C C Gidc L H Dang L H Hilng/Tbytc trgng phat trien ndng Itfc to chucdgy hpc thi nghiem hoa hpc THirC TRANG PHAT TRIEN NANG LU^C TO CHlTC DAY HOC THI NGHIEM HOA HQC CHO SINH VIEN NGANH Ctr N H A N SlT[.]
C C Gidc.L H Dang L H Hilng/Tbytc trgng phat trien ndng Itfc to chucdgy hpc thi nghiem hoa hpc T H i r C TRANG P H A T TRIEN NANG LU^C T O CHlTC DAY H O C THI NGHIEM HOA H Q C C H O SINH VIEN NGANH C t r N H A N SlT P H A M HOA H O C Cao Cir Glac "*, Le Hai DSng *^', Ly Huy Hoang '^' Khoa Hoa hoc, Trudng Dai hoc Vinh ^ Khoa Hda hgc, Tntdng Dgi hoc Suphgm Hd Ndi ^ Khoa Hoa hgc, Trudng Dgi hgc Dong Thdp Ngay nhan bai 08/3/2016, nhan ddng 20/7/2016 Tom t3t: D& nling cao chat lugng ddo tao sinh vi£n su pham hda hgc, ddp tmg yeu cau doi moi can ban vd toan dien ciia giao due thong, viec nghien cuu thuc ttang phdt trien ndng luc to chiic day hgc thuc hanh thi nghiem hda hgc Id can thiSt va quan ttgng D6ng gop se nang cao chat lugng giang day va hgc t^p ciia sinh vign su pham boa hgc a ttuang dai hgcttonggiai do?n hien Bskt vkn de Hoa hgc la mon khoa hgc thuc ngMem, do thi ngMem hoa hoc (TNHH) d6ng vai tto rat quan ttgng ttong viec cung cap kien thuc, ren cde ki nang (KN) cho hgc sinh (HS) Tuy nhiSn, tten tbye te, vi nhieu U khach quan vd chu quan, viec to ehue day hgc (TCDH) TNHH vin c6n nbi8u ban chi vd dugc thuc Men mgt each doi Mgt ttong nhiing nguySn nhan cua tinh ttang la ki thugt tien hanh tbi ngM?m (TN) cua giao vi6n (GV) chua tot, KN lua chgn phuong phap su dung TN chua bi8u qua Vi vay, ttong qua trtnh dao tao GV boa hgc, doi hoi gidng viSn phai hinh thdnh va phdt trien cbo sinh vien (SV) cdc KN ti6n hanh TN, ttong d6 KN lua chgn phuong phap su dung TN hieu qua edn phai dugc chii ttgng De c6 co sa cho viec phat trien nang luc TCDH TNHH, tiirae tiSn phai tim hilu cac KN lien quan dSn TNHH ma SV da dugc ttang hi ttong qud trinh dao tao Vi vay, viec ngMSn eiiu thuc ttang phdt trien ndng luc TCDH TNHH cho SV nganh Cii nhan Su pham Hda hgc a cdc truong dai hgc e6 ddo tao su pham Id nhiem vu quan ttgng vd cdp tMet Mdt s6 van de li lu^n 2.1 Thinghiem vd vaitrocua thinghipn trongdgy hgc hda hgc - Theo Td- diin Tiing Viet thi TN c6 ngbia Nghia thu nbdt: "Gdy mgt hi$n tuang, mgt su bien ddi ndo diiu kien xdc dinh di quan sdt, tim hiiu, nghiin cuu, kiim tra hay chung minK' [4; tt 938]; nghia Ihii hai: "Lam thudirdt kinh nghiem" Theo Tie dien tie vd ngie Han Viet thi TN Id: "Van diing nguyin li vdo thuc hdnh de xem cd diing khong" [3; tt 87] - Trong day hgc mon Hoa hgc, TN la phuong tien true quan 1dm edu noi giiia 1^ tiiuySt vd thuc nghiem, rhn luyen cde KN thuc banh, phdt bien m va nang cao 16ng tin vao khoa hgc, gay hiing thii cho HS Nhu vay, cung voi ly thuySt, TN hda hgc c6 vai tto het sue quan ttgng ttong nghien cuu khoa hoc ciing nhu ttong day hgc hoa hgc Ai hgc hoa hgc ma chua bing lam TN hoac quan sat TN thi co the xera nhu chua hgc m6n bdabgc [7; tt 318-321] Email: caocugiacvinhuni@gmail com (C C Giac) Tntdng Dgi hpc Vinh 2.2 Ndng luc