r Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cone nelie Thuy j VAN £ € TRAO DOI TRACH NHIE.M X.A HOI \ t MOI TRL OXG CL \GA.NH THIA' S.AN HOI NRAP Q l c TE '^ '^R-\4nO.\.U Nga> Qhln ba,, ZiO[ 2016 l\rEGRATIO.\ To Thi Hiin I inh' \gav phan bien ,b ?2016 Na: TOM T.\T l'^'":'-'"-''fcaadaanhnghiip,amdivan,,Jd,,ocdecdpUia,ihie d,^ Tn, hien nhan Ihac vi vdn de caa cdc doanh ngh.ip nil chung, I a nuac ta ih&i gian g van kha hnn rhi ^^ ,1A A,, i , * ^ "n-nungc 'iganh thuy san noi van tha han che dodd, viic ,hire Inen n-deh nhiem va lidi id.An j ' " • rieng " ' ' hien """' ,veu can dich Ihac can nd cung cdn rd, nhidu /, •', A T """ """^ "'c thi trach n h i f m x i h9i cua doanh n g h i f p C6 nhilu cdtA\ djnh nghfa Itfiac vk trich nhiSm xa hOi cOa doanh nghiep Theo HOi d6ng Thuang mgi th^ gioi, "Ti^ch nhi$m xa h^i cOa doanh nghi$p la sy cam k i t vi#c ling xt> hp'p dgo ly vd dong gdp v i o s v phit trien kinh t4 d6ng th&i c i i ftign dtxk luvng cu0c s6ng cua lyc lugrng lao dOng v i gia dinh hg, d3ng nhi/ cOa cOng d6ng ^ a phuong v i cQa toin xa h^i n6i chung"; hay theo nhdm Phit triln kinh t l tu nhin cua Ngin hing The gidi (WB), trich nhi|m x i hOi cua doanh nghi$p l i "sy cam k i t cOa doanh nghiep ddng gdp cho vi$c phit triln kinh t l ben vijng, thong qua nhOng vi0c Iim ning cao chit lu^ng d6i sing cQa ngudi lao dOng v i cac thinh vi6n gia dinh he?; die c^ng d6ng v i t o i n xa h^i theo cich cd l^i cho c i doanh nghi$p cung nhu phdt triln Chung cCia xa hdi" [1] M i c dCi cich dien giai cd t h i khic nhau, nhung cd t h i hilu trdch nhiim xa hOi ciJa doanh nghi#p mdt cich d^y dO bao g6m: (ii) trich nh!$m vdi ttij ttudng v i ngudi t i i u dCing; (ii) trich nhi^m v l b i o v$ mdi t r u i n g ; (ill) trich nhi§m vdi ngudi lao ddng v i (iv) trSch nhi$m Chung vdi cdng ding [3] Thi,rc hi#n trdch nhi$m xa hdi cd t h i mang lgi cho doanh nghi§p nhilu Ig-i ich VI viy, m6i doanh nghidp tv quyit i^nh mdt cich t y nguy§n v l thyc hi$n trich nhi§m xS hdi cfla minh v i cd nh&ng \ty\ ich kinh doanh &idng qua c i c hogt ddng, dd l i : 154 • TRUiiNG OAI HQC NHA TIJANS sS2/20i6 - t)6i v©i bSn mua; ^ o v$ ^\iang N$u khdrig bJ.xS t # ^ Wch; li&ig cao uy tin cfla s i n phim mdt cich b i n vQng: md rdng thi tnj-dhsi V i i n i tt^ vft g i i c i ; duvc tham gia c i c chiKyrf « n h ^ i to V i l r i c h nhi#m x i hdi^ ©61' vdi bfin b i n : Duy tri hogc ki? t h i m hpp dong; Sng ning sulit v i c h i t lt«mg s i n phim; giim s6 cdng n h i n bd vi$c: ©nauyiifri x i h d i d l d§ d i n g hogt d^ng han - Cai thidn^ c i c tieu chuin lao ddng, c^ t h i i i tang c t ^ hfgrr^ cudc s i n g v i c i i thi^n §0"e khde t ^ o n ^ f d i japtddng v i gia dinh hp; ho t ^ d l thyc hiin t i t han lugt p h i p lao ddng; taqg k h i ning cgnh tranh qu6c gia Nhu Viy, ndi h i m cfla trdch nhidm x i h$i ciia doanh nghiip bao gom nhieu khia cgnh liin quan d i n t>ng xi> cfla doanh nghiep d i l vdi c i c chfl t h i v i d l i tupng cd Irin quan q u i trinh hogt ddng cfla doanh