THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd2 - 2012 TAC DONG CUA © THI HOA T I VAN HOA T O C NGlTCJl (TriroTig hyp ngir6i Sin Diu if tinh Thii Nguyen) NGUYEN THI QU^ LOAN, NGUYEN XUAN CHI^N Dan lu^n Cong CU9C Dcii mdi dugc lien h ^ h hem hai thap ky qua da lam Ihay doi di?n m^o dat nude mihn nui, tdc dpng v^ chfnh sdch ciia Nha nuoc, sgr phdt Iri^n ciia thong tin vd gia tang dir dn quoc le khiln qud trinh thi h6a diln manh me D6 thi hod dugc hilu la qua trinh phdt triSn, md rgng mang ludri thi, ph6 biln l6i s6ng thi, lap trung dan cu tren pham vi mgt viing, mgt qu6c gia va khu vuc Hen quoc gia Qua trinh dd thi hod gdn vdi qud trinh tdng truong vd phdt trien ve khong gian, ddn s6 vd tdng trudng kinh tl theo hudng phi nong nghiep Vdn d£ thi hod khdng chi lien quan tdi kinh tl, ma lien quan tdi vdn hod, ddn s6, mdi trudng , do danh dugc su quan tdm cua dong dao cac nha khoa hgc Nghien curu vl thi hoa, ben canh viec tim hilu ly thuylt, nhung van de dien qud trinh thi hod nhu su chuyen tilp ciia Ihi, hieu qua cua qud trinh th; hod (Shepard, 1992), cdc nha khoa hgc d6 cap din nguyen nhan dan din tbi hod, ddc dilm cOa cong tac ngbiSn ciiu dd thj hod, nhung hudng nghien curu v6 thi cdn quan tam hien (Pivovarov, 1976; Mac Dudng, 2004) Tai Viet Nam, cac cdng trinh nghidn ciiu da budc 6iu bao qu^t dugc qud trinh thj hod, dong thdi rut nhan x6t ve nh&ng tiSu cue sinh qua Irinh thi hod (Hoang Nggc Hod, 1997), nhiJng biln d6i khong mong muon dnh hudng cua d6 thj hoa d cdc viing dan tgc thilu s6 (Nguyen Thj Qui Loan, 2008) Khong thl phii nhan nhGng lac dgng lich cue ciia thi h6a, song ben canh do, d6 thi hoa ciing t6n tai nhung tieu cyc nhdt djnh nhu: loi song dn chai, dua d6i, hudng thu ciia mgt bd phdn thilu nien; su phan hoa ke gidu ngudi ngheo; d nhilm m6i trudng gia tdng Ddc biSt, da xuat hien mau thuin giiJa phat triln va gin giii van hoa truyln thing ciia cdc tgc ngudi Nghien ciiu se gop lh8m tim hieu v6 thi hoa d nude ta, lij irudng hgp d ngudi San Diu thu6c xa H6a Thugng, huyen Ddng Hy, tinh Thdi Nguyen Qua dd, chiing toi muon xem xet qud trinh dd thi hoa vd tdc dgng cua no tdi van hda ciia ngudi San Diu nhu the nao; mat tfch cue cQng nhu tiSu cue cua qud trinh thi hoa din ngudi San Diu sao; va gidi phap nao dl phdt triln ben vftng vdn hod ciia hg Qua tnnh thi hoa & xa Hod Hiugug Hod Thugng la mgt nhung xa ndm d trung tam huyen D6ng H;y, cdch thdnh Nguyin Thj Qu/Loan - Nguyin Xudn Chii'n ph6 Thdi Nguygn khodng 6km ve phfa Bdc Dja bdn xa bdm dgc hai bfin dudng qu6c 10 IB chirng 4km ThuOc dja hinh niii th^p xen thung liing, xa cd dien lich ty: nhiSn Id 1534,5ha, Irong d6 d4t ndng nghiep chilm 833,12ha, ddt lam nghidp chilm I14.l34ha Trudc ddy, dk dai ciia xd Hod Thugng chii ylu Id dk feralit b^c mdu, nhung nhd ngudi ddn chju kh6 cdi l^o, n6n hi?n ddt dai tucmg doi mdu md Khi h^u nhi?l ddi gid miia, thdi liel n6ng am mua nhilu dd l^o thu^n Igi cho nai ddy phdt triln kinh te ndng - ldm nghidp D$c bi§t, khf h§u khd lanh ciia miia d6ng r^t thfch hgp vdi tr6ng mgt so rau cii ngdn ngdy nhu sOpla, cd r6t, bdp cdi, su hdo Tinh den Ihdng 