'/ Trach nhiem xa hoi va vai tro chu the cua cu dan nong thon Dang Thi Viet Phmrag Tdm tat: Vai tro ciia nong dan dugc nhac den nhieu van ban cQng nhu thao luan chi'nh sach Chung ta de dang thfing nhdt vdi ve tam quan trpng ciia nong dan phat trien kinh te cung nhu phat trien nong thon noi chung, nhung lai tucmg doi phan tan each thiic xac dinh vai tro va trach nhiem xa hpi cua nong dan Bai viet phan tich trach nhiem xa hgi va vai tro chii the ciia cu dan ndng thon xay dung nong thon mdi, co tfnh den nhiing dac trung ve cau true ciia xa hpi nong thon duong dai Khi danh gia trach nhiem xa hpi va vai tro chii the cua cu dan nong thfin, bai viet xem xet sir tham gia ciia hp vao ddi song hpi nhom, cac ho^t dong xa hpi va cac boat dpng tai dia phuong Tir khda: Trach nhiem xa hpi; vai tro chu thl; ddi sfing hoi nhom; tham gia xa hgi; cu dan nong thon l.Satvande Vai trd cua nflng dan dupc nhdc dfin nhieu vdn bin cung nhu Quyfit dinh sfl 135/ 1998/QD-TTg ngiy 31 thang ndm 1998 xac dinh nguyfin tdc chi dgo !a phdt huy nfli lyc cua tung hp gia dinh cfing tac giam ngheo; Quyfit dinh sfi 07/2006/QD-TTg ngiy 10 thdng 01 ndm 2006 vfi phit trifin kinh te - xa hpi cac xa die bifit khd khan vung dfing bao din tpc va mifin mii giai doan 2006-2010 Quan difim vfi vai trd chu thfi cua nflng dan q u i trinh phit trifin dugc khdng dinh Nghi quyfit 26-NQ/TW thang nam 2008 vfi nong nghifip, nong ddn, nflng thon; theo gidi quyfit vin dfi nfing nghifip, nflng din, nong thfln trudc hfit phai "khoi day tinh than yfiu nudc, ty chu, ty lyc ty cudng vuon len cua nflng dan" Chuang trinh hdnh dflng cua Chinh phu xac dinh mflt nhiing muc tieu la "tao difiu kifin thudn lpi dfi nflng din tham gia ddng gdp va huong loi nhifiu hon vio qua trinh -•^ cfing nghiep hoi, hifin dai hod ddt nudc"'" Nghi quyfit lifin tich gifia Hpi Nong dan va Bp Nfing nghiep va Phat trien nfing thfin vl vific hfi trg nflng din phit trifin kinh tfi nong nghifip va xay dyng nflng thon mdi (NTM) giai dogn 2012 - 2020 xac dinh cdn tuyen truyen, van dpng nflng dan thyc hifin chii truong, chinh sich, phap luit cua Ddng va Nha nudc vfi phat trifin nong nghiep, xay dung NTM; vgn dpng nong din thi dua phat trifin san xuit, vuon lfin lam gidu chinh dang, tich cue tham gia xay dyng NTM **' Thac st, Vien Xa hpi hpc, Vi^n H^n ISm Khoa hpc x3 hpi Viet Nam DT: 0912289693 Email: dangvie^huong@yahoo.coni Bai vilt khu6n kh6 dk tki "Nghien cuu, de xudt gidi phdp ndng cao trdch nhiim xd hgi vd vai trd chu thi cda ndng ddn xdy dung ndng thansm&i" Chuang trinh Khoa hpc va Cong ngh§ phye' vy xay dimg nong thon mui giai doan 2011 - 20l5 tai Up Chuong trinh hanh dpng cua Chfnh phii th\rc hi?n -{ ^ghi quyet Hoi nghi ISn thii Ban Chip hanh Tnmg,, ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^°^ ^ ^^ "^"S nghi?P, nong dan, nflng thon (Ban hanh kem theo Nghj quylt s6 24/200S/NQCP 28 thang 10 nam 2008 cua Chinh phii) Trdch nhiim xa hgi vd vai trd chu thi Chuong trinh muc tifiu qufic gia vfi NTM khang dinh vai trd chu thfi nflng din giai dogn hifin nay, nhdm pbat huy nhin tfl ngudi, khoi day va phat huy mpi tifim nang ciia ngudi nflng dan vao cong cufic xiy dyng NTM Vai trd chii thfi cua nfing ddn xay dung NTM dupc xac dinb cu thfi hon sfi tay hudng dan xay dyng NTM, thflng qua cac