1 Week 1 REVISION FOR THE GCSE 2021 2022 (1 st ) 1 PRACTISE PRONOUNCING “ ED” “ S”, “ ES” EXERCISE 1 Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others 1 A walked B ended.
Week 1- REVISION FOR THE GCSE 2021-2022 (1st) PRACTISE PRONOUNCING “-ED” - “-S”, - “-ES”: EXERCISE 1: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others A walked B ended C started D wanted A killed B hurried C regretted D planned A visited B showed C wondered D studied A sacrificed B finished C fixed D seized A needed B booked C stopped D washed A loved B teased C washed D rained A packed B punched C pleased D pushed A filled B naked C suited D wicked A caused B increased C practised D promised 10 A washed B parted C passed D barked EXERCISE 2: Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others A remembers B cooks C walls D pyramids A miles B words C accidents D names A sports B plays C chores D minds A nations B speakers C languages D minds A proofs B looks C lends D stops A dates B bags C photographs D speaks A parents B brothers C weekends D feelings A chores B dishes C houses D coaches PRACTISE QUESTION TAGS A Complete the sentences with the correct question tags She is collecting stamps,……………………………….? We often watch TV in the afternoon,…………………………… ? You have cleaned your bike,…………………………… ? John and Mike don't like English,…………………………… ? Peter played handball yesterday, …………………………… ? They are going home from school, …………………………… ? Mary didn't her homework last Monday, …………………………… ? He could have bought a new car, …………………………… ? Mark will come tonight, …………………………… ? -1- 10 I'm clever, …………………………… ? 11 John smokes a lot,…………………………… ? 12 My mother has lovely hair, …………………………… ? B Choose the best answers I am right, _? A am not I B don‟t I C aren‟t I The picture cost 3,000 USD, ? A does it B did it C doesn‟t it D didn‟t it Let‟s go to the seaside, ? A you B shall we C we D will you Everything was cheap then, ? A wasn‟t it B weren‟t they C isn‟t it D aren‟t they You have tea for breakfast, you? A haven‟t B don‟t C won‟t D have He seldom goes fishing, ? A doesn‟t he B is he C does he D isn‟t he He used to sell traditional handicrafts, ? A hasn‟t he B didn‟t he C doesn‟t he D wasn‟t he She had to the shopping for her neighbor, she? A didn‟t B hadn‟t C does D isn‟t Linda never goes to school late, she ? A does B doesn‟t C will D won‟t 10 Everyone has equal rights under the law, ? A have they B haven‟t they C they D don‟t they 11 He isn‟t going to like this, ? A didn‟t he B did he C won‟t he D is he PRACTISE ADJECTIVE ORDER A Choose the best answer _ A a pair of sport new French shoes B a pair of new sport French shoes C a pair of new French sport shoes D a pair of French new sport shoes _ A a young tall beautiful lady B a tall young beautiful lady C a beautiful young tall lady D a beautiful tall young lady _ A an old wooden thick table B a thick old wooden table C a thick wooden old table D a wooden thick old table _ A a modern Vietnamese racing car B a Vietnamese modern racing car C a racing Vietnamese modern car D a modern racing Vietnamese car _ A a new interesting English book B an English new interesting book C an interesting English new book D an interesting new English book D am I SEQUENCE OF TENSES Main Clause S + V(simple present) Adverbial Clause of Time S + V(simple present) S + V (present continuous) S + V (future perfect) S + V(present perfect) S + V(present perfect) S + V(simple present) S + V(simple present) S + V(simple past) S +V(simple past) S + V(simple future) S + V(past continuous) S + V(past perfect) -2- Meaning Hành động bình thường theo thói quen Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục hành động theo thói