Cac yeu to''''anh hu''''dng de''''n ccf hoi viec lam cho lao dong tren dja ban huyen My Tu, tfnh Soc Trang NGGYIN VAN TOAN* Tom tat Ddo tqo nghi Id mgt chd truang ddng ddn, da tqo diiu kien cho ngUdi lao dgng[.]
Cac yeu to'anh hu'dng de'n ccf hoi viec lam cho lao dong tren dja ban huyen My Tu, tfnh Soc Trang NGGYIN VAN TOAN* Tom tat Ddo tqo nghi Id mgt chd truang ddng ddn, da tqo diiu kien cho ngUdi lao dgng ndng thdn cdi thien ddi sd'ng, ndng cao thu nhap Tuy nhien, nhiiu diiu kien khdc nhau, ngUdi lao ddng sau hgc nghi khdng cd viec ldm Muc tieu cda nghien cdu Id tim nguyen nhdn vd cd hudng gidi quye't viec ldm cho lao dgng tren dia bdn huyen My Tu, tinh Sdc Trdng Thdng qua khdo sat 133 ngudi lao dgng vdphdn tich hoi quy Binary Logistic, ke't qud nghien cdu cho thdy, cdc ye'u td: Trinh hgc vdn; Sd hUu ddt canh tdc; Hd trg vd'n cda Nhd nude; Thdng tin thi trudng lao dgng cd dnh hudng true tie'p de'n viec ldm cda ngUdi lao dgng Ngodi ra, Ca sd vdt chd't; Dung cu dqy nghi lac hdu cung cd dnh hudng de'n chd't lugng ddo tqo nghi Tuf khoa: lao dgng, viec ldm, huyen My Td, Sdc Trdng Summary Vocational training is a right policy, which creates conditionsfor rural laborers to improve their living standards and incomes However, due to many different conditions, after apprenticeship the laborers are not employed The objective ofthe study is to find out the causes and directions for solving unemployment problems in My Tu district, Soc Trang province Through the survey of 133 employees and Binary Logistic regression analysis, the research results show that the factors such as Education level; Farmland ownership; Capital support from the State; Labor market information directly affect the employment of laborers In addition Infrastructure; Outdated vocational training tools have an impact on the quality of vocational training Keywords: labor, job My Tu district, Soc Trang province GlOfI THIEU Huyen My Tu, Sdc Trang cd dan sd' 108.155 ngffdi (nam 2017), vdi 70.381 ngffdi dang dp tudi lao ddng Nhffng nam qua, Huyen da tap trung phat trien kinh te da dang cac ITnh vffc, cdng nghiep, tieu thu cdng nghiep va cac nganh nghe dich vu; tao thuan ldi thu hut dau tff, khuyen khich cac phan kinh te phat trien tren dia ban, tffng bffdc chuyen dich cd cau kinh te, khai thac triet de cac tiem nang, the manh cua dia phffdng Tuy nhien, sif chuyen dich ed cau kinh te'din tdi sff chuyen dich cd cau lao ddng, sd ngffdi bffdc vao tudi lao ddng cang tang, dieu dd cung da va dang gay khd khan cdng tac giai quyet viee lam tren dia ban Huyen Nhff vay, van de dat la giai quyet viec lam cho lao ddng tren dia ban Huyen nhff the nao cho hieu qua, dam bao eupc sd'ng dn dinh cho ngffdi lao ddng, dat dffdc muc tieu phat trien kinh te, ddi sd'ng xa hdi ben vffng, de giai quyet can cd van de khdng the giai quyet ngan ban, ma can cd nghien cffu, tim nhffng nguyen nhan can cd de giai quyet Chinh vi vay, cac tac gia