i "\ ' - /^l^-' MOT SO GIAI PHAP GAN KET GlfA CO SCf DAO TAO DAI HOC VOI DOANH NGHIEP SOME SOLUTIONS C O H E R E N C E UNIVERSITY TRAINING FACILITY - C O N C E R N Trudng Dgi hge Suphgm Vu L a m Tiing Ky thugt Himg Yen Tom tdt: Trong cdng eudc cdng nghiep hda, hiin dgi hda phdt trien triin ddt nuac hien nhu cdu ve ngudn nhdn luc ed trinh ky thudt cao Id hit sue cdp bdch Mdt nghich ly hiin la lire lugng lao dgng qua ddo tgo eua Viet Nam thiiu nhiing ngu&i ddp ung nhu cdu cdng viee nhung thira nhirng ngudi khdng ldm duoc viec, ddt cho cdc co so ddo tgo dgc biet la cdc co sa ddo tao dai hgc khd nhieu thdch thuc viec ddo tgo nhimg nguai vira cd trinh dg lgi vua cd kiin thirc thirc ti dap img tdt nhimg ddi hdi ciia nhd tuyin dung Mgt nhimg nguyen nhdn ehu yiu ddn den linh trang ndy la thiiu sif lien h4 hgp tde giira nhd truang vd cdc doanh nghiep Irong phdi hgp ddo tao vd su dung nhdn lire Bdi bdo ndy tim hieu cdc nguyen nhdn vd de xudt mdt sd gidi phdp gdn kit giira ea sd ddo tgo dgi hgc v&i doanh nghiep Tir khda: Gdn kit giua co so ddo tgo dgi hpc voi doanh nghiep Dat van de O Viet Nam hien nay, giao due bae dai hpe cfl mflt vai tro quan trpng viec cung cdp lyc luang lao dflng lanh nghe, ky thuat cao dap ung true tiep cho thