Nguyen Thj Ngpc Anh va Big Tjp chl KHOA HQC & CONG NGHS 174(14) 165 170 K H A O S A T L O I S A I CtJA SINH VIEN TRUNG QUOC KHI HQC TIENG V l f T TAI KHOA NGOAI NGtT D ^ I HQC THAI NGUYfiN VA NHI5KG B[.]
Nguyen Thj Ngpc Anh va Big Tjp chl KHOA HQC & CONG NGHS 174(14): 165-170 K H A O S A T L O I S A I CtJA SINH VIEN TRUNG QUOC KHI HQC TIENG V l f T TAI KHOA NGOAI NGtT - D ^ I HQC THAI NGUYfiN VA NHI5KG Bt XUAT KHAC PHVC Nguyen Thj Ngpc Anh', Ho^ng HuyIn Trang Khoa Ngoai ngir - BH Thai Nguyi TOM TAT vdn dl phit hifn loi, phan tich ldi dl dua cic giii phip khic phyc l5i li mdt vin dl quan frpng ttong vifc dgy tilng Viet cho ngudi nude ngoii Bii bio khio sat cic I6i ngdn ngtt cila sinh viSn Trung Quic hpc tilng Vift tgi Khoa Ngoai ngtt - Dgi hpc Thii NguySn, d6 li cic iSi vl ngtt am, hi vyng, naft phip mi sinh vifin Trung Qudc thudng mSc phai hpc tilng Vift.Ttt dd tim nguygn nhan vl 161 dS xuit nhQng hudng giii quylt nham nang cao chit lugng dio tao tilng Vift cho sinh vi6n nude ngoii d Khoa Ngogi ngtt Ttt khia: Ldi sai, sinh vien Trung Qudc, ngit dm, tir vimg ngit phdp DAT VAN DE Tieng Trung Qudc va tieng Vift cung logi hinh ngon ngft, hf thdng ngft phip cd nhieu difm gi6ng nhau, sd lugng tu vyng tilng Vift tyong doi giong tieng Trung Nhihig die dilm tucmg dong di giup ngudi Trung Quoc hpc tieng Vift mgt each de dang han Song chinh sy khic bift ve ngtt am, ttt vung, ngii phap va vin hda Igi dan den nhiing khd khin frong qua trinh hpe tilng Vift [4] Cd nhieu cdng trinh nghien cuu ve vifc stt dung tieng Vift hien fren cac doi tugng stt dyng la ngudi nude ngoai Cic tic gii tip trung khio sat ldi cua ngudi MT, ngudi Dttc, Lao, Campuchia hpc ngoai ngft thtt hai fren cac phuang difn: tiJ vyng, ngiJ am, ngtt phip nhu: Nguyfn Thien Nam (2000) [5], Dd Thi Thu (1997) [6] Bai bio de cgp dfn mgt so ldi mi sinh vifn Trung Qu6c thudng mic phii hpe tilng Vift tgi Khoa Ngoai ngu, Dgi hgc Thai Nguyfn va nguyfn nhan gay loi dong thdi de xuat mOt s6 giii phip nhim gittp ngudi hpc hgn chl vi frinh dugc mot sd ldi hgc tieng Vift nhu mgt ngogi ngft thtt hai DOI TUONG VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU Chiing tdi dS tien hinh khio sit trfn doi tugng la sinh vien Tmng Quoc nam thtt chuyen nginh tieng Vift, phgm vl khio sat tgi Khoa Ngogi ngft, Dgi hgc Thai Nguyen thdng qua cac phuang phap thong ke, phan tich dien ngdn, ddi chieu so sinh KET QUA NGHIEN CUU Mpt so loi sai thutrng gip cua sinh vien Trung Quoc hpc tieng Vift tai Khoa Ngoai ngu, fiai hpc Thai Nguyen Loi ve ngu- dm Sinh vien Trung Quoc da hgc 02 nam tifng Viet a Trung Qu6c cho nen sang Vift Nam hgc da cd nhung kifn thttc nhat dinh ve ngdn ngft tilng Vift Tuy nhifn qua khao sat trfn khda sinh vifn Trung Quoc hpc tieng Vift ehiing tdi thay xuat hien mpt he thdng cic ldi ngdn