18 TAP CHf KHOA HQC XA HOI SO 1(137)-2010 KINH TE HOC- XA HOI HQC ^ CO CHE PHAP LY VA CAC TO CH\JC XA HOI GOP PHAN DIEU HOA MOI QUAN HE LAO DONG d VIET NAM HIEN NAY NGUYEN THj MINH CHAU BUI THE Cl/dNG LE THANH SANG TOM TAT Tranh chip lao ddng vd dinh cdng a Viet Nam treng hai thap nidn qua cdng tdng vi qui md, pham vi va tinh chit phwc tap Cde cudc dinh edng diu mang tinh tw phat khdng Cdng doan lanh dao, va khdng tuan thu qui dinh phap luat vd dinh cdng Bdi viit ludn chwng eho hai quan didm chinh: Thw nhit, cdc cudc dinh cdng phan anh tinh thiiu hidu Iwc cua ede thd ehi phdp ly va cin phdi dwgc bd sung, hcan thidn phii hgp vdi quan he lao ddng nin kinh td thi trwdng Thw hai, mac dii cdc thd chi phap ly cua Nha nwdc ddng vai trd quan trgng nhwng cin cd sw tham gia nhidu hgn cua cdc td chwc xa hdi vide diiu hda quan he lao ddng Phan tich bai viit chd y i u dya tren CO sd nguon t u lieu dwgc khao sat d ba khu cdng nghiep, khu c h l xult: Linh Trung Nguyin Thi Minh Chau Thae sT Vien Phat then Bin vCi-ng viing Nam Bp Bill The Cuong Pho Giao su, t i i n sT Vipn Phat then Bin vCi-ng viing Nam Bp Le Thanh Sang, Tiin sT Vien Phat then Bin vu-ng viing Nam Bp (TPHCM), Sdng T h i n (Binh Duang) va Bien Hda (Ding Nai) td- thang 772007 d i n thang 1272008 mdt nhdm nghien cu-u eda Vien Phat triln ben vu-ng vdng Nam Bd tien hanh khudn kho cua Dy an "Mii quan he lao ddng, tranh c h i p va dinh cdng d ba khu cdng nghiep, khu c h l xult Linh Trung (TPHCM), Sdng Thin (Binh Duang), Bien Hda (Dong Nai) Do tranh c h i p lao ddng cae nganh tham dyng lao ddng va trpng cac deanh nghiep ed von d i u t u nudc ngoai, nen bai viit se tap trung chu y i u vao quan he lao ddng cae khu vyc nay, v i n ed mdt cai nhin so sanh vdi quan he lac ddng cac khu vyc khae, nhit la khu vyc kinh t l Nha nudc Bai viit md ta tinh hinh dinh cdng d Vi$t Nam; d l cap tinh chit cda cac tranh c h i p lao ddng va dinh edng t y phat thdi gian qua Phin quan trpng nhit danh de phan tieh vai trd eda cac ca c h l phap ly va cac b§n tham gia d i l u hda quan he lao ddng DiNH CONG O" VIET NAM Bao eao "Dinh cdng va quan h# lao dpng d Viet Nam" To chu-c Lao ddng Quoc te thye hien nam 2006 cho thiy, td- Lugt j^GUYEN TH! MINH CHAU, BUI THE C U N G , LE THANH SANG - CQ CHE PHAP LY 19 tang ehung Td' 1995 d i n thang 572005, cac cudc dinh cdng d khu vyc cd v i n d i u tu nude ngoai chilm 64,3%, d khu vyc t u nhan la 27% va khu vyc Nha nude la 8,8% Han nd'a, so cudc dinh cdng d eae doanh nghiep t u nhan dd ed tang nhe theo thdi gian nhung b i t d i u ed Bang cho thiy, dinh edng ludn xay xu hudng giam td' nam 2004 So cudc dinh cao nhit d cac doanh nghiep cd v i n d i u cdng d eae doanh nghiep Nha nude h l u tu nude ngoai va phd hgp vdi xu hudng nhu khdng tang len giai dogn 1995-2000 va giam han Bang So vu dinh edng tren ca nudc tip 1995 den thang giai dogn 2001-2005 6/2008, phan theo loai hinh doanh nghiep d i n thang Lao ddng dugc thye hien (1995) d i n thang 572005, ca nudc cd 879 cudc dinh edng So lieu thing ke tu' eae ngudn khae cho thiy so cudc dinh cdng tang vpt nhd'ng nam sau dd T i t ea cac cudc dinh cdng eho d i n d i u la ty phat 5/2005 Trong Nam Oinh cong Tdng so ca.: doanh cupc nghidp dinh cong Nha nu'ac Dinh cong Oinh cong cac cac doanh doanh nghiep CO nghiep von dau tu tu nhan nudc ngoai N % N % N % N % 1995 60 100 11 18 28 47 21 35 1996 52 100 12 32 62 14 29 1997 48 100 10 21 24 50 14 27 1998 62 100 11 18 30 48 21 34 1999 63 100 38 60 21 33 2000 71 100 15 21 39 55 17 24 2001 85 100 11 50 59 26 31 2002 88 100 54 61 29 33 2003 119 100 3 81 68 35 29 1-10/2004 96 100 1 40 73 25 26 11/20045/2005 135 100 2 89 66 14 10 Tong 879 100 77 8,8 565 64,3 2005 147 100 2006 387 100 2007 thang dau nam 2008 551 100 300 100 237 27,0 Cd hai lan sdng dinh edng tren qui md Idn vao cae thdi d i i m trudc va sau ed eae Nghj djnh cua Chinh phd v l tang luang tdi thiiu doi vdi khu vyc d i u t u nudc ngoai Lan sdng thd' nhit td- thang 12/2005 d i n d i u nam 2006 - trudc va sau cd Nghj djnh 03/20067ND-CP cda Chinh phu quy djnh mCpc luang t i i thiiu Lan sdng thd' hai tCp thang 10/2007 d i n d i u nam 2008 - trude va sau cd Nghj djnh 168/ND-CP quy djnh md'c luang tdi thieu theo vdng danh eho lao ddng lam viee d cac doanh nghiep cd v i n d i u t u nude ngoai tgi Viet Nam D i l u phan anh nhd'ng cang thing da len den dinh diim quan he lao dpng, sy cham tre phan d-ng chinh sach, va tac ddng day ehuyin viec triln khai thye hien eae ehinh sach nhgy cam tren NGU6N DO LIEU Nguon: Tong h(?p tw To chirc Lao dgng Quoc te, 2006, giai do^n Vdng kinh t l trpng d i i m phia 1995-5/2005: Le Thanh Ha, 2008 va Nguyen Thanh Tuyen, 2008, giai do^n 2005-6/2008 Nam la nai tap trung cac khu 20 NGUYEN THj MINH CHAU, BUI THE C U O N G , LE THANH SANG - CQ CHE PHAP LY edng nghiep, khu c h l xult Idn nhit tren ca nudc Trong nhd-ng nam g i n day, da so cae cudc dinh cdng d i u xay d TPHCM, Binh Duang, Dong Nai va cd tinh lay lan r i t Idn cac khu edng nghiep, khu c h l xult Do vay, dja ban nghien CCPU sau g i m Khu c h l xult Linh Trung d TPHCM, Khu edng nghiep Sdng T h i n d Binh Duang, va Khu edng nghiep Bien Hda d Ddng Nai phan anh kha diln hinh cho v i n d l tranh chip lao ddng d Viet Nam hien Ngoai ra, Cdng ty Pouchen d TPHCM dugc xem xet nhu mdt trudng hgp d i l n CLPU so sanh, gidp giai thich vi cdng boat ddng ITnh vyc may mac vdi qui md len d i n g i n tram ngan edng nhan ma it xay dinh edng Do tinh chit tieu biiu ma eae trudng hgp dem Igi, cac nhgn djnh eda bai viit dya tren cac nghien CCPU sau cd dp tin cay cao Phdng v i n sau phan theo ba nhdm ehinh la (i) Chinh quyin, doan t h i , (ii) Doanh nghiep, Cdng doan ca sd, va (iii) Cdng nhan d ba dja ban nghien CLPU Tdng so 53 cupe phdng v i n sau va cupc thao luan nhdm da dwgc thye hien, vdi sy tham gia eua 118 ea nhan, dd ed 51 nd' Nhdm cdng nhan ed s l trudng hgp nghien CLPU eao nhit, g i m 26 cupe va 83 ngudi tham gia Tgi TPHCM, ed cudc thgo luan nhdm va 24 cudc phdng v i n sau dugc thye hien vdi sy tham gia cda 51 ngudi Tgi Bien Hda, cd cudc thao luan nhdm va 13 cudc phdng v i n sau vdi s y tham gia cda 36 ngudi Tgi Binh Duang, so cupe thap luan nhdm va phdng v i n sau tuang Cpng la va 15 vdi s l ngudi tham dy la 30 Doi vdi Cdng ty Pouchen, cd 17 cupe phdng v i n sau da duge thye hien lien quan d i n nhd'ng ngudi lam cdng tae quan ly lao ddng va giai quyit tranh c h i p (7 ngudi), ca v l phia doanh nghiep va Cdng doan ca sd Cae cupe phdng v i n sau cdng nhan (10 ngudi) nhim thu thap cac thdng tin phii kiim vdi cac phdng v i n tip cac nhdm khae BAN CHAT CUA TRANH C H A P LAO DQNG VA DiNH CONG JU P H A T K i t qua nghien CLPU ggi y rang tranh chip v l Igi ich kinh t l la cot Idi cua cac tranh c h i p lao dpng hien N l u trude day, ngudi lao dpng dinh cdng chu y i u la d l yeu e l u ngudi SLP dyng lao ddng thye hien d i y du cac "quyin" bj vi pham thi hien ehd y i u la d l ddi nang cao cac "Igi ich" kinh t l Y I U td lgi ich cd xu hudng trd nguyen nhan ehinh y i u d i n d i n tranh c h i p lao dpng tuang lai "Cong nhan tui em thip co be hpng, chi biit gp lung lam viec tip sang din tii, chi biet cay vao Nha nudc, bing phap luat va cac quy djnh bupc cac ong chu phai tra luong cho du sing, diing vdi cong lao dpng cua tui em Chip dinh cong doi tang luong, luong len chiit dinh, nhung chu bupc phai lam nhiiu hon, Ipi khong bing hai " {Thio luin nhdm nw cdng nhin, Khu cdng nghi$p Bidn Hda, thing 3/2008) "Theo em thi luang cP the vin giCp, khong tang, nhung phai tinh phan tram trupt gia, vi luong len 1,2 trieu nhung theo khong kjp trupt gia thi cung v^y" {Thio luin nhdm nw cong nhan, Khu cdng nghiep Sdng Thin, thing 3/2008) Mac dd v i n cdn mdt s l y kiln cho ring vi phgm v l "quyin" v i n la nguyen nhan chinh d i n d i n dinh cdng g i n day, nhung h l u h i t cac nha nghien cd'u d i u thing nhit vdi nhan djnh rang mau thuin v l Igi ^ U Y E N THj MINH CHAU, BUI THE C U Q N G , LE THANH SANG - CQ CHE PHAP LY ich kinh t l mdi la mlu chit cda quan he lao ddng hien (Nguyin An Nguyen, 2006; Chang Hee Lee, 2006; Pham Minh Huan, 2008) Dilu ggi y ring cac thi chl phap ly v l quan he lao ddng hien nay, von dya tren nhd'ng dilu kien trude day, ed the khdng bao quat hit cac ehilu kieh cda quan he lao ddng nin kinh t l thj trudng Han nd'a, k l ca dd la cac tranh chip v l "quyin", thi dinh cdng vipa qua cdng thi hien tinh thiiu hieu lyc cda eae thi chl phap ly va sy bit cap v l mat ehinh sach khiln mpi cudc dinh cdng diu la ty phat Vi cac cudc dinh cdng, k l ca ddi hdi v l "quyin" va v l "lgi ieh", diu la ty phat? Cd thi ddc kit nguyen nhan ea ban sau day Mdt la thiiu cac thi chl va ca chl hieu qua de thuang lugng tgi ca sd Hai la quy trinh dinh edng ddng lugt khdng phd hgp vdi thye t l met xay "Theo em thi khong bi^t tru-o-c v4 dinh cong dup-c, tai vi hom dang lam thi miy ca ben no moi keo qua No keo qua thi tgi em dau co biit dau Thg la ong Han Quoc ay moi dong cipa lai The la tui em mai nhin len, thay miy ca no keu qua No ho la "Tra l$i quyen IQI cho cong nhan" Ho qua trai Thi la tyi em mai du-ng day Ma cai ong Han Quoc, ong ay dau co cho dau, nhung ma cong nhan tron cifa dang sau het a The la dinh cong ngay" Hoi: Boc phat vay thoi hay la co thong bao cho Cong doan hay co kien nghi gi tru-ac chu'a? TL: Co r6i, dua dan nhiiu lam ma cong ty dau c6 chiu dau, cho nen cong nhan mai dinh cong nhu vay Hoi: Co thong qua cong doan ca so- ciia minh khong? TL: Cai thi c6 Cong nhan viit dan len qua trai luon Cong nhan cha hoai khong thiy ngu'ai ta giai quyit nen mai dinh cong" (Thao luan nhom nam cong nhan Khu Cong nghidp Bien Hoa, Dong Nai thang 1/2008) 21 mau thuin khdng dwgc giai quyit dan din dinh cdng Mdt sd y kiln eho ring cdng nhan dinh cdng la bj kieh dpng, xdi giyc, hay theo "phong trao" Mpt s l khae cho ring edng nhan dinh cdng trai lugt la nhgn thd'C kem, thiiu hilu biit v l phap lugt, hoae thj trudng thiiu lao ddng, cdng nhan khdng sg bj mit viee Tuy nhien, cac kit qua nghien cd'u eda chdng tdi eho thiy cac yiu to khdng phai la nhan t l chinh, ma chi ddng vai trd xde tac d l cae cudc dinh cdng ty phat no ma thdi Cd thi xem dinh cdng ty phat la each thLPC "thuang lugng thye t l cd thi dugc" cua ngudi lao ddng khdng thi thuang lugng d ea sd (ILO, 2006) CO CHE P H A P LY DIEU HOA QUAN HE LAO DQNG Lugt Lao ddng td- ban hanh che den da