hoat dpng cy the sau: i) Tham gia y kien vao dfi dn x i y dyng NTM va ban dfl i n quy hoach NTM c i p x i ; ii) Tbam gia vao lya chpn nhung cflng vific gi cdn ldm trudc va viec gi lam sau dfi thiet thuc vdi yfiu cdu cua ngudi d i n xd vd phii hgp vdi k h i ndng, difiu kifin cua dia phucrng; iii) Quyfit dinh miic dp ddng gdp xiy dung cac cfing trinh cflng cfing cua thon, xa; iv) Cu dai difin (Ban gidm sit) dfi tham gia quan ly v i giim sit c i c cflng trinh x i y dung ciia xa; v) Tfi chiic quin ly, v i n hinh v i b i o dudng cic cong trinh sau hodn thdnh Cd thfi thdy rang, vai trd chu the cua nflng din ngiy cang dupc phan inh vd ldm rd hon cac chinh sach phat trifin kinh tfi - xa hpi nflng thfln ndi chung va xiy dyng NTM ndi rifing Trong bai vifit niy, chiing tfli co gdng nhan dien trich nhifim xa bpi va vai trd chii the ciia cu dan nong thon frong xay dyng NTM, cd tinh dfin nhfing dac trung ve cau tnic cua xa hpi nflng thfln duong dai Bii vifit tflng hgp kfit qui nghifin ciiu tu cuoc khio sit tien hanh ndm 2014 vdi dgi dien ciia 1.500 hfl gia dmh tgi 10 xa thupc nam tinh Nam Dinh, Tuyfin Quang, Quang Nam, An Giang va Dfing Nai Dfi danh gia trich nhipm xa hfli va vai trd chii thfi ciia cu dan nflng thfln, chung tfli xem xet sy tham gia cua hp vao; i) ddi song hpi nhdm; ii) cac hogt dpng xd hpi; va iii) cic boat dfing tgi dia phucmg Tham gia doi song hfii nhom Mpt nhiing khia canh thfi hifin trach nhifim xa hpi va vai trd chii thfi cua ngudi nflng dan chinh la vific hp tham gia v i o c i c hoat dflng, tfl chiic va qua trinh xa hpi O phin niy, chiing tfli phan tich miic dp tbam gia xa hfli cua ngudi nfing din hinh thlic tbam gia vao ddi sfing bfli nhdm tai dia phuang Tham gia xa hpi thfi hien miic dp cic ca nhin tich khdi c i c moi quan he gdn gui, than thuflc, dfi tham gia vao c ^ quan he xa hpi dua trfin cflng viec hogc cung lgi ich, sd thich Ngudi d i n nong thon truyen thflng vfln dupc xem la nhfing "tgo vgt cd tinh xa hpi cao" tham gia vao nhifiu dang tfi chiic/ lifin kfit nhdm khac Sd thich hfii nhdm dugc xem Id "net nfli bgt nhat ddi sflng xa hfli cua ling mac d Bic Ky" Cd thfi thiy, "tinh xd hfii" thfi hien qua vipc tham gia v i o ddi sfing hfii nhdm l i mflt chi bao vfi trich nhiem xa hgi v i vai trd chu the cua cu din ndng thfln Nhfing bang chiing thuc nghiem ciia chung tfii lai tinh Nam Dinh, Tuyfin Quang, Quing Nam, Dfing Nai va An Giang ciing xic nhin su phfl bifin ciia vific tham gia hfli nhdm ddn cu nong thfln Du lieu khao sat cho bifit ti lfi gdn nhu tuyfit dfli nguod trd ldi (NTL) cbo bifit dang tham gia*^* it nhit mpt tfl chiic/ doan the/ hpi/ nhdm nio dd tai dia phuong Sy tfln tai da dang v i phong phii ciia cic tfi chiic/ doan thfi/ hpi nhdm tgi '^' Dil cho quan nifim ve "tfnh xa hpi" ciia nong dan Vi|t Nam theo quan dilm ciia Jamieson la dilu c ^ phai thao tuan l^i (nhung chung toi khong ban den phsim vi cua b^o cao nay); nhung quan s^t cua flng ve sy tham gia ciia ngudi Vi^t v^o cdc dang td chiic/lien kit nhom khdc d nflng thfln cho thay mflt thuc tien dang chii y *^* Trong nhilu trufimg hop, tham gia co thl chi \k viec ghi danh vdo mpt dodn thI/hOi/phu&ng ndo d6 mh khflng co hoat dpng nao cy the; nhihig trudng hpp khdc, tham gia lai c6 thl mang n^Ta Id ldm ldnh dao/dumg ddu mot