nghi$p, tO ngydi t i i u ttiy d i n c i c n h i ojng c i p nguyin iiiu, v i t li$u tgi chS, tfl- nhin vi&i cho d i n c i c CO ddng cfla doanh nghiip wi Thipc tr^ng v l t h M « hr#n t i i c h n h i f m x i h$i v l mdi t i v d v i g cQa n g i n h thOy s i n N i n g cao trich nhi^m x i hOi p h i t triln thfly s i n hudng d i n myc t i i u ning oao s y hilu biet cfla c i c doanh nghidp thfly san v i ngu-di d i n , v l thyc hinh trach nhiim xa hdi vide p h i t t n i n thfly s i n d i n g thdi chia s i nhO-ng Wnh nghidm thyc h i n h t i t tfl* c^c doanh nghidp d l tgo ddng fyc hu^ng d i n tiiyc hi#n trdch nhiim x i hdi t o i n ngirih ttifly sdn Viit Nam Thfly s i n l i mdt nginh hirtg cd gid tri kim nggch x u i t khiu Idn n h i t cOa h v ^ ta hiin Trong nhi>ng n i m g i n d i y s i n lupng cfla nginh d i cd nh£>ng budc p h i t tttln nhanh chdng c i khai thdc v i nudi trlno thfly ^ n ^ Trong giai dogn 1985 - 2008, s i n k«?nd nginh thfly s i n d i t i n g g i n l l n tCr i M S u t i n l i n 4,6 trtiu t i n Trong dd khai i h i c h i i s i n t i n g 2.4 S n t i c dd t i n g tnrdng binh q u i n dgt 3,8%/nim; nudi trdng thfly s i n t i n g " i " So 2/2016 , „ r „ 8,8 I h , i f e i # I I K ^ i « ( i a n g Binh quSn ,J * f » B « * i a « « * « # n » « p \ A Phat t r i i i ^ • ' I ^ M g ( i M T s a ^ M m h a i n nam 2014 tong '• ^ l » w l « ^ ^ « ( l K h : 6,3 tneu t i n , gia h] XBft Miiu M Bllfe kf l(ic 7,92 t? USD San ^ l i l A > l M ) r s J n h i ^ o n i a t t a i 164 quocgia I I ^ * ' * * " ^^''^' ^'""^ P l M t t n l n kinh te « j r s i n da Ihu hiit lao aang tJr khoSng 800 BSMll ngtron nam 1991 tang i&i 3.4tn§u ngu&i l * B 2000 vi dat 4,7 tneu ngufti nSm 2014 PW(AFIS,2014) 1^ M n canh nhOng q u i dat auqrc nsanh thOy san Vi$t Nam aa va aang phii asi i l * v * i n h * u v i n a l , t r o n g a m S i truftng iu6n ttthfch thCrc Iftn nh^t flat Irong ohu8i cung '4*l'thay sSn Vi$t Nam D i l u n4y c6 the i n h *»»>» n l u a i n uy tin V* chit iuwng thuy san W6tNam m llin th| tnj theo tOng loai nghi mim tSu iu«i kao chilm a i n 60 - 80%- aay , a r»«Sm nghi aang augc quic t l quan ngai i o M t Nhllu hogt dOng khai thSc thilu b i n 'Wing, g i y t i n hai m i l traftng vSn t i n tai va *«haaquaniya(f(7c luil tring thuy sin ^« -nDng ffilu ki$n san Irpgng Kr aanh b i t * n » chfrng lai va oft huftng giim thi hoat , «9na nuiii tning thiy s i n (NTTS) chinh la Weoln cung cho tuong lai NTTS n l u dl aOng huftng, co t h i lam giam ap luc d l i vfti thiiysantunhienvaaftnggftpvaosifphat triln kinh te xa hpi tai cac cOng a i n g aja phmrng, nhung cung c6 t h i tsio nhu'ng t i c dpng BSu cue den m i i tnfftng Viet Nam da IS mpt nhu'ng quoc gia san xuat thOy san Iftn nhat the gifti LTnh vuc cung d l lai hS luy khong nho v l moi tnpftng Qua trinh chuyen dich tft tring Ida sang NTTS dang diln quy mft Iftn ft Wing ven biln, lam tSng xam nhap man ft vUng ven biln va npi ding Mpc chuyin d l i hang loat rtrng ngap man ven biin sang nuoi tom ft nhieu nuftc dft