qua ba lln sd-a ddi, bd sung Lugt Lao ddng ddi nam 1994; Lugt su'a dii, bo sung mdt s l dilu eda Lugt Lao ddng nam 2002; Lugt sd'a doi, bo sung mdt so dilu cua Lugt Lao ddng nam 2006; Lugt SLPa ddi, b l sung Dilu 73 eua Lugt Lao ddng nam 2007 Tuy nhien, nhd'ng quy djnh lien quan din dinh edng va giai quyit dinh edng chi dwgc dilu chinh vao nam 2006 Cd t h i diim qua qua trinh thay doi nhd-ng ndi dung ehinh cda Luat Lao dpng nhu sau Nam 1994, Quoc hdi thdng qua Lugt Lao ddng, dd Chuang XIV (Dilu 157 din Dilu 179) quy djnh v l tranh chip lao dpng va dinh cdng Nam 1996, Uy ban Thudng vy Quic hpi thdng qua Phap lenh v l thd tyc giai quyit cac tranh chip lao ddng, gdm hai phin: phin thd- nhit quy djnh thd tyc giai quyit eae tranh chip lao dpng; phin thCp hai, quy djnh thu tyc giai quyit 22 NGUY§N THj MINH CHAU, BUI THE C U G N G , LE THANH SANG - CQ CHE PHAP LY cac eude dinh edng Nam 2002, Lugt Lao ddng dwgc swa doi, bo sung nhung khdng cd sy thay ddi dang k l cac qui djnh v l tranh c h i p lao dpng va dinh cdng Tuy nhien, sau mdt thdi gian triln khai thye hien, cac quy djnh v l tranh chip lao ddng va dinh edng da bdc Id nhiiu b i t cap Cy the la, eae quy djnh eda phap luat ehua giai thich rd thugt ngd- dinh cdng, d i n d i n viee hilu va giai thich khae nhau; chua cd ea c h l thieh hgp, hieu qua eho viee giai quyit tranh c h i p lao ddng tap t h i v l quyin va tranh chip lao ddng tap t h i v l Igi ich; qui djnh v l trinh ty, thd tyc ehuan bj dinh edng va each thd-c tiin hanh dinh cdng cdn phd-c tap, thiiu tinh kha thi nen cac eude dinh cdng xay d i u b i t hgp phap; ehua cd qui djnh dam bao v l quyin Igi cua ngudi SLP dung lao ddng bj thiet hgi dinh edng b i t hgp phap ngudi lao dpng khd cd t h i dam bae tinh hgp phap cda cudc dinh cdng Do dd, yeu c l u thye t i i n ddi hdi c i n dan gian hda trinh ty, thd tyc va each thCpc tiin hanh dinh edng, thu tyc giai quyit dinh cdng nhim bao ve hieu qua quyin va Igi ich hgp phap cda ngudi lao ddng va ngudi sd' dyng lao ddng D l xay dyng ea c h l giai quyit ed hieu qua dinh cdng, Lugt su-a ddi, bo sung mpt s l dilu cda Luat Lao dpng dugc thdng qua tgi ky hpp thd- 10 Quic hdi khda XI 2971172006 dya tren ea sd su-a d i i , bo sung mdt so d i l u eua Chuang XIV v l giai quyit tranh c h i p lao ddng cda Lugt Lao dpng hien hanh Tren ea sd myc vdi 23 dilu cda Chuang XIV Luat Lao ddng da dugc su-a ddi, b l sung va k i t c l u mue vdi 44 dilu Cy t h i la Mye - Quy djnh ehung g i m dilu, td- D i l u 157 d i n D i l u 164, dd cd lam rd cac khai niem v l tranh chip lao ddng, phan biet gid'a tranh c h i p lao ddng tap t h i v l quyin va tranh c h i p lao ddng tap t h i v l Igi ieh (Dilu 157); nguyen t i c giai quyit tranh chip; bd sung trach nhiem cda ca quan Nha nude cd t h i m quyin va td chLPc Cdng doan viec ho trg cac ben giai quyit tranh chip lao ddng theo ddng qui djnh eua phap lugt (Dilu 159) Mye - T h i m quyin va trinh t y giai quyit tranh chip lao ddng tap t h i , gdm D i l u (Td- D i l u 168 d i n 171b), dd quy djnh rd trinh ty, thu tyc va ca quan, td chd-c ed t h i m quyin giai quyit tranh c h i p lao ddng tap t h i v l quyin va giai quyit tranh c h i p lao ddng tap t h i v l Igi ich Tuy nhien, cac cudc dinh cdng ty phat vd-a qua cho thiy eae phan d-ng v l mat chinh sach la cham, khdng phan anh d i y du cac v i n d l dgt ra, va tinh thiiu hieu lye thye thi chinh saeh D i l u t h i hien ehu y i u d mdt s l khia egnh sau Mdt