tS chiic rf^y Ajw thi Tgp chi khoa hpc, Tgp 45, So 2A (2016) tr 14-19 nghi^ - Pham tru ndng luc dugc cac nhd ngMen curu dua nMeu dinh nghia khdc Tuy nM6n, n6i dung bai vi6t ndy, chiing ta e6 tii6 higu ndng lye la kha ndng tiiye hien cd ttach Miiem vd Meu qua cac hdnh dgng, giai quyet cac nhiem vu, van de ttong nhung tinh huong tiiay doi thugc cdc ITnh vue ngh6 ngbiep, xa hgi hay ca nhan ttSn ca sa hilu biet, KN va kinh nghi6m cung nhu su sdn sang hanh dgng [1; tt 68] - Nang lye TCDH TNHH Id mgt ttong nhung ndng lye dac mil day hoc m6n boa hgc Nang luc TCDH TNHH gom cdc nang luc thdnh phan sau: nang luc bilu diln TN; nang luc lua chgn nOi dung va phuong phap sii dung TN, ndng luc ket hgp loi n6i klji ti6n hanh TN ttong day hgc [5; tt 15-17] Viec tim mfit edu tnie diy du va diing ddn cho tung ndng luc Id kho, la cong viec dang quan tam ciia cdc nhd If luan day hgc hda hoe ed kinh nghiem O day, chiing t6i chi de cap dSn mgt so bieu hiSn cua nang luc TCDH TNHH: -1- Co KN chuan bi dung cu, hoa chat diing, du va phil hgp voi TN; -1- Tien hanh TN an todn, thdnh cong; + Dat van de de HS MSu myc dfch cua TN; + Bi^t huong dan HS quan sat hien mgng TN; + Biet can cii vdo muc tieu, noi dung cua bdi hgc vd trinh cua HS de lua chgn TN vd phuong phdp su dyng TN phb hop: siJr dyng theo phuong phdp ngMSn cuu, phuong phap phat hiSn va giai quyet vdn de, phuong phap kiSm chiing, phuong phap d6i chung; + Co kha ndng m6 ta TN mgt each khoa hgc, ngdn ggn, su dung dung ng6n ngii hoa hgc; + Biet each dat cau hoi huong dan HS quan sat, lam TN, rut k§t luan Thurc tr^ng phat triln nang luc to chirc day h9c thi nghiSm hoa hoc cho sinh vien nganh Sv pham Hoa hgc 5.7 Muc ^ch Meu tra - Tim hieu nhimg nang luc day hgc tiiong qua cdc KN day hgc can trang bi cho SV nganh Su pham Hoa hgc o truong dai hgc; - Thdy dugc muc tiidnh m^o eua SV Su pham Hoa hgc ve nhung KN su dung TN dh TCDH hda hge a truong tinng hgc thong Do la nhiing ca sd &h dinh huong ngMSn ciiu, de xuat cdc bi?n phdp phdt ttien ndng luc TCDH TNHH, gop phan nang cao chat lugng giang day va hgc tap ciia SV Su pham Hoa hoc a tiirong dai hgc 3.2 Phuong phdp Meu tra - Gui true tiep phieu dieu tra cho GV vd SV, thu phieu dieu tta g6p y; - Su dyng cong nghe thong tin lay ^ kien gop y De thuan Igi qua ttinh dieu tta, xu U vd phan tich dft lieu, ehting toi da sii dung cong cu tao "BiSu mau" ciia Google Drive Sau tiiiet ke xong ngi dung phieu dieu tra, chung t6i gui duong Unk den GV va SV dS xin -^ kiSn v^ nhimg n6i dung da thiet ke, dii lieu dugc xir If bang nhimg ham cd san ttong phan mem Microsoft Excel 3.3 Tiin trinh Miu tra Trong nam hgc 2015-2016, chiing t6i tien hanh lay y kien tham khao cua 19 gidng 15 C C Gidc, L H Dang, L H Hiing / Thuc trgngphdt trien ndng lite to chuc dgy hpc thinghiem hda hpc viSn gidng da.y bg mon PPDH Hda hgc va 218 SV nam tiui vd tiui a cdc trudng dai hgc CO ddo tao ngdnh Su pbjim H6a hgc, bao gom: Trudng Dai hgc Dong Thdp, Truong Dai hgc An Giang, Truong Dgi hgc Vinh, Truong