VE DIEU KIEN BAO DAM CHO HOAT DONG GIAM SAT VA PHAN BIEN XA HOI QUA MAT T R A N Td QUOC VIET NAM ThS NGUYfeN THANH BINH*** X uat phit tfl su thua nhin Mat trin Td qude Viet Nam vi cie doin the nhin din ed vai trd rit quan trgng sy nghiep dai doin ket toin din tdc xiy dung va bio ve Td qude; tinh den hoat ddng die thu cua Mat trin vi doin the Dang ta khing dinh: "Ding tdn trgng tinh ty ehfl, ung hg mgi hoat ddng tu nguyen, tich cue, sing tao vi chin thinh ling nghe y kien ddng gdp cua Mat tran vi cie doin the Ding, Nha nudc cd co che, chfnh sich, tao dieu kien de Mat trin vi eic doin the nhin din hoat dgng cd hieu qui, thye hi?n vai trd giim sit vi phin bien xa hdi"^'^ Thdi gian qua Mat tran Td qude Viet Nam, cie td chflc chinh tri - xa hdi vi nhin din da thye hien hoat ddng giim sit; tich eye tham gia gdp y kien vio dy thio nghi quyet cfla Ding, chinh sich, phap luit cua Nhi nudc; chfl ddng phdi hgp vdi co quan nhi nudc xiy dyng vi ban hinh mgt sd quy djnh, ey the hoi mdt budc co chd giim sit vi da dat dugc kdt qui budc diu Tuy nhien, ddn hoat ddng giim sit vi phin bien xa hdi (PBXH) cfla Mat trin Td qude, cie td chflc ehinh tri xa hdi vi nhan dan cdn nhidu han chd, hieu qua chua cao PBXH la nhiem vy mdi, khd khan vi nhay **' Uy ban Trung uomg M$t tran To qu6c Vi|t Nam 38 cam, nhung chua cd ca che PBXH cy thd, chua cd quy djnh that rd ve mye dich, yeu ciu, nguyen tac, chfl the, ddi tugng, npi dung Trong chien luge phat trien kinh td xi hdi 2011 - 2020, Ding ta da neu: "Hoin thien co che de nhan din ddng gdp y kien, phan bien xa hdi vi giim sit cdng viec cua Ding vi Nhi nudc, nhit li ve cie chinh sich kinh te, xi hdi, ve quy hoach, ke hoach, chuang trinh v i dy in phat trien quan trgng"^^^ Cu the hda quan diem niy, xin de xuat mdt sd bien phap nhu sau: Ve nhan thuc Giam sat vi PBXH, die bi?t PBXH li chfl truong mdi ciia Ding ta nhim phit huy vi md rdng mdt budc din chfl xa hdi, khoi day y thfle vi trieh nhi?m xa hdi, huy ddng sy tham gia cua eic td chflc nhin din va ci nhin ddng gdp trye tiep vio viec xiy dyng chfl truong, chinh sich cfla Ding va phip luit Nhi nudc; bio dim cho chfl tmong, chinh sich eua Ding vi phip luat Nha nudc ban hinh dugc sy hudng flng vi chip hinh nghiem chinh cfla mgi cdng dan, khie phyc dugc nhung khiem khuyet mi xa hgi thudng neu vd sy quan lieu, chu quan, eye bd, xa th\rc td, thidu thi vi hmh thfle qui trinh xay dyng LY LUAN CHiNH TRI 6-2011 ddng thdi chat lugng xay dyng vin bin timg budc dugc nang cao va Nhi nude chdng tham nhiing, ddi ngheo, tyt hiu cd hi?u qui, lim sach bd miy Nhi nudc vi dim bao Ding khdng the cd "vimg cim" vi "sidu dang vien" Mat trin cin phii chu dpng de xuit vdi Ding vi Nhi nudc nhiing vin de tham gia phin bien Phin bien tren tinh thin xiy dyng Ddng tinh vdi nhiing vin de dflng nguyen vgng, lgi ieh cua nhin din, phin ddi nhung vin de cd hai den lgi ieh cfla nhin din, chip nhan nhung dieu hgp ly vi bd sung nhiing gi cdn thieu PBXH thd hien quan h? hgp tic, phdi hgp gifta chfl the phin bi§n vi chu the dugc phin bien qui trinh thye hien phan bien, giua co quan nhi nudc vdi Mat trin Td qude; giua co quan quyen luc vi td chflc cua nhin din dd