ISSN: 2354-0575 (:l T U T U d N G TRIET HQC CUA PHAT GIAO VA ANH HUCfNG CUA N DOI V d l V THlTC DAO DlTC CON N G U d i VIET NAM HIEN NAY Cao Xuan Sang Trudng Bgi hgc Suphgm Ky thuat Hung Yin Tom tat: Trong bdi viet ndy, tdc gid hi thdng hda phdn tich, ludn gidi nhihig tu tudng triet hgc ca bdn eua Phdt gido qua cdc khdi niem nhdn qud, vd thudng, vd ngd, ludn hdi, nghiep bdo tu diiu di Ddn chirng quan diim eiia Ddng vd Nhd nuoc chii tnrong thira nhgn, khuyen khich phdt huy nhimg gid tri van hda dao due tdt d^p cua cdc tdn gido, cd dgo diic Phdt gido Tren ea sd khai thdc su dnh huang cua nd ddi vdi y thirc dgo dire ngudi Viet Nam vi ehuan mue gid tri dgo due tdt dep nhu huong thien, tit bi, hy xd; binh ddng, bdc di khoan dung, vt tha Tir khda: Phdt gido, tdn gido, dgo dire, gidi thodt Dat van de Nhin lai nhiing thap ky cuoi the ky XX va nhimg nam dau cua the ky XXI, tinh hinh ton giao tren the gioi va nuac ta hien nay, co nhieu bieu hien dien bien phiic tap, het sue nhay cam, da va dang dat nhieu van de can dugc ly giai tren co so khoa hoc Voi tu each la mot hinh thai y thiic xa hoi, ton giao luon bien dong phan anh su bien doi ciia lich su nhan loai Ton giao la nhu cau tinh than ciia mot bp phan nhan dan, nhung lai lien quan va luon anh huong kha sau sac den cac linh vuc ciia dai song xa hoi, tac dpng den van hoa, dao diic, kinh te, chinh tri, xa hpi, an ninh va quoc phong Vi6t Nam la dat nuoc da ton giao, ma dao Phat la ton giao co mat rat som tu han 2000 nam truoe Ngay tir bu6i dau tien, voi tu tuong tir bi, hi xa, tu tuong Phat giao da dugc nhan dan Viet Nam don nhan, luon dong hanh cimg dan toc vai phuang cham nhap th^, gan bo giira Dao va Doi, phan dau vi hanh phiic an vui cho nguai Dao Phat da tra mgt nhiing he tu tuang - ton giao CO siic song lau dai, ton tai cho den nay, da anh huang sau sac den doi song tmh than nguoi Viet Nam lich su va hien tai Trong do, noi bat hon ca, tu tuang tac dong den din song xa hpi, CO anh huong sau dam den y thiic dao diic ciia nguai Viet Nam hien nay; gop phan xay dung nhiing chuan mue gia tri dao due tot dep phii hpp cong cugc xay dung xa hgi mai - Chii nghia xa hgi, theo phuong cham cua Dang va Nha nuoc "Dgo phdp, ddn tpcvdchii nghia xd hpi" NOi dung 2.1 Sy dcri cua dao Phat Ph?t giao dcfi vao thS ky VI tr.CN tai miin Dong Bac An Dp Nguai sang lap dao Phat la Thich ca Mau ni Sau ong dugc nguoi dai ton vinh la Buddha (Phat) Ten th^t ciia Phat Khoa hgc & Cong nghe - So 4/2014 la Siddharta (Tat Dat Da) Ong sinh - (co sach ghi - 4) nam 563 U-CN, Nam 19 tu6i, Ong cuoi va va c6 mot trai Tuy nhien, tiep xiic va nhin nhan thay canh dai vai sir bien thien vo thucmg ciia sinh, lao, benh, tir; bien kho tram luan (Doi la be kho) Nam 29 tuoi ong quyet dinh tir bo cupc song tran tuc, quyet chi di tu de tim phuong thuoc chiia kho dau cho nhan the Sau nam di tim chan ly, nam Ong 35 tuoi da dao (giac ngo), Sau 45 nam tmyen dao ciiu kho ciiu nan khong biet met moi, cugc doi ciia mgt nhan vat c6 anh huong to Ion tcri nhan dan An Dp va tren the gi6i da ket thiic nam Ong 80 tuoi Phat giao duac xay dung tren mpt niem tin tir dire Phat, tire tir bien lan tri tue va tir bi cua Phat Tu tuang ciia Phat mang dam dau an