to chuc/hpi/phudng; nhung da so truflng hpp, tham gia co nghTa id c6 d6ng gdp, tuan thii va thuc hien cac boat dpng md tfl chdc dd yeu cau 45 Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hoi Viet Nam, so 6(91) - 2015 Nflng dan van la tfl chuc ma ngudi nong dan tham gja dong dao nhit vdi 42,1% NTL Hfli Phu nii va Nhdm tfln giao/ tin nguang l i hai hpi/nhdm m i ngudi nong dan m i u k h i o sat tham gia cao thur hai (36,5%) va thu ba (29,1%) Cd tifin 10% dfin dudi 20% sfl ngudi tri ldi tham gia la hyi/ hp/ phudng tien/ vdng, Hfli Khuyfin hpc v i Hfli Ngudi cao tufii (NCT) v i cac nhdm tfl chiic khic O miic duod 10% cd tdi 12 tfi/ hpi/ nbdm xa hfli (Hinh 1) ckc viing nfing thon, ciing vdi su tham gia dong dio ciia cu dan l i mpt chi bio cho chiing ta bifit day la mpt "kenh" cho cac trao dfli va tuong tic xa hpi difin d cip dp cpng dfing Tham gia vao cdc hgi/ nhdm/ tfl chiic x i hpi Id mpt thang thfi hifin miic dp chu dpng ciia ngudi nfing dan q u i trinh xa hpi Kfit q u i difiu tra ciia chung tfii cho thay, 18 tfi chiic/nhdm dupc khao sit dfiu cd sy thara gia ciia ngudi tra ldi Hpi 36^ Bll lipphuongtieii vans M ^ ^ ^ H H M 14 HOI Klim en hoc mn^mmmim 2.4 HpiNCT mm^^ 109 CLB cimg nolle H ^ ^ ^ Hpi dons hoc ^ ^ • § • Tiie Uiao sue khde duonssiuli • • • ^ s.^ Hoi Cltu cliieii binh ^mmm T ~ Cong doan ^ ^ H (,~ Hoi dona nien H H ^ Hdiluili ddngiisil H H I S Hoj doiis liuoiis • • ~ NlioiuCLBdansfl im 19 Dauithiiiiluiieu • l.\ HoiCLBSiiihvatcaiili 0,8 CLB tho 0-4 i 10 20 ' • 30 40 50 Hinh 1: Ty le NTL tham gia cac hoi/ nhom/15 chiic xS hpi (%) Nhin tir goc dp dja vuc, phan tich tuong quan giua vice tham gia cac t6 chiic/ doan ths/ phudng hoi vdi cac tinh, Ichao sat cho thay ti le NTL tham gia vao cac hoat dong hpi nhom or cac tinh phia BJc co chiSu hucmg cao hom so vod cac tinh phia Nam, kS ca cac t6 chiic chinh thiic (nhitag 15 chiic co 46 phap nhan, thuong hoat ddng theo nganh dpc nhu cac Hpi Phu nft, Doan Thanh nien, Hpi Cuu chien binh, Hpi Ngucri cao tuoi, V.V ) va t6 chiic phi chinh thiic (khong co phap nhan, hoat dpng pham vi cpng dong, nhir Hpi ddng nien, Hpi dfing ngii, Phucmg tiln, v.v ) Trung binh, moi NTL o Trdch nhiim xa hdi vd vai trd chu the Nam Dinh tham gia vao kboang gin tfl chiic xa hpi/ hpi/ nhdm khic nhau, cdn moi NTL d Tuyen Quang tham gia khoang 2,1 to chuc Trong sfl d An Giang Id 1,6 to chiic, d Quang Nam la 1,3 tfl chiic, cdn d Dflng Nai, trung bmh mfli NTL tbam gia vao tfl chiic/fafli/nhdm Kfit qua nghien Clhi ciing thong nhat vdi ket qua nghifin Cliu trudc dd ciia chiing toi tifin hinh dieu tra nflng dan ndm 2010, xac nhin sy khac bifit vfi tham gia cac hoat dpng hpi nhdm d hai vung dflng bing sflng Hflng (DBSH) va dflng bang sfing Cuu Long (DBSCL): d cic xa DBSH, vific tbam gia tfl chiic xa hpi li thyc tifin bifin d cu ddn DBSH ban lad DBSCL Sy tham gia vao cac tfl chiic xa hpi d dia phuang nhin tir sfl lugng tfl chiic cd thfi dfi khifin ngudi ta di dfin kfit lugn ring "tuih xa hpi", hay tracb nhiem xa hpi cua NTL d cic tinh phia Bac ndi chung cao hon so vdi NTL d cic tinh phia Nam Tuy nhifin, nfiu nghifin cihi ki hem vfi boat dflng cua cac tfl chiic cd the cung cip cho chiing ta mflt goc nhin khic ve thyc tifin trao dfii xa hfii d hai vung dong bing niy Kfit qui difiu tra