ngu sau: ldi ve diing sai phy am, ldi sai phan van, Idi sai am cuoi vi ldi dieu Loi sai phy dm dau Tifng Vift cd 23 am vi phu am diu, tieng Han cd 21 am vi phy am dau Trong tieng Han mpt sd phy am dau khdng ed im tuong ty frong tilng Vift: b, k, h cho nen sinh vien Trung Qu6c hay phit am sai khdng chuan nhung am tilt md diu bing phy im: /b/, /k/, /h/ nhu: /ban/ thinh /pin/, /bac/ thinh /pic/, /bd/thinh/pd/ [4] Qui frinh khao sit bing viec ghi am cua 200 sinh vifn Trung Qudc dgc cac van bin cho ta sd lifu nhu bang 318 132 Email ngocanh knn@gmail.com Nguyen Thj Nggc Anh vd Dtg Tap chl KHOA HQC & CONG NGHf Bing Loi sai phil dm ddu Am tiet chuin Phit am sai Ba VI, diy, Dong Bic, dOc dio, diic ddng Pa Vi, tiy, T6ng Bic, tdc tio, tuc t6ng 80% dudng, ddi, dgi tudng, tdi, tgi 75% T! i | % Bing tren cho thiy, phy im "d", sinh vien Trung Quoc dai da s6 phit im thinh "t" nhu nhimg am: ddi, dudng, dai "tdi, tudng, tii" Loi sai phy dm cuoi Phy im eu6i frong tilng Vift da dgng hon tieng Trung Qudc Tilng Vift ed cic phy am cuoi: -e, -m, -n, -p, -t, -nh, -ng, -ngh Tilng Trung Qudc chi ed: -n, -ng Dd la mdt dilm khd khan cho ngudi Trung Qudc hpe ngtt im tieng Vift Da sd sinh vifn Trung Qudc phat am sai eic am tiet sau: manh, tdc, mach, ngang, nggnh hp chi cd thf phat am thinh cae am tiet cd am cu6i thinh -n, -ng Khio sit 200 sinh vifn, chung tdi thay thudng xuyfn phat im sai phy am cu6i mgt sd am tilt nhu bing Bing Loi sai phu dm cudi Am tilt chuan Phit im sai truyin thing, truyen thin, Bit Bit Tring, co Trin, eo kta, di khih, di tich, t(t,d?ictnm, dac trung thihy6u thi yeu nhanh nh?n, nhan nhen, man manh khde khde Ti If % 85% 75% 65% Loi sai phan vdn Ben cgnh dd, ta thiy luu hpe sinh Trung Qudc thudng danh van khdng chinh xac mOt so vin ca bin nhu: ui, 6i, ua, ua, uo, uyt, uyf, anh, ieh Die bift li vdi nhttng im tilt cd nguyfn am li e, e, u thi dai da so la phdt am sai VD: nguyen - - nguf n phan van, liru hpc sinh vin cdn lin lOn cac cgp van: ui/ uoi, in/inh, dn/anh, uu/uffu, iiuAu (chiim 80%) hoic phat am sai d eae van khd nhu : uya, uyn, uyt, uat (chiem 20%) 174(14): 165-170 Vi dy: trau/ uu: huffu/con huu; uu/iu: nghi huu/nghi hiu; uffi/ui: qud chuoi/qiM \ \ chdi ^ - Vdi eic cap van cd am a, a hpe sinh thudng hay phit am sai eic im tiet sau: - thin; manh - man, nhanh - nhan, anh - an, Loi sai difu Ta thay sinh vien Trung Quoe thudng c6 cic hifn tugng mic Idi sau: -98% cac em diu cd it nhat 10 lan phit am sai difu: huyfn thanh sic, vd: phit am "trd" thinh "frg", Luang Son Bi phat im thinh Luang San Bi -70% danh dau difu bi nhim Khi hpc tilng Vift, sinh vien Trung Quic thudng nham cac dau thanh, dgc bift thudng lin 16n hdi va nang frong noi vi nham Ian huyfn va sic vift Ldi ve tie v^ng Loi dimg sai nghia cua lie Tu vyng tilng Han cung gidng