quen Nhấn mạnh hồn tất hành động Nhấn mạnh hồn tất Thì đơn mang nghĩa tương lai Nhấn mạnh hoàn tất hành động tương lai Hành động theo thói quen Động từ trạng thái, hành động ngắn Hai hành động xảy lúc, hành động ngắn, khơng liên tục Nhấn mạnh tính trước sau S + V (past continuous) S +V(simple past) S + V (past perfect) S + V(present perfect) S + V(past continuous) S +V(simple past) S + V(simple past) hành động xảy bị hành động khác xen vào Hai hành động xảy lúc Nhấn mạnh tính trước sau hành động xảy khứ tiếp diễn S + V(present perfect) Lưu ý:-Khơng dùng tương lai mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian tương lai Liên từ thường dùng mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian: when, while, as, as soon as, by the time, before, after, as long as(khi mà), until, whenever, since, just as, till, no sooner …………… than, hardly/scarely/ barely ………….when(vừa … thì) - S + HAD + no sooner + V3/V-ed + … + than + S2 + V2/V-ed (Cấu trúc thường dùng đảo ngữ) - S+ SUGGEST/PROPOSAL/PROPOSE+ that + S + V (bare inf)/ should + V(bare inf) It is/was + essential … *Cách làm tập BIẾN ĐỔI CÂU (transformation) THÌ (tense) Dạng 1: Ex: The last time I met him was years ago (= I last met him years ago = It is/has been years since I last met him) I have …………………………………………………………………… I have not met him for years The last time I met him was in 2007(= I last met him in 2007) I have ………………………………………………………………… I have not met him since 2007 Dạng 2: Ex: I started/ begin working here in 2003 I started/ begin working here months ago I have (worked/ been working here for months I have (worked/ been working here since 2003 Dạng 3: Ex: This is the first time I have eaten the Chinese food I have never/ not eaten the Chinese food before THE SUBJUNCTIVE IN “THAT” CLAUSES A.The subjunctive in “that” clauses: thường sử dụng số trường hợp sau: a Dùng với “would rather”: S1 + would rather that + S2 + bare-inf Ex: I would rather that you not take this train b Dùng với số động từ: Suggest/ propose Request/ ask Insist (that) + S + bare/inf or should + bare/inf Advise Recommend Demand Ex: The teacher demand that we be on time I insisted thet he pay me the money I requested that he should leave because he was making so much noise c Dùng với: It‟s important It‟s necessary -3- It‟s essential (that) + S + bare/inf or should + bare/inf It‟s imperative It‟s vital… Ex: It‟s important that they be told the truth B.Past subjunctive: Được dùng trường hợp sau: a Câu điều kiện loại 2: (khơng có thực tại) If + S + V2/ed, S + would/could/might + V0 b Câu điều ước khơng có thực tại: If only + S + V2/ed (be: were) S + wish + (that) S + V2/ed (be: were) c Dùng với “ would rather” diễn tả mong muốn tương lai S1 + would rather+ (that) + S2 + V2/ed (be: were) d Dùng với as if/as though diễn tả điều trái với S + Vs/es + as if/ as though + S + V2/ed (be: were) Ex: If I were you, I would accept that invitation If only my father were here now I would rather you didn‟t smoke here He acts as if he were a millionaire WORD FORMS Cách nhận biết từ loại: a Cánh nhận biết danh từ: danh từ thường có hậu tố sau: -TION/ -ATION -MENT development, employment, disappointment, instrument -ENCE/-ANCE existence, difference, importance -NESS richness, happiness, business -ER (chỉ người) teacher, speaker, worker, writer, singer -OR (chỉ người) -IST (chỉ người) -AR/-ANT/-EE (chỉ người) beggar, assistant, employee, interviewee -ING teaching, understanding, schooling, building -AGE teenage, marriage, passage, package, drainage -SHIP friendship, scholarship, championship -ISM (chủ nghĩa) -(I)TY (verb)-AL -TH prevention, invention, preservation, conservation, information sailor, inventor, visitor, actor, editor