Id, mac dd cac quy dinh eua Nha nudc v l cac "quyin" eda ngudi lao ddng r i t cu the, nhiiu doanh nghiep v i n khdng thye hien hoac thye hien khdng d i y du, mang tinh d i i phd, nhung cdng tac kiim tra giam sat thiiu chat che Tren thye t l , qua chd trpng d i n thu hdt d i u tu ed t h i la mdt nguyen nhan dan d i n viec ndi Idng edng tac thye thi cac ehinh sach xa hdi Tinh thiiu hieu lye viee thye thi chinh sach d i n d i n tinh trgng b i t Igi keo dai cua ngudi lao ddng D i l u d i n d i n sy tieh ty cac cang thing khdng dugc giai quyit kjp thdi quan he lao ddng Hai la, mac dd nhiiu quy djnh da Igc hau nhung cham thay ddi D i l u t h i hien i^^GUYiN THj MINH CHAU, BUI THE CUCJNG, LE THANH SANG - CQ CHE PHAP LY rd net d (i) md-c phat d i i vdi doanh nghiep vi pham cac "quyin" cua ngudi lao ddng va (ii) cham d i l u ehfnh md-c luang tdi thieu va chinh sach luang ndi ehung Nhiiu can bd Cdng dean dugc phdng van td r i t dd'c xde trudc md'c phat qua thap, khdng ed tac dyng ran de doi vdi eae vi phgm cda doanh nghiep Viec ehgm thay ddi md'c luang t i i thiiu Igm phat gia tang rd rang da anh hudng r i t Idn d i n ddi song cdng nhan va la mdt nhan t l tryc t i l p thue d i y cac cudc dinh cdng bdng phat Ba Id, mac dd Nha nudc da xay dyng nhiiu ca c h l d i l u chinh quan he lao ddng va giai quyit tranh chip d ea sd nhung tren thye t l cac ea c h l hogt ddng khdng hieu qua Cy t h i , Luat Lao ddng quy djnh cac doanh nghiep phai ky Hgp ddng lao ddng, ky Thda udc lao dpng tap t h i , xay dyng khung bae luang tren ea sd thda thuan vdi ngudi lao dpng va dgi dien eua hp la Cdng doan ca sd Nhung viee ap dyng chi nang v l hinh thd'C thay vi thye chit, vi dd khdng phai la k i t qua cua mdt qua trinh thuang lugng that sy gid'a eae ben ed lien quan mdt each binh ding Luat Lao ddng cdng quy dinh Hdi dong hda giai ca sd, dd cd dgi dien cua ngudi lao ddng la Cdng dean ca sd, ehiu trach nhi#m giai quyit cac tranh c h i p lao ddng phat sinh d e l p doanh nghiep Tren thye te, ca c h l ehua thye sy t h i hien dwgc vai trd eua minh nhu mong dgi Chang hgn nhu, Lugt quy djnh phai lap Hdi d i n g hda giai lao dpng ca sd doanh nghiep cd Cdng doan ca sd hoae Ban chap hanh Cdng doan lam thdi Thanh p h i n cda Hdi dong hda giai lao ddng ca sd gom s l dgi dien ngang cda ben 23 ngudi lao ddng va ben ngudi su- dyng lao ddng Hai ben ed the thda thuan lya ehpn them vien tham gia Hpi dong Hdi ddng hda giai lao ddng ca sd lam viee theo nguyen t i e thda thuan va nhit tri Ngudi SLP dyng lao dpng bao dam dilu kien c i n thilt cho hogt ddng cda Hdi d i n g hda giai lao dpng ea sd Hdi ddng hda giai lao dpng ea sd tiin hanh hda giai cae tranh c h i p lao ddng theo quy dinh Lugt quy djnh nhu vay, nhung tren thye t l Hdi ddng cd ddi va thye hien dwgc chd-c nang cua minh khdng? V l phia ngudi lao ddng tham gia dinh cdng mdi b i t ky mdt ngudi nao sd dd edng d i i thogi vdi doanh nghiep thi khdng dam dgi dien bdi hp lo sg v i n d l phap ly, sg bj dudi viee Do dd, p h i n Idn la dai dien doanh nghiep, thudng la Giam doc hoae Phd Giam ddc va Ban C h i p hanh Cdng doan lam viec vdi va thdng bao cho edng nhan biit yeu c l u cda hp cd dugc giai quyit khdng va d md-c dp nao CAC BEN THAM GIADlEU HOA QUAN HE LAO DQNG 5.1 To chCpc edng doan ca sd Cdng doan dgi dien va bao ve cac quyin, Igi ich hgp phap chinh dang eua ngudi lao ddng Cdng doan sd tai dgi dien eho ngudi lao ddng dan vi kinh t l ky Thda wdc lao dpng