nhu tieng Vift cung hit sue phong phu, da dang, die biet dd cd hifn tugng chuyfn loai Nhu viy, frong qua trinh hgc tap tieng Viet, sinh vifn Trung Qudc thudng gip khd khan thyc hifn cic thao tic chuyen dich tu tieng Han sang tieng Vift va nguge lai Pho bien la ldi dung sai nghTa cua ttt nhu: - Cudi ciing hg bien hai budm mai mai khong rdi xa - B6 m? cua Chuc Anh Dai ngan cin tinh yeu cua hai ngudi nfn da 6ihr bdch Chiic Anh Dai lay ngudi khac - Sau dl cttu mOt chim bi thuong, tifa nft Tieu That va Phi Lgc di lam quen win nhau, gittp dd ISn va hai ben di sdn sinh tinh yfu Dd la ldi ve kiln thttc, liru hgc sinh Trung Quoc chua hilu dttng nghta eua tu nfn frong ndi, viet hay stt dyng sai nghTa cua tii lam cho ciu van frd nfn lung ciing ddi thinh vd nghTa Nguyin Thj Ngpc Anh vd Dtg Tgp chl KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE W dimg sai hu tit Qua khao sit fren 100 bii kilm fra vdi yfu ciu ctta dl bai: "Hay kl Igi m^t truyen thuyet vl tinh yfu ciia Trung Qu6e" thi cd den 95% cac bii viit thudng xuyfn stt dyng eac by ttt "roi", "thi", "rat" m^t cich tiiy tifn, khdng hgp li Ca bift cd den 20 bii kiem fra mi ngttdi lam bii diing ttt den 14 lan hu hjr "roi"frongehng mOt bii viet "Cudi cung cha m? c6 ly dong y r6i nhung cd ay phai frang tri nam, khdng the de cho mpi ngudi biet cd ay la nft tinh Chuc Anh Dai vui long dip ttng roi Sang mai chuin bi Ifn dudng di hgc roi Den bu6i t6i da din trudng roi Dan dan Luong Son Bi cung thich Anh Dii rM Ttt dd hai ngudi yfu thuang nhau, quan tim den nhau." Trong doan vin trfn cd ciu mi ngudi viet stt dyng den lan hu ttt "roi" vdi him nghTa de difn ta sy vifc, hinh d^ng di xiy Loi dung hu tir fren sai la sinh vifn Trung Quoc quen vdi vifc stt dyng trg ttt ngft khf "le" frong ciu tilng Trung, bdi frong tilng Trung vifc su dyng trg tft ngtt "le" rat phd bien Bfn cgnh dd vifc sft dyng phd t\x"rdt" chi mttc dp ctta luu hgc sinh li ph6 bien Hp hay diing phd tft de him y nhan mgnh song chinh dieu Igi lam cho ciu vin frd nfn roi ram, lung eiing - "Cd gai la nguoi rat dpp dg, that tuyft xinh nhit Ten cua co gai la Hing Nga, tft lay chong rat yeu chong, rat hgnh phuc" Ldi Igp phd tft "/•(?/" nh3m nhan mgnh, lim ro nghTa cho tfnh tft dttng sau thudng xuyfn xay la sy ph6i hgp tu vi dung sai tinh ttt Ben cgnh cdn la nguyfn nhin vdn ttt vyng cdn hgn che song sinh vifn Trung Qu6c Igi lam dyng vifc sft dyng phd tft "rat" de the hifn cy the, lam sing ro van de hay thi hifn cam xuc cua ban thin Doi vdi loi stt dyng lifn ttt "thi": - Hang nim ngiy m6ng thing 7, Nguu Lang vi Chttc Nft thi cd the g^p m?it d Thudc Kieu 174(14): 165-170 - Ngay sau do, thi da cd Nguu Lang vi Chftc Nft - Sau do, hai ngudi tlii yeu - Khi anh ay ken ngudi gii lim vg, anh ay thi tinh thuang yeu vg rat thim thiet Ldi lap lien