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NGHIEN CCrU & UNG DUNG HE THONG THANH NGff, TUC NGff CO CAC TIT CUNG T R U O N G NGHTA DUNG 1(AY DUNG BAI TAP DAY Md RONG VON TUTTHEO CHU DIEM d TIEU HOC ThS Huynh Kim TirtfngVI Truimg Bgi hpc Bong Th[.]
NGHIEN CCrU & UNG DUNG HE THONG THANH NGff, TUC NGff CO CAC TIT CUNG T R U O N G NGHTA DUNG 1(AY DUNG BAI TAP DAY M d RONG VON TUTTHEO CHU DIEM d TIEU HOC ThS Huynh Kim TirtfngVI Truimg Bgi hpc Bong Thip SUMMARRY There are close relationship between word meaning and topically teaching of vocabulary extension Topically teaching of vocabulary extension in primary school actually is teaching of word meaning using demonstrated objects (example sentences) or memo, further extension is association; it means that language is touch systematically Idioms and Proverbs have extremely advantages in the role of demonstrated objects, especially Idioms and Proverbs containing synonyms and similar sense words Idioms and Proverbs system that containing these synonyms is very copious and is ideal data base for developing exercise system for topically vocabulary extension in subject of "skills of word and essc^ " in primary school Tir khod: ngir li$u, thdnh ngjr t^c ngit, trudng nghia, luy?n tir va cdu, md rpng von tu Ngdy nh^tt bah 10/4/2014, ngdy duy^t ding: 25/4/2014 Moi lien hf cua trudng nghfa vdi vifc hda binh " (TVS, tap 1) LTVC cd cac bai MRVT day md rgng von tiJr theo chii diem phan vdi chu de: "Hda binh " (tudn 5) va "//«w nghi mdn Luyen tir va cau - hap tdc " (tudn 6) Cac chu d l n^y dugc bi6n TCr ton t?i dau ngudi khdng phai soan theo chu diem "Cdnh chim hda binh " Nhu la nhiing yeu td rdi rac ma la mdt he thdng vay, mdi chii dilm bai hpc ctta SGK thi phan Chung dugc sap xIp theo mdt hf th6ng lign mdn LTVC cd the cd cac bai MRVT theo cdc tudng nhdt dinh Gitta cac ttt vdi nhihig ttt khae chu de khae xoay quanh chii diem ay Hay cd mgt net chung lam ngudi ta nhd den nhihig vdi ehii diem Chim choc (TV 2, tgp 2), HS co the tu He thong dugc gpi la trudng nghTa, nd biet cae tir ng& gpi ten eac loai chim: chim son dugc tao ttt mgt tu mang nghTa goe Nhd quy ca (bai tap dgc: Chim son ca vd bdng hoa cue luat ma ttt dugc tich liiy nhanh ehdng ban trdng), dai bang, da dieu, bo ndng (bai tap dgc: Cung nhd quy luit nay, ttt mdi cd thl van dung Thong bdo cua thu vien vudn chim), sag, chim dugc ldi ndi Khi stt dyng, nhd he thong lieu dieu, chim beo beo, chim chia vdi, chim se, lien tudng cua trudng nghTa, hpc sinh (HS) ehim sau, chim tu hu, chim cu mdo (bai t$p dpe nhanh chdng huy dpng, lua chgn dugc tu ngir Ve chim), chim thien nga, chim ka puc (bii tap phu hgp vdi yeu cau giao tigp Day hgc md rpng dgc: Chim rung Tdy nguyen), cd, cuoc von til (MRVT) dugc xay dung dua vao cac quy (bai t^p dge: Co va Cudc), cac tir ngtt mieu ti hinh dang, mau sdc, tieng keu, hoat dgng cOa luat lien tudng