cin cd sy thdng nhit ve nhin thfle vi hinh ddng toan Ding, Nhi nudc vi xi hdi, nhit li cin bd, cdng chflc Tfl dd, cie kidn nghi PBXH ciia Uy ban Mat tran Td qude Viet Ve the che Nam vi eic td chflc thinh vien phii dugc CO quan, td chflc cd thim quyen tiep nhin Hien nay, nhiing quy dinh phip luit vi giii trinh diy dfl tmdc dy in, dk in chua thye sy tao dugc mgt co chd phip ly dugc ban hinh, thye hien hiiu hieu cho Mat trin Td qude thye hien Ddi vdi cac ting ldp nhin din cin ning giim sit vi PBXH Do viy, can hoin thi?n cao y thfle chinh tri vi y thfle phip luit cfla CO chd phip ly bio dim cho Mat trin tham nhan din thdng qua vif e tang cudng tuyen gia hoat dgng giim sit vi PBXH theo tmydn, phd bidn, giio dye chu tmong, hudng nhu sau dudng ldi ciia Ding, chinh sich, phip luit cfla Nha nudc, nhit li eic chfl tmong, dudng ldi, chinh sich, phap luit vd quydn giim sit vi PBXH cfla hg Ben canh dd, cin ddng vien cie ting ldp nhin dan tham gia ddi thoai vdi ding vien, cin bd, cdng chflc vi cie td chflc, co quan ding, nhi nudc Trang bi cho nhin din cie thdng tin va kidn thfle can thidt dd hg cd thd ty minh trye tidp thye hi?n quydn giim sit vi PBXH Cin lim cho mgi ngudi hidu giim sit vi PBXH li quydn cfla din, li trieh nhi?m eua Mat trin vdi din, vdi Ding Ding li vien lanh dao cfla M$t trin, Ding cin tao mgi didu ki|n dd M^t trin hoin thinh nhi?m vy dua giim sit ya PBXH vio cugc sdng, trd thinh mgt ndp sinh ho^t thudng xuyen d mgi noi ci nudc Thdng qua M$t trin, nhin din thye hi?n quydn giim sit vi PBXH giup Ding L Y L U A N CHiNH TRj 6-2011 Mpt Id, xiy dyng co che phip ly bio dim cho nhin din kiem tra, giim sit hoat dgng cfla ding vien, cin bg, cdng chflc vi cie td chflc, co quan ding, nhi nudc, cung nhu thye hien sy PBXH ddi vdi qui trinh xiy dyng, hoach djnh chfl tmong, dudng ldi cua Ding vi chinh sach, phip luit cua Nhi nudc phii tren co sd quin tri?t quan didm cua Ding vd md rgng din chu, tao didu kien dd nhan din tham gia quin ly xi hdi, thio luan vi quydt dinh nhung vin dd quan trgng, tang cudng hoat dgng giim sit cua nhin din Ddng thdi, ludn suy tdn quydn tdi thugng cua Hien phip vi bio dam thye hi?n nguyen tic quyen lye nhi nudc li thdng nhit, song cd sy phin cdng, phdi hgp gifta cac co quan vifc thye hien quyen lye nhi nudc, nhim xiy dyng cie thidt chd giam sit cd hif u qua, trinh sy chdng cheo vd chflc ning, nhi?m vy, bio 39 dim dugc tinh thdng nhat mgt ca chd phip ly huu hifu de nhan dan thue hien quydn giim sit va quydn PBXH Hai la, nghien cflu ban hinh mdt so luat, tmdc hdt li "Luat vd hoat ddng giim sit vi phin bien xa hdi", dd cd quy dinh vd hoat ddng giim sit cfla Mat tran Td qude Viet Nam Trong luit quy dinh diy dfl va rd rang vd ngi dung, hinh thfle, co chd vi hieu qui phip ly cfla hoat ddng giim sit cfla Mat trin Ddng thdi, luat ciing quy dinh rd ve trieh nhiem cfla cie co quan nhi nudc tmdc cie yeu ciu kien nghi giim sit cua Mat trin cimg nhu bio dim nhiing dieu kidn ein thiet cho vi?c thye hi?n quyen va trieh nhifm giam sit ciia Mat trin Dd li nhung CO sd phip ly quan trgng de thye hi$n tdt vi cd hifu qui chfle ning giam sat cua Mit trin ddi vdi ho^t dgng cfla co quan nhi nude, cac