nflng din nam 2010 cho thiy, cac hinh thiic sinh boat hpi nhdm chu yeu la chia sfi tinh cim, tham hdi nhiing liic gia ifinh cd vipc vui/bufln Cic hfli hoat dpng khflng nhim muc tieu hpp tac lam dn kinh tfi Kfit qui nghifin ciiu cua chiing tfli ciing cho thiy tinh hinh tuong ty nhu trfin Cu din nong thon d Nam Dinh tham gia vao cac trao dfli hpi nhdm tren ca sd giiip da qua lai moi gap khd khan Trong do, d An Giang ngudi din nflng thfln tham gia vao cic trao doi phudng hpi hudng tdi viec h3 trp cac hfli vifin ldm kinh tfi Cd thfi thiy ring vific tbam gia cac hoat dpng hfli nhdm dugc cac nhdm cu dan gin cho nhibig y nghta rit khac Cu din phia Bic gdn vipc tham gia cdc ho^t dflng hpi nhdm vdi viec dip iing nhimg nhu cdu tinh thin npi tai ciia nhdm nhd (thim hdi, chia se tinh cim, v.v ) va nhu ciu ca nhin (dugc va cham xa hgi, cd danh tifing, dupc vi nfi, v.v ) Trong dd, nhdm cac cu dan phia Nam lai cd xu hudng thifit lap cac hinh thlic trao dfli hpp tic san xuit phii hpp vdi cic nguyen tic thi trudng, hudng tdi nhitng muc tieu lam giiu cho hpi vifin ciia minh Nbu thfi, dfi ting cudng trdch nhiem xa hpi d cu din nong thfin, can cd co chfi khuyfin khich cac hinh thiic md rpng boat dpng xa hpi vi cic sinh hogt doan the cu din nflng thfln, khuyfin khich nfing dan xay dyng vd ddng vai trd chu thfi cic quan he xi hfii ciia hp Tuy nhifin, nhin tix gdc dp chinh sich hifin nay, vfi co ban, Nhi nudc coi cac tfl chiic xi hfii nhu la co quan myen truyen chii truang, chinh sich, li cau nfli giira Dang, Nhd nudc vi nhin din Cac tfl chiic hoat dpng vdi muc tieu doan ket vd huy dflng sy tham gia cua nhan din, tfl chiic tuyen truyen, giao due, ning cao nhin thiic cua nhan dan Ben canh vai trd tuyfin truyfin, vdn dpng nhdn dan, cic tfl chiic cung dupc Nhi nudc khuyfin khich lap nhdm muc dich giiip dd ldn vd huy dfing mpi ngufln tii chinh tir cdc ting ldp nhdn din Ngay Nghi quyfit lien tich giiia Hfii Nong din vi Bg Nong nghiep vd Phdt trifin nflng thfln vfi vific ho trp nflng ddn phit trifin kinh tfi nflng nghifip vi xiy dyng nong thfln mdi giai doan 2012 - 2020 ciing xac dinh muc tifiu li tuyfin truyfin, van dflng nong din thyc hifin chu truang, chinh sich, phip luit cua Ding va Nha nudc Cd ve nhu nflng ddn van dugc xac dinh nhu la dfli tupng tifip nh^n, ban li chu thfi trgng tam chinh sich Tfaam giafao^tdfing xa hpi Tham gia cac hoat dflng xa hpi la mflt nhung chi bio quan trpng xac dinh 47 Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hgi Vijt Nam, sd 6(91) - 2015 trach nhifim xa bgi va vai trd chii thfi cua nong dan Trach nhifim x i hfii cd thfi dupc thfi hifin bdng vific ddng gdp vfi mat xa hfli, mfli trudng hay vdn hda cho cpng dfing Trach nhifim xa hpi cung cd thfi la vific ddng gdp, tfi chiic hodc thyc hifin cac boat dfing thien nguyfin, khfing chi pham vi cpng dfing nhd, ma cdn md rpng xa hpi rpng lofn hon Moi c i nhan/tfi chiic cd thfi than gia vdo su phat trifin cpng dflng dia phuang bang nhifiu each khac nhau, chdng ban bdng viec lam sach dudng ling ngo xdm, bang vific thara gia tfl chiic cic boat dpng cfing dflng, hoac giiip dd cac vien cfing dfing, v.v Kfit qui khao sit cho thiy, so 1.500 dai di?n hfl gia dinh dugc khao sit d ndm tinh, tuyfit dai da sfi NTL deu tham gia cac hogt dflng xa hpi tai