tien hanh nghien cffu "Cdc ye'u td dnh hudng den ca hgi viec ldm cho lao dgng tren dia bdn huyen My Td, tinh Sdc Trdng " CO sd LY THUYET VA MO HINH NGHIEN CUu Cd sof Iy thuyet Dffdng Ngpc Thanh va Nguyin Minh Hieu (2014) cho rang, lao ddng ndng thdn la toan bd nhffng boat ddng lao ddng san xua't tao cua cai vat chat cua nhffng ngffdi lao ddng ndng thdn, bao gdm: lao ddng cac nganh ndng nghiep, cdng nghiep ndng thdn, dich vu ndng thdn Nghien effu ciia Nguyen Cdng Toan va Chau My Duyen (2015) cho tha'y, viec lam ciia lao ddng nff bi anh hffdng bdi nhieu yeu td', nhff: Trinh dp hpc van; "Phong Lao dong Thifdng binh va Xa hoi huyen My Tu, tinh Sdc Trang I Email: tuanthuyque@gmail.com Ngdy nhdn bdi: 30/10/2018; Ngdy phdn bien: 13/11/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng: 19/11/2018 Economy and Foreca.st Review 93 HINH: MO HINH CAC YEU TO ANH HOfdNG DEN Cd HOI VIEC LAM CHO LAO DONG SAO KHI DCfCiC DAO TAO TREN DjA BAN HUYEN MY TU, TINH SOC TRANG Tuoi tac cua lao dgng Trinh lioc vSn cua lao dong So nguroi ptiu tliuoc gia dinh Ho tra cua Nha nuoc ve von Ca hoi viec lam Dat canh t^c Thong tin ve thj trucmg lao dong Tinh trang hon nhan cua lao dong dp tudi (dd'i vdi nam la tff 16-60 tudi, vdi nff la 16-55 tudi) danh sach hoc vien hpc nghe tai Trung tam Giao due nghe nghiep Giao due thffdng xuyen huyen My Tu, tinh Sdc Trang difa tren bang cau hdi phdng van da soan san Tac gia su" dung phffdng phap chpn mau ngau nhien phan tang va Iffa chpn cd miu la 150 quan sat Sau qua trinh khao sat, loai nhffng quan sat khdng phu hdp, cd mau chinh thffc cua nghien cffu la 133 quan sat Thdi gian nghien effu dffdc thffc hien quang thdi gian giffa nam 2018 Ngu6n: Tac gia tdng iidp KET QUA NGHIEN CLfU BANG 1: MOT SO THONG TIN NHAN KHAU CUA NGCfCil LAO DONG THONG KE THEO TRI TRUNG BINH Nho Trung Ldn Do Igch Ti§u chi nhS't binh nhat chu^n 58 10,393 19 38,86 Tudi ddi 8,90 4,429 Trinh dp hoc van (nam de'n trtfcfng) 1,253 So' vien phue thuoc gia dinh (ngifdi) 2,50 Ngudn: Ket qua Ichao sat ngu'di iao dong tai huyen My Tii, 2018 Tinh trang hdn nhan cua lao ddng nff; Nghe ndng thdn da hpc; Thdng tin ve viec lam; Lien ket giffa ndi dao tao; va Sff dung lao ddng cd anh hffdng den cO hdi viec lam cua lao ddng nff Nguyen Thi Cam Loan va cac cdng sff (2016) cho rang, lao ddng ndng thdn cd nhieu cd hdi chuyen sang lam phi ndng nghiep, mac dii cd nhffng rao can ldn trinh dp van hda va chuyen mdn ky thuat tha'p, nhu cau ve lao ddng cd trinh dp cao, sif tang dan sd va sff yeu kem ciia thdng tin thi trffdng lao ddng Hoang Tu Anh (2012) da dffa dffpc nhffng van de tdn tai giai quye't viec lam, nhff: sff mat can dd'i giffa cP cau lao ddng va cP cau kinh te gay tinh trang thieu, thffa lao ddng gia tao; Cdng tac dao tao nghe chffa dap ffng ca ve ndi dung lan cd sd vat chat; Tiep can thdng tin kinh te ciia hd cdn tha'p; Ngudn cung lao ddng tai chd tiep tuc tang qua cac nam Cdn Le Chi Cdng (2014) cho