cua chii nghia nhan van va phuang phap tu bien chimg o trinh dp sau sac dang kinh ngac Cot loi tu tuong cua dire Phat la ban ve noi kho, giai thich nguyen nhan ndi kho va tim duong de thoat kho Phat giao khac vai cac ton giao khac, khong phan biet dang cap khat khe cua giai cap thong tri xa hgi o cho chiing sinh thupc bat ky dang cap nao ciing dugc "gidi thodt" Phat giao la tigng noi phan khang su bat cong xa hpi, la khat vong ve tu tu tuong ciia quan chung nhan dan Kinh dien Phat giao rat so (thien kinh, van quyen), gom Tam tang kinh dien- Kinh tang ghi lai Phat thuyet phap hpc tro tap hgp de ghi lai cac bp kinh; Luat tgng la cac giai luat ma giao doan phai tuan theo; Ludn tgng la cac tac pham luan giai ve Phat giao cua cac cao tang, hgc gia 2.2 Tir tuong triet hpc ca ban cua Phat giao ve th^ gidi tu nhien (the g i ^ quan) Phat giao nhan thiic ve the gioi tu nhien ciing nhu ve cuoc dai bat dau bang quy luat nhan - qua, Theo do, nhan - qua la mpt chuoi lien tuc khong gian doan va khong hon loan, co nghia la xem xet cac sir vat - hien tugng tren quan diem Journal of Science and Technology 127 ISSN: 2354-0575 nguyen nhan nao sinh ket qua ay Moi quan he thuong dugc gpi la nhan duyen voi y nghia la mpt ket qua ciia nguyen nhan nao se la nguyen nhan cua mpt ket qua khac Tir each nhin nhan cua Phat giao ve the giai tu nhien bang su phan tich triet ly nhan qua, Phat giao cho rang khong the tim dugc mgt nguyen nhan dSu tien khai thuy tao vu tru nay, dieu CO nghia la khong co mgt dang Toi cao (Brahman - Ding sang tao hay Thuang de) nao tao vii tm Ban chat dich thuc ve su ton tai toi thugng cua vu tru la mgt dong van dpng bien chuyen lien tuc (vo thuang) Do vay ciing khong co gi cai gi la vTnh hang Ciing tu Phat giao cung phii dinh cai "toi - Atman", nghTa la khong co cai toi (vo nga) Theo Phat giao, the gioi la vd thudng, van vat bi6n doi vo ciing, nam dong troi chay khong ngimg, khong nghi theo chu trinh bat tan, sinh - tru - di - diet hay: - tru - hoai - khong, Kinh Phat thuang CO cum tir "sac sac, khong khong" de noi ve su vo thuong cua dai song hay nhu' "Cupc song dugc vi nhu mgt dong thac do, chay mau va troi xa, khong CO phut nao ngimg nghi." [I] Quan diem "vo nga" tiic la khdng c6 edi toi cdi ta cugc song la dong chay vo thuang, van vat vii tru chi la sir "gia hop" hgi dii nhan duyen nen "c6" (t6n tai); "thoang co", "thoang khong", cai thi chang con, cai mat thi chang mat, Dieu khien Phat giao nhin su vat hien tugng cua the gioi ben ngoai chi la ao anh, co day nhung khong co thuc Ngay ban than su t6n tai cua thuc the nguai chang qua chi la su tap hop ciia "ngu uan" - nam nhom ciia sir song No nuong tua vao nhau, bien doi, sinh diet khong ngung ma tao cai nga gia tam vai hai ph5n: than (vat chit) va tam (tinh than) Than la sir k^t hgp ciia ni dai (dia, thuy, boa, phong) No hpp lai thin gian ngan eua cugc dcri thi nga (toi), r6i tach chuyen ve voi ngoai canh, sang trang thai khac nen khong CO cai toi Nhu khong khi, hit vao la cua ta, ma tho la ciia d4t trai Tam la su ph6i hgp cua that tinh - bay trang thai tinh cam (hi: vui mung; no: gian giii; ai: buon ba; lac: vui ve; ai: yeu thuang; 6: ghet; due: ham muon), dugc chia b6n loai: thu (cam giac); tuong (in tugng); hanh (y chi); thiic (y thiic, cai biet phan biet) Do vay, s6ng ch6t chi la hgp tan ciia ngu uan Con nguoi la su k^t hgp dpng cua nhiing yeu to dpng nen chiing la vo nga Mgi cai chi la phii du, ao anh, tan hgp vo thuang su bien ao khong cimg cita dcri s6ng 2.3 T u tiTffng t r i i t hpc co ban cua PhSt giao ve nhSn sinh quan (quan diem v l ngiroi va doi nguoi) Phat giao chii yeu quan tam den ciru kho cho 128 Chung smh, do, "no chii y i u tgp trung tu tucrng vao vln d6 nguai, nhan sinh" [2], No d?t van Ak tim kiim mue tieu nhan sinh su giai thoat cho nguoj khoi vong "luan h6i, nghiep bao" la Nghiep bi chi ph6i theo luat nhan qua Nghi?p nhu la tit ca nhiing hanh dpng, cii chi, hanh vi, suy nghi ciia nguai moi tich luy mpt it, dSn din hinh luat vo hinh - nghi?p Khi nghiep, ngucri lai phai quay tra lai de tra gia cho nhung hanh dpng, hanh vi, cut chi, suy nghi kiep truac, tiic luan hoi (luan: banh xe; hoi: quay tro lai) Gieo nhan nao thi g|it qua ay, ac gia ac bao van xoay Hai nhan nhdn hai, xua le thuang, Tu minh gay nghiep, ti^ minh ganh hau qua Cai khong chi bat dau a kiep ma tir khong biet bao nhieu kiep tmac Mue dich cuoi cung cua diic Phat la tim duong giai thoat, dua chimg sinh khoi vong luan hoi bat tan D6 di den giai thoat, Phat neu len "Tii dieu de", nghia la Bon chan ly ky dieu, thieng lieng ma moi chimg sinh phai nhan thiic dupe, g^ra c6: Kho de, Nhan de (tap de), Diet de, Dao de - Mpt la, Khd di Phat khang dinh cupc doi la be kho Cupc doi dugc torn lai tdm thii kh6 chinh, ggi la "Bat kh6": Sinh; Lao; Bgnh; Tir; Thu biet ly kh6 (yeu thuong phai xa la kho); 6, Gan tang hpi kho (ghet phai tu hpi vai la kho); So cau bat ddo kho (mu6n ma khong dugc cung la kh6); Thii ngii uSn kh6 (kho vi CO sir ton tai ciia than xac) - Hai la, Nhdn di hay ggi la Tgp de: nguyen nhan ciia kho, theo Phat giao, 1^ due vgng (long ham muon manh liet cua nguai) Due vgng thfi hien ro nhat a Tam dgc la tham, san, si - nong gian (sinh vo minh - sir me lim, khong sang su6t) dim chim cupc dcri Nguyen nhan cua kho Phat giao dupe ly giai bing thuyit thip nhi nhan duyen (12 nhan duyen) - Ba la, Diet de: muon thoat khoi be kho thi phai diet trir dugc nguyen nhan gay kho va dat din Niit ban Niit ban nghTa la Diet do, Giai thoat , la diet phien nao, diet sinh tit [3] Khi mgi dau kho, mac cam, am anh, lo au, bu6n philn deu tan bien Chiing sinh khong tile qua khii, khong Io tuang lai, song than, binh yen, hiln lanh day long thuong cam Hanh dgng cua chiing sinh gilng nhu gieo mgt hat diic - khong mim, tai sinh - B6n la, Dgo di: Phgt chi duang tieu diet cai kho, duang "tu dao" gom tam nguyen tac, tam duong chinh (bat chinh d^o) nhu sauI Chinh kiln (hilu bilt diing din nhit la tu di?u dl); 2, Chinh tu (suy nghT diing din), chinh ngir (giii loi noi chan chinh); Chinh nghiep (giu nghiep khong tac dgng xau, neu khong phai tra gia Khoa hoc & Cong nghe - So 4/2014 Journal of Science and Technol, ogy ISSN: 2354-0575 cho I6i lim minh gay ra); Chinh menh (giir ngan due vpng); Chmh tinh tiin (ren luyen vao tu tap khong met moi); Chinh niem (phai niem Phat, tin vao giai thoat); Chinh dinh (tgp trung tu tuang cao dp vao m hgc) Tam duong c6 the than tom