dia phuang Tinh trung binh, moi nguoi din tham gia khoang boat dpng xa hfii Cdc boat dgng lifin quan den van hda, tin nguang tai dia phuang thu hiit khoing V2 sfi ngudi trd ldi tham gia Cac hogt dpng lifin quan dfin thfi due thfi thao, sd thich, gidi tri cd 44% ngudi tham gia, tifip dfin la cac boat dpng nghfi nghiep (trao dfli kinh nghiem lam dn, ky thuat san xudt, v.v.) cd 45,7% ngudi thara gia Khoang 56% tham gia cdc hogt dpng dim bao an ninh trdt ty tgi dia phucmg va tren 40% tham gia hogt dpng lifin quan dfin khuyfin hpc tai dia phuang Ty lfi NTL tham gia cac hogt dflng tir thi^n die biet cao, chifim 85% sfi NTL d ndm tinh De xac dinh tinh clidt eda vific tham gia cac hogt dpng xd hfli, chiing tfli phin logi cac hogt dpng xa hfli hai nhdm, bao gfim nhdm boat dgng hudng tdi lgi ich cpng dfing (tir thifin, khuyfin hpc, bao vfi an ninh trgt ty) vd nhdm boat dgng hudng tdi nhu cdu cd nhan (vdn hda, tin ngudng, thfi thao, sd thich, giai tri va boat dgng nghfi nghifip) Kfit qua nghifin ciiu cbo thay khflng eo chifiu hudng khac bifit ro ret nao giQa viec tbam gia vao cac boat dpng vi lgi ich cpi^ dfing va nhung hogt dpng phuc vu nhu cdu c i nban Tuy nhien, neu tinh toi bifin sfi vg tdn suit tham gia cac hogt dpng thi nhdm cac boat dpng phye vu nhu cdu ca nhdn difin thudng xuyfin ban Trong do, nbdm cac boat dpng vi lpi ich cpng dflng phin nhifiu mang tinh vu vific, dien mfit vai ldn nam Nhin chung, nhung ngudi cd trinb dp hpc vin cao thi co xu hudng tham gia c i c boat dflng vi cpng dfing, nhiing ngudi cd trinh hpc vdn thip tbi nghifing vfi cic boat dpng phuc vy nhu ciu c i nhin Bfin canh do, vupt khoi khong gian dia li, kfit qui khao sat cung cho thiy ty le tham gia cac hoat dpng cpng dflng phy thupc vio dieu kien kinh tfi ciia bfl, nhung hg gia dinh co dieu kifin kinh tfi hon thi ty lfi tham gia cac hogt dpng cpng dflng cao ban Kfit q u i nghifin ciiu cung cho thdy vai trd dgc biet quan trpng cua chinh quyen va cic tfi chiic, doan the tgi dia phuang viec khdi xudng, tfl chiic cac boat dpng quyfin gop, ung hp tii thipn nhdn dan Cd tdi 82,8% NTL cbo bifit hp dong gop cho cac hogt dpng tir thien la dugc chinh quyfin va cac dodn thfi huy dpng, Ty lfi NTL ddng gdp dinh ki, thudng xuyen cho cac boat dfing tii thifin h i u nbu khflng dang ke, chi chifim chua diy % Sy kifin nay, mgt mat the hifin sy hop t i c ciia ngudi dan cac hogt dpng cua dia phuong; mat khac Cling cho thiy nguoi d i n nflng thfln dang the hifin tracb nhifim xa hfli mpt each co difiu kifin Trich nhifim xa hfli sfi chi ducrc thuc hdnh cd ngudi din ddt va mang tinh vu viec, chua trd thinh mot nhu cdu t^ than va boat dpng thudng xuyen ciia cu dan nflng thon Trdch nhiim xd hdi vd vai trd chu thi Bing 1: Lgi ich cua vific tham gia boat dpng xd hgi (%) Mang lgi Igi ich cho dja phuong/xa hpi 53,8 Co thfi dong gdp cho cpng dong dia phuong/xa hpi 53,4 Gan bo hon vdi cpng dong dia phuong 49,9 Md rpng quan he voi nhieu ngudi hem 29,5 Lam ban vdi nhihig ngudi co ciing "^ kifin, sd thich 12,8 Biet each quan ly cac hogt dfing cu the cua dia phuong/xa hpi 9,3 Khong CO lpi i'ch gi 2,5 Dil cd nhiing khac biet tham gja nghia la chu the cua qua trinh quin li x3 hpi vdo cic boat dpng vi myc dich cgng dflng tai dia phuang hay vi nhu cau ca nhin, thi cd dfin