3i NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG I d CHOC DAY HOC CAC MON TO NHIEN XA Hpl 0 n^U HOC THEO HOONG PHAT TRI^N NANG LOC HOC SINH TS Dirong Huy Cjfa Trirdfng Dgi hgc Ddng Thdp SUMMARY Organize learning to harness a[.]
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG 3i Id CHOC DAY HOC CAC MON TO NHIEN - XA Hpl n^U HOC THEO HOONG PHAT TRI^N NANG LOC HOC SINH TS Dirong Huy Cjfa Trirdfng Dgi hgc Ddng Thdp SUMMARY Organize learning to harness arui use appropriate methods to promote positive, learn self-knowledge, develop qualities and capabilities of students That capability arui practical skills, knowledge and use realworld connections Ability to develop innovative, self-learning, self-exploration of life in the environment lively arui practical The capacity that the study of Nature - Society is considered the primary potential to harness arui arouse the passion, the excitement ofstudent learning Keywords: Nature-Society, primary, capacity Ngdy nhpn bdi: 20/4/2014, Ngdy duypt ddng: 25/6/2014 Dat vdn d i Dgy hpe theo hudng ti'ch eye hda ngudi hpc, phit trifn ndng lyc hpe sinh (HS) 14 khuynh hudng tdt yiu giio dye hifn Trong cic mdn hgc d trudng Tieu hgc, Ty nhifln - Xa hpi (TN - XH) Id cic mdn hpc cd Ipi the vi nhieu ca hdi de td chiic da dgng hogt ddng hpc tip eho HS Dd ehinh Ii mdi frudng di giio vifn (GV) td ehUe dgy hpe, khai thic kiin thUe bii hpe, hudng ddn HS hpc tdp Ddng thdi sir dyng phuong phip dgy hpc nhdm phit huy tfnh tich cyc, ty chiflm ITnh kiin thUe, phdt ttiin phdm chdt, ndng lyc ngudi hpc Bii viit nflu cich td chUe dgy hgc cic bii TN-XH theo hudng idy ngudi hpe lim trung tdm nhdm phdt frien ndng lyc HS Day hpc phdt triin ndng lyc HS Myc tiflu giio dye theo tinh thdn ddi mdi 14: phit triin to4n difn ning lyc vi phdm chdt ngudi hpe Trudc hit Ii nhdn mgnh tgp trung hinh thinh "ning lye cdng din; ndng lyc thyc hinh vi v|n dyng kiin thiic vio thyc tiln" Phit triin ndng lyc Idmpt nhOng yeu cdu quan frpng, thi hifn rd nhit vifc dpi mdi myc tieu giio dye lin niy Ning lyc dupc hifu Ii sy vgn dyng tdng hpp nhiiu yiu td (kiin thiic, kT ning, thii dd, ddng co, hUng tiiU ) nhim thirc hifn cdng vifc cd hifu qua Quan nifm niy chi phdi toin bg cie yiu td cua qui frinh giio dye, tir npi dung, phuong phip din dinh gii kit qui hpc tgp Myc tifu phit triin ning lye nhim khic phye tinh trgng qud chii trgng,vio trang bi kiin thUe hin ldm, kinh vifn; ngudi hgc biit nhiflu if thuyit nhung thyc h4nh, v|n dyng kem Thi^c tifn dgy hpc dd chi ra, kiin thiic m4 ngudi hpc mudn dgt dupc bao gdm kiin thUc eo ban frong sdeh giio khoa, kiin thUe hiiu di vgn dyng tiong hpc t|p, lien hf vdi cic kiintiiirckhic, din kifn thirc rnd rpng di giii thfch vin di hpc tdp vi thyc tien 30 • TAP CHt THI^BIGlAO DUC-sd 107-7/2014 cudc sdng Dd Id nhitng ndng lyc hpc tip cdn hinh tiiinh vd phit tiiin eho HS a Phdt triin ndng lyc sdng tgo Nang lyc