12/2009, dan s6 ciia xd Id 12.827 ngudi vdi ddn lOc chfnh: Sdn Diu, NCing, Tdy, Vi§l (Kinh) T^i Hod Thugng, ngudi Sdn Diu c6 658 ngudi (ch ilm 51,2% ddn s6 xd), cu trii rdi rdc d 15 xdm/l x6m ciia xd, dd t^p trung ddng nhk d xdm: Tam Thdi, D6ng Thjnh vd Ding Thdi (xem Bdng !) Bdng / SI; phdn b6 dan cu ciia ngudi Sdn Diu d xd Hod Thugng Dja diem STT Ddn s6 (ngu6i) Tyl«(%) D^ng Thjnh 230 34,9 Tam Th4i 223 33,8 Dong Thai 58 8,8 Tan ThSi 39 5,8 Go Cao 15 2,2 Vai 13 2,0 Hung Thdi 13 2,0 An Thdi 12 1,8 Song Cdu 11 1,7 10 Viet Cirdng 1,4 11 Taong Qudn 1,4 12 VdnHiia 1,4 13 Son Thdi 1,4 14 Dong Thdi 0,6 15 Song Cdu 0,6 Nguon: Uy ban nhan dan xS H6a Thugng La xa tap trung nhilu phan dan tgc, nen viec song xen ke giiJa cac tgc ngudi d Hod Thugng rdt phd bi6n Hau hit cdc xom deu co tii den dan lOc cung sinh sdng, dd dan tgc Viet (Kinh) chiem dan sd ddng nhdt Viec sdng xen cu giiia cdc tdc ngudi d Hod Thugng khdng nhiing tao nen su dodn kit giiia cdc ddn tOc, ma dien su giao thoa, giao luu hgc hdi gi&a cdc tOc ngudi ve van hod, kinh te ddc biet la h6n Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd2 ~ 2012 nhan hon hgp giiJa cdc tgc ngudi dien meinh me Cdng cuOc D6i mdi da thiic day nen kinh tl hdng hod phdt triln va hinh thdnh cdc dia bdn thuong m^i vd djch vy Iren dja bdn Hod Thugng Qud trinh dd thi hod d xa Hda Thugng chii ylu phdt triln budn bdn vd djch vu gdn liln vdi trung tdm hdnh chfnh vd dilu kien tdng d dia phuong Ngudi Sdn Diu d xd Hod Thugng dugc xem nhu bO phdn cu ddn ciia ddn tgc thilu s6 xa bi anh hudng khd mgnh ciia qud trinh dd thi h6a Ly cua dnh hudng Id bdi hg song xen cu vdi ngudi Kinh - nh&ng ngudi thao bu6n ban kinh doanh, dai di?n cho cu ddn thj d Viet Nam; d6ng thdi mgt so hg ngudi Sdn Diu la cdn bg, cdng nhdn cd co hdi tiep nhdn cdc dilu kien sdn xudt vd hoat dgng kinh tl thj trudng; noi cu tni ciia hg gdn trung tam huySn, can kl dudng qu6c 16 Xem xel qud trinh thj hoa ciia ngudi Sdn Diu d xa Hda Thugng, chiing loi chii trgng su tiep can vd tiip nhdn ciia hg vdi cac djch vu kinh l l - xa hOi (cd dich vu cdng vd djch vu tu), qua dd cd thl hieu dugc khd ndng vd xu hudng biln ddi ciia hg Su phdt triln dan so ciia ngudi Sdn Diu d xa Hda Thugng hai thap ky qua khd dn djnh Ty le lang dan sd tu nhien tir ndm 2005 den ndm 2010 binh qudn Id 1,12% Dilu d6 the hi8n su tilp cdn tot vdi cdc dich vu y tl, nhat Id dich vu vl ph6ng trdnh thai vd chdm sdc siic kh6e bd me, trS em Co cau nghl nghiep c6 sv thay d6i thl hien rd qua l^ trgng gi&a n5ng nghidp vdi ngdnh nghl, dich vu Trudc nam 1986, ngudi Sdn Diu Id cu ddn thuan nfing, mgi ti8u diing gia dinh tr6ng chd vdo tr6ng trgt vd chdn nudi Ngdy nay, cCing vdi toe dg d6 thj h6a, dat nong nghiep bi thu hep lgi NIU nhu nam 2007, dien tfch ddt tr6ng Wa Id 482ha, thi din ndm 2010 chi c6n 357ha Trong n5ng nghiep, h? thong kenh mucrng ciia xd dd dugc kien co hod, xu hudng dp dung tiln bO cua khoa hgc ky thuat vao cdc khau ldm ddt, chgn giong, sii dung phdn bdn, thulc trO sdu, gSt hdi ph6 biln ldm tdng ndng sual Ilia t& 27 ta/ha nam 1985 ten 44 ta/ha ndm 2010 T6ng gia tri sdn xudt ndng nghiep hang