dai bidu din cfl vi cin bg, cdng chflc nhi nudc, gdp phin ting cudng sy lanh dao cfla Ding ddi vdi Nhi nudc vi phit huy quydn lim chfl eiia nhin dan thdng qua Mat trin viec thue hien Chi thi so 09-CTAAV, 6-3-2002, eua Ban Bi thu: Vi mgt so vdn di cdp bach cdn thuc hi$n viec gidi quyit khiiu ngi, to cdo hien Cd thd tich Lugt Khieu ngi, to cdo thinh "Luit Khieu nai" vi "Luit To cao", di ddi vdi viec ddi mdi quy trinh giii quydt khidu nai, td eio de ning cao chit lugng cua ho^t dgng giai quydt khidu nai vi giii quydt td eio Tat ci nhiing viec lim ndi tren ddu nhim gdp phan hoin thien co che phip ly bio dim cho nhin din tham gia hoat ddng giim sit vi PBXH Bon Id, tang cudng sy phdi hgp, ket hgp giua hoat ddng giim sit cua nhin din, thdng qua hoat dgng cfla Mat trin Td qude Viet Nam vi cie td chflc thinh vien ciing nhu eua Ban Thanh tra nhin din, vdi hoat ddng tra cua Thanh tra Chfnh phfl, hoat dgng kiem tra eua Ding vi hoat ddng giim sit tdi cao eiia Qude hgi Die bi?t, cin chu trgng vi?c phdi hgp gifta hoat ddng giam sit ciia nhin din vdi hoat dgng giam sit tdi cao cfla Qude hdi Bdi vi, hoat dgng Ba Id, td chflc trien khai Lugt Phdng, giim sit tdi cao cfla Qude hgi la hoat dpng chdng tham nhung mgt each toan dien Trong giim sit mang tinh quydn lye nhi nudc cao dd, chfl trpng viec ting cudng hoat dgng giim nhit, va vay, dugc kdt hgp vdi hoat sat cua nhan dan ddi vdi cin bg, ding vien, dgng giam sit trye tidp cua nhin dan (giim cdng chflc vi cac td chflc, co quan dang, nhi sit mang tinh xa hdi), sS tao mgt co che nudc Can cd eic didu kifn bio dam, eic phip ly bao dam cho hoat dgng giim sit phuang in bio v? cho nhiing ei nhan mgnh ciia nhin dan dugc tidn hinh cd hifu qui dan td eio cie hinh vi tham nhung, di ddi vdi tren thye td chd dg khen thudng kip thdi Ndm Id, cin cii tidn, hoin thifn che dp, Ning Phdp lenh Ddn chu ca sd the chd biu eu, bio dim dai bidu dan cfl "Luit Din chfl co sd" Diy li mdt vi?c cin vfla mang tfnh dai di|n, vua hoat dgng cd sdm dugc tidn hinh dk tao ca sd phip ly cho chit lugng, hieu qui, nhit li ddi vdi dai viec thye hinh dan chfl trye tidp d ea sd bidu Qude hdi, dai bidu Hgi ddng nhan din Tidp tyc sfla ddi, bd sung Lugt Khiiu va can bg lim viec eic ca quan cua ngi, td cdo, tdng kdt vi?e thuc hi?n Lugt Mat tran Td qude De lim tdt viec niy, Mit Khiiu ruji to cdo hi?n hinh va tdng kdt tran Td qude cin ddi mdi vd chit hoat dgng 40 LY L U A N CHiNH TRI - 2011 gidi thidu dai bidu va ho^t dgng hi?p thuang lya chgn danh sich d^ bidu Dong thdi, cfl tri cin dugc cung cip diy dfl thdng tin ve irng cfl vien cung nhu chuong trinh hinh ddng cua hg trung cfl; vi cudi cung, ein tang cudng hoat ddng giim sit true tidp ciia cu tri Iflc biu cfl Dd tridn khai co chd giim sit vi PBXH, tmdc mit cin ban hinh quy chd giim sit vi PBXH cua Mat trin Td qude vi cie doin thd nhin din vdi loai hinh khie li: 1) Giim sit vi PBXH hdi ddi vdi td chflc dang vi ding vien; 2) Giim sit vi PBXH ddi vdi Qude hdi, Hdi ddng nhin din, Toi in, Vien kiem sit, co quan tu phip khie, cin bg cdng chflc cua cie co quan niy va dai bieu din cfl; 3) Giim sit vi PBXH ddi vdi cie co quan h? thdng hinh chinh nhi nude vi cin