c6 Mat Nam, iam giam dang k l d l che p h i rtrng ngap man ven blln, anh huftng a i n chftc nang hp sinh thai rtrng ngap man Chit thai NTTS, chij y l u v j l chit huu co (thftc an thfta thii nj'a, phan thuy san null, bOn d i t t o nao vat ao nuoi ) va cac v j l chit v l ca (thulc, hfta chit, khoang chit ) s l lupng iftn t) 1$ thujn vfti san lupng thiiy san null Hoat ding nufti oa biln va null ca ao, ling bft sft dgng thftc an tv nhian phat tnin cOng g i y nhilu i n h huftng a i n m i l tnpftng H i u h i t vCIng null khing CO h» thing xi ly nuftc thai [4] Viae quan if ailu h i t m i l tnpftng nuftc trang qua tnnh null khing kip thfti Trang thfti gian null chinh vg, thfti tilt k h i han, a | m j n tang lan theo dft cac y l u t l m i l truftng cOng c6 su biln d l i tuong ftng so iam tftm sic, bi n g | dflc vfti moi tnpftng DJc bi|t, chay theo Ipi nhuSn nen ngufti dan tha iian tuc, khing oft thfti' gian ngat vu, khang sCr dgng diing chit xft if, oai tao ao dam aam bao ky thuSt, banh tilm I n vl t h i CO diiu kipn biing phat Khi tom null b| bf nh khing bao cho co quan quan If thii y thOy s i n th«m chi cftn xa nuftc ao bi nhilm binh m i l Inpftng xung quanh khu vuc nuoi Day cung IS nhung nguyin nhSn chinh khiin cho dich b|nh lan rOng nhanh chftng vilng nuoi tftm Ben canh dft, thing thiiy ipi viing nu3l tom khang dam bao, thiiu nuftc sach cSc hfl Bn dgng h i t a l t a l iam ao ngn khftng eft ao lang xu If nuftc ma bftm Inrc tilp nuftc b i n tft muftng da mang theo d i t phu sa va vl sinh vat m TRUONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG I 5 i sijmii Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cone neH Thiy sin gay hai vao ao tam Cing tac glSm s i t , phat hipn banh phftng tri banh chim, chipa sat sao, x u if cac ao/dim bj bpnh chua quyit IHt, nhip cupc ciJa mat so ca quan quan If, ng^ign diu xac djnh nguyin nhan va tim giSj phap khac phgc cdn cham Cic nginh nghi d/cA vg phgc irjr nuof fr^ngi tfiiiy sin, gom thing cac aai If kinh doanh thftc an, hoa chat, men vi sinh, c h i pham sinh hpc, chit xir If cai tao m i i bipftng Tren thj truftng co hun 8.000 ioai san phim aang luu hanh vfti nguon g l c r i t aa dang, nhu hang npi, hang nhap, hang nhap r l i pha tr^n Tinh hlnh gay b l i roi cho ngufti null chpn san phim d l su dgng dong thfti gay k h i khan trang d n g tac quan ly cia co quan chftc nang K i t qua kiim tra Irong thang d i u nam 2015 cua tra chuyin nganh da phat hijn 79/165 tnpftng hpp vi pham, chilm 47% Do la cac san phim h i t han sft dgng, nhan mac khang diing qui ajnh, hang kem chat lupng, khang ro nguin g l c xult xft Hi|n tupng s u dyng thulc b i o ve thuc vSt d l c i i tao ao dang diin ft nhllu npi ngufti null chay theo Ipi Ich kinh t l tnpftc m i t (Bft Nong nghiap va Phat triln nlng than, 2012) Thulc diat tap eft phln nlng dupe la Cypennethrine, Dipterex hay thulc bao vp thuc vat (nhu Padan, Dexit, Visher) la nhung san phim dupe xac dinh da gay thiat hai cho h i null Khi kiim tra nguin nuftc