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NGHIEN Cl/U & UNG DUNG PHAT TRIEN PHUDNG TIEN DAY HOC MON THUC TAP OIEN TUT CO BAN THEO MO HINH TPACK TAI TRU0NG OA! HOC SU PHAM KY THUAT TP HO CHI MINH TS NguySn Thi Lirovg, ThS Bui Van H6ng Tnrdng B[.]
NGHIEN Cl/U & UNG DUNG PHAT TRIEN PHUDNG TIEN DAY HOC MON THUC TAP OIEN TUT CO BAN THEO MO HINH TPACK TAI TRU0NG OA! HOC SU PHAM KY THUAT TP HO CHI MINH TS NguySn Thi Lirovg, ThS Bui Van H6ng Tnrdng Bgi hgc Sir phgm ky thugt Tp HCM Mo hinh TPACK cua Tir m6 hinh TPCK cho thay Matthew J Koehler da xu4t hi$n cac loai kien thiic TPACK (Technological mdi dua tren ciic viing giao Pedagogical Content cua ba lo^i kiln thiic co Knowledge) 1^ s\r k§t hgp c6 ban diing dgc lap Trong do: - Tai vung giao giua tinh chat phiic tJip cOa ba lo^i hinh kien thiic khac la: PK va CK, kien thiic ve ngi kiln thtie v6 npi dung (CK), dimg sir pham (PCK) dugc kien thuc ve su pham (PK) va hmh Day chinh la y kien thiic ve cong nghe (TK) tirong \k kien thiic su pham [7] Nhu vay, TPACK c6 thS dugc su dung vao viec day dugc hieu 1^ "sy tich hgp ciia hoc mot ngi dung cu the - Tuofng tu nhu vay, tai kien thiic ve ngi dung su ph^m cong nghe." Syr tich hop viing giao giiia TK va nham phuc vu nhu cau ciia CK, chiing ta nhan dugc kien giang vien ve viec sii dung thiic ngi dung cong nghe cong nghe vao qua trinh (TCK) Day la kiln thiic vk day hgc ciia hg moi quan h? giua ngi dung * Mo hinh TPACK da dugc va cong ngh? Tiic la nhiing Mishra & Koehler (2006) phat kien thiic ve cong nghe dugc trien CO cau tnic dugc minh sii dung vao vipc day hpc mgt ngi dung cu the hga nhu a hinh - Tai vung giao giua Hinh J Cdu true cua mo hinh TPCK [7] TK vii PK, kien thurc su ph^mi cong ngh? dugc hinh thinh (TPK), nliSn manh su t6n tai, thinh ph&i va kha nang ciia cac loai cong ngh^ khac dugc su dung vi$c thiet lap qua trinh day hgc Hay noi each khac, day chinh la kiSn thiic ve su pham dugc sii dung viec ap dung cong nghe vao qua trinh day hgc - Cuoi cung, tai viing giao cua tat ca ba to tren la kien thiic ve ngi dung cong nghe su pham (TPACK) Thuc chat cua su tich hgp cong nghe vao tronjg day hgc chinh la nhiing hieu biet va dieu cliinh cac moi quan he giiia ba phan kien thiic Mpt giao vien co kha nang dieu chinh cac moi quan he dai dien cho mgt loai hinh chuyen mon khac Hon the nua, giang vien la mgt nha chuyen mon, mpt chuyen gia ve cpng nghe va mpt chuyen gia ve su phara Do do, day hpc hieu qua mgt chu de nao doi hoi giang vien co kien thiic nam vung giao thoa giiia ba npi dung, su pham va cong ngh? Cac chung loai phuong tifn day hQc Thirc hanh difn tu Ctf ban Trong qua trinh day hgc, phuong ti?n day hpc co the dugc phan loai theo cac tieu chi sau; - Theo hinh thiic, phuang tien day hgc bao gom: giao trinh va sach giao khoa; vat Ngdy nhan bdi 05/03/2013; Neay duyet dang 25/03/2013 TAP CHI THIFT BI GIAO DUC - SO 92 - 04/2013 • NGHIEN cuu &UMG DUNG that v i d\mg cy tao vat th^t; Trong do: mo hinh, tranh dnh v i thilt hi nghe nhm; tai li?u hgc tip danh cho giang vien va sinh vien; cac phuang tipn ky thuat khac tham gia vao qua trinh day hpc - Theo quan diem ciia cong nghp d^y hpc, phuong tipn day hgc la san