mpt mia Tham g^ cic hoat dong tai dia phinmg sfl NTL danh gia tich cyc ve lgi ich cua cac Tham gia vao cic boat dfli^ tai dia hogt dgng xd hfli mi hp dang tien hinh hodc phuang cho thiy tinh chu dflng va tich cue tham gia Hp cho rang, viec tham gia boat ciia cu dan nflng thon ddng gdp vio sy phit dpng xd hgi nhu thfi mang lai lgi ich cho dia trifin ciia dia phuong Nd ciing the hipn phuong/xi hgi, hg cd the ddng gdp va cam trach nhiem cua hp dfli vdi ddi song chinb thay gdn bd ban vdi cfing dong dia phuang tri-xa hfli ciia dia phuong Trong qud trinh Trong qua trinh khio sat, chung tfli da dua khio sat, chung tfli dua nim boat dpng mgt sd cbi bio nham xac dinh vai trd chu ma chinh quyfin dia phuong cd trach nhipm the va trach nhifim xa hpi cua cu dan nflng phai cong khai vd xin y kifin ddng gdp cua thon Ching ban nhu nhd tham gia hoat nhan dan, bao gflm: i) xay dyng ca sd dpng xd hfli ma NTL biet cich quan ly cic ting ca bin; ii) ke hogch phat trifin kinh te hogt dpng cu thfi cua dia phuang/xa hgi xa hgi cua xd nim 2014; iii) xay dyng va Ding tific la chira diy 10% NTL lya chpn thyc hifin huong udc/ quy udc thfln/ dp; Iv) phuong in Dieu cho thiy nflng dan bio vfi an ninh trgt ty; va v) chuang trinh van chua dugc huy dgng tham gia theo vay vfln xda ddi giim ngheo (}®GN) Bang 2: Ty lp NTL tham gia va ddng gdp y kifin vao cac boat dpng tgi dia phuang (%) Tham gia cac ho^t dpng ciia dja phucmg Tham gia Dong gop y ki€n Khong dong gop y ki8n Xayd\mgcasahat4ngcoban 89,3 40,6 14,6 Xay dimg va thuc hien huong uac/qui uac thdn/3p 71,0 44,2 17,5 Bao ve an ninh trat t\r 65,3 32,9 14,6 K§ hoach phat tri€n kinh t€, xa hpi ciia xa nam 2014 39,7 62,4 35,1 Chucmg trinh vay von XDGN 39,3 41,3 15,0 Khoang hom 2/3 sfi NTL cho biSt hp da va hpp ban ve bao ve an ninh trjt tu timg tham gia hpp trao doi vS xay d\mg (65,3%) Du phan Ion NTL cho biet co lAng CCT ban (89,3%), xay dimg va thirc tham gia hpp ban v6 nhiing hoat dpng ciia hien huong uac/ quy uac thon/ ap (71,0%) dia phuang nhu tren, clii co chira day mpt 49 Tgp chi Khoa hgc xdhgi ViitNam, s66(91) - 2015 niia sfl ngudi tham gia cac cupe hpp ban niy cd ^ kifin ddng gop cho cic hogt dfing cu thfi tren dia bdn xa Dfli vdi nhiing hogt dpng lifin quan dfin vific tfl chirc thyc hipn hogc ddng gdp, da sfl NTL cho bifit hp dfiu tham gia thuc hien vd/hogc ddng gdp cho cac boat dpng ndy Dinh gia vfi vai trd ciia minh cac hogt dpng tai dia phuang, bon mgt nua NTL khdng dinh ring so vdi nam trudc, hifin ngudi dan dugc bin bgc v i hdi y kifin nhifiu hon dfli vdi cac boat dpng lifin quan dfin doi sflng ciia hg Ciing cd tei gin rapt mia sfl NTL cho rang phdn ldn cdc quyfit dinh quan trpng cua Dang uy, Uy ban nhin dan va Hpi dflng nhan din x i ve ddi sflng cua ngudi ddn hien chii yfiu phan dnh y kien ciia da so nhdn dan (hon 1/5 NTL cho ring nd phin inh y kifin ciia ldnh dao xa vd mot so dgi difin ciia din) Ty le gdn nhu tuyfit dfii NTL cd danh gid tich cue dfli voi cac cufle hpp d thfln/ dp Thflng qua cdc cufic hpp nbu the, hp ndm dupc thflng tin doi song cua thfln, xa (92,5%); hp bifit dupc cac tracb nhipm cua bp gia dinh vdi c$ng dfing (41,6%); hp ndm dugc cdc dudng loi, chfnh sdch cua n h i nudc (36,4%); vd tham chi hp cd the biet dupc hogt dflng ciia bO may chinh quyfin (17,8%) Dfli