bg, cdng chflc he thdng cie co quan dd Rieng PBXH cua Mat trin Td qude Viet Nam, cin luu y mdt sd diem nhu sau: Thu nhdt: vd pham vi ngi dung PBXH Khdng phii mgi chfl tmong, chinh sach cfla Ding vi phip luat cfla nhi nudc Mat trin Td quoc Viet Nam ddu phin bien mi chi phin bien nhung chfl tmong, chinh sich, phip luat cd lien quan ddn quydn, nghTa vu vi lgi ieh chinh dang cua eic ting ldp nhin din, den td chflc bd miy vi ein bg chfl chdt he thdng chfnh tri, nhung ehinh sich cy thd ddi vdi cac giai cip, eic tang ldp xi hdi, eic din tpc, eic tdn giio vi ngudi Vi?t Nam d nudc ngoai; quydn vi trieh nhi?m cfla Mat Uan Td qude Viet Nam; ke hoach, chuang trinh vi nhftng chinh sich cy the vd kinh td xa hgi, an ninh, qude phdng vi ddi ngogi Thu hai: vd chfl thd dugc PBXH li co quan, td chflc cua Ding, ca quan nhi nudc d Trung uomg va dja phucmg cd tham LY L U A N CHiNH TR! 6-2011 quyen xiy dung de an Thdi diem PBXH dugc bit diu tfl khdi thio dy in, dd in Thu ba: Uy ban Mat tran Td qude Viet Nam vi cie td chflc thinh vien cfla Mat trin vdi tu cich li chu thd PBXH cd quyen vi trieh nhiem de nghi co quan, td chflc cd thim quyen xiy dyng dy in, de in chuyen den Mat trin Td qude Viet Nam vi cie td chflc thinh vien hftu quan vin kien khdi thio dy in, de in vi dy thio du in, de in de nghien cflu, td chflc phin bien, gfli ket qui phin bien den co quan, td chflc hiiu quan de giii quyet; co quan, td chflc cd thim quyen xiy dung dy in, dd in tri ldi bang van bin ve viec tiep thu phin bien cfla Mat trin Td qude Viet Nam, cie td chflc thinh vien hftu quan Tmdng hgp co quan, td chflc dugc phin bien khdng tiep thu ket qui phin bien, thi cd quyen kien nghi len CO quan, td chflc cip tren trye tiep hoic co quan td chflc cd thim quyen xem xet, quyet dinh Dugc bio dim eic dieu kif n can thiet de thuc hifn phin bi?n vi chju trieh nhiem tmdc nhin din vd ndi dung phin bien eua td chflc minh Thu tu: ca quan, td chflc li ddi tugng dugc phin bi?n cd quyen vi trieh nhi?m de nghi Mat trin Td qude Viet Nam vi cie td chflc thinh vien hiiu quan thye hifn vife phin bien ddi vdi dy in, dk in thugc tham quyen xiy dyng, ban hinh ciia co quan, td chflc minh tfl khdi thio dy in, de in; tidp thu toin bd ket qui phan bien, khdng tiep thu hoae tiep thu tflng ngi dyng cfla kien nghi phin bien vi tri ldi bing vin bin de chfl thd phin bien biet; ddi thoai vdi chu the phin bien vd nhung ngi dung, kien nghi phin bifn can lim rd; cung cip diy du thdng tin, tii lieu lien quan ddn ngi dung phin bi|n ciia du in, de an theo yeu ciu eua chfl thd thye hl$n phin bifn vi cap 41 kinh phi tfl du in, dd in dd chfl thd thye hien PBXH Ve nguon lire vd ngudn luc ngudi vi ngudn tii chinh dd thye hien PBXH cin dugc dim bao vi quy dinh rd cie quy che Cin dim bio didu kien ve tii chinh, vat chit thuc thi cdng tic giim sit, PBXH; cd chd dai ngd phfl hgp de khuyen khich cin bd mat trin Cin phit huy tiem ning cfla cie vien rdng ldn cfla Mat trin Td qude Viet Nam, cua cie ci nhin tieu bieu, cie Hdi ddng Tu vin cua Mat trin Td qude Viet Nam (hien d Trung uong Mat trin Td qude Viet Nam cd Hdi ddng Tu vin tren cie ITnh vyc phip luit ve kinh te, vin hoi, xa hdi, khoa