khae cua trudng nghTa Bifn phap dupe sur dyng phd bien nhdt, cd mpt so loai ehim: chim dai bang chan vang mo dd, bay thign nga trdng mu6t, nhihig chim tinh chdt nguygn tdc MRVT d tieu hpc (TH) la MRVT theo chu diem Theo tung chii ko puc minh dd chdt va nhd nhir qua dt (bai diem bai hpe eua SGK cac tilt luyfn tir va cau tap dpe: Chim rirng Tdy nguyen) (LTVC) cung cd nhimg bai MRVT tuong ung Moi chii diem d day cung dugc xem nhu nhu vay Chdng han, d chu dilm "Cd«/( chim mpt ttt goc Ma theo dd, v6n ttt ngCS- ciia HS sS 10 TAP CHi THlfTBI GIAO OgC-Sd 105-5/2014 NGHIEN CirU & UNG DUNG nhung thyc te six dung TNTN chung ta van gap nhihig each dimg ng& cd sy bien doi bang nhilu hinh thue nhu; thay thl bdng tu cung nghTa, ttt gan nghTa, ttt cung tnrdng nghTa Cac hmh thue ngu dy cd thl phan cac logi: a TNTN dupe thay the bdng tic cung nghm: cac bien thg cd nghTa co ban khdng khae gi vdi y nghTa cua ngG goc, ma neu ed thi Din day ta thdy: vifc d^y MRVT theo chu chi khae d sdc thai phong each- bieu cam sac dilm cd lien quan mat thiet din hien tugng ddng thai cua tu ngft dong nghTa dugc thay the mang nghTa va trai nghTa ctta tir Chung ta da bilt tu lgi Vi du: dir nhu hum (khdu ngii") - dir nhu cpp dong nghTa va trai nghTa la hai hifn tugng xay (trung tinh); Gid mit gid diec (trung tinh) - gia giOa cac tu thugc cung mgt trudng nghTa Cac ttt dui gid diic (phuong ngu) v.v dong nghTa cung ndm mOt trudng nghia va b TNTN dirge thc^ thi bdng tir gdn nghTa: cd chung vdi it nhdt mgt net nghTa nao do, cae biln the TNTN loai ed y nghTa bieu dong thdi khdng c6 ngt nghTa nao logi trtt trung CO ban khdng cd gi khae vdi y nghTa bieu Trai nghTa la hifn tugng xay gitta eac ttt thugc trung ciia TNTN gdc Neu cd thi chi khae cttng mgt trudng nghTa Hifn tugng trai nghTa vl mttc dg stt dyng, hoac sdc thai bilu cam chi xudt hifn phSn hda mgt trudng nghTa Idn cac ttt ngtt gdn nghTa thay thg mang lgi Chang hai hay nhilu trudng nghTa nhd hon cd y han, mgt ngudi dang lay lia lia trudc mgt nghTa trai ngugc Hay ndi each khae, dong ngudi nao dd thi dung ngtt Igy nhu ti sao; nghTa va trai nghTa cd moi quan hf vdi nhau, la cdn vai nhu the thi ngudi ta s6 dung vdi nhu nhQng bieu hifn eye doan cua hai quan hf dong tisao cho phu hgp ngi dung thyc te can dien dgt nhdt va doi l^p m$t trudng nghTa VI le c TNTN dugc thay thi bdng tir ngic cung trgn, ta cd thl khdng djnh MRVT theo chu dilm trudng tir vung - ngu- nghTa: Cac cap TNTN cd cd lien hf vdi vdn dl trudng nghTa quan hf biln the trudc hit khae ve mttc Nhu v^y, vifc d^y HS MRVT theo chu dilm phd bien, quen dung Cac TNTN goc dupe d TH thyc chdt la dgy tu ngtt theo trudng bieu thdng dung hon Tuy nhien cac bien thl TNTN vgt ho$c trudng bilu nifm va md rgng hon ntta dugc tao kha nhilu trudng hgp stt dyng la trudng lien tudng, cung cd nghTa la day ngdn cd them sdc thai y nghTa phu va sac thai nhan ngtt theo hf thong