nam dat xap xi 12 ty d6ng, thu ngan sach t& 55 tri8u (nam 1985) len hon I ty dong (ndm 2010) Nhilu nganh ngh6, dich vu mdi xudt hien (cdt toe, may mac, siia chua difin tu dien lanh, xe may ) thu hiit dang ke lao dgng, ddi sing ciia ngudi dan dugc cdi thien r5 r6t Thu nhdp binh quan ddu ngudi dat hon trieu ddng/nam, so hg ngheo ciia xa da giam di rd ret (xem Bdng 2) Bdng Sd hO ngheo ciia dan tgc San Diu d xa Hda Thugng SShS Nam 2000 Nam 2005 Nam 2010 42 17 Ngudn: Phan tich theo tai li|u ciia Uy ban nhan ddn xa H6a Thugng Nguyin Thi Qui'Loan - Nguyin Xudn Chiih Cdc cdng trinh Irudng hgc, bOnh vi|n, ng6n ng& ciia d6ng bdo mdt ddn nh&ng d$c dudng h& tdng, nhd vdn hod, chg dugc xa dilm ciia ngdn ng& g6c, dong thdi tilp thu chii trgng d^u tu xdy dyng Tinh den ndm nh&ng d$c dilm mdi ciia cdc ngdn ngtt khdc 2007, xa da hodn thdnh ph6 cgp lieu hgc, Tr6n thyc ll, cung gi6ng nhu nhilu tOc ngudi trudng trung hgc ca sd dgt trudng chu4n thilu s6, chiic ndng ch& vilt ciia ngdn ng& quoc gia V4n dl chdm s6c siic khde cho Sdn Dlu rdt hgn h?p, s6 ngudl bill vilt ch& ngudi ddn ngdy cdng til han, the hi§n qua dfin tOc chi dim trSn dau ngdn tay Vi IS dd, khd ndng tilp c§n ciia ngudi ddn vdi cdc djch khdi niOm ngdn ng& bdi vilt khdng phdi vu khdm chUa b^nh, phbng trdnh thai, chlng luc ndo cQng bao hdm cd ch& vilt suy dinh dudng 100% trt em dugc thyc Trudc ddy, ngudi Sdn Dlu chi sii dyng hi6n chuang trinh y tl dy phdng Hi^n tgi, xd ngdn ng& m? d6 gia dinh cung nhu cd tram y ll ca sd y tl tu nhdn khdm vd giao tilp hdng ngdy Sau mien Bdc ch&a cdc b^nh vl rdng mi^ng vd thai sdn dugc hodn todn gidi phdng (1954), nhieu Ben canh dd, sy phdi trien ciia dd thi nen nguyen nhdn vl dilu ki?n ljch sii vd xa hgi da xudt hi^n mOt s6 cdn b?nh mdi nhu ciim cy thl md miic dO su dung ngdn ng& Sdn H5N1, H l N l dde biet, cdc vu tai ngn giao Dlu d cdc khu vyc cu tni theo xu hudng thdng ngdy mOt gia tdng khdc Tgi xdm Dong Thinh, mgt xom Co thl thdy cdc phuang thuc dnh thudn nong each xa trung tdm huyen, tieng hudng ciia thi hda din ddi song kinh tS - Sdn Diu cdn dugc sii dung khd biln xa hOi ciia ngudi Sdn Diu tgi xa Hoa Thugng cOng dong Vdi cdc xdm cgn kl dudng rat da dang Trudc hit Id thong qua quoc 16 nhu Tam Thai, Tan Thdi, hi?n tugng dudng djch vu cong: ddng bdo d gan song ng& San Diu - Viet lai phd biln, trung tam huy?n n6n hg de ddng hudng lgi dd tilng Vi8t chilm uu thl Dilu ndy cd the tir mgt so dich vu nhu chdm sdc sue khoe, thdy rd qua pham vi giao tiep: giao due, khoa hgc ky thuat Thu hai, thdng - Giao tilp gia dinh vd sinh hoat qua cac djch vu lu, md chii yeu cdc dich vu cgng ddng (cudi xin, tang ma): sii dyng song ngudi Vi^t (Kinh) thuc hien Thu ba, ng& Sdn Diu - Vi6t qua giao tilp vdn h6a, hgi nhdp vdi ngudi Giao tiep mdi trudng hanh Viet (Kinh) - ddy Id phuong thuc tao nSn dnh hudng khd todn dien, kl tir kinh tl den chfnh, gido due vd budn bdn (try sd xa, trudng hgc, trgm y tl, chg phiSn, hgp xdm): xa h6i, vdn hda sii dyng tilng Viet Tdc d6ng ciia thi hod tdi vdn Tiiy theo trinh dO hgc vdn vd nh6m xa boa tgc ngirdi hgi nghe nghiep ma viec tilp thu vd sii dung 3.L Tdc