tha'y, gidi tinh lao ddng, loai nghe, hinh thffc hpc nghe, md'i lien ket giffa ndi dao tao va ndi sff dung lao ddng, thdi gian hpc nghe cd tac ddng trffc tiep den viec lam ciia lao ddng sau hpc nghe ndng thdn Ngoai ra, loai hd, da't san xua't, tudi ngffdi hpc nghe, md'i lien ket giffa ndi dao tao nghe va ndi sff dung lao ddng sau dao tao cd tac ddng trffc tiep den tdng thu nhap tff nghe ndng thdn Tren cd sd ke thffa cac nghien cffu cd lien quan, tac gia de xua't md hinh nghien cffu, bao gdm: Tudi tac ciia lao ddng; Trinh dp hpc van; Sd ngffdi phu thudc gia dinh; Hd trd ciia Nha nffdc ve: vd'n, da't canh tac, thdng tin ve thi trffdng lao ddng, tinh trang hdn nhan Md hinh nghien cffu dffdc the hien qua Hinh Phifdng phap nghien ctfu Tac gia thffc hien viec thu thap so' lieu sd cap bang each khao sat y kien ciia nhffng ngffdi lao ddng 94 Phan tich mSu nghidn cu'u Ket qua khao sat 133 ngffdi lao dong thudc huyen My Tu, tinh Sdc Trang cho tha'y, cd 75 ngffdi, tffdng ffng vdi 56,4% ngffdi lao ddng cd sd hffu da't canh tac, cdn lai 58 ngffdi lao ddng, tffdng ffng vdi 43,6% la khdng sd hiJu da't canh tac Theo ket qua khao sat, sd vien phu thudc (ngoai tudi lao ddng hay khdng tao thu nhap) trung binh eua eac hp la 2-3 vien Dp lech chuan la 1,253 cho tha'y, khoang each chenh lech ve sd vien phu thudc giffa cac hp la khdng cao So' Ueu dieu tra cho tha'y, trinh dp hoc van trung binh cua lao ddng tai huyen My Tu, tinh Sdc Trang la td't nghiep trung hpc cd sd Lao ddng cd trinh dp hpc van tha'p nha't la Idp Lao ddng cd trinh dp hpc van cao nha't la dai hpc Dp lech chuan la 4,429 cho tha'y, mffe dp chenh lech ve trinh dp hpc van giffa nhffng lao ddng la khdng cao (Bang 1) Thffc trang dao tao nghe tai huygn MyTu Bang cho tha'y, 133 ngffdi lao ddng, nhdm hpc nghe may cdng nghiep chiem ty le cao nha't vdi 51 ngffdi, chiem ty le 38,3% Tiep theo la nhdm ngffdi lao ddng hpc nghe dan hang thu cdng my nghe va sffa xe, hai nhdm lan Iffdt chiem 21,1% va 18% Cudi cdng la nhdm nghe trdng trpt va eac nghe khac vdi lan Iffdt 13,1% va 9% May cdng nghiep va dan hang thu cdng my nghe hien la nhffng nganh can ngudn nhan life ldn tren thi trffdng lao ddng Vi vay, ngffdi lao ddng hpc nhffng nghe se dS dang tiep can vdi cd hpi viec lam hdn sau hoan khda hpc Trong 133 ngffdi lao ddng cd tham gia hpc nghe dffdc khao sat y kien, thi cd 52 Kinh te va DiC hao ngffdi lao ddng, tffdng ffng vdi 39,1% la BANG 2: N G A N H NGHE DtfdC NGCfCJl LAO DQNG nhan dffdc sif hd trd ciia Nha nffdc, chinh CHON LtfA THEO HOC Tdn s6' (Ngffcfi) Nganh ngh^ quyen dia phffdng ve vd'n de hpc nghe Ty le (%) 51 38,4 hay lap nghiep Cdn 81 ngffdi lao ddng, May con^ nghiep Dan hang thu cong my nghe 21,8 29 tffdng ffng vdi 60,9% la khdng nhan dffdc Svla xe 23 17,3 sff hd trd (Bang 3) Trong trot 13,5 18 Ngoai ra, ket qua khao sat cung cho Cac nghe khac 12 9,0 Tong so' 100,0 133 tha'y, cd 48,1% ngffdi lao ddng la thffdng xuyen cap nhat cac thdng