Vi mdi quan hf nay, cac manh, sdc thai bilu cam d% phuc vy nhu cau dien ngtt, tyc ngtt (TNTN) cd chtta cac ttt cung dat cy thl tttng hoan eanh Chang han, de trudng nghTa chinh la mgt nguon ngtt lifu het danh gia ngudi nao dd la hien vdi thai dg coi sttc ly tudng dl xay dyng hf thong bai tap gdp trgng, ngudi ta dimg ngii^ hien nhu but, phan hinh tot hon von ttt vyng va each cd thai eoi thudng thi dung biln thl hiin nhu phong ddt Ttty theo sdc thai cu the eua mau ihuc stt dyng von tu d6 cho HS TH den va cua vat ma ngudi ta dung ngtt Noi TNTN cd cac tir ciing trudng nghia vl sdc mau den khae cua nude da, ngudi Theo each hieu da duge mpi ngudi edng ndi cd the dung ngu den nhu cu sung (hay nhgn thl ngQ la mOt loai td hgp cd djnh, cd tam thdt, ddng hun cpt nhd chdy, cudc, qug bin vung ve hinh thai - cdu tnic, hoan chinh, v.v ) Cdn ngu den nhu muc la ndi ve bdng bay ve y nghTa, dugc su dyng rgng rai dgm tdi mitmung giao tiep hang ngiy d$c bift la khdu ngu M$c dii mang tinh co djnh ve hinh thai- eau tnic d TNTN cd y nghTa gidng nhau: Cac TNTN dugc md rgng dan theo tu goc dd NghTa la mdt t^p hgp nhQng tir d6ng nhat vdi ve ngir nghTa da dugc hinh Qua dd, m$t trudng nghTa cung dugc t^o ngn nhd m6i quan he lign tudng giQa cac tii', sau hgc MRVT theo chii diem 63L cho Nhd the, von ttt ngft eua HS se phong phu, gdp phan phyc vy cho vifc hgc t|ip cac phan mdn va giao tilp mdi tnrdng hoat ddng Itta tu6i TAP CHiTHifTBiGlAO DMC-S6105-5/2014 • t l NGHIEN CUD & UNG DUNG cd y nghTa bilu trung gdn dugc dua trgn hinh anh lam co sd khae Neu ehung cd cdu true gidng thi cac td edu tao thugc cac trudng ttt vyng- ngu nghTa khae Vi du: ddu dua- cd ddu cd dudi; bira com bica chdo- bira no bira ddi; mdt sdng mdt mdi- mpt mdt mpt cdn- mpt sdng mpt chit; que cha ddt td- que hirong bdn qudn He thdng cac TNTN cd chua cic tir ciing tnrdng nghTa c6 the diing lam ng& lifu de x&y dung bai tSp MRVT theo chfl dilm phSn moD LTVC TNTN cd cac til cung nghTa Mat long mat da-mat Idng mat rudt; vao hang hum- vao hang egp; mieng hiim gan thomif ng egp gan thd; du nhu egp- dCr nhu hum; cudi len lung h6- cudi len lung egp; quan son mudn dam- quan son nghin dam; them nhd dai- them chay nude mieng; tre khong tha gia khdng thuong- tre chdng tha gia ehdng thuong; xuat khau thi- xudt khdu chuang; ngang bang so thdng- ngang bang so ngay; ich quoc lgi dan- ich nude lgi dan; ^ia mu gia diic- gia dui gia diec; dao non lap bien- dao nui idp bien; ndm dang chudi- nam ddng can; binh tudng manh- quan hiing tudng mgnh; dong h^i dong thuyen- cung hdi cung thuyin; rong chau tign - rong chau lac TNTN cd cac ttt gan nghTa Dau ddu nhdc dc - dau ddu buot dc; vg le thgm- vg mgn riSng; vg dudng cho huou chgy- vgch dudng cho huau chay; Idng dg- mat Idng mat da; bay muu tinh ke- bay muu lgp ke; com dum com ndm- com diim com gdi; chem to kho man- ehgt to kho man; bd mdi bdt bdng- tha moi