ndy dupe phdt trifn d HS thyc hifn nhifm vy hgc t$p GV d$t hogt ddng nhdm nhd GV thudng chpn td chiic bii hpc theo kiiu niy chdng tdi gpi li "Tnmg bdy- triin ldm" Tiit hpc cd thi diin ho$c ngoii Idp, thdi gian thyc hifn ndi dung bdi hpc khoing 10 din 15 phiit HS hoin toin chu ddng, sdng tgo kit qua hgc tgp ciia minh theo dinh hudng ciia GV San phdm hpc tgp ciia cie nhdm dupc trung biy gidng cudc triin Idm di ci Idp quan sit, nh|n xdt vi dinh gii ldn Cic bii cd tiii td chUc hpc kiiu ndy gdm bii vi Ri, Than, Ld cdy, Hoa (TN-XH, Idp 3) vd mdt s6 bii khic Vf dy td chUc day hpc Bii 45 Ld ciy (TN-XH, Idp 3) Phuong tifn td chUc hpc tip gdm cic logi li ciy HS mang din; cic td giiy A^ hodc td bla ho jc td ljch da su dyng; cupn bdng keo, bdt GV hojc HS chudn bi; phieu hpc t^p GV gpi y hudng dan hogt ddng nhdm theo nfi dung Phiflu hpc tdp: - Dgc npi dung sdeh gido^ khoa vd quan sdt hinh trang 87 df gidp HS nh§n biit m^t sd ( ^ diim vi li vi lim sinh y tudng sing tgp vfl ndi dung hpc t§p - Sdp xip Id cdy lin td gidy ho(^ td bio, td ljch Vifc niy yfu cdu nhdm hpc tdp thao lu§n di dua cich sdp xip cic Id tiieo mdt sd tifu chf hpp ly nhdt (Ii nhd, li Idn; Ii dii Id ngdn; li trdn, li hinh phirc tgp hodc li ciy rau, li cay hoa, li cdy cinh, li cdy gd ) - Viet thuyit minh vi cdch sdp xip vd trinh bdy cdc d(^ diem vi Id cdy cua nhdm Hogt ddng niy yfiu cdu nhdm HS phai bin Iu|n, viitti^mtdt 6k gidi thifu sin phdm theo cdch dd sdp xip Trinh biy sin phdm ciia minh nhu mdt thuyit minh triin Idm NGHIEN CLfU & UNG DUNG GV hudng din HS lip Ban giim khio (ttr dgi difn cdc nhdm) di ddnh gid sin phdm hogt ddng nhdm; gpi y cic tifu chi dUiii gii sin phdm yi diim cho timg tieu chf: sd lupng Id,tiduchf sdp xip, trinh bdy, thuyit minh Sau dd GV kit lugn, nhin xdt vd cdng bd kit qui dinh gii cho cic nhdm Cich hpc ndy phdt hiw dupc tfnh ehii dpng, tich cyc, ty giic, ghi nhdn kiln thUe vi ndng lye thye hinh ciia HS tir khdu chudn b) tim Id d nhi (Nhttng logi li nio? Tfn li cdy li gi? Hinh ding li? Miu sdc? cdy niy cd fch lpi gi? ) den khiu hpe tap trfln ldp HS phii bin bgc, thio ludn (nfu cich sdp xip cic li theo y tudng chung cua nhdm? Sip x€p cic li len tdrn bla theo fr|t ty nio? Thuyit minh gidi thifu sin phdm nhu thi nio? ) b Ndng lyc thyc hdnh vd liin hp thyc tiin Ddy li cic ndng lyc quan ttpng, HS dupc tryc tiep thye hifn ttong hpc tip Thdng qua ndi dung eic bii hpc, kifn thiic HS ghi nhin dupe vi thfl hifn Ii rdt sau sic v4 gdn gCti vdi thye tien cupe sdng cic em Hinh thUe hpc t§p mi GV thudng td chiie cho HS thyc hifn theo logi bii hpc niy gpi 14 "Trdi nghipm - cugc s6n^\ Bii hgc dupe thyc hifn ttong ldp hoic phdng thyc hinh HS dupc ttyc tiip lim cic dyng cy thi nghifm, thao tic, ghi nhgn hifn tupng, kit qui, giii thfeh vi rdt kit ludn theo hudng ddn ciia GV Vdi nhOng kiin thUe thyc tiln sinh ddng, da dgng cdng vdi vdn sdng phong phu eiia HS sg Ii nhttng hinh