chieu vdi cic tieu chi xac dinh vai trd chii thfi cua nguoi nfing din xay dyng NTM giai dogn hipn nay*^*, cd thfi thiy ring, ngudi dan nfing thfln hien da cd y thiic phat huy vai trd chu the cua minh cdc hogt dpng tai dia phirang Hg chu dpng ban vipc ndm bit thflng tin, ddng gdp y kifin, tfl chiic thuc hifin v i tham gia vao qua trinh quyfit dinh tai cfli^ dfing Tuy nhien, difiu ^ n g ndi la cdc hogt dpng thu nhgn vd xur li thflng tin cua ngudi din nflng thon hifin van chu yfiu xuit phit tii kenh chinh quyfin dia phuang (hpp thfln/ ap, loa phat thanh) Do dd, vipc ngudi nflng 50 dan cd thfi thyc bifin trach nhiem xd hpi va ddng vai trd chu the cua qua trinh phat triSn tgi nflng thon hay khong phu thupc phiin lon v i o pham vi va chimg myc ma qui trinh trao quyfin dugc thyc thi giiia chinh quy^ dia phuang va ngudi dan Ket luan Nghi quyfit 26-NQ/TW xac djnh tang diu tu tir ngufln ngan sach nha nuo'c cho nflng nghiep, nflng dan, nflng thfln, dam bao vfln nam sau cao g i p dfli nam truoc Mac dil cd nhifiu uu tien vfi chinh sdch v! mfl, nhung ngufln lyc diu tu cho nong nghifip, nflng dan, nflng thon cho den vin dugc ddnh gii la "chua dap ling dugc nhu ciu, chua huy dflng dugc nhilu ngufin luc xa bgi"*^' Cd thfi thiy, tyu vfi phat trifin nong thfln nhung thip nien qua bit ngufin tii chinb tifim ndng kinh tfi x i hfli cua noi^ ddn, cimg nhu d vai trd ndng dpng, tich cue cua giai cip nfing ddn M | t khac, day cilng l i kfit q u i ciia qua trinh doi mdi tu ly ludn ciia Ding vfi vai trd cua nflng dan cdch mang v i sy nghipp phat trifin kinh te xa hfli d Vipt Nam Nfing nghipp, nflng dan, nong thfln hipn tro thdnh mflt nhiing uu tifin chinh sach hing ddu Cimg vdi nhihig thay dfli chinh sach vi mfi, chiing ta dang chlh^ kien nhirng bien cbuyen nflng thfin, giih mpt mgt Id sy phat trifin ciia nfin sdn xuSt theo hudng hipn dai hda va hfli nhgp qufic tfi; va mgt khic, la sy tfln tgi dai ddi^ cia cic quan hfi xa hpi "cfl truyfin" Khflng gian xa hpi hipn ciia nguoi nong d i n thyc khflng cd may bien '** Xem cdc tieu chf s6 tay huong dSn xSy dyng NTM da neu d tren '*' Nghi quy^t s6 26/2012/QHI3 ciia Qu6c hOi n ^ 21 Ui^g nam 2012 ve vi^c ti^p tyc nang cao hi$U luc, hi^u qua th^rc hi?n chfnh sdch, ph4p lu§t diu tu cong cho nong nghi?p, nong dan, nong tii6n Trdch nhiim xa hdi vd vai trd chu the ;huyen so vdi vai thip nifin trudc, nd hiu ibu chua vugt ngoii ranh gidi dia vyc ang xa Mgng ludi quan he xa hpi cua cu lan nflng thon van chii yeu xoay quanh cac iuan hfi so cdp va tuang dfii ddng kin Trong bfli canb do, vific thyc hifin trach ibifim xa hgi ciia ngudi dan nfing thfln chi :d thfi quy ve vific thyc hifin trich nhipm qua Igi giua chinh vien cua cac cpng iflng quen thupc Chimg nio nflng dan cdn la ngudi gan lien vdi cic quan h$ rupng dit truyen thflng (kinh te tifiu nflng) vi cac tgp thfi cflng dflng hgn chfi, cbdng cbua the ndi tdi trich nhifim xa hpi Trach nhifim xi hpi thyc sy sfi chi sinh trfin co sd sy phat trien cic quan he kinh tfi moi Sy khac bifit vfi bin chit cua sy tham gia ddi sflng hpi nhdm (tbam gia danb nghia/ tham gia thyc te) cCia cu din nong thfln, cfing vdi chuc ndng dan tuyen cua cac tfl chiic chinb tri xi bfli (li ca quan tuyfin truyfin chu truong, chinh sach cua Dang vd Nha nudc) khifin