physicist, typist, biologist, chemist, guitarist pessimism, optimism, criticism, idealism (chủ nghĩa tâm) possibility, responsibility, reality, beauty, safety, variety refusal, arrival, survival width, warmth, strength, youth, truth, depth b Cánh nhận biết tính từ: tính từ thường có hậu tố sau: -FUL harmful, useful, successful, helpful, beautiful -4- -LESS (nghĩa phủ định) (noun)-Y (có nhiều) (noun)-LY (có vẻ, hàng ngày giờ.ngày ) -ISH foolish, selfish, childish (noun)-AL (thuộc về) industrial, natural, agricultural, musical -OUS poisonous, nervous, dangerous, famous -IVE active, expensive, attractive, progressive -IC artistic, electric, economic -ABLE countable, fashionable, comfortable, acceptable Note: Một số tính từ xuất phát từ động từ có „-ING” –“ED” Ex: homeless, careless, treeless rainy, snowy, sandy, windy manly, friendly, motherly, yearly, hourly, daily interesting/interested Bored/boring Exciting/excited… -Tính từ tận –“ING” cho biết tính chất việc, vật, mang nghĩa chủ động Ex: The film was very interesting It was quite surprising that he passed the exam -Tính từ tận –“ED” cho biết trạng thái người nào, mang nghĩa bị động Ex: We were surprised that he passed the exam c Cánh nhận biết động từ: động từ thường có tiền tố hậu tố sau: Tiền tố EN- -FY -IZE, -ISE -EN widen, frighten, brighten, sharpen -ATE considerate, translate, nominate d Cánh nhận biết trạng từ: trạng từ thường có hậu tố -LY Ex: beautifully, carefully, suddenly, carelessly, recently Lƣu ý: Một số trạng từ đặc biệt cần ghi nhớ: - good (a) well (adv): giỏi, tốt - late (a) late(adv) / lately (adv): gần - ill (a) - fast (a) fast (adv): nhanh - hard (a) hard (adv): tích cực, vất vả, chăm Chức số từ loại: endanger, enlarge, enrich (làm giàu), encourage (động viên) classify, modify, satisfy socialize, modernize, industrialize ill (adv): xấu, tồi, hardly (adv): hầu nhƣ không a Danh từ (Noun) Sau tính từ They are interesting books (adj + N) Sau - mạo từ: a /an / the He is a student - từ định: this, that, these, those, every, each, … These flowers are beautiful - từ số lượng: many, some, few, little, several She needs some water -5- - tính từ sở hữu: my, his, her, your, our, their, its… Sau ngoại động từ (V cần O) She buys books She meets a lot of people Sau giới từ He talked about the story yesterday (prep + N) He is interested in music Trƣớc V chia (N làm chủ từ) The main has just arrived Sau enough I don‟t have enough money to buy that house (enough + N) b Tính từ (Adj) Trƣớc N This is an interesting books (Adj + N) I am tired Sau TO BE Sau: become, get, look(trơng có vẻ), feel, taste(có It becomes hot vị ), smell(có mùi ), seem … She feels sad Sau trạng từ It is extremely cold (adv + adj) I‟m terribly sorry She is very beautiful Sau keep / make The news made me happy Sau too That house is too small ( be + too + adj) Trƣớc enough The house isn‟t large enough (be + adj + enough) Trong cấu trúc: She was so angry that she can‟t speak be + so + adj + that A, an, the, this, that, his, her, their, my, … + (Adj) My new car is blue + Noun Trong câu cảm thán: - How + adj + S + V How beautiful the girl is! - What + (a / an) + adj + N What an interesting film! c Trạng từ (Adv) Sau V thƣờng He drove carefully Trƣớc Adj I meet an extremely handsome man Giữa cụm V She has already finished the job -6- Đầu câu trƣớc dấu phẩy Unfortunately, I couldn‟t come the party Sau too They walked too slowly to catch the bus V + too + adv Trong cấu trúc V + so + adv + that Jack drove so fast that he caused an accident Trƣớc enough V + adv + enough You should write clearly enough for every body to read REPORTED SPEECH A.Review reported speech: Khi động từ tường thuật khứ, để đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta đổi BA yếu tố ngơi, động từ trạng từ thời gian nơi chốn a Ngôi: - Đổi thứ NHẤT (I, me, my, mine &We, us ,our(s)) phù hợp với CHỦ NGỮ mệnh đề - Đổi thứ HAI (you , your(s)) phù hợp với TÂN NGỮ mệnh đề - Ngơi thứ BA( he, him, his, she, her(s), it(s), they, them, their(s) ) không đổi b Thì trạng ngữ: Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp PRESENT SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS ( S + was/were + V-ing) PRESENT PERFECT / PAST PAST PERFECT (S + had + P.P) SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS (S + had + been + v-ing) Will / shall + bare inf Would / should + bare inf Must + bare inf Had to + bare inf Is / am/ are going to Was / were going to Can / May Could / Might This / these That / those Now Then Here There Ago Before The day after tomorrow In days' time The day before yesterday days before Today / tonight That day / that night Tomorrow The day after / the following day / the next day Yesterday The day before / the previous day Last night / month / week / year The night / month / week / year before I Commands: Câu mệnh lệnh S+ told / asked / begged / warned / required / requested to inf +O+ not to inf Ex1: “Please give this book to him tomorrow” I said to Lan → I told Lan to give that book to him the following day Ex2: The teacher said “Nam, don‟t put your leg on the chair.” -7- → The teacher asked Nam not to put his leg on the chair Câu đề nghị giúp làm việc cách lịch sự: “ Would you mind + V-ing ?” Would Will + you (please) + bare inf ? Can Could S + asked / told + O + to inf Ex: “Could you please show me the way to the market ?” The stranger said to the boy → The stranger told / asked the boy to show him / her the way to the market II Statements: Câu phát biểu: told + O +S+V S+ said (to + O ) Ex1: Miss Hoa said: “You should improve your English pronunciation, Lien” → Miss Hoa told Lien (that) she should improve her English pronunciation Ex2: “ I did my homework yesterday” Minh said → Minh said he had done his homework the day before Ex3: "Linh is repairing your bike now” I said to Lan → I told Lan (that) Linh was repairing her bike then III Questions: Câu hỏi WH – questions: Ex: “ What are you doing now ?” I asked her I asked her what she was doing then Yes – No questions: question word + S + V ( WH-questions) wanted to know S+ wondered + if / whether + S +V (Yes - No questions) asked + O Ex: “Do you like classical music, Nam ?” Miss Hoa asked → Miss Hoa asked Nam if he liked classical music IV Những trƣờng hợp không thay đổi động từ: a Khi động từ tường thuật tương lai Ex: She says to me: "I like classical music" → She tells me she likes classical music b Nếu câu trực tiếp câu điều kiện loại loại Ex: "If the weather were fine, we could go camping", Peter said → Peter said if the weather were fine, they could go camping c Nếu câu trực tiếp có trợ động từ: should, would, could, ought to, might, used to, had better Ex: "You should practice speaking English every day" the teacher said to Mai → The teacher said that Mai should practice speaking English every day d Thì khứ giả định (past subjunctive) giữ nguyên sau: (I) wish , would rather , It‟s time Ex: She said “I wish I had a lot of books.” → She told me she wished she had a lot of books -8- e Thì đơn diễn tả thật hiển nhiên, chân lí Ex: She said " Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius." → She said that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius Tĩm tắt A/ Statements Câu gián tiếp (reported speech) * S + V1( said) + (that) + S2+ V2+( ADV of time/ place) * S + V1( told )+ O + (that) + S2+ V2+( ADV of time/ place) (Câu phát biểu) B/ Commands (Câu mệnh