tap t h i vdi ngudi quan ly dan vj kinh t l va ehd doanh nghiep theo ddng phap lugt v l ky k i t Thda wdc lao ddng tap t h i Theo yeu c l u eda ngudi lao ddng, Cdng doan gidp ngudi lap ddng viee ky k i t hgp dong lao ddng vdi ben su' dyng lao dpng theo dung phap lugt v l hgp d i n g lao ddng Cdng doan tham gia cdng vdi eae ea quan Nha nudc giai quyit khiiu ngi, t l eao cda ngudi lao ddng theo phap 24 NGUYEN THj MINH CHAU, BUI THE CUdNG, LE THANH SANG - CQ CHE PHAP LY lugt Cdng doan dai dien cho ngudi lao dpng thuang lugng vdi thd trudng ca quan, dan v., t l chd'c de giai quyit eae tranh chip lao ddng xay ea quan, dan vj, to chLPC eua minh Ngudi lao ddng, dd ehua la doan vien cdng doan cdng cd quyin yeu c l u Ban c h i p hanh Cdng doan dgi dien va bao ve quydn va Igi ich hgp phap eda minh trude Tda an, thd trudng ea quan, dan vj, td chCpc bd'u quan Tuy nhien, nhiiu y kiln m l u khao sat cho ring, hogt ddng eda cdng doan ca sd edn nhiiu hgn c h l , chua ed hieu qua Cdng doan ehua phat huy h i t vai trd la ngudi dgi dien cho quyen va Igi ieh cda ngudi lao ddng, ehua tgo dyng dugc niim tin cho ngudi lao ddng Cd nhiiu nguyen nhan lien quan d i n ea c h l phap ly eho hogt ddng cdng doan ea sd Thw nhit, chwa ed ca c h l phap ly bao ve cho can bd cdng doan ca sd hp dCpng bao ve quyin va Igi ich cho ngudi lao ddng Cd t h i ndi, h l u h i t can bd cdng doan ea sd cae doanh nghiep cd v i n d i u tu nude ngoai la kiem nhiem, khdng ehuyen trach Hp xult than td' nhd'ng ngudi lao ddng doanh nghiep va duge b i u len Thu nhap chinh eda hp la tCp tiin luang chu doanh nghiep tra Do dd, hp dCpng trude tinh trgng nan giai: ed tranh c h i p giCi-a ngudi lao ddng va ngudi SLP dyng lao dpng thi cdng doan khdng dgi dien eho quyin Igi cda ngudi lao ddng bdi nhiiu trudng hgp can bp edng doan Igi la ngudi phu trach nhan sy cua doanh nghiep Hoae ed trudng hgp can bd cdng doan la cdng nhan tryc t i l p lam viec, an luang cda gidi ehu va vi Igi ieh ca nhan (sg bj dudi viee, bj trd dap, bj thuyen chuyin cdng tac, ) nen khdng dam dCpng bao ve cho ngudi lao ddng Khi ddng vai trd hoae la hp se thda hiep vdi chu hoac gid' thai dp trung lap Thw hai, Lugt ehua quy djnh bien phap c h l tai va thiiu tinh ran de d i i vdi eae doanh nghiep vi phgm nhd'ng quy djnh Bd Lugt Lao ddng va Lugt Cdng doan 5.2 Trung tam T u v i n phap lugt Cdng doan Theo Lugt quy djnh Lien doan Lao ddng cd chLPC nang t u v i n cho ngudi lao dpng va ngudi SLP dyng lao ddng cac khu edng nghiep, khu c h l xult v l cac ITnh vyc: thdng tin v l thj trudng lao ddng, thdng tin v l chinh sach, che dp, tieu chuin, tiin luang, t i i n thudng, hudng nghiep, td chuc dgy nghi, gidi thieu viee lam D l thye hien chCpc nang nay, mdi Lien doan Lao dpng cd Trung tam T u v i n phap lugt Cdng doan Cd t h i ndi day la dja diim rit hCpu ich doi vdi ngudi lao ddng va ngudi sd' dyng lao dpng, dae biet la d i i vdi ngudi lao ddng Trung tam Tu v i n phap lugt Cdng doan cung c l p eae thdng tin v l Lugt Lao ddng, giai dap thie m i c cua edng nhan d i i vdi tCpng trudng hgp cu t h i xay m i l quan he lao ddng Trong trudng hgp c i n thilt Trung tam san sang h i trg cdng nhan viec viit dan khdi kien doanh nghiep n l u doanh nghiep dd vi phgm Lugt Lao dpng Theo Dgi dien Trung tam T u v i n phap luat Cdng doan Ding Nai, lugng cdng nhan d i n vdi Trung tam mpt ddng, hp d i n vdi Trung tam tam trgng r i t dd'c xde, nang n l va sau dd v l vdi sy hai Idng bdi