Dai hgc Su pham Ha Ngi, Trudng Dai hgc Su pham Hd N6i DS thuc MSn nMem vu nghien ciiu, chiing toi tiiiet kS 02 mau phieu dieu tta, g6m "Phiiu diiu tra sinh viin" vd "Phieu xin j? kien gidng viin" voi be th6ng cac edu hoi tu chgn va danh gid miic d6 Voi nhiing cau hoi danh gid muc do, cac cau hoi CO ddp dn tra Idi dugc dua muc dg mang ung voi diSm so tii den 5, ttong miic Id mtte ft thdnh thao nbdt, miic Id miic thdnh tiigo nhdt Miic dg danh gid ciia khach till dugc xdc dinh lidng diSm s6 tt8n thang di8m tiieo cdeh tinh diem tinng binb e6ng - nghia Id t6ng so diem ciia moi cau ttd Idi dugc cMa cho s6 lugng khach thS dieu tta 3.4 Phdn tich kit qud Miu tra 3.4.1 Nhiing kindng dgy hgc can trang bi cho sinh viin ngdnh Suphgm Hda hgc Bi6u dh cho mdy nbftng KN day hgc cdn ttang bi cho SV ngdnh Su phgm Hoa hgc dugc cac GV danh gia nhu sau: 100% (19/19) y kien cho rdng can ttang bj cdc KN thuc hdnh TNHH, xdc dinh diing myc tieu kiSn thiic ca ban vd ttgng Idm cua bai hgc, lua chgn phuong tien day hgc phu hgp va tich eye, lua chgn va su dyng cac PPDH phii hgp voi ngi dung vd tiinh HS; 94^74% (18/19) ^ kiSn khdng djnh KN sii dung TN thuc hdnh hoa hgc vd KN khai tbac kiSn thiic co ban ttgng tdm cua bdi hgc la cdn thiSt cbo SV nganh Su phgm Hoa hoc Ben cgnh nhiing KN da neu tten, SV ngdnh Su pham Hda hgc cdn dugc ttang bi nhiing KN khdc nhu: KN ung xu, giai quyet tinh hu6ng su pham (17/19 y kien, cMSm 89,47%); co 16/19 y kiSn (84,21%) tan tiidnh vdi viec cSn tiiiSt phai ren luyen KN kiem tra ddnh gid ket qud hoc Idp cua HS; KN to chiic cac boat dgng ngoai gid len lop chi nhdn dugc 63,16% so y kien Cac Motog KNdiircbanh tbi [^hi^ hoa hoc l ^ l ^ H H H I ^ ^ ^ H ^ ^ ^ ^ l ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ lOOOOK Xac^nhdiuigfniKtieuIdin t h i i c c f f b a i i v ' i t r o n g ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H 100.00X Lua chon pfauong d&a day h9c phu h^p, tich cue f^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M lOO oo% L\ra ch^n va sur d^ing P?I% phu h ^ m ii$t dmtg, ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H lOD oox KN sur di^g thi n^iiein Qiirc hanh hoa hpc • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • I 94 li'H Khai thic ki&n thik ca ban, tam cua bai hoc • • • • • • • • • • • • • ^ ^ ^ ^ • • I ^ H 94.7aK KX ^ag xu, giai qiQ^t tinh hudng supham h g ^ ^ ^ m m m i g g g i i m ^ g ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ S9.47X Thi£tk^ cac hoat dong d?yh9C tich cue L g m ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ g KN kiiin tra danh gia k^ cpi hpc t|p cua HS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • i B H i ^AT\ 34 ZiK B^vln d^(mobai} vachuykycuabaid^ [ • • • • • • ^ • • • • ^ • • • • • l 78.95K KX nhan xet, danh ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ • ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ • • • H 73.6SK Tdchu!c^khiJnho9td6ngdayhoctroagmoigKi jl^HH^BII^HHIHI^^BH 68-4M KNtd chiic cac ho^tdpngngoai giolenldp ^ ^ H ^ ^ H ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H 631GK t\{i% ox 10K20X30K40K50HGO%70KgO%90% lOOK Bieu Nhihig KN day hoc cin ren hiy^ cho siiih vito n g ^ SU [diam hda hoc Chiing t6i tiep tuc tim hiSu nhung KN ndy se dugc ren luyen d nhung m6n hgc nao Qua diSu tta, chung tdi nhan thay cac KN day hgc can ren luyen cho SV ngdnh Su Tntdng Dgi hpc Vinh Tgp chikboa hoc Tap 45 So 2A (2016) tr 14-19 pham Hoa hgc t$p trung chu ySu vdo cdc mon, hgc nhu: PPDH hda hgc (19/19 y kien); cac mon ren luyen ngM$p vy su pham thuong xuyen (17/19 y kien); TN thuc hanh PPDH hda hgc (14/19 y kiSn) 3.4.2 Ddnh gid cua GV ve nhimg ki ndng su dung thi nghiem to ckue dgy hgc cua SV suphgm hda hgc BiSu d6 cho tiidy k^t qua ddnh gia miic thao eua SV su pham hoa hgc vS nhiing KN sii dung TN TCDH hda hoe C^e KN cd gid tii tinng bmh cua diem danh gid Idn ban Id "KN trinh bay bdng khoa hoc, hgp IC\ "KN TN an todn vd thdnh cong", "KN lua chgn TN vd phieong phdp su dung TN phu hgp" Dieu ndy cho thay nhiing KN la kha thao ddi vdi SV Nhiing KN dugc ddnh gid cd gia tri tmng binh cua diSm ddnh gid h€ hon Id "KN biiu dien TN ket hgp v&i loi noi cm GV", "KN su dung hda chdt 77V", "KN hudng ddn HS khai thde cdc hien tugng TN di riit kit luan cdn thiit", "KN sang tgo each tiin hdnh TN\ KSt qua cho thay SV van chua tiidnh thao mgt sd KN, ckn duge liSp tye bdi dudng, phdt tiien KN tii^t 0" n ^ f n Ilia hf< ^ t*^ ^ ^ KN crinb biy bang khoa hoc h ^ S KN DlQ banh tU n g b i ^ an Coao va thinh c6iig I KN lua choD thi n g h t ^ v i phuong phq> su'dyng thi n^ii^mphti KN aia himh Ihi i ^ h i ^ diing quy tiinfa | KN chgn boa chit, each dan nbib hda chit, bio quan hoa cliit, pha hoa chit KN si^ xip cac ifttg cv, boa chit 0^ lim thi n g h i ^ I KN ch^n dyng cy dung, dii va pbii h ^ vA thi ngh KN siJr dyng (bing c^ thi Dghi^ KN d}t via d£ cua giao vKn de h ^ smh h i ^ myc dich dii n g h i ^ KN sang [^ each U ^ hinh thi n g h i ^ KN hinhig din hfc snih khai Ibac cic bifn KKjng thi nghihn d^ rot KN siildyag boa chilOu n g h i ^ KN b t ^ d ^ thi nghKtn ket b ^ ^-a Itn noi ciia giao VKD Biiiid3 {Mm trung biohmu'cd^ tbao cac KXsij: dung TNHH co chut d%'hpc GV danh ga 3.4.3 Ddnh gid cua SV vi nhung ki ndng sie dung thinghiem to chuc day hgc hoa hgc KSt qua khao sat cho thdy cde KN cd mdc tiidnh thao d muc trung binh bao gom: "KN biiu diin TN kit hgp vdi lai ndi cua GV\ "KN sdng tgo cdeh tiin hdnh TN", "KN su dung hda chdt", "KN dat vdn di cua GV di HS hiiu muc dich TN", "KN hudng ddn HS khai ihdc cdc hien tugng di riit kit ludn" Ngoai ra, SV kha thdnh tiiao cdc KN khdc (bi^u dd 3) Vi vay, viec tiSp tye hinh vd phat trien nhiing KN ndy bdng cdc bien phdp khdc la cdn tiiiSt, giup phdt tri8n nang luc TCDH TNHH C C Gidc, LH.Ddng.LH Hung/TTiuc trgngphdt tnin ndng luc to chuc dgy hpc tbi nghiem hda hpc sa sffdifngiliiitghilmhdahfc tSchfa d n h f c KN trinh biy bins khoa h ^ , lifp S EN chfn boa chit, cacb dao iibin boa cbil, bio quan boa chk pha boa chit KN ebon dyng cu Aing dii va phi) Inp v