddng trddc nhflng dau hieu bdn chdt va xem xet bfii npi dung thdo ludn, vai trd efla cde viln canh todn diln, nlu khdng se de cd nhflng - Thdi diem sfl dung: Cd thfle hien qua trinh thdo ludn hodc sau thdo luan 2.9 IG thudt tu ddnh gid Idm viic nhdm nhdn dinh chfl quan, khdng dflng ban chat - Thdi diem sfl diing: Ki thudt co the dddc sfl dung d mpi thdi dilm day hpc - Mue dich: Ki thuat nham ddnh gid 2.11 Ki thuat dat cau hoi - Muc dich: Sfl dung cdu hdi la viec lam Id nang td danh gia eua SV qud trinh tham gia lam vile nhdm Tfl viec tfl danh gid thfldng xuyIn efla GV, ki thudt ndy nham SV ren luyln ddpe ki nang danh gid vd td ddnh gid vile linh hdi kiln thfle, mflc dp ddnh gid hieu bilt, khd ndng eiia SV Dat eau hdi eung - Cdng eu: Phieu td danh gid ldm vile nhdm Id cdeh dl GV gdi md, hddng dan, thdeh thflc - Md td ki thudt: Ki thuat dddc xay ddng SV tim hiiu tri thflc dddi dang bdng hdi de thu thap thdng tin - Cdng eu: Cau hdi phdn hoi ve qua trinh tham gia thao luan eua - Md td ki thudt: Tuy theo muc dich can ea nhan nhdm Cde thdng tin can danh thu thdp thdng tin m i GV Ifla ehpn edu hdi gid thddng Id tinh thdn tham gia, nang Ide ed phfl hpp Thdng qua ki thuat ddt cdu hdi nhan, kha nang lanh dao nhdm qud trinh gidng d?y ma GV biet dflde SV dang gap khd khan d ddu, cdn hd trp ndi dung ndo, bdng each nio Ddng thdi, giflp cho SV 128 TRdONGOAl HQC HAI P H O N G Pham Hong Khoa td ddnh gia bdn thdn va ddnh gia ban hpe cua SV phu hpp vdi dinh hddng ddi mdi each thong qua edu tra ldi day vd hpc "lay ngddi hpe lim trung tdm" cua - Thdi dilm sfl dung: K! thuat ndy cd the nganh giao due De trien khai thfle hien tdt, ngddi GV can nam vflng cac ki thuat tren vi dddc sfl dung d moi thdi diem day hpc, Muc tieu eiia danh gid qua trinh li dl GV nam dflde mflc dp tiep thu bii giang eua SV nham tao nhflng thay ddi qud trinh day va hpc Cdc ki thudt quan sat vd thao ludn ldp hpe cung ed vi tri quan trgng ben e^nh ede phan tieh bdi kilm tra, bai tap ve nhd cd sd phdi hpp nhip nhang eae ki thuat bai giang Sfl dung nhflng ki thuat se li eo sd de GV cd nhflng nhan dinh, danh gia ehinh xae mflc dp dat ddpe eua bii giang Tu'j' theo kit qua ddnh gid, gidng viln ed thi quylt dinh thay ddi each giang day hodc gifl nguyen each giang hien tai vi tinh hieu qua Ddnh gid qud trinh khuyin khieh GV sfl dung phdi hop ki thudt dat cdu hdi vd quan sat Ddy dddc xem la cd hdi de lam tang them kiln thfle va ndng eao sfl hiiu bilt eua SV Tuy nhiln, edn Idu y nhflng cau hdi dddc dat cho SV phai mang tinh td va ddi hdi phdi hieu bai sdu sac hdn la nhflng edu hdi ddn Trdn Kieu (Chu biln) (1997) Doi mdi phUdng phdp day hgc d trUdng THCS, gian, mang tinh sd kien Sau dat cdu hoi phai cho SV du thdi gian suy nghi dl trd ldi Tai lieu tham khao Pham Minh Hac (Chu biln), Tran Kilu, Dang Bd Lam, Nghiim Dinh Vy (2002), Gido due thi gidi di vdo thiki 21, NXB Chinh tri qude gia, Hd Ndi Vien Khoa hoc giao due Nguyen Trgng Khanh (2009), Chuyin de cau hdi Kiem tra ddnh gid day hgc ki thuat, Tii Ket luan De ehat Idpng giao diie ngdy cang di len, lilu danh eho hpe viln sau Dai hgc ban than mdi GV phai tfl tim cho minh mdt cdng nghiep phfldng phdp danh gid tieh cdc va phfl hdp vdi chuyen ngdnh LL&PPDH Ki thuat Angelo, T.A., and Cross, K.P (1993) thde tien, tfl dfla ddpe kit qua chinh xae, Classroom Assessment giup SV td tin hpe tap Trong qua trinh Handbook for College Teachers, 2nd ed gidng day, GV cd nhieu ed hdi dl danh gia tinh hinh hgc tap cua SV, tfl sfl dung dfl Techniques: A San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Andrade, Heidi & Ying Du (2005) lilu thdng tin ndy dl tao nhflng thay ddi cd Student perspectives on rubric-referenced ldi eho vile day - hpc Viec van dung danh gia assessment qua trinh Id mdt xu hddng mdi, mang tinh Research & Evaluation, J0(3) (Available: kha thi eao vi phfl hpp vdi ylu eau ddi mdi http:// gido due hien Hinh thfle danh gia PAREonline.net/getviJ.asp?v=10&n=3) Practical Assessment, phat huy tinh tich ede cua SV, vi sd tiin bd TAP CHl KHOA HQC Vol, 04, No 19 - 11/2016 129 Mot so ki thuSt danh gia qu^ Irinh day hpc ki thuat ddai hgc Black, P and Wiliam, D (1998) Inside the black box: Raising standards through classroom assessment Phi Delta Kappan, 80(2):139-148 (Available: http:// www.pdkinti.org/kappan/kbla9810.htm.) Formative and Summative Assessment, Prepared for Gleneoe/McGraw-Hill by Interactive Edueationat Systems Desing, Inc, New York,NY http://www.assessment-reformgroup.org/ STRATEGIES FOR FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT Abstract Based on the theory of formative assessment, this paper presents some strategies for formative assessment in teaching Each of the strategies has a different purpose and method, and is used at different times To use formative assessment well in teaching engineering, the teachers should understand the strategies and combine them in teaching in order to get correct assessment and adjustment Keywords: formative assessment, formative assessment strategies (Ngay nhdn bdi: 31/5/2016; Ngdy phan bien ddnh gia: 10/6/2016; Ngdy duylt ddng: 20/6/2016) TRI/ONGDAI HOC HAI PHdNG ... si ed m^t trang riing Wiki de tong hpp eae san pham, bii ldm vd diem dat ddac qua trinh hpe tap Trong trang Wiki eiia minh, SV tfl vilt thu hoach, nhflng suy ngam, vfldng mac qud trinh khdng td... de SV td nhan nhflng thieu eho bii mdi sdt, ed k l hoach hpe tdp tdt hpn - Thdi diem sfl dung: Trong sudt qua trinh day hpc - Thdi diem sfl dung: Trfldc bat dau bai mdi Vi du: Trddc day ndi dung... (1993) thde tien, tfl dfla ddpe kit qua chinh xae, Classroom Assessment giup SV td tin hpe tap Trong qua trinh Handbook for College Teachers, 2nd ed gidng day, GV cd nhieu ed hdi dl danh gia