hgc vi giio due, ddi ngoai), luc lugng cdng tic vien vi doin vien, hdi vien li nhiing chuyen gia tren cie ITnh vyc Ddng thdi, thdng qua hoat ddng cua Mat trin vi eic td chflc thinh vien, Mat trin tdng hgp y kien, de nghj, kien nghi eua cfl tri vi cie ting ldp nhan dan tap hgp du luin xa hdi li ngudn thdng tin, tu lieu vd cung phong phfl ve ci ly luin vi thuc tiin de cd CO sd phan bien Mat trin vi cie doan the nhan din phii biet sfl dyng nhung ngudi that sy cd dfle, cd tii, cd diing khf, dim phan bien vi biet phin bien Mat trin cin cd cie bien phip ning cao trinh ddi ngu lanh dao mat trin cie cap, cd chinh sich quy hoach dio tao, bdi dudng vi thu hflt cin bd cd nang luc, trinh do, pham chit, dao dfle Tip hgp xiy dyng mdt ddi ngu chuyen gia cd trinh chinh tri, chuyen mdn, cd chinh kidn, cd tu dde lap, thye sy "phung cdng, thu phip", theo tinh thin cua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh, thuc sy cd tam, nim vi hidu dugc nguyen vgng chinh dang, hgp ly cfla dan vi 42 cd dfl ning luc phan bien Vdi td chflc he thdng mat tran chat che, hgp ly, hoat dgng cd hieu qui se thye hien dugc chflc ning giim sat va PBXH ma Ding, Nha nudc va nhan dan mong mudn Qua trinh td chflc PBXH phii dim bio tinh dang, tinh nhin dan, tmh khoa hgc, khich quan vi thidt thuc Yeu ciu cip bieh cua Mat trin hien li phai cd he thdng tiep nhan vi xfl ly thdng tin tdt tren co sd dd de Mat tran dua nhung y kien cfla minh E)dng thdi Mat trin ciing dya vio bio chi dd phin inh kip thdi, mang tinh cdng khai nhung vin dd giim sat, phin bien Trong thdi ky ddi mdi dat nudc vi hgi nhap qude te hien Mat trin ed nhiem vy chfl yeu la: tip hgp, xay dyng khdi dai doan kdt toin din; phit huy din chfl; dai dien cho quyen vi lgi ieh hgp phip, chinh dang cua nhin din; xay dung sy ddng thuan xa hdi; giim sit vi PBXH Nam nhiem vy niy ed mdi quan he gin bd chit che, bd sung vi tao dieu kien cho thye tien hoat ddng cfla Mat trin, dd PBXH li mdt nhiing chu tmong mdi cua Dang, nhim gdp phin xay dyng vi tflng budc hoin thien nen din chfl XHCN, bao dam quydn lye thudc ve nhin dan Diy li mdt vin dd mdi gdp phin ning cao chit lugng lanh dao cua Ding va su quin ly cua Nhi nudc, ciing li mdt vinh du vi nhiem vu ldn Iao ma khdng mgt td chflc nio cd the dim ducmg thay Mat Uan dugc Vi viy phii manh dan tip trung vio chflc ning quan trgng niy, giim bdt nhiing viec cd the ciing quan trgng vi cd ieh, song cie td chflc khie cd the lim (1),(2) DCSVN: Vdn ki^n Dgi hpi dgi hiiu toan quPc ldn thu XI, NXB Chinh Uj qude gia Ha Npi, 2011, U.87, 145 LYLUAN CHiNH TRI 6-2011 ... rdng ldn cfla Mat trin Td qude Viet Nam, cua cie ci nhin tieu bieu, cie Hdi ddng Tu vin cua Mat trin Td qude Viet Nam (hien d Trung uong Mat trin Td qude Viet Nam cd Hdi ddng Tu vin tren cie ITnh... dai dien cho quyen vi lgi ieh hgp phip, chinh dang cua nhin din; xay dung sy ddng thuan xa hdi; giim sit vi PBXH Nam nhiem vy niy ed mdi quan he gin bd chit che, bd sung vi tao dieu kien cho thye... bio dim cho nhin din tham gia hoat ddng giim sit vi PBXH Bon Id, tang cudng sy phdi hgp, ket hgp giua hoat ddng giim sit cua nhin din, thdng qua hoat dgng cfla Mat trin Td qude Viet Nam vi cie