dgng den ngon ngii- tgc von tir vung tilng Vi6l ciia ngudi Sdn Diu ngu&i vd viic sir dung song, da ngu theo miic dg khdc Vdi nh&ng ngudi Id San Diu la lOc ngudi von cd ngudn glc cdn bO, cdng chiic va thieu nien viec tir cdc tinh phia Nam Trung Qudc di cu sang sii dung tilng Viet dat den trinh dO thudn Viet Nam Ngdn ng& cCia ddng bdo thuSc ngS thyc vd chfnh xdc tdi miic: nlu chi thdng qua he Han - Tang, tiep xiie vdi ngdn ngii ciia cdch dn m^c vd ng6n ng&, khd cd thl nhan cdc tgc ngudi khdc: ViSt, Tdy, Nung nen bilt d6 Id ngudi Sdn Diu hay ngudi Vi^t Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc s62 ~ 2012 Cdn vdi nh&ng ngudi ldm ndng nghiOp ho$c Idp trung niSn, mdc dii dien dgt tilng Vi^t chua chudn xdc, cdn nggng vd thilu dm vi, nhung nhin chung hg ndm v&ng tilng Vi^t Sau Ddi mdi, sy phdt triln ciia cdc hinh thiic ddo tgo gido dye (gido dye ph6 thdng, bl tiic vdn hda, Idp dgy nghl, xda mil ch& ) khiln cho pham vi giao tilp ciia ngudi Sdn Diu vdi cdc tgc ngudi khdc - nhdt Id vdi ngudi ViOt (Kinh) dugc md rOng Mdt khdc, s6ng xen cdi nSn sy giao tilp gi&a cdc tOc ngudi dugc thyc hiOn bdng ng6n ng& thdng khiln tilng Sdn Diu hdu nhu ft dugc sii dung MOt tinh trang trd nen biln d cu dan Sdn Diu, dd la viec sii dyng tieng Vi8t thao ban tilng San Diu ho§c sii dung tilng Viet thdnh thao nhung lai khdng bill sii dung tilng Sdn Diu xdm Tam Thdi vd Tdn Thdi, chi nh&ng ngudi tren 60 tudi men bill vd sii dung thdnh thgo tilng me de, cdn Idp trung nien va thilu nien hau nhu khdng bilt ndi hodc chi bill nghe md khdng biet noi tilng dan tdc minh Thii ngdn ng& dugc su dung de giao tiep hdng ngdy gia dinh, ldng xdm, cdng ddng la tieng Viet Thdm chi, khdng bilt ndi tilng San Diu nen lai gia dinh ede cdp vg chdng tre c6n diing tilng Viet ciing bdi (xem Bdng 3) Kit qud dieu tra tren cho thay, qud trinh dd thi h6a tgo ca hOi giao tilp ng6n ngu' gi&a ngudi Sdn Diu vdi ngudi Viet dan den hi$n tugng sii dung song ngQ Sdn Dlu - Viet ph6 bien cOng dong ngudi Sdn Diu 3.1 Tdc dpng din trangphiictniyenthSng Trudc day, ngudi Sdn Diu ly del vdi vd may trang phyc Nam Sdn Diu thudng mdc thdn theo cap, bSn ngodi sam mdu, ben sdng mdu Cd hai logi ndy dlu may co cao, cdi khuy b^n phdi Qudn may kilu chdn qu6, cgp Id tga mdu ndu ho^c trdng, dOi khdn xip hay vdn khdn nhilu den N& phuc Sdn Diu bao gom: khdn dgi ddu, do, vdy, day lung, xd cap vdi gam mau chii yeu Id: chdm, den, trdng Ao may theo kilu thdn c6 cao, nep tron, kh6ng dfnh khuy, ve nep bdng vdi trdng hinh ch& V md tir hai vai, khep lgi d that lung ngang eo bung Vdy xe nhilu mdnh ddi din ngang ddu gdi, bdp chdn qudn xa cap trdng, di chan ddt Nh&ng nam sau Ddi mdi, duoi tdc dgng ciia d5 thi hod, ede hi8u may ciia ngudi Viet xudt hien ngdy cdng nhilu Tgi dilm nghien ciiu, chiing t6i thong ke dugc 28 hieu cdl may, hieu cho thue vdy cudi, sd chi hiSu Id eiia ddn tfic Tdy, eiia ngudi Sdn Diu sd cdn lai chu cda hieu la ngudi Kinh Bdng Six dyng tieng Viet ciia ngudi San Diu d xom Tam Thai Sil dung tieng Vi8t giao tiep Dp tuoi Nai c6ng cong Trong gia dinh 18-50 51 -70 So ngirai sir dung/ tdng s6 di6u tra Ty le % So ngudi