inh minh hpa, nhdm ciing ed vttng chdc kiin tiiUc bii hgc GV cd thi td ehUe dgy hqc theo hinh thuc niy vdi cic bii chii di VJt chit vi ning lupng, mdn Khoa hpc ldp 4,5 vi Nudc, Khdng (Khoa hgc, Idp 4) vi eic bii khic Vf dy td chUc hpc tdp Bii 20 Nudc co nhimg tinh chdt gi'i (Khoa hpc, Idp 4) Phuang tifn hpc tgp GV vi HS chuSn bi gdm: Phiiu hgc tip; chai dyng nude ldn, chai nhd, khay thiiy tinh, tim kfnh, miflng mut thdm nude, khin gidy, khdn bdng; dudng, mudi, cit sgch, ddu dn, rupu, ly, mudng, GV hudng ddn, td chdc nhdm HS nghien cuu cic tfnh ehdt eiia nudc: 1) Cd phdi nudc Id chdt long, khong mdu, khdng mui, khdng v/?_ Di tim hiiu tinh chdt niy, GV hudng dan nhdm theo Phiiu hpc t$p: - Ki tfn cic logi nudc mi em biit? (nudc mua, nudc sdng, nude ddng chai, nudc cdt, nudc oxi gii, nudc hoa, nudc ao ho, nudc miy, nudc ngpt, nude tuong, nude mdm, ) - Em biit d$c diim gl vi cic logi nudc vira neu trfn? (chdt Idng, cd miu hojc khdng cd miu, cd vi khic cd mdi ho?c khdng cd miii, ) GV gidi thich: vi m$t hda hpc, cic logi nudc neu fren ed thinh phdn va ti'nh chit khic bdi cic ehdt cd m§t frong nude Chi cd nudc cdt vdi thinh phdn gdm hai ngtyfin td Ii hidro vi oxi tgo nen nude cd edng thiic H^O Ii khdng miu, khdng mdi, khdng vj Viy, ndi nudc Id chdt long, khong mdu, khong mill, khong vj 14 nudc nguyfln chat, edn cic nudc neu fren khdng thda mdn cic tfnh chit niy vi ed cic chit khie frpn lin nfn cd mdu, ed miii, cd vi _ 2) Nudc khong cd hinh dgng nhdt djnh? Dfl nghifln cirutt'nhchit ndy, GV gpi y nhdm HS cdu hdi lien hf thyc tiln qua Phiflu hpe tdp: Trong cupc sdng cic em thudng thiy nude d noi nio? (sflng, kenh, rach, ao, hd, ) Ngudi ta thudng chtta nude ddiu? (bi, bdn, xo, thau, binh, chai, ) TU day, GV ydu ciu HS nhgn xft, nit kit lufn vi hinh dgng eiia nude: nttdc khdng c6 hinh dgng nhdt dinh, mi ed hinh dgng ciia bdt ky vgt nio ehUa nd Tiip din GV yflu cdu nhdm HS lim thf nghifm, quan sit: Nudc dyng frpng chai cd hinh dgng gi? Dd nude tir chai Iy, dd khay thiiy tinh, nude cd hinh dgng gl? Hir^ dgng cic khdi nude di, eye di Idn nhd khic 14 trgng thii rdn eiia nudc? HS ty rdt kit Iu§n de khdng dinh tinh chat khdng cd hinh dgng eiia nude sau lim thf nghifm 3) Tfnh chit nudc chgy tif cao xuong thdp, lan khdp mgi phia? Df hiiu r8 tfnh chdt niy, GV cho nhdm HS lim thf nghifm, quan sit: Dd nudc tren m$t tdm kinh df nghiflng? Dd nudc chai khay Ihiiy tinh? Diiu gl da xiy mi em quan sit dupc? Tifp dd GV yflu ciu HS: Lien hf nhQng hifn tupng thyc ti thfl hifn tfnh chdt niy eiia nudc? (trdi mua nudc chiy ttt mil nhi xudng, nudc chiy tir s4n nhi dudng, nudc chiy sdng, rgch, cdng rdnh, thic nude, nude chiy ttt hd thiiy difn ) Tu (^y GV gpi y HS kf nhttng iing dyng eua eon ngudi vf tinh chdt niy ciia nude dfl khic sau kiin thuc 4) Nudc thdm qua mgt so vgt7 De lim rQ tinh chdt niy GV gpi mdt sd hifn tupng: Di 14m khd nude trfln mit bin, sin nhi, hay