lai vao "Tam hgc " tiic la ba dieu can hoc tap va ren luyen la Gioi - Dinh - Tue Giai gom co (Chinh ngii, Chinh nghiep, Chinh menh, Chinh tinh tien) de giii cho than tam, tinh, sach Dinh gom CO (Chinh niem, Chinh djnh) de thu tam khong bi ngoai canh lam xao dgng, Tue gom co (Chinh kien, Chinh tu duy) de khai ma tri tue den thuc hien giai thoat 2.4 Anh h u ^ g ciia tir tirihig triet hpc P h a t giao doi vol y thirc dao dire nginri Viet Nam hien Nghi quyet Hgi nghi Trung uong khoa VIII, Dang ta dat han van de ve chinh sach van hoa doi voi ton giao, chu truong "khuyin khich y tuong cdng bdng, bdc di, huong thiin tdn gido" [4] Tiep tuc, Nghi quyet Trung uong khoa IX ve cong tac tfin giao da thira nhan: "Tin nguong, tdn gido Id nhu cdu tinh thdn cua mdt bd phdn nhdn ddn Dao due tdn gido cd nhieu diiu phii hop vdt cdng cudc xdy dung xa hdi mdi " [5] Den van kien Dai hgi Dang lan thii X thi quan diem cua Dang doi voi ton giao ta khong chi dimg lai thira nhan, khuyen khich cac y tuang dao ditc ton giao ma chu tmong "phdt huy nhung gid tri van hda dao dire tot dep ciia cdc tdn gido " [6] Nhu vay Dang da khang dinh dao dire ton giao, co dao diic Phat giao CO y nghTa giao due ngudi trir ac, huang thien hien Trong Phat giao, vi tri cua dao diic co vai tro rat quan trong, boi vi no la pham phuong tien cu the de hanh gia thuc su thoat khoi tat ca mgi thir rang bupc, noi chung la thoat kho Nhiing ca sa triet ly true tiep ciia dao dire Phat giao dugc dat trpng tam vao eon nguoi, nen tang ciia thuyet nghiep (luat nhan qua), tinh than vo nga, vi tha va de cao tinh than cua bi, tri, diing cua mgt nen dao diic dp sinh rpng lan Dao dire Phat giao vai hon da tang la tir dieu de, khang djnh ngudi khong phai mn sg truoe bat ky uy quyen thieng lieng (sieu nhan) nao Phat giao cho rang ban chat tu nhien nguai v6n binh dang, Chuan mirc "'thiin" va "dc" khong phai ciia rieng ai, ciia rieng dang cap nao "Phdt tgi tdm" thira nhan ciing c6 quyen tu duong, phin d i u va diu CO the dat toi qua vi hoan hao Cho nen, c6t loi ciia dao diic Phat giao la Gioi, Dinh, Tue Bat chinh dao (Dao dl) Bat chinh dao la tam phucmg phap th\rc hanh ket hgp y thiic vai hanh dong diing dan Khai niem "'Chinh" cho thiy ro vai tro dinh hudng gia tri dao diic Phat giao Khoa hoc & Cong ngh? - So 4/2014 Dao dire Phat giao vai tinh thien, binh dang, bac bao la, neu cao ngpn cd hoa binh cung tinh than ciru kho, ciiu nan nen da tham sau vao long dai chiing Viet Nam, song thuy chung voi dan toc Viet Nam qua bao thang tram cua lich sii va tdn tai cho den nay, Tmdc va Phat giao du nhap, d Vi6t Nam da co nhieu tin nguong, ddng thdi CO nhiing tu tudng triet hpc tham nhap nhu Nho giao va Dao giao Nhung cd nhung dilm phii hop tuong ddng giiia Phat giao va dan tdc Viet ma quan niem dao dire Phat giao dupe tiep nhan dung hgp vdi ddi song van hda, chinh trj, tm nguong va dao diic tmyen thdng Viet Nam Ngay nay, chiing ta thay rang bieu hien ndi bat anh hudng cua Phat giao den y thirc dao diic ngudi Viet Nam hien nay, du mirc dp va pham vi cua nd khac nhau, thi cai thiin van duge tri, anh hudng ro net, sau rgng long nhan dan Chinh cai thien di lien vdi tri tue cua Phat giao da tao cho nhieu ngudi co mem