nhd'ng bd-e xuc l y da dwgc cdi bd, duge giai tda Tuy nhien, edn r i t nhiiu cdng nhan khdng biit d i n dan vj Khao sat thye t l cho JlJGUYiN TH! MINH CHAU, BUI THE C U G N G , LE THANH SANG - CO CHE PHAP LY thay, cdng nhan it hilu biit v l Lugt Lao ddng, gap vudng mic, khde m i c quan he lao ddng hp khdng biit hdi Qua dd eho t h i y sd-c lan tda eua Trung tam chua rdng rai, e i n d i u t u d i y mgnh ban nu'a hogt ddng cua Trung tam cdng nhu tang eudng cdng tac truyin thdng, dua edng nhan d i n Trung tam nhiiu ban 5.3 Cae t l chd'c chinh tri-xa hdi khae Cac to chd'c chinh trj-xa hdi khac nhu Doan nien, Hdi phy nd' vdn cd vai trd quan trpng trpng khu vyc Nha nude, nhung ehua phat huy vai trd cua minh viec bao ve quyin va Igi ich hgp phap eho ngudi lao ddng khu vyc ed von d i u t u nude ngoai Khi cac dilu kien thay ddi, cac td chCpc tren cdng c i n thay ddi phuang thd'C hogt ddng Khdng nhit thilt phai ed cac t l chCpc tren d td'ng doanh nghiep thi mdi phat huy tae dyng ma ed t h i xay dyng cae to chd'c mgnh va eae hogt ddng thilt thye ching hgn d c l p khu edng nghiep va thdng qua dd tang cudng anh hudng tich cwc d i i vdi ngudi lao ddng 5.4 Cae to chd'c xa hdi khac Cac t l chd'c xa hdi khac ehua cd vai trd dang k l viec gdp phin xay dyng m i i quan he lao ddng lanh mgnh thdi gian qua Hien nay, r i t nhiiu ITnh vyc ddi hdi phai ed s y d i u t u thich dang nhu cdng tac t u v i n phap lugt, thdng tin lao ddng va thj trudng, ky nang thuang lugng, ky nang sing, mgng ludi h i trg v l nha d, viec lam, sinh hogt, vui chai, giai tri Thye t l vd-a qua eho thiy, hogt ddng cua cac t l chd'c ehinh tri-xa hpi dd cd e l ging tilp can vdi eae nhu c l u cua ngudi lao ddng, nhung phgm vi va anh hudng edn it Cac td chuc 25 xa hdi dan sy cd the cung tham gia d day, gdp phin xay dyng quan he lao ddng lanh mgnh han K^T LUAN Thye t l eae cupe dinh cdng t y phat d Viet Nam vd'a qua eho t h i y vai trd cua Nha nude va cac ea c h l phap ly ddi vdi viee d i l u hda quan he lao ddng la h i t SLPC quan trpng, khdng t h i thay t h i dugc Viee xay dyng cac ehinh sach, ca c h l phd hgp, kip thdi va kha thi se tgo mdi trudng lao ddng lanh mgnh D l dam bao cac ca c h l hogt ddng hieu qua tren thye t l , c i n phai giai quyit mpt v i n d l ca ban va e l p bach n h i t hien la tinh dgi dien cda Cdng doan ea sd, mdt ben tham gia t i t ca cac ea c h l lien quan d i n quan he lao dpng hien De dam bao tinh dgi dien, can bd edng doan ca s d phai cd cdng Igi ich vdi ngudi ma hp dgi dien, dugc ngudi lao ddng lya ehpn, va chi bao ve cho "quyin" va "Igi ich" cda ngudi lao ddng ma thdi C i n phai ed nhd'ng thay ddi Luat Lao ddng va Lugt Cdng dean phd hgp vdi quan he lao ddng n i n kinh t l thi trudng N l u khdng xd' ly dugc v i n d l ca ban thi khdng t h i giai quyit dugc v i n d l dinh cdng t y phat Cac to chd'c chinh trj-xa hdi khd cd t h i ed vai trd quan trpng khu vyc cd von d i u tu nudc ngoai nhu khu vyc Nha nudc Tuy nhien, cac td chd'c v i n ed t h i cd anh hudng dang k l n l u thay doi phuang thd'C va ndi dung hogt ddng Cac hogt ddng phai thiet thye, dap d'ng cac nhu e l u thye t l eda ngudi lao dpng va phd hgp vdi d i l u kien song eua hp Cae to chLPC xa hdi khac ed t h i ed nhd'ng ddng 26 NGUYEN TH! MINH CHAU, BUI THE C U G N G , LE THANH SANG - C O C H E PHAP LY gdp Idn b a n nhd'ng ITnh v y c hogt ddng tren n l u xay d y n g d u g e khudn k h i phap ly cho phep cac t l chd'c hogt ddng rdng