bdt bdng; dd dai dd chupt- nOra doi ntta chuOt; Sn ndi that- an ndi thdng; an dung ngdi r6i- an dung ngoi roi; giiJa dudng dirt ganh- ntta dudng dirt ganh; het lua- thet lua; mang eon bd chg- dem bo chg; mat u may chau- mat u may e; bdng vay phai Itta- ngang vai phai Itta; ngSy nhix phongdimg im nhu phdng; tro mat Ieh- giuong mat Ich; dSy mau an phan- vay mau an phan; nhu ran mat dau- nhu ran mat ddu; lay nhu te sao- van nhu te sao- vai nhu te TNTN Danh dep bac- danh ddng dep tay; khinh nhu rac- khinh nhu m6; dat lanh chim dauduge ddt lanh cd dau; dau dudng xd chg- dau dudng cu6i chg; ddu cua tai nheo- ddu cua tai thay the Ich- ddu eua tai dia; mung nhu bdt dugc cua- mttng nhu bdt dugc vang; mua bom bao dgn- mua bom gid dan; venh rau cao- vinh rau trg; vS rdn them chan- ve ret them chan; bang ttt ngtt rudt de ngoai da- bung de ngoai da; qug ddi lot cdng- cu dOi l6t cdng; t6i mdt toi muitdi may tdi mat; long lang da thu- long lang dg sdi; tren trdi dudi dat- tren trdi dudi be; cung trdi danh vat- trdi danh dam; tren rang dudi dai- tren rang dudi kh6; ga hoa cudc- trdng ga hda cao; tdc ddt edm dui- thudc ddt edm diii- manh ddt edm diii; thoc cao ggo kem- cam cao ggo kem; chd nhay ban dOc- chd ng6i ban dpe; trai gid trd trdi- trai ndng trd trdi; nhat phdn phai huong- nhgt phdn phai son; khua mdi miia m6pkhua mdi^mua md;_an no vac nang- an no ganh n^ng; ciiai nhan dg the- cuu dan dg the; nhu dd vong- dd nhu dd ta; mua quan ban tudc- mua danh ban tudc; chiem khg miia thdi- chiem khe mCia ung; hien nhu but- hiln nhu phdng ddt- hien nhu cue ddt TNTN ail thua ndi thieu- an gian ndi doi; an dom ndi dat- an khdng ndi cd; ddu dua- c6 cd eung dau cd dudi; gdn ddt xa trdi- gan kl mieng Id; nhdm mdt bude qua- nhdm mdt lam nga; y nghTa an chung d dung- an chung d lgn; an song ndi gid- an to ndi Idn; bira com btta chaobua no bua ddi; mdt sdng mgt mai- mgt mdt mgt cdn- mgt song mgt chit; quan hoi v6 pheng- quan hdi vd lenh- hdn quan hdn quan; que cha ddt t6- que huong bdn quin; v5 mat ve may- td son diem phdn; chju ddm an xdi- co song c6 chit; bdt mui chua sgchmieng cdn hoi stta; tay hdm chia khda- quyln thu quyen bo; ke tam Igng ngudi nura can- mpt chin mpt mudi; gdp gid bao- tich tieu dgi (Xem tiip trang 31) 12 • TAP CHi THIET BI GIAO DMC-sd - / ... khdng djnh MRVT theo chu dilm trudng tir vung - ngu- nghTa: Cac cap TNTN cd cd lien hf vdi vdn dl trudng nghTa quan hf biln the trudc hit khae ve mttc Nhu v^y, vifc d^y HS MRVT theo chu dilm phd... ddt Ttty theo sdc thai cu the eua mau ihuc stt dyng von tu d6 cho HS TH den va cua vat ma ngudi ta dung ngtt Noi TNTN cd cac tir ciing trudng nghia vl sdc mau den khae cua nude da, ngudi Theo each... dan theo tu goc dd NghTa la mdt t^p hgp nhQng tir d6ng nhat vdi ve ngir nghTa da dugc hinh Qua dd, m$t trudng nghTa cung dugc t^o ngn nhd m6i quan he lign tudng giQa cac tii'', sau hgc MRVT theo