nflng dan trd d6i tugng thy nhin, hon li chu thfi cua ddi sflng hpi nhdm Cu dan nflng thfin tich cyc tham gia cac boat dgng xa bpi, nbung day hau nhu chua phai la boat dgng ty than, khifin hp trd thaiih ngudi thyc hien trich nhifim xa hpi mpt each cd dieu kien Chiing tfli cho ring c ^ cd ca che khuyfin khich nflng dan tu tfl chiic doi sflng bfli nhdm vi cac hogt dpng xa hpi phii hgp vdi nhu cau ciia ddi sflng kinh tfi, xa hOi, van hda cda hp Cd thfi thiy cic giai phap chfnh sach bien hudng tdi nflng dan nhu la mflt nhdra dfii tugng ddc bifit, cin cd nhung ca chfi bo trg dgc thu, dd din dfin nhihig dfi xuit chinh sach v^ nfing ddn raang tinh vgn dpng, tuyfin truyen, khuyfin khich; thay vi xic dinh vai trd cua nong din nhu la chu tbfi ciia qua trinh phit trifin Cin cd sy dfli radi vfi chfnh sich dfli vdi nfing dan ve ragt xa hpi, nhim kich thfch tifim ning, tfnh tfch cyc, chu dpng cua nflng dan tfl chiic ddi sflng xa hpi; dfi hp ddng vai trd chii thfi xay dyng nflng thfln mdi, tir dd mdi gdp phdn thlic day trich nhiem xa hpi ciia noi^ dan dfli vdi cfing dflng va xa hfii Tai li^u tham khao Ban Chdp h^h Trung ucmg Dang (2008), Nghf quyit 26-NQ/TW nggy thdng ndm 2008 vi "nong nghiep, nong ddn, ndng thdn " Bfii Quang Dung, Dang Thj Viet Phuong (2011), Diiu tra ndng ddn Viet Nam 2009 - 2010 Vi6n Hkn ISm Khoa hpc xa hpi Vift Nam Gourou, P (1936), Les paysans du delta tonkinois: etude de geographic humaine, Paris: Les editions d'art de d'histoire Hickey (1964), Village in Vietnam, New Haven and London: Yale University Press Houtart, F \k L^mercinier J (2001), Xd hgi hgc vi mdt xa a Viit Nam Nxb Khoa hpc x3 hpi Hi N§i Hpi Nong dSn vk BO Nflng nghiep vk Phht triln nong thfln (2012), Nghj quyit lien tfch sd 08 NQLT/HND-BNN ngdy 08 thdng ndm 2012 vi viic hd trg ndng ddn phdt triin kinh ti nong nghiip vd xdy difng ndng thdn m&i giai dogn 2012 - 2020 Jamieson, N L (1993X Understanding Vietnam Berkeley: University of California Press Nguyin Van Huyen (1995), Gdp phdn nghien cuu vdn hda Vigt Nam, t.l, Nxb Khoa hpc xS hpi, HaNpi Nguyen XuSn ThSng, BOi Quang Dfing (2013), "Trdch nhi?m xa h0i vd vai trfl chii th^ cQa nong dan phkt triin nflng nghiep va xay dgmg nong thon mdi", T^ip chi Khoa hgc xd hgi Viit Nam, sfl (66) 10 Quflc hfli (2012), Nghi quyit s6 26/20I2/QH13 ngdy 21 thdng ndm 2012 ve vi$c tiip tyc ndng cao hiiu lgc, hieu qud thgc hiin chinh sdch, phdp lugl ddu lu cdng cho nong nghi$p ndng dan ndng thdn 11 Scott, j (1976), The moral economy of the peasant Rebellion and subsistence in Southeast Asia Yale University Press, New Haven, London 12 Woodside, A (1971), "The development of social organizations in Vietnamese cities in the late colonial period" Pacific affairs 51 ...Trdch nhiim xa hgi vd vai trd chu thi Chuong trinh muc tifiu qufic gia vfi NTM khang dinh vai trd chu thfi nflng din giai dogn hifin nay, nhdm pbat huy... vdi cic tieu chi xac dinh vai trd chii thfi cua nguoi nfing din xay dyng NTM giai dogn hipn nay*^*, cd thfi thiy ring, ngudi dan nfing thfln hien da cd y thiic phat huy vai trd chu the cua minh... hfli cua noi^ ddn, cimg nhu d vai trd ndng dpng, tich cue cua giai cip nfing ddn M | t khac, day cilng l i kfit q u i ciia qua trinh doi mdi tu ly ludn ciia Ding vfi vai trd cua nflng dan cdch mang