eic dyng ey khic, ta lim gi? Khi di dudi trdi mua chung ta thudng lim gi? Mii nhi thudng lim bdng chit gi? Vi sao? Tri Idi cie ciu hdi niy, HS hiiu rO hon vi tinh ehdt ciia nude vi y nghTa vifc su dyng ciia eic vgt dyng sinh hogt cudc sdng Sau dd nhdm HS sfl tiiyc hinh nhttng diiu mi minh da suy nghT vi nfu tinh chit eiia nudc dk khdng djnh sy hiiu biit niy 5)Nudchda tan dugc mgt sd chdt? GV d$t vdn dh cho cic nhdm HS 14m thf nghifm nghifn cuu: Cho mdt It chdt dudng, mudi, cit, diu an, ruputidngvio eic ly khic Dd nude vio cic ly, dung mudng khudy diu? Quan sit, hoin tiiinh Phiiu hpc tgp (ten chdt, hda tan, khdng hda tan, nh|n xdt) HS Wnh biy kit qui tiif nghifm, rdt kit ludn vi tfnh chdt cCia nudc GV yflu ciu HS nfu mdt so hifn tupng vi Ung dyngtinhchdt TAP CHl THlfTBIGlAO DMC-S6107-7/2014 • 31 NGHIEN Ciru & UNG DUNG niy eua nudc trqng ty nhifn, sin xudt v i ddi sdng dye Uxai difn HS Phdi hpp giio dye ly tudng, truyfln cPhdt triin cdc ndng lyc khde thdr^ dao due, ldi sdng vdi ning lyc vd ky ndng thyc Bang cich td chUc hpc tgp tiieo kiiu "Trung bay - hdnh, van dyng kiin thUc vio thyctidnsg mang Igi chdt trien ldm" hay "Trdi nghipm - cugc sdng", GV dd tgo lupng vi hifu qui gido dye Ddng thdi, tao diiu kifn vi diiu kifn cho HS bpc Id ning cua minh Thdng thue ddy phit trien ndng sing tgo, ty hgc, khuyin qua hogt ddng hpe tgp nhiiu ning lyc ciia HS dupc khfch hpc tip sudt ddi cho HS hinh thinh vi tiii hifn: ndng lyc ty hpc, ti; nghifln eUu tim tdi, ndng tu sing tgo; ning lye thyc hanh, Tdi lifu tham khao thi nghifm, ning lyc lifln hf thye tifn cudc sdng; nang lyc boat ddng nhdm, nang lyc thuyit trinh; nang lyc Bp Gido dye vd Dio tgo (2007) Ty nhiin dinh gii vi ty dinh gii vi cic nang lye khac Xd hgi va phuang phdp dgy hgc Ty nhien — Xd h^i Ket lugn (lgp 2).nXB Giio dvc Cich dg^ hpe chi tgp trung trang bi kien thUc cho Bd Gido dye vd Ddo tgo (2006) Ddi mdi ngudi hgc cin dupe thay thi bdng each td chiie dgy phuang phdp dgy hgc d tiiu hgc NXB Giio dye hpc hirdr^ tdi vifc rfn ning lyc cho HS TU dd, giiip Bg Giio dye v4 Dio tgo (2006) Ty nhiin vd HS biit cich ehu ddng ty hpe vi hpe theo nhdm, v|n dyng kiin thiic vio thyc tiln, hinh ning lye ty Xdhgi lap 1,2,3 NXB Giio dye Bp Giao dye v i Dio tgo (2008) Khoa hgc lap quin ban thiii vi ty quan theo nhdm, Idp p614 nhttng bifn phip thiit thyc gdp phin nang eao chit lupng giio -#,5 NXB Giao dye lllllllllllllllllllllDlllltlllllllllllllllll lllllllllllllllllltlllllllllllllllllllllllllllKIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII GIRI PHHP PHfll HUP CUHG C R P H H A H L I / C (tWp theo trang 23) ngi dung chuang trinh ddo tgo phu hgp vdi quan trgng li sy phdi hpp gitta co sd dio tgo vi DN ndng lyc vd thi mgnh ciia minh Thyc te eho thay, ehua dupe quan tim Trfln co sd nghifn ciiu, tic gii nhung nhi quin Iy DN hodn todn ed thi trd thinh da neu len thyc trgng sy phdi hpp gitta co sd dio tgo