tu "thi" li anh hudng eua ngdn ngft tieng Trung, sinh vifn Tnmg Qudc thudng cd thdi quen sft dung phd tu "jiu" frong tifng Trung de dien ta hanh dpng difn tiep theo mpt hinh dgng da xay trudc Loi dimg danh tic dan vf (lucmg tic) Khio sit frfn 200 bai kiem tra mdn Lich su va Van hda Viet Nam, But ngu cao cip va Sogn thio Vin hda Viet Nam cho thay da phan sinh vifn stt dyng sai danh ttt don vi hoac thilu khdng stt dyng danh ttt dan vi: cd 200 bai kiem tra deu vift thieu danh tu dan vj diing trudc danh tu, tdi da cd bai thifu den 10 danh ttt don vj viet (1) Ldi dung thifu danh ttt dan vi dttng trudc cic danh ttt chi ngudi, dpng vat -Trong gia dinh cd mpt gai rat xinh vi thdng minh (thieu "cd") - Nha em cd mot meo va mpt cho, chung rat khdn (thieu "con") Hoac phd bien la each stt dyng thieu danh ttt dan vi "ngudi" trudc danh ttt chi ngudi nhu sau: -"Anh chi ay cd cupc sdng vui ve, gai dft vai nlu cam vi lim thu cdng nghifp d nha Con trai ciy rupng d ben ngoai Budi tdi, trai vf nha an com, gai hau hg lam vui Idng" - Em ed ba tram sach (thilu "quyin") - Hdm qua me em mua bon ga (thieu "con") - Ba em cho em mgt dong ho mtrt (thieu "cii") (2) Ldi nhim lin danh tft dan vj: Khio sit cac bai kilm fra cua sinh vifn Hpc vifn Van Son, Trung Qudc chiing tdi thiy hifn tugng dung sai danh tu dan vi (sy ket hpp khdng dung) la phd bien: 167 Nguyin Thi Ngpc Anh vd Dtg Tgp chf KHOA HQC & C N G NGHE - Em di mua vii chiec quan io - Chung em da mua mgt vii cai ttt dien Hin Vift NhQng vi dy d (1) va (2) cho thay luu hgc sinh Trung Qu6c thudng dung nham lan, dung thieu cac danh tft dan vj dung vdi ttt chi so lugng Nguyen nhan la tieng Vift cd sd lugng phong phu cac Ioai tu (danh tft chi logi tilng Vift) nhu: eon, cai, chiec, ngoi, hdn, tim, bttc, pho, quyfn, cudn, ciy, qui, la, nggn, vi, thing, dtta, ga, vifn, ngii, ong, bi, cd, bac, anh, chi Ben cgnh dd la Idi chuyen di danh tft don vj (lugng tft) tft tieng Trung Qudc sang tifng Viet Trong tifng Trung Quoe, danh tft don vi "ge" (cai, ) dugc diing rat phd bien va rgng rai,"ge" thgm chi cd thf dung thay cho rat nhilu danh tft don vi khac.Vi dy nhu "san dao/ge cai" (ba mdn in), "sansuo/gexuexiao" (ba ngdi trudng), "san jia/gefandian" (ba nhi hing) Vi viy sinh vifn Trung Quoc thudng chgn cich thay the danh tft don vi "ge" vao nhimg trudng hgp khdng tim danh tft don vi phtt hgp Ldi ngir phdp Ldi ve trgt tu tit Sinh vien Trung Qudc thudng xuyfn stt dyng sai frit ty ttt frong cau Kilm tra tren 200 bai viet cua sinh vien cd den 96 bai mic ldi niy, cd 50 bai (chiem 50%) cd so lan pham 161 len den frfn lin vi phgm - Khi tdi Ifn mgng tdi khdng biet minh cd the vdi ndi chuyen - Luc dd, tdi khdng biet minh phii nhu the ndo doi m^t vdi cac thay cd giao va bo mp ctta tdi - Trfn dudng ve, chung em b&i hat hat rat hay