tin ve thi trffdng lao ddng thdng qua cac phffdng BANG 3: SO NGtTCJl LAO DONG N H A N DCTCiC SCf HO TRCi VE VON tien thdng tin dai chung khac nhau, nhff: Nh|n dtf^c sff hd trcf Tdn s6'(Ngffcfi) Tvie(%) bao, tap chi, internet va 51,9% edn lai Co 52 39,1 Khong it cd sff quan tam den viec cap nhat cac 81 60,9 Tdng cong 100,0 133 thdng tin ve thi trffdng lao ddng (Bang 4) Dieu se phan nao ban che viec nam bat cac cd hdi cd dffdc viec lam td't BANG 4: VIEC THOfCiNG XUYEN CAP NHAT CAC THONG TIN ciia ngffdi lao ddng VE THI TROfCiNG LAO DONG Sau hoan khda hpc nghe, Vi^c c§p nhat thdng tin Tdnsd^NgrfoTi) Ty 1§ (%) thi cd 82 ngffdi lao ddng tim dffdc cdng Co 64 48,1 viec dung nganh nghe da hpc, tffdng ffng Khong 69 51,9 133 100,0 vdi 61,7% Cdn lai 51 ngffdi lao ddng, Tong cong tffdng dffdng vdi 38,3% la chffa tim dffdc viec lam hay dang lam cdng viec trai vdi BANG 5: TINH HINH VIEC L A M CUA NGCTCJl LAO DONG nganh nghe da dffdc dao tao (Bang 5) SAU KHI D u ' d c D A O TAO NGHE Bang cho tha'y, ldi ich ldn nha't ma Tdn s6' Tyl$ Tinh hinh vigc lam khda dao tao nghe mang den cho ngffdi (Ngffori) (%) 82 61,7 lao ddng la cung cap dffdc nhffng kien thffc Co viec lam ddng nganh nghe dao tao thtfc te lien quan den nganh nghe chpn Chu'a CO viec lam/lam cong viec khong diing vdi 51 38,3 nganh nghe dao tao hpc, md rdng mdi quan he quen biet va 133 100,0 giiip hp nang cao cac ky nang can thiet (sif T^ng s6' nhay ben, nang ddng, ky luat ) NhiJng ky B A N G 6: NHOfNG Ldi ICH CUA KHOA D A O TAO NGHE nang ehang nhffng hffu ich cdng MANG DEN CHO NGCTdl LAO DONG viec, ma cdn giup ich rat nhieu cho ddi sd'ng Ngoai ra, cd 31,6% ngffdi lao ddng Tdn s6' Tyie Lgfi ich cho biet, khda hpc cdn giup hp tff tin hdn (Ngrfori) (%) va 27,8% ngffdi lao ddng cho rang, khda Cung cap du'dc nhffng kien thu'c thtfc te' lien quan den 86 64,7 nganh nghe chon hoc hpc dao tao nghe giup hp xay dffng dffdc y Giup nang cao cac ky nang can thie't (stf nhay ben, thffc cdng ddng va lam viec tap the 72 54,1 Ben canh nhiing ldi ich ma khda hpc nang dong, ky luat ) ehang nhffng cho cong viec ma phue vu cho ddi song da mang den, thi theo danh gia cua ngffdi Md rong moi quan he quen bie't 76 57,1 lao ddng, cac khda hpc nghe van cdn tdn Giup ttf tin hcin sau khoa hoc 42 31,6 tai nhieu nhffdc diem, nhff: cd sd vat chat, Xay dtfng du'dc y thffc cpng dong va lam viec tap the 37 27,8 thiet hi, dung cu hpc tap lac hau, chffdng trinh dao tao cu, lac hau, khdng cap nhat, BANG 7: CAC HAN CHE CUA KHOA DAO TAO NGHE dan den viec ban che tinh ffng dung THEO D A N H G I A C U A NGCTdl LAO DONG ap dung vao cdng viec thffc te Day la hai nhffdc diem ldn dffdc nhieu ngffdi lao ddng Tdn so" Tyle Ldi ich (Ngtfori) (%) danh gia Ngoai ra, cac nhffdc diem khac cd Kie'n thffc mang nang tinh ly thuye't, khong sat thtfc te 45 33,8 the ke den, bao gdm: kien thffc cdn mang 52 39,1 nang tinh ly thuyet, khdng sat vdi thffc te, Chffdng trinh dao tao lac hau, khong