pham nhan tao, gop phan tucmg tac giiia giang vien va sinh vien qua trinh d^y hpc Khi tham gia vao qua trinh day hpc d^i hpCj Hinh Cdc thdnh phdn kien phuang tien day hpc co the thuc ciia phuang ti?n day hgc dugc phan chia nhu sau: Th\rc hdnh dien tu ca bdn + Theo lich sii: phucmg tien truyen thong; phieong tien - Kien thiic ve Npi dung: hien dgi cac phan phuong + Theo loai hinh san pham: tien day hpc Thuc hanh dien phirang tien cimg; phuong tii CO ban, ngoai giao trinh va tai lieu hpc tap co chiia dung tien mem + Theo hoat dpng; phieong toan bp ngi dung thuc hanh, tien tuong tdc, phuong tien thi mo hinh thuc hanh vat ly va mo hinh thirc hanh ao cung khong tuong tdc + Theo quan diem true phai dugc xay dimg phu hcrp quan; phucmg tien thuc; vcri npi dung cua timg bai tap thuc hanh trpng chuong trinh phuang tien Tir cac tieu chi phan loai mon hoc Chang han: bai thuc tren day, phuong tien day hpc hanh lap rap mach dien chinh cac lop hpc Thuc hanh lim mpt pha, mo hinh vat ly va dien tii co ban bao gom cac mo hinh ao sir dung cho sinh vien thuc hanh lap mach chinh phan chinh sau: - Giao trinh thuc hanh, tai lim phai chira dung tron ven lieu huang dan thuc hanh va ngi dung cua bai thuc hanh sach tham khao - Mo hinh thirc hanh vat ly - Kien thiic ve Cong nghe: va mo hinh thuc hanh ao cac phan phuong - May tinh, projector va cac tien day hpc Thuc hanh dien tii CO ban phai the hien dugc dung cu ky thuat khac Cac phan iden tinh cong nghe Trong do, tai thiic chira phirong lieu hpc tap phai chiia dung ti€n day hoc Thurc hanh dif n day du cac thong tin v l ket cau mach dien, thong so ky t u cff ban Theo mo hinh TPACK, thuat cac linh kien dien tir su phuang tien day hpc Thuc hanh dung cho bai thuc hanh, quy dien tii co ban bao gom cac trinh thuc hanh va cac nguyen phan chiia dung dugc tac an toan thuc hinh m6i quan he cua kien thiic Mo hinh i o la buoc phat triln v l ngi dung - cong nghe - su cua viec iing dung cong nghe pham, nhu mmh hga a hinh thong tin day hpc Day l i • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 92 - 04/2013 l o ^ m6 hinh thiet bi thijc hanh sii dung cac phan mem mo phong chuyen nginh co tinh tr\rc quan v i tuang tie cao Khi thuc hinh tren mo hinh io, sinh vien co the lim quen \6'\ quy trinh thuc hinh truac luy?n tip tren mo hinh vat ly hoac cimg c6 the kilm tra hoat dgng cua cic mach di^n tu de so sanh vai kit qua thyc hanh tren mo hinh vat Iy Mo hinh v$t ly phii chua dung dugc cong ngh? che tao broad mach dien tir, nhu: chi tao mach in, lira chgn, bl tri va hin linh ki?n di?n tit tren broad mach Chang han; rno hinh vat ly sir dung cho bii lap rap mach dien chinh luu pha phai chua dung dugc cong nghe che tao mach dien chinh luu hoin chinh - Kien thiic ve Su pham; phuang tien day hgc Thuc hanh dien tir co ban dugc xay dung vua giii vai tro tuong tac vai sinh vien qua trinh thuc hinh de l i m trung gian chuyen tiep ngi dung hpc tap tur giang vien den sinh vien, vira giii vai tro cung cap npi dung hpc tap cho sinh vien nhu mpt giang vien tro giang Nghia l i sinh vien c6 the tu hgc v i tu nghien ciiu dugc tren cac thinh phan ciia phuang tien day hpc Vi du: tren mo hinh vat ly ciia bai lap