lệnh) C1/Wh-questions C2/Yes/ questions No 1* S+ V+ (not) + to infinitive (promise, (dis)agree, refuse, threaten, hope, expect, want, ask, wish, need, dare, offer, plan, fail, swear, try, pretend, manage, intend, choose, fear, demand, seem, tend…) 2* S + V + O + (not) + to infinitive (ask, tell, order, beg, allow, remind, encourage, advise, invite, warn, wish, want, command, force, suspect, forbid, need, permit,urge, recommend…) 3* S + V +(prep) + Ving (suggest, deny, detest, delay, postpone, fancy, imagine, keep, risk, avoid, appreciate, admit, miss, practise, dislike, enjoy, save, hate, love, mind, mention, prefer, object to, look forward to, apologize for, feel like, insist on, think of, dream of, worry about, confess to, approve of…) 4* S + V + O + prep + Ving (warn…against, blame…for, thank…for, accuse…of, congratulate … on, discourage…from, forgive…for, prevent…from, stop… from, suspect…of…) * S + asked + (O) + wh-… + clause (S+V) * S + wondered + wh-… + clause (S+V) * S + wanted to know + wh-… + clause (S+V) * S + asked + (O) * S + wondered + if / whether + clause (S+V) + if /whether + clause (S+V) * S + wanted to know + if / whether + clause (S+V) Review forms, use and kinds of passive voice ACTIVE Simple present : (always, sometimes, often, every…… ) S + V1/Vs/es + O EX 1: Nam buys two books in that shop 2/ Simple past: (yesterday, last, ago… ) S +V2/ed + O +…… EX 2: Mary bought two books 3/.Simple future:( tomorrow, next,…) S + will + V1 +O +…… EX 3: Mary will send this letter 4/ Present perfect: (just, since, for, so far ,recently, lately, up to now… ) S + have/ has + V3/ed +O+…………… EX 4: Nam has typed three letters 5/ Past perfect : S + had + V3/ed + O +…………… PASSIVE 1/ Simple present : So + am/ is /are + V3/ed + …………+ by Os Two books are bought in that shop by Nam 2/ Simple past: So + was/ were + V3/ed +…………+by Os Two books were bought by Mary 3/.Simple future : So + will be + V3/ed +…………………by Os This letter will be sent by Mary 4/ Present perfect : So + has/ have + been + V3/ed +…………+by Os Three letters have been typed by Nam 5/ Past perfect : So + had + been + V3/ed +…………… by Os -9- EX: They had sent the letter before I The letter had been sent before I required required 6/ Future perfect : 6/ Future perfect : S + will + have + V3/ed + O So + will + have + been +V3/ed + ……… +by Os EX6:Mai will have sent a letter by next The letter will have been sent by Mary by next Monday Monday 7/ Present continuous : 7/ Present continuous : S+ am/ is /are +V-ing + O So + am/ is /are + being + V3/ed +…… +by Os Ex: Lan is doing the homework now The homework is being done by Lan now 8/ Past continuous : 8/ Past continuous : S+ was/were +V-ing + O So + was / were + being + V3/ed +… +by Os Ex: Lan was doing the homework at that The homework was being done by Lan at that time time NHỮNG TRƢỜNG HỢP PASSIVE VOICE ĐẶC BIỆT: S + can/ could… +bare –inf (V nguyên mẫu) +O So + can/ could… + be + V3/ed +by+Os may/might may/ might + be + V3/ed must/ had to must/ had to + be + V3/ed have to /has to have to /has to + be + V3/ed used to used to + be + V3/ed S + see/hear/watch/notice… + O + bare-inf (V.ng mau) So + be (chia theo “hear/see ”) + made/ seen… + to -inf+by O Ex: They saw the man run away The man was seen to run away (Nếu cấu trúc chủ động V-ing chuyển sang bị động V-ing) Ex: Nam made her cry a lot She was made to cry a lot by Nam Passive with Reporting Verb: S1+ say/ think/ know / find /believe that S2 + V2 + O ……… Cách 1: It + is/was/has been… (tùy theo “say/think ) + said/thought/known/ found/ believed+ that+ S2 + V2+ O Cách : S2 + be(tùy theo “say/think )) + said/ thought/ known / … +to-inf to have V3/ed +by O… Causative Passive : Thể nhờ vả Active : S +have/had S.O (người) + bare – inf + S th (vật) Passive : S+ have / had+ S.th (vật) +V3/ed +by + S.O (người) b/ Active: S + get/got + S.O + to - inf + S.th Passive : S +get/got +S.th +V3/ed +by +S.O a/ Ex : I am going to have Nam repair my bike I am going to have my bike repaired by Nam Ex : I got him to repair my bike I got my bike repaired (by him) Make/let Active: S + make + O + bare –inf Pasive: S + be (is/am/are/was…) + made + to – inf Active: S + let + O + bare –inf Pasive: S + be (is/am/are/was…) + allowed + to – inf Câu mệnh lệnh: Active : (Don‟t) V + O Passive: (Don‟t) Let + O + be + Ved/3 Ex: Write your name here Let your name be written here -10- English 12 – Huynh Thuc Khang Upper Secondary School – 2021-2022 S – V + SO + adj + a + Noun (số ít) + THAT + S + V Ex: It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors = It was such a hot day that…… S - V + SUCH + ( a/ an ) + adj + noun + THAT + S – V: Quá…đến mà… I B Phrase of result: S - V + TOO + adj/ adv + ( for some one ) + TO –inf : Q… để làm S - V + ENOUGH + noun + ( for some one ) + TO –inf: Đủ để làm gì… Adj / adv + ENOUGH Lƣu ý: Nếu động từ sau chủ ngữ “tobe” dùng tính từ (adj) Ex: She is so beautiful that I want to look at her all the time Nếu động từ sau chủ ngữ động từ thường dùng trạng từ (adv) Ex: She sings so beautifully that everyone wants to hear her C It takes/took + S.O + khoảng thời gian + to-inf : Mất để làm = S.O spend/spent + khoảng thời gian + V-ing Ex: It took her hour and a half to prepare dinner = She spent hour and a half preparing dinner CLAUSES/PHRASES OF REASON, CONCESSION, PURPOSE Clauses and phrases of reason: (Lý do) - Because/ Since/As + Clause ( S+V ) : Bởi vì… - Because of/ Due to/ Thanks to + Noun /Noun phrase/V-ing: Bởi vì., nhờ vào… Clauses and phrases of concession: (Nhƣợng bộ) - Although / Though/ Even though + Clause ( S+V ) : Mặc dù… - In spite of / Despite + Noun /Noun phrase/V-ing: Mặc dù……… - In spite of the fact that / Despite the fact that + S + V *) Các cấu trúc khác mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng - Wh- question+ever Whatever (+ noun) Whichever (+ noun) Whoever (+ noun) + S + V, S + V = Cho dù… Whenever Wherever However + adj / adv * Chú ý ta đặt adj / adv sau However Whoever he may be, I won‟t believe what he says (Cho dù anh ai, tơi khơng tin nói.) Whatever you do, I will favour you (Dù cậu làm gì, ủng hộ) However rich he is, he never helps the needed No matter + Wh- question = Cho dù… No matter + Wh- question + S + V, S + V No matter what jobs he got, he was not satisfied No matter how cold it was, he didn‟t wear warm clothes - It doesn‟t matter+ Wh- question -18- English 12 – Huynh Thuc Khang Upper Secondary School – 2021-2022 It doesn’t matter + Wh- question) + S + V, S + V = Cho dù… Ex: No matter who you are, I still love you No matter what she says, I don‟t believe her No matter how rich you are, I don‟t love you No matter what he does, he always tries his best No matter when she comes, I always welcome her No matter where he lives, I always find him Note: No matter who = whoever No matter what = whatever No matter when = whenever No matter where = wherever No matter how = however Ex: Whoever you are, I still love you Whatever others may say, you are certainly right Whenever you return, she waits for you It doesn‟t matter what she does, she is careful * Chú ý ta đặt adj / adv sau How - Adj / Adv + as/ though + S + (may) + V + Patient as he was, he had no intention of waiting for three hours Quietly though I had spoken, the medical superrintendent heard - Much as = Mặc dầu (kết hợp nghĩa although very much ) Much as he longs our marriage, he‟s completely absorbed in the