dffdc cap nhat mdi Cd sd vat, trang bi cong cu hoc cu, lac hau 58 43,6 thdi gian hpc chffa phii hdp (Bang 7) Thdi gian hoc chffa phu hdp 31 23,3 Cac ye'u td' anh hffdng dg'n ccf hpi Hoc phi cao 17 12.8 viec lam cho lao dong sau dffdc dao tao nghd tren dia ban huyen My Tu Mguon: Ket qua khao sat ngu'di lao dong tai huyen My Tu Zi Ke^t qua phan tich md hinh hdi quy nhi phan cho tha'y, cd hdi viec lam cho lao ye'u td'd nhffng mffe y nghia la 1% va 5% Dd la: Trinh ddng sau dffdc dao tao tai huyen My dp hpc van; Sd hffu da't canh tac; Hd trd cua Nha nffdc Tu, tinh Sdc Trang chiu tac ddng bdi ve vd'n; va Thdng tin thi trffdng lao ddng Ddng thdi Economy and Forecast Review 95 BANG 8: CAC YEU TO ANH HCfdNG DEN Cd HOI VIEC LAM CHO LAO DONG TREN DIA BAN HUYEN MY TU Gia tri P H§ sd'tfdclilicrng Hd sd' goc Big'n s6 0,053 Hang so -3,464 0,868 Gidi tinh -0,101 -0,017 0,583 -0,015 -0,002 Tudi tac 0,000 0,627 0,106 Trinh hoc va'n * 0,603 -0,125 -0,021 So' ngffdi phu thuoc 0,000 S6 hffu da't canh tac ' 2,725 0,418 0,012 1,587 0,243 Ho trd cua Nha nffdc ve von " 0,004 Thong tin thi trffdng lao dong * 1,958 0,323 0,821 Tinh trang hon nhan 0,151 0,026 133 Sd'quan sat 0,000 Gia tri kiem dinh mo hinh (Prob > Chi^) -38,3198 Gia tri log ciia ham gan dung 0,5672 He so' xac dinh R- (Pseudo R-) Gia tri kiem dinh Chi binh phffdng 100,45 trd eiia Nha nffdc ve vd'n va cud'i ciing la Trinh dp hpc van ciia ngffdi lao ddng KET LUAN Theo y kien cua ngffdi lao ddng, thi cac ldi ich ma khda dao tao nghe mang den cho hp la cung cap dffdc nhffng kien thffc thffc te lien quan den nganh nghe chpn hpc, md rdng mdi quan he quen biet va giup hp nang cao eac ky nang can thiet (sff nhay ben, nang ddng, ky luat ), giiip hp tff tin hdn va giup hp xay diXng dffdc y thffc cdng ddng va lam viee tap the Tuy nhien, eac khda hoc van edn tdn tai nhieu nhffdc diem, nhff: cd sd vat chat, thiet bi, dung cu hpc tap lac hau, chffdng tnnh Ghi chu: (*) bien co y nghia dmyCc 1%; (**) bie'n co y nghia dmiic 5% dao tao cu, lac hau, khdng cap nhat, dan Nguon: Ke't qua xff ly ttf so lieu dieu tra trffc tiep 133 ngu'di iao dong, 2018 den viec han che tinh ffng dung ap vdi kiem dinh sff tffdng quan giffa cac bie'n ddc lap cho dung vao cdng viec thffe te'; kien thffc tha'y, cac gia tri deu nhd hdn 0,8 Vi vay, cd the bd qua mang nang tinh ly thuyet, khdng sat vdi hien tffdng da cdng tuyeri giffa cac bien ddc lap (Mai thffc te^, thdi gian hpc chffa phii hdp Van Nam, 2008) Ngoai ra, gia tri kiem dinh md hinh Ket qua md binh hdi quy nhi phan cho Prob > Chi^ = 0,000 va cho tha'y md hinh nghien cffu tha'y, ye^u to' dffa vao md hinh, thi dffdc sff dung cd mffe y nghia rat cao (1%) viec cd yeu to cd y nghia ve mat thd'ng ke ffdc Iffdng anh hffdng cua cac yeu td' cd lien quan ed hdi la: Trinh dp hpc van; Sd hull da't canh tac; viec lam cho lao ddng sau dffdc dao tao tren dia ban Hd trd ciia Nha nffdc ve vd'n; Thdng tin huyen My Tu, tinh Sdc