tm, cam tinh vdi Phat giao, nhat la hoan canh xa hpi cua nen kinh te thi trudng bon chen, xd bd, chay theo ddng tien d nude ta; tinh hinh phiic tap ciia qua trinh hgi nhap kinh te quoc te cung vdng xoay tieu cue ciia toan cau hoa dem lai tren the gidi hien Tiep thu tir tnet ly Phat giao ciing vdi gia tri tmyen thong dan toc Ngudi Viet luon coi trpng cdi thiin Nhan dan deu tin d cai thiSn, deu mudn lam dieu thien Ngudi Viet tin d cai thien ban than minh, ludn ndi thien, Iam thien, song het minh vi mgi ngudi, ndi chung la phai an d that tha Da bao ddi nay, ngudi Viet van tin rang: "Thiin cdn d tgi long la, Cha tdm m&i bdng ba ehu- tdi - Truyen Kiiu " Luat nhan qua cua Phat giao cdn khang dinh chiing ta gieo nhan tuc la da gay nghiep, gay nghiep lanh dugc qua lanh, gay nghiep dii bi qua dii Vi vay da hudng ngudi vao viec thien, xa lanh dieu ac Neu chiing ta gat bd yeu td than bi ve kiep ngudi (luan hdi, nghiep bao) luat nhan qua, ta se thay dugc tinh than nhan ban sau sac ciia Phat giao, Khi viec giao due ngudi sdng lanh manh, lam viec tdt gdp phan xay dung xa hdi yen binh, nhan van hon Triet ly ve luat nhan qua Phat giao cdn gdp phan viec ngan ngira y dinh, hanh vi vi pham phap luat cua ngudi chua hoc Id (tda an luong tam) Hien nay, nhieu ngdi chiia d Viet Nam, cac nha Su da thuyet giang v l dao diic Phat giao cho cac Phat tir, ngudi dan binh thudng, cho den cac em nhd cac khda tu miia he (khda tu Phat That - Bay tu) cd y nghia va gia trj rat Idn viec gdp phan xay dung nen dao diic mdi d nude ta Bdi vi, ngudi tmdc nguy c a trd tdi pham, thi luong tam thudng hay hi can diit, day vd Trong suy nghi ban dau cua hg ludn cd sir dan do, dau tranh tu tudng Do do, Journal of Science and Technology 129 ISSN: 2354-0575 niu nhu hg bi qua bao trimg phat, qua bao cd the ling vdi ban than minh tham ehi cdn chiu hau qua lau dai v l sau Nhiiu vi Su da tiing vao tan trai giam de giang giai giao ly nhan qua cho cac Ph^m nhan, liic ho da hilu thi se an nan hoi cai va hoan luang Sau cai tao tdt ho tai hda nhap vdi cpng ddng xa hpi, bp se cd nhirng hanh dpng thien, tich c\rc hoan luong d l chupc lai Idi lam, cai tao nghiep ma ho da gay tnrdc dd Mat tich cue cua Phat giao ndi chung, dao diic Phat giao ndi neng bao gdm nhiiu khia canh Trude hit, nd gdp phan ciing cd dao diic xa hdi, tdn vinh nhiing gia tri van hda dan toc, yeu que huong, yeu dit nude; kinh trpng va phung dudng cha me, giau Idng nhan ai, vi tha gdp phan tao nen nhan each cua mdt bp phan ngudi Viet Nam dang sdng hien Anh hudng ciia nd lam cho hg cd cugc sdng lanh manh, sach, gian di, cd tam long nhan ai, khoan dung, yeu thuang dong loai, bilt cam thdng, quan tam din ndi khd ciia ngudi khac, Ciiu ngudi liic hoan nan khd khan, lam tii thien cho ngudi ngheo ,, mgi hanh ddng ay deu duoc bat diu tir tam, tir tinh tir giac Nhirng tu tudng vl dao diic Phat giao da gdp phan nang cao va lam phong phii hon nhiing gia tri dao ditc ngudi Viet Nam hien Tuy nhien, ciing can phai thay ring, qua trinh xay dung n i n dao dire mai, khong phai mpi chuin mue dao diic Phat giao vin cdn c6 y nghTa, bdi suy cho ciing dao dire Ph^t giao van khdng thoat khdi nhiing ban che von cd ciia dao diic ton giao ndi chung Chiing ta