rai va manh me b a n • TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Sp luit Lao ddng cua nwdc Cdng hda Xa hdi Chu nghTa Viet Nam nam 1994 (Sipa doi, b l sung cac nam 2002, 2006, 2007), 2008 Ha Npi: Nxb Chinh tri QuPc gia, Bd luit Lao ddng vi Luat sua ddi, bd sung mdt sd diiu cua Bd luit Lao ddng 2007, Ha Npi: Nxb T u phap 11 Nguyin An Nguyen 2006 Cdng doin dinh cdng - Iwang tdi thiiu: TCr gdc nhin vT md Bao dien tu- Tuoi tre 12/02/2006 12 Nguyen An Nguyen 2006 "Dinh cdng - ep ai?" Nhin tCr ly thuyet mic ci Bao dien tip Vietnamnet 17/02/2006 13 Nguyen An Nguyen 2006 Dinh cdng:, Nguyen nhin tw thiiu kinh nghiem mac ca Bao dien tu- Vietnamnet 16/02/2006 14 Nguyin Dang Thanh, Nguyin Thanh Tuan 2006 Dinh cdng vi mdt sd vin di vi quan he lao ddng ciia cdng nhin hien Tap chi Lao dpng va xa hpi S l 293 Lpi, 2004, Thwc trang dinh cdng d vi sw cin thiit phai sua ddi Phip tuc giii quyit cic tranh chip lao chi Lao dpng va xa hpi So 246, 15 Nguyen Dang Thanh, Nguyin Thanh Tuin 2006 Dinh cdng vi mdt s6 vin di vi quan he lao ddng ciia cdng nhin hien (Tiip theo) Tap chi Lao dpng va xa hpi So 294 Chang Hee Lee va Simon Clark, 2005, D/nh cdng vi quan he lao ddng a Viet Nam ILO Ha Npi, 16 Nguyin Thanh Tuyin 2008 Dinh cdng nguyen nhin vi nhCrng giii phip dit ra, Bao dien tip Dang Cpng san Vieat Nam 1/10/2008 Chang Hee Lee 2006 Quan he lao ddng vi giii quyit tranh chip lao ddng tai Viet Nam Tham luan cua ILO, Ha Npi, 17 Simon Clark 2006, The Changing Character of Strikes in Vietnam PostCommunist Economies, Vol 18, No 3, September 2006 Biii Sy Viet Nam lenh Thu ddng Tap Dinh Van Son, 2007, NhCmg ndi dung mai ciia Bd luat Lao ddng lien quan din dinh cdng vi giai quyit dinh cdng Tap chi Lao dpng va xa hpi So 304+305, 18 Thdng tw 13/2003/TT-BLDTBXH hw&ng din thwc hien mdt sd diiu ciia Nghi (Sinh sd 114/2002/ND-CP D Ngan Binh 2007 Nhwng quy dmh vi dinh cdng Bd luat Lao ddng sua ddi nim 2006 Tap chi Lao dpng va xa hpi So 325 19 Thdng tw 14/LDDTBXH-TT ngiy 10/4/1997 hwang dan phwang phap xiy dwng dinh mirc lao ddng ddi vdi doanh nghiep nhi nw&c Le Thanh Ha 2008 Dinh cdng vi quan he lao ddng d Viet Nam - Thwc.trang vi giai phip Tap chi Nghien ciPU Kinh t l so 362, thang 7/2008) 20 Thdng tw s6 21/2003/TT-BLDTBXH ngiy 22/9/2003 hw&ng dan thi hanh mdt sd diiu ciia Nghi dinh sd 44/2003/ND-CP ngiy 09/5/2003 ciia Chinh phii vi hgp ddng lao ddng Nghi dinh 114/2002/ND-CP Quy dinh chi tiit vi hwdng dan thi hinh mdt sd diiu ciia BQ luit Lao ddng vi tiin Iwang 21 Trung tam T u van Ph^t trien, 2008 B^o c^o de t^i "Quan he lao ddng vi tranh chip lao dgng, dinh cdng Nghien cCru trwang hgp d khu cdng nghiep, khu chi xuit Linh Trung {TPHCM), Sdng Thin {Binh Dwang), va Bien Hda {Ddng NaT)", 12/2008 10 Nghi dinh 44/2003/ND-CP quy dinh chi tiit vi hw&ng din thi hinh mdt sd diiu cua Bd luit Lao ddng vi hap ddng lao ddng ... eda Lugt Lao ddng nam 2002; Lugt sd'a doi, bo sung mdt so dilu cua Lugt Lao ddng nam 2006; Lugt SLPa ddi, b l sung Dilu 73 eua Lugt Lao ddng nam 2007 Tuy nhien, nhd'ng quy djnh lien quan din... ngudi lao ddng khdng thi thuang lugng d ea sd (ILO, 2006) CO CHE P H A P LY DIEU HOA QUAN HE LAO DQNG Lugt Lao ddng td- ban hanh che den da qua ba lln sd-a ddi, bd sung Lugt Lao ddng ddi nam 1994;... mdt s6 vin di vi quan he lao ddng ciia cdng nhin hien (Tiip theo) Tap chi Lao dpng va xa hpi So 294 Chang Hee Lee va Simon Clark, 2005, D/nh cdng vi quan he lao ddng a Viet Nam ILO Ha Npi, 16