sir dung/ tong so dieu tra Ty ie % 16/20 80,0 20/20 100,0 19/30 63,3 25/30 83,3 NguSn: Nguyln Thi Qui Loan, 2008a Nguyin Thi Qui'Loan - Nguyin Xudn Chiih Ngodi ra, cdn cdc ciia hi^u bdn qudn may sdn vdi sy phong phii vl kilu ddng, chdt liOu, gid thdnh d cdc x6m, xd, huyOn, thdnh phi giiip cho cu ddn c6 nhilu sy lya chgn trang phyc Dd cDng Id mOt Irong nh&ng nguyen nhdn ddn din tinh trgng hi^n ngudi Sdn Diu hodn todn khdng m$c trang phyc truyln thing ciia ddn lOc minh ngdy thudng cQng nhu nh&ng ngdy ll tit md thay vdo dd Id nh&ng bO qudn gilng nhu ngudi ViOt Trong ddm cudi, c6 ddu ngudi Sdn Diu m§c ddi ciia ngudi Vict ho§c thuS vdy do, Irang dilm d cdc ciia hiOu Th^m chf, thii phyc trang dOng cho ngudi qud c l khdm liOm cDng Id trang phuc theo kilu ddng ciia ngudi ViOt 3.3 Tdc dgng d^n ngdi ithd tri4yin thong Dd tu lau, ngudi Sdn Diu d xa Hda Thugng khdng cdn luu gi& kieu nhd truyln thing Theo ngudi ddn nai day, ngdi nhd truyen thdng lam theo kilu nhd ddt cgt ke vd nhd ddt tudng trinh vdi cdc vdt lieu ldm mdi bang eg gianh Id hdo; vdch ddt; ft cCra so va am thdp Vi vgy, tuoi thg ciia ng6i nhd khdng bin Cdch bd tri khu6n vien va mat bdng sinh boat ciia ngdi nhd thudng Id: nhd chfnh, nhd ngang va nhd bep dugc ldm theo hinh ch& U hoac hinh thudc thg Nhd ed so gian 16 gian chdi hodc gian chdi, gian chdi Gian gi&a ddt bdn thd Id lien vd Id ncri tilp khdch cua gia dinh, gian ke tiep ddt giudng ngii ciia 6ng ba chu vd trai, gian chdi Id nai sinh hogl ciia ddu, gdi Sau Doi mdi, cung vdi nhung doi thay vl kinh tl, xd hdi vd dudi tdc dOng ciia thj hod, cac ngdi nha cua ngudi Sdn Diu d ddy deu dugc xdy dung, kiln tnic theo kieu ciia ngudi ViOl Nhd dugc xay bdng gach, Igp ngdi d6 hodc dd mdi bdng, nhieu nhd dugc xdy 2, ldng kh6p kfn dem din cho bdn Idng ngudi Sdn Diu mOt ddng ddp mdi Ldng xdm da trd n6n khang trang, sach d?p han vdi nh&ng dudng lifin xd, liSn x6m, Ii6n ngd Theo ngudi ddn nai ddy, song ngdi nhd kiln iriic mdi rn^ic dii khdng mdt nhu kilu nhd truyln thing nhung Igi ti^n lgi, thodng vd v | sinh han, v^y, nh&ng nip nhd truyln thing da bj dd bd Tuy nhifin, cdc tyc 10 xdy dyng nhd nhu nhd thdy dja ly xem ddt, thdy ciing xua dull Id ma, le Ky yfin vdo nhd mdi vIn dugc bd thyc hiOn ddy dii bdi quan niOm dd Id nh&ng viOc ldm cdn thilt nhdm gidi tod lo ldng vl tinh thdn, khiln ngudi y6n tam hon dii m$t vdi nh&ng khd khdn ciia cuOc sing Chieu hudng tdc dgng cua thj hda den v&n h6a t^c ngurdi Qud trinh dd thi hod tgi Hod Thugng cd tdc dOng khdng nhd din vdn hda ciia ngudi Sdn Diu khdng chi theo chilu hudng tfch cyc md cdn cd ti6u cue 4.1 Tdc dpng tfch cue Khdng the phii nhan mdt tfch cyc cua dd thi hda, dd id mang Igi ca hgi cho ngudi Sdn Dlu tilp xiic vd tilp thu nhiing gid tri vdn hda ciia cdc tgc ngudi khdc, ldm phong phii them vdn hod ciia dan tgc minh Trong ITnh vyc ngdn ng&, viOc sii dung tieng ViOl thudn thyc giiip cho dong bao de ddng lilp thu lien bO ciia khoa hgc ky thudt dp dyng vdo sdn xudt, ldm tdng ndng sudt vd sdn lugng cdy tr6ng, vat nuoi, khiln ddi song ciia ngudi dan ngdy cdng ndng cao M&l khdc, giao tilp bdng tilng ViOt tdt giiip