phai bilt k l thira cd chon lgc nhirng gia tri dao due ton giao phii hgp vdi cong cupc ddi mdi cua Dat nuoc trude su nghiep xay dung va bao ve viing chac td qude Viet Nam xa hpi ehu nghia Vi vay, xay dung, giao due, tuyen t m y i n mdt nen dao diic mdi theo chu nghTa Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vIn la nhiem vu lau dai, vira cip bach hien Ket luan Tir lich sit dan toc, tu tudng trilt hgc CO ban ciia Phat giao da c6 nhung ddng gdp nhSt dinh cho viec hinh nhiing quan niem dao diic tdt dep va nhan van cho xa hdi Viet Nam Nhung gia tri, chuin mue dao diic ciia Phat giao nhu tir bi, hy xa, vi tha, nhan ai, khoan dung, hudng thien, nhan qua van dang cd anh hudng tich cue ddi vdi ngudi Viet Nam hien Vai trd ciia dao dire Phat giao cdn gdp phin tri va phat huy nhiing nep sdng dao dire sang, lam cho ddi sdng tinh than ciia xa hpi ta cang lanh m^nh./ Tai lieu tham khao [I] Nguyin Thi Toan, Gidi thodt ludn Phgt gido, NXB chinh tri Qude gia Ha Ngi, 2010, tr.37 [2] Nguyin Hiing Hau, Triit hoe - Phdn I - Lich su triit hgc, NXB Ly luan chinh tri Ha Ndi, 2008, tr.28 [3] Giao hgi Phat giao Viet Nam - Phan vien nghien ciiu Phat hgc, Tir dien Phdt hoe Hdn Viit, NXB Khoa hpc Xa hdi Ha Ndi, 2006, tr.934 [4] Dang cdng san Viet Nam, Van kiin Hpi nghi lan thir Ban chap hdnh Trung ucmg Ddng khoa VUI, NXB Chmh tri qude gia, Ha Noi, 1998, tr.67 [5] Dang cong san Viet Nam, Van kiin Hpi nghi lan thir Ban ehdp hdnh Trung uong Ddng khda IX, NXB Chinh trj qude gia, HaNgi, 2003, tr.45 [6] Dang cdng san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hdi dgi biiu todn quoc lan thuX, NXB Chinh tn qude gia, Ha Npi, 2006, tr.I22-123 PHILOSOPHICAL T H O U G H T O F BUDDHISM AND ITS E F F E C T S ON T H E AWARENESS BY P R E S E N T V I E T N A M E S E PEOPLE MORAL Abstract: In this article, the author systemized, analyzed, interprete the fitndamental philosophical thought of Buddhism through the concepts of cause and effect, non-penmpermanence, non-personality, reincarnation, karma, the four noble truths By proving the views by the Party and State over acknowledge guideline, to encourage the promotion of the cultural values of the morality of religion, including Buddhist ethics On that basis, the exploitation of its impact on human consciousness of Vietnamese peoples standards over good moral values as good-declined, compassionateness, mercy: equality, compassion, tolerance, forgiveness Keywords: Buddhism, religion, morality, jreed Nguffi phan bien: P G S TS Khdng Doan Dien, T S Nguyin Thi Toan 130 Khoa hoc & Cong nghe - s6 4/2014 Journal of Science and Technology ... nguong va dao diic tmyen thdng Viet Nam Ngay nay, chiing ta thay rang bieu hien ndi bat anh hudng cua Phat giao den y thirc dao diic ngudi Viet Nam hien nay, du mirc dp va pham vi cua nd khac... chiing Viet Nam, song thuy chung voi dan toc Viet Nam qua bao thang tram cua lich sii va tdn tai cho den nay, Tmdc va Phat giao du nhap, d Vi6t Nam da co nhieu tin nguong, ddng thdi CO nhiing tu... 1998, tr.67 [5] Dang cong san Viet Nam, Van kiin Hpi nghi lan thir Ban ehdp hdnh Trung uong Ddng khda IX, NXB Chinh trj qude gia, HaNgi, 2003, tr.45 [6] Dang cdng san Viet Nam, Van kien Dai hdi