rap mach dien chinh luu mpt pha phai chiia dung so nguyen iy va cac thong so dinh miic cua mach dien k i t q u a danh gia thirc nghiem Xay dung minh hpa va t6 chiic day hpc thuc nghiem phuong tien day hgc cho bai thuc hanh " L a p r^p mach difn tao xung da hM" chuong trinh mon hgc Thuc NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG hinh dien tii ca ban, thu^c khoa Dipn - Dipn tir, tnrdng Dai hoc Su ph^im ky thuat Tp Ho Chi M m h Phuang tidn day hpc chinh ciia bii thyc hiiUi bao gom: tii lieu huong din thuc hinh, mo hinh v | t ly v i phan mem mo phong mach dipn trSn m i y tinh, nhu a hinh Trong do: cac thinh phan nhu: vung the hifn m^ch dipn t&o xung thyc te dugc lap r i p hoin chinh, vimg tiie hien sa nguyen Iy inach dipn, vung tuang tic v i lip m^ich, cic thiet bi hiln thi ket q u i thyc hinh - Mo hmh i o dugc sii dyng cho sinh vien thyc hanh lim quen vai quy trinh lap m^ch, khio sit nguyen ly hoat dOng hpa, sau d6 dinh gii miic dp dat dugc cic muc ti6u day hpc theo bing Cic myc tieu dugc danh gia theo 4^ cap dg, tuong iing vai bon diem so nhu sau: K6m = 1, Trung binh = 2, K h i = 3, Tot = Ket q u i trung binh dinh gia ve miic dg dat dugc cac muc tieu ciia sinh vien duoc minh hoa d hinh KQS Mo hinh vM ly Hinh Thdnh phdn phuang tien day hoc cda bdi tap thirc hdnh lap rdp mach dien tgo xung da hdi Tai lieu hgc tap chiia dyng day du cic thong tin lien quan den bai thyc hinh, bao g6m: muc tieu d^y hpc, ijii^m vy thyc hinh, cac phucmg tiSn day hoc can thiet, ngi dung ly thuyet ciia bii thyc hinh, quy trinh hucmg din thuc hinh, phieu b i o cao ket qua thuc hanh v i cic ciu hoi kiem tra dinh gia - Mo hinh vat ly dupe sii dung cho sinh vien khao sit cau tao mach dien; thyc hinh lap rip, van hinh v i kiem tra mach dien Mo hinh chiia dyng cua mach dien v i so sanh danh gia ket qua thuc hanh tren mo hinh vat ly Mo hinh bao bom may vi tinh v i phan mem mo phong mach dien tii dugc cai dat san, nhu: Pspice, Oread, Multisim Phuong tien day hoc cua bai thuc hanh dugc to chiic day hgc thyc nghiem tren 70 sinh vien lop 101021 cua khoa Dien - Dien tu, truong Dai Hpc Su Pham Ky Thuat Tp HCM Giao vien cho sinh vien lam thyc hinh tren phuang tien da dugc xay dyng minh Qua ket q u i tnmg binh danh gii o hinh 4, c i bon muc tieu deu dugc sinh vien hoin a miic cao, cho thay phuong tien day hpc dap iing dugc muc tieu kien thiic va ky nang ciia bai thuc hinh C i bon muc tieu, sinh vien deu dat dugc tren 90% cho thay phuong tien dugc xay dyng dim b i o cic phan kiln thiic ve npi dung - cong nghe - su pham, qua giiip sinh vien de ding thyc hien bai tap thuc hinh Nhu vay co the khang dinh phuang tien day Thir t u m u c tiSu M d ta muc ti@u bM t h u c h i n h c^n d i n h gia Muc tieu Trinh bay cau tao v i nguyen ly hoat dgng cua mach tao xung da hai Muc tieu Lap rap, v i n hinh v i kilm tra msich dien theo quy trinh thyc hinh Muc tieu Xac dinh iing dyng ciia mach dien tren thyc t l Muc tidu Thyc hien diing quy trinh v i nguyen t i c an toan Bdng Kit qud khdo sdt muc ddp wig mifC tieu ctia mo hinh TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 92-04/2013 • NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG hgc