bd cd nhilu thudn Igi viOc giao luu vd tilp xuc vdi cdc tgc ngudi lan can, md rOng quan he ldm dn, budn bdn Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd'2 - 2012 Con em Sdn Diu tii nhd dd dugc hgc tilng Vigt tai cdc trudng miu gido, d6, each phdt am, hdnh vdn chudn xdc thugn Igi dl theo hgc d cac trudng Theo th6ng ka ciia Uy ban nhan dan xa Hod Thugng, ly 1? hgc sinh Id ddn Igc Sdn Dlu thi d6 vdo trudng trung hgc th6ng, dgi hgc ngdy cdng tdng NIU nhu trudc ndm 2000, so hgc sinh ndy ch! dugc vdi em thl nh&ng ndm gdn ddy, s6 hgc sinh tot nghi6p trung hgc ca sd tilp luc theo hgc d cdc trudng trung hgc phi thdng chilm 98%, ddc biOt, ndm hgc 2009-2010, xd ed hgc sinh thi d5 vdo trudng chuygn ciia tinh; 21 hgc sinh thi vdo cdc trudng dgi hgc vd trung hgc chuyen nghifip HiOn tugng ngudi San Diu thdt hgc da chdm diit Tr6 em Sdn Diu dugc den trudng va dugc chdm s6c vl vat chdt, tinh thdn va hudng cdc djch vy phiic lgi xa hgi ddy dii Trinh dO van hod phat triln giiip nhdn thiic ciia ngudi ddn cdng ndng cao Cac hii tuc cudi xin (thdch cudi ndng, an udng keo dai), tu tudng lam c6 that to ma chay mdi the hien cd hilu, viec kieng ky an udng sinh de khdng hgp ly dd dugc ngucri San Diu ddn logi bd ddi sdng La xa gdn trung tdm huyOn, giao thdng thudn Igi nen qua trinh thi hod diSn vdi toe nhanh Trong xd, nhiing ngdi nha xdy gach mdc, nhd cao tdng mgc len thay thl ngoi nhd ddt tudng trinh truyln thdng Ldng xdm trd nen khang trang, sach dep vdi cac dudng lifin xdm bang be long Mang ludi difin sinh hogt, diOn thogi dugc phii song toan xa Nhilu hd gia dinh cd nhung vdt dung tien nghi hifin dgi, ddt tiln nhu livi, may vi tfnh, xe mdy 100% cdc xdm cd he thdng phdt truyfin hinh giiip ngudi dan nang cao nhan thiic, ndm bdt nhanh nhgy cdc thdng tin vl tinh hinh nude va qu6c tl dp dung nhftng tiln bd ciia khoa hgc ky thu^t vdo sdn xudt Ddi sing ciia ngudi ddn dugc cdi thiOn rd rgt Neu nhu trude ndm 1986, udc muln ciia ngudi ddn Id "dn no, m^c dm" thi Id "dn ngon, mdc d?p" Trang phyc cua d6ng bdo da dgng vl kieu ddng vdi nh&ng chdt liOu phii hgp vdi thdi tilt vd hodn cdnh, cong viOc 4.2 Tdc dpng tiiu cue Sau Dii mdi, ddc biOt td ndm 2000 yd lgi day, ngfin ngft - v6n tdi sdn quy gid ciia dan tOc San Dlu dang dung trudc nguy ca bj mdt di Sd dT cd hiOn tugng trfin Id tam 1^ nggi sd dung tilng ddn tOc cua thilu nifin, td d6 mai mgt vd qufin luon tilng dan tdc minh Mdt khdc, quan niOm muon em minh thdng thgo tilng Viet dl di hgc d trudng thdng phat am cho chudn, kh6ng bi thua kem ban be nen cha me, ong ba day chdu minh ndi tieng ViOt tu nhd md khong day tilng dan tdc Bdi vay, d xa Hoa Thugng hien tugng Id ngudi Sdn Diu ma khdng bifil noi tilng San Diu khdng cdn xa Ig Do y thiic muln luu gift ban sdc van hda dan tgc, mdt sd cu gid xa da tu sogn bg chft Nom - Sdn Diu vilt bdng tay, bdn hudng ddn bao gdm ch& edi, cdch phdt dm, cdch ghep vdn, dl mong muln gdp phdn vao viec bdo luu tilng San Diu Tuy nhien, dilu ddng budn Id Idp tre Igi khong mdy hudng ling; hg khdng mudn hgc vd cho rdng hgc tilng Sdn Diu kh6ng cdn thilt, bilt vd su dyng tilng Vifit mdi quan trgng, bdi ddy la ngdn ng& phd thong, giiip hg de ddng hda nhdp, giao luu vdi cac tgc ngudi khdc di hgc, di ldm Trang phyc truyen thdng cua ngudi Sdn Diu bi mai m6t nghiem trgng Trong qud trinh dien da chiing tdi thdy tai xom Tam Thai, long sd 223 ngudi dan, chi ngudi gi& dugc trang phuc truyln thong; Nguyin Thi Qui Loan - Nguyin Xudn ChiJn ngudi cd trang phyc truyln thing song da dugc may cdch diOu dl phyc vy cho bilu diln vdn nghO Tgi xdm Ding Thjnh 230 ngudi Sdn Diu thi ngudi cdn trang phuc truyln thing; I ngudi c6 trang phyc truyln thing cOa thdy ciing Xdm Ding Thdi chi cd ngudi cd trang phyc truyln thing Bfin cgnh dd, viOc lilp thu l6i sing thj khdng chgn Igc ciia so it thilu nifin lam tin hgi din vdn hod truyln thing ciia ddn tOc MOt s6 nien c6 l6i sing dua ddi thl hiOn qua cdch dn m§c, ddu t6c khdng phii hgp vdi thudn phong my tyc ciia dan lOc HiOn tugng mOt s6 thilu nifin ludi lao dOng ham mfi chai diOn Id, 16, dl, chdt, nghiOn hiit, rugu chd, cd bac ddn din gia dinh bdt hod, kinh tl khd khdn; nan IrOm cdp phdt sinh ldm mat trai ty an ninh ciia lang xdm Cdc te nan xd hgi khdng nh&ng kh6ng gidm md tham chf cdn c6 chieu hudng gia tdng (xem Bdng 4) Ngodi ra, khdng thfi khdng nhdc den loi sdng eiia kinh tl thi Irudng cung dnh hudng nghifim trgng din tfnh tuang than tuong di - vIn Id mgt truyen thong quy bdu ciia ngudi Sdn Diu Xua kia, Idng, x6m gia dinh ndo c6 viec budn hay vui dfiu dugc chdm xdm keo dfin thdm hdi vd giiip dd theo dilu kien kinh tl ciia gia dinh minh Ngudi c6 tiln thi giup tiln, kh6ng cd liln giiip ba gao, ndi chuli, qud bf, gd ho^c giup cdng, giup sdc Ngdy nay, xu hudng thuang mai hod hiOn diOn cuOc sing ciia ngudi ddn Trong cdc tiOc cudi, mCmg thg chii nhd hgch todn l6 lai, ngudi dugc mdi dy thl lo chudn bj phong bl dl mimg, nlu khdng cd cQng khdng ddm din dy Dd Id nh&ng m§t trdi ngdy cdng cd xu hudng gia tdng qud trinh dd thj hod Kit lugn Do d gdn trung tdm huyOn, Igi cdch thdnh ph6 Thdi Nguyfin khdng xa vd c6 vj trf dja ly lhu$n Igi cho giao luu kinh t l vdi ede dja phucmg khdc nfin qud trinh dd thj hod d Hod Thugng dien nhanh chdng han so vdi cdc xd khdc huyOn Dong Hy Ngudi Sdn Dlu d ddy cd dilu kiOn thu^n lgi dl giao luu kinh tl, vdn hda vd xa hOi vdi cdc tOc ngudi khdc, dong thdi cung chju tdc dOng mgnh m6 cua qud trinh dd thj hda Sy tdc dgng ciia dd thj hda dan tdi nh&ng biln d6i Irfin tdt cd cdc ITnh vyc: kinh tl, vdn hba, xd hgi ciia ngudi Sdn Diu Trong vdn hda, ndi trgi Id sy biln ddi ciia ngdn ngft, dn udng, trang phuc, nhd d vd l6i song Bfin cgnh mat tfch cyc, khdng thl phii nhan nhihig mdt trdi cua qud ti-inh thj hoa nhu: ngdn ngft tgc ngudl cd nguy ca bi mdi; trang phyc truyen thing - mOl ndi rifing ciia vdn hda tgc ngudi dang ddn di vdo ky uc ciia nhftng ngudi dan nai ddy; ngdi nhd truyen thong cimg ddn hgn che; cdc lO ngn xS hOi, sy did a vdi vfin hda truyln thing tgc ngudi ciia mgt bg phdn thilu nien 5dng-^ Cac vy viec lieu cue tir ndm 2007 din ndm 2010 dxS Hda Thugng Loai vu viec 2007 2008 2009 2010 Trom cap tai san cong dan XHCN 19 14 20 Cu&ng doat, huy hoai tdi san Mua bdn, tdng tr& ma 0 Danh bac 1 2 Ngugc