nhOng cOng tic vifln tin egy vi cd chdt lupng cho eic vi DN hifn nay, ddng thdi di xuit mdt sd giii phip cy thfl dfl nang cao ndng eung cap ngudn nhin lyc ea sd dio tgo 3.5 Td chuc cdc cugc giao luu giiia DN vi HS, cd chit luQmg eho cic KCN ttfn dja bin tinh Hi TTnh Khuyin n ^ i : - Bd GD&DT sdm hoin thifn v4 SV NhCtng budi giao luu niy thudng mang tinh ngogi khoi, khdng chiim vio quy thdi gian dio tgo, f ban hinh ca che hpp tdc gitta co sd dao tgo vi DN di vi thi rdt thi Thyc ti cho thdy, SV hUng thd triin khai thye hifn, tgo ca sd phip ly cho qui trinh vdi hogt ddng niy NhQng dinh gii, ldi khuyfln eiia phdi hgp gitta co sd ddo tgo vi DN thye sy cd hifu qui - Uy ban nhin ddn tinh Hi TTnh: Cin chi dgo nhi kinh doanh ed tie dpng giio dye rdt rd rft ddi vdi SV NhQng doanh nhin thinh dgt thyc sy Ii nhttng cic CO sd dio tgo ddy mgnh dio tgo theo don d$t hing cua cic DN; ting cudng thiic ddy sy phdi hpp tdm guong mi HS, SV phdn ddu noi theo 3.6 Tdng cudng hinh thuc ddo tgo theo don d§t gitta cic DN cic khu kinh ti Tdng cudng ddu hdng: Day 14 hinh thirc phdi hpp rdt hifu qui Cin cU tu cho cic eo sd dio tgo hogt dpng cd hifu qui, d}c bift nfln khuyin khich eic ca sd dio tgo cd sy phii nhu ciu sin xudt, DN ciing vdi ca sd dio tgo sogn hpp tdt vdi DN vi dupc cic DN dinh gii cao vi chdt thao chuang trinh ddo tgo DN hd tip kinh phi dio lupng dao tgo tgo vi frong diiu kifn eho phflp, cd thi eung cap thiet bi cimg logi mi DN dang sir dyng di ngudi hgc 14m quen ddn; Co sd ddo tgo td chUc tuyin sinh, dao tgo Tdi lifu tham khdo vi chju frach nhifm vi chdt lupng dio tgo; C4 DN vi UBND tinh Hi Tinh; Ki hogch thyc hipn CO sd dio tgo cimg tham gia kiim fra, dinh gii chuang trinh viic ldm ~ dgy nghi ndm 2014 vd nhiing Kit lugn vi khuyen nghj ndm tiip theo Sd 41 ngiy 08 thing 02 ndm 2014 Kit lugn: Thi frudng lao dpng ciia tinh Hi TTnh Bp Giio dye ddo tgo (2012): Bdo cdo sakit dang phit friin mgnh mfl, nhu cdu vi lao dpng ky cong tdc ddo tgo nhdn lyc cho khu kinh li VQng Ang thugt ciia cic DN vi nhi thiu li rdt Idn Tuy nhien Bp Gido dye ddo tgo ( 2013): Kyyiu hpi thdo kha ning dip Ung ngudn nhan lyc ciia cic ca sd dio xdy dyng di dn "Xdy dyng ca chi hgp tdc giita nhd tgo nghi cdn nhiiu hgn chi, frong dd ed nguyen nhin trucmg vd DN'' 32 • TAP CHl THI^BIGlAO DUC-sd 107-7/2014 ... sd dio tgo ddy mgnh dio tgo theo don d$t hing cua cic DN; ting cudng thiic ddy sy phdi hpp tdm guong mi HS, SV phdn ddu noi theo 3.6 Tdng cudng hinh thuc ddo tgo theo don d§t gitta cic DN cic... nghifm, thao tic, ghi nhgn hifn tupng, kit qui, giii thfeh vi rdt kit ludn theo hudng ddn ciia GV Vdi nhOng kiin thUe thyc tiln sinh ddng, da dgng cdng vdi vdn sdng phong phu eiia HS sg Ii nhttng hinh... ty hpe vi hpe theo nhdm, v|n dyng kiin thiic vio thyc tiln, hinh ning lye ty Xdhgi lap 1,2,3 NXB Giio dye Bp Giao dye v i Dio tgo (2008) Khoa hgc lap quin ban thiii vi ty quan theo nhdm, Idp