Thyc hinh dipn ttr ca bin dugc xay dyng theo mo hinh TPACK hoin toin dip iing dugc myc tieu day hpc vi yeu cau ciia day hpc Thyc hinh dipn tu ca bin, nen c6 thi triln •L92 khai ip dyng vao thyc tl day hgc (Hinh 4) KET LUAN Ket qui thyc nghipm ciia phuong tipn d^y hgc dugc xay dyng minh hpa cho thiy, mire o.n dp d^t dugc cic myc tieu day hgc tuang doi cao Dieu •.87 budc dau da khang dinh dugc sy phii hgp cua phuang tien day hpc Thyc hanh dien tu CO bin theo mo hinh TPACK doi voi muc tieu day hgc, dac diem ngi dung mon hpc, dac ^' ,^ ^ diem nhan thiic ciia sinh vien »5f X* vi cic yeu cau ciia day hpc Hinh Muc trung binh dgt duac muc tieu Thyc hinh dien tir ca ban theo cua sinh vien huang tich hgp muc tieu day hgc Do do, phuang tien c6 Punya Mishra, phgm ky thudt Tp HCM, so the sir dung cho giang vien va Matthew J Koehler (2006), 18 tri- sinh vien qua trinh day Technological pedagogical Punya Mishra, hgc Thyc hanh dien tir co ban content knowledge: a Matthew J Koehler (2006), Framework for teacher Technological pedagogical knowledge, Teachers College content knowledge: a Tai lieu tham khao for teacher Thai buy Tuyen (2008) Record Volume 108, Number Framework Phuang phdj) dgy hoc truyen 6, June 2006, pp 1017-1054 knowledge Teachers College Thai Duy Tuyen (2008} Record Volume 108, Number thong vd dot mdi, NXB Giio Phuang phdp dgy hoc truyen June 2006, pp 1017-1054 due thong vd doi mai, NXB Giao ' OECD (1999) School Abstract: The teaching Science Laboratories: Today's due mediums of the subject of OECD (1999) School Trends and Guidelines, basic electronic practice PEB Exchange, Programme Science Laboratories: Today's include learning materials, and Guidelines, on Educational Building, Trends physical practical models, 1999/3, OECD Publishing, PEB Exchange, Programme doi: 10 J 787/467124308827 on Educational Building, virtual practical models Biii Van Hong - Nguyen 1999/3, OECD Publishing, and technical equipments Thi Luang (2011), Xay dyng doi: 10.1787/467124308827 Basisedon the TPACK model, Biii Van H6ng -Nguyen the teaching mediums of the mo hinh day hgc mon Cong nghe 12 theo tiep can Iinh Thi Luang (2011), Xay dyng subject of basic electronic hoat, Tgp chi khoa hgc gido mo hinh day hgc mon Cong practice contain the content due ky thuat, truang DH Su nghe 12 theo tiep can Hnh knowledge, technological pham ky thugt Tp HCM, so hoat, Tgp chi khoa hoc gido knowledge and pedagogical 18, tri-5 due ky thugt, truang DH Su knowledge • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 92-04/2013 ... dyng minh hpa cho thiy, mire o.n dp d^t dugc cic myc tieu day hgc tuang doi cao Dieu •.87 budc dau da khang dinh dugc sy phii hgp cua phuang tien day hpc Thyc hanh dien tu CO bin theo mo hinh TPACK. .. GIAO DUC-SO 92-04/2013 • NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG hgc Thyc hinh dipn ttr ca bin dugc xay dyng theo mo hinh TPACK hoin toin dip iing dugc myc tieu day hpc vi yeu cau ciia day hpc Thyc hinh dipn tu... hoc Thurc hanh dif n day du cac thong tin v l ket cau mach dien, thong so ky t u cff ban Theo mo hinh TPACK, thuat cac linh kien dien tir su phuang tien day hpc Thuc hanh dung cho bai thuc hanh,