va dIt ao null oft t i m bj banh d i u nhilm ham lupng Cypennethrine kha cao Chit Cypennethrine la chit rit die, chi d n ft nlng dft 0,05 ppm CQng ao d l t i m chit 50% Trong dft, ndng dan nuai t i m sft dgng nlng d | gIp 40 l i n Nguy hilm hpn la sft dgng ohit lau ngSy chUng se tich luy nlng d | cao bj gift chat bfti nhftng hat keo sat Irong ait, nuftc va chi bj phan h l y dufti anh sang va c6 dft pH tu 7-9 Cht rieng ioai di|t giap xac aS eft tfti hang ngan loai khiin ngufti null khang biit cai nao la hllu qua - chit lupng Trong quy ma diln tich mat d | tha null nam sau d i u cao hon nam tnpftc, nhung thijy ipi cho viing nufli etttialing tuongftngnin nlng dan ding thulc bSo v l t h v c v « v l rtliln Oo H, vin di Hi" >* hfta chit d n phS duvc thit chSt hon ( B l Nflng n g h i ^ v l Phat b i i n n l i ^ than 2012) ChiUtnUrliysin M6i nam o h I b i l n thiiy s i n sft dgng khoang trilu t i n nguyin lilu hang ohgc trilu m3 nufto vS kWh diln; hing nghln ^ n hfta chit t i y nia, khft tning, m i l c h i t lanh vfti khli ilppng ohit t h i i r i t Iftn, n h i t i i nuftc thai hi>u CO Tuy nhiin, v i n d i q u i n If vS f thftc chip h i n h quy d|nh p h i p iuSt c i a d o doanh nghiip v i n chua thuc tot V i n c6h nhilu doanh nghiip chua thuc hian b i o d o aanh gia tap a i n g m i l tnpftng hoac cam k ^ b i o va mai buftng (chilm khoang 4.33%SiilSn 2012) Nhiiu doanh nghiip, co sft vln^cbua c6 thing xft If nuftc t h i i ; k h l o s i t n«ro 2012 oOa Bp NN&PTNT cho t h i y o6n 15,92% doanh nghiip chua oft h | thong xft If nuftc thai; 29% chua i p quy trinh c i n g n g h i x u If nuftc thgl kiiu k i t hpp (Co hpc + Hfta If + Sinh hpo)i Ngcai ra, thing xft If nuftc t h i i cftn han o h I (khft van hinh, thfti gian xft If dai, ), cOng nghi xCr If nuftc thai phftc tap, Chua duiift nghien cftu rilng p h i hpp tftng loai hlnh c h i biin th(iy s i n Chit t h i i nguy hai tin-dpng ngiy cang nhllu oo sft c h i b i l n t h i i y s i n , vlpc sir dgng c h i t tay npa khft tning Irong o h I biln t h i y s i n cang t i n g LupngjOhil thai nguy hai khoang 500 tIn/nam; nhung htin c i c co sft dang t i n dpng s l lupng ngiy cang iftn hon (hang nghln t i n ) chua dupe b i o quan, x u If; vl nhilu dia phuong chua eft co quan thu gom va xft If chit t h i i nguy hai G i i m sat, tra 402 co sft, B | NN8,PTNT (gial doan 2008-2011) Phit hian 211 l l n vi pham v l m i l truftng nhilu nhit IS vi pham v l nufto (6,6%); s l l i n vi ph,m n i m sau nhilu hon nam tnpftc (iCAHS, 2015) [2] Theo H i Phuong (2015) vfti mat lo,t cac su vg •nlng- v i cac co sft gay a nhiSm ^ A I eg I h l , n rang n h i t T , l mat s i Bnh eft nganh 156 reuijNG OAI HOC NHA IRANG piMIHoalac-CSisn^Tkuysan So 2/2016 J "Shift) n O y s a n phat Silo, Ihl ngipfti dan , ^ Phil sing Chung vfti Bnh bang a nWfai ,'tee aai Tai Ba Ria - VQI« TIU « y la cai ^ »>u mua tflm ca d a nhllu thh, s o che m b A i phgc vg x u i t khiu va t l i u thg n l i « B i n dia phipong hlln CO 244 CO sft boat * B l i t e