ddi cha me 0 Nguin: Phdn tich theo so lieu v6 tinh hinh an ninh, trilt nr xd hpi ciia UBND xd Hod Thucmg Tgp chi Ddn tdc hgc sd2 - 2012 Dl gidi quylt mau thudn gifta phdt trien vd gift gin vdn hda truyfin thing dnh hudng ciia qud trinh d6 dij hda, chiing tdi cho rfing: bfin cgnh nhftng chfnh sdch da ban hdnh vl phdt triln vfin hda, Nhd nude cdn cd ho trg kinh phf cho xdy dyng ft nhdt ngdi nhd truyln thong tgi moi cOng ding (ldng/x6m) Ngdi nhd dd s6 la noi chii the vdn hod tdi hiOn cdc hoat dgng vdn hod truyln thing tnDng cdc dip le tit cda l6c ngudi nhu: ngdn ngft dm thyc, tap tuc, nghi le, trang phyc truyln thing Trong thyc ll, nlu lOc ngudi ndo bdo tdn dugc vfin hod truyln th6ng, dong thdi c6 su djnh hudng chi dgo ciia cdc cdp Idnh dgo thi bdn thdn chii thl vfin hod dd se khai thdc c6 hiOu qud cdc djch vu vdn hod truyfin thing tgc ngudi gdp phdn cho kinh tl phdt trien Ben cgnh d6, cdc xdm can phdi xay dyng nhung quy djnh ve kit hgp gifta vdn hod truyln thdng vd vdn hod hifin dgi, gin gift vd phat trien bin vimg van hod ciia cgng ding dya tren ca sd nhiing tham gdp cua chfnh ehii the vdn hod Chii trgng gidi thiOu van hoa truyln thdng tgc ngucri lai cac le hgi qua cac mdn an dan tOc, cdc tilt myc vdn nghe Tai le hdi Chiia Hang - mgt Ifi hdi ldn ciia huyen Dong Hy, nen td chiic khu gidi thieu nhung mon an ddc dao ciia cac tdc ngudi huyfin, du khdch din thudng thuc m6n dn ding thoi cung dugc thudng thdc lu6n nhung tilt myc van ngfte ciia moi tdc ngudi, trang phuc tdc ngudi vd cac thu cdng truyln thing Ddy Id mgt each gin gi&, qudng ba van hoa tgc ngudi, ddng thdi cd ngudn lgi kinh te thu dugc tir cac hogt dgng ndy Viec gin gift van hod truyfin thing phdi gdn liln vdi phat triln kinh tfi chfnh la sy tuyen truyln hieu qud nhdt gidp ngudi dan cd y thirc gift gin vd phdt trien bin vung vdn hod tgc ngucn minh Tdi lifiu tham khSo Bl Vilt Dfing (Chii bifin) (2003), Cdc ddn tgc thieu so suphdt trien kinh ti - xd hgi a mien nui, Nxb Khoa hgc xd hgi, Hd NOi Mac Dudng (2004), Ddn tgc hgc thf, Nxb Thdnh Ho Chi Minh Hodng Nggc Hod (1997), "Qud trinh dd thj hod d nude ta hifin - nhftng dfic dilm cdn luu y", Tgp chi Ihdng tin ly ludn, So 12, tr 23-26 Nguyln Thj Qui Loan (2008a), "Tdc dOng cua d6 thj h6a din biln doi vdn h6a ciia cdc tgc ngudi thilu s6 d Thdi Nguyfin (qua nghifin edu ve ngudi Sdn Dlu)", Ky yiu hgi thdo Qudc te Viet Nam hgc ldn thu ba Ha Ngi, y 258 Nguyen Thj Qui Loan (2008b), "Biln ddi tap qudn an uIng ciia ngudi Sdn Diu tinh Thdi Nguyfin", Tgp chi Ddn tgc hgc So 2, tr.n-25 Pivovarov (1976), Nhimg dgc diim cua cong tdc nghien cihi thi vd hien tugng thi hod, Matscava, Tifing Viet Shepanl, Jon M (1992), "Dd thj hod va thuylt d6 thi hod", Trung tam nghien ciru vd tu vdn vl phdt trien, De tai nghifin cdu van hod - Idi sdng - m6i trudng Ha Ngi Uy ban nhdn dan xd Hoa Thugng (2008), Bdo cdo thdnh tich ciia Ddng bg nhdn ddn vd luc lirgng vu trang nhdn ddn xd Hda Thuong, huyen Ddng Hy, tinh Thdi Nguyen Uy ban nhan dan xa Hda Thugng, Bdo cdo tinh hinh thuc hien nhiem vu kinh ti xd hgi 2005-2010
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