Trang thi trffdng lao ddng Ta't ea cac yeu td'deu Ket qua md hinh hdi quy nhi phan cho tha'y, cd cd md'i tffdng quan thuan chieu vdi cd hoi yeu td'cd y nghia thdng ke d mffe y nghia 1% va 5% la: viec lam Xet ve dp ldn ciia md'i quan he Trinh dp hpc van; Sd hihi da't canh tac; Hd trd cua Nha nhan qua, thi Sd hvtn da't canh tac la bien nffdc ve vd'n; Thdng tin thi trffdng lao ddng Ta't ca cac cd tac ddng ldn nha't deri ed hdi viec lam ye^u td deu cd md'i tffdng quan thuan chieu vdi cd hdi cua ngffdi lao ddng sau dao tao; Tiep viec lam Xet ve dp ldn cua md'i quan he nhan qua, thi theo lan Iffdt la Thdng tin ve thi trffdng Sd hi?u da't canh tac la bien cd tac ddng ldn nha't den cd lao ddng, Sff hd trd eiia Nha nffdc ve vdn hdi vipc lam ciia ngffdi lao ddng sau dao tao; Tie'p va cud'i cung la Trinh dp hpc van ciia theo lan Iffdt la Thdng tin ve thi trffdng lao ddng; Sif hd ngffdi lao dpng.G TAI LIEU JTHAMLKHAQ Mai Van Nam (2008) Gido trinh kinh te lugng, Nxb Van hda Thdng tin Hoang Tu Anh (2012) Gidi quye't viec ldm cho lao dgng ndng thdn tren dia bdn huyen Hoa Vang, TP Dd Ndng, Luan van thac sT, Trffdng Dai hpc Da Nang Le Chi Cdng (2014) Thytc trqng lao dgng vd dnh hudng cda ddo tqo nghi de'n viec ldm vd thu nhap cda ngudi ddn ndng thdn tinh An Giang, Luan van thac sT, Trffdng Dai hoe Can t h d Nguyen Thi Cam Loan va cac cpng sff (2016) Giai phip tao viec lam phi ndng nghiep cho ngffdi lao ddng d ndng tiidn tinh Tra Vinh, Tqp chi Ndng nghiep vd Phdt trien ndng thon, ky 2, thang 01/2016 Dffdng Ngpc Thanh va Nguyin Minh Hieu (2014) Thffc trang lao ddng va viec lam ndng thon Viet Nam, Tqp chi khoa hgc TrUdng Dqi hgc Can Tha, sd 30 NguySn Cdng Toan va Chau My Duyen (2015) Phan tich cac yeu to anh hffdng den ed hoi viee lam cua lao ddng nff ndngtiidnhuyen Tam Binh, tinh Vmh Long, Tqp chi khoa hoc Trudng Dai hoc Can Tha, sd36 Tran Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Van Hai (2017) Ddnh gid thytc trang tao viec ldm cho lao dong nong thon tren dm bdn huyen Binh Luc, tinh Hd Nam, truy cap tff http://tapchieongthuong.vn/danhgia-thuc-trang-tao-viec-lam-cho-lao-dong-nong-thon-tren-dia-ban-huyen-binh-luc-tinh-ha-nam2017110205044931p0c488.htm Tabachnick, B G., & Fidell, L S (1996) Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed ) New York: Harper Collins 96 Kinh te' va Dif bao ... ehang nhffng hffu ich cdng MANG DEN CHO NGCTdl LAO DONG viec, ma cdn giup ich rat nhieu cho ddi sd''ng Ngoai ra, cd 31,6% ngffdi lao ddng Tdn s6'' Tyie Lgfi ich cho biet, khda hpc cdn giup hp tff... Ngudn cung lao ddng tai chd tiep tuc tang qua cac nam Cdn Le Chi Cdng (2014) cho tha''y, gidi tinh lao ddng, loai nghe, hinh thffc hpc nghe, md''i lien ket giffa ndi dao tao va ndi sff dung lao ddng,... nhffng ngffdi lao ddng 94 Phan tich mSu nghidn cu''u Ket qua khao sat 133 ngffdi lao dong thudc huyen My Tu, tinh Sdc Trang cho tha''y, cd 75 ngffdi, tffdng ffng vdi 56,4% ngffdi lao ddng cd sd