making of maps ( Although he longs for our marriage very much, ) - Clauses/phrases of purpose a Phrases of purpose (Cụm từ mục đích) S + V + to-infinitive S + V + in order to + V (bare- infinitive) Để mà S + V + so as to + V (bare- infinitive) Example: I try to study to pass my next exam I try to study in order to pass my next exam He does morning exercises regularly so as to improve his health * Nếu muốn diễn tả mục đích phủ định, ta dùng cụm từ bắt đầu “so as not” “in order not to” Example: She got up early so as not to miss the bus He studies hard so as not to fail in the exam b Clauses of purpose (Mệnh đề mục đích) S+ V + so that/ in order that + S + will/ would + V (bare-infinitive) can/ could may/ might Example: I try all my best to study English in order that I can I can find a better job I try to study so that I can pass the exam He hurried so that he wouldn‟t miss the train Lƣu ý: chủ ngữ mệnh đề mệnh đề mục đích khác nhau, ta không dùng phrases of purpose SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT (SỰ HÒA HỢP CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ) Chủ ngữ số + động từ số -19- English 12 – Huynh Thuc Khang Upper Secondary School – 2021-2022 Chủ ngữ số nhiều + động từ số nhiều Notes: a Danh từ số ít:+ danh từ không đếm như: butter, water, happiness, work, information + danh từ đếm số : book, student, chair, dog, cat… b Danh từ số nhiều: books, students, chairs, dogs, cats … Cách thành lập danh từ số nhiều: + Thêm “s”: boys, houses, mothers, pens… + Thêm “es”: dishes, churches, boxes, buses… + Đổi “y” thành “I”, thêm “es”: baby _ babies , party _ parties, fly _ flies… + Đổi “f”, “fe” thành “ves”: knife_ knives, wife _ wives, life _ lives… + Ln hình thức số nhiều: trousers, jeans, scissors, glasses… + Trường hợp đặt biệt: man/ men, woman/ women, foot/ feet, child/ children, sheep/ sheep… Other rules: - every , some one , anyone , everything , each + V(số ít) - khoảng tiền , khoảng thời gian , khối lượng , khoảng cách + V(số ít) - To-inf phrase + V(số ít) V-ing phrase + V(số ít) That clause +V(số ít) -Chủ từ mơn học tận ICS + V (số ít) : - Linguistics : ngôn ngữ học, Economics : kinh tế học, Phonetics : ngữ âm học , Athletics : môn điền kinh , Politics : trị học … -Chủ ngữ từ news (tin tức), diseases ( chứng bệnh ) : measles (bệnh sởi ) , mumps (bệnh quai bị), rickets ( bệnh cịi xương ) … + V(số ) - people , cattle (gia súc) , police … + V (số nhiều) - The + adj (chỉ nhóm người ) + V ( số nhiều) - several , many , both , a few + N số nhiều + V ( số nhiều ) - Neither Either Not only S1 S1 S1 nor or but also S1 + S2 S2 S2 + V (phụ thuộc vào S2) with / along with together with as well as no less than accompanied by + S2 + V(phụ thuộc vào S1) -There + Be + N (có ) +Nếu N số + be (số ít) +Nếu N số nhiều + be ( số nhiều ) - A number of … + V(số nhiều ) - The number of … + V(số ít) DEGREES OF COMPARISON I so sánh ngang (Equal comparison) S + “be” + as + adj(tính từ) + as + N ( đại từ ) Ex: -He is as tall as his father -Mai is as beautiful as her friend S + V + as + adv(trạng từ) + as + N ( đại từ ) -20- ... everything đƣợc thay “ It” câu hỏi đuôi: -15 - Eg : Everything will be all right, won‟t it? -16 - English 12 – Huynh Thuc Khang Upper Secondary School – 20 21- 2022 No one, Nobody, anyone, anybody, someone,... + Noun (không đếm được) + THAT + S + V Ex: He has invested so much money in the project that he can‟t abandon it now -17 - English 12 – Huynh Thuc Khang Upper Secondary School – 20 21- 2022 S –... written here -10 - CONDITIONAL SENTENCES Type 1: Câu điều kiện xảy tương lai If clause Main clause If + S + V1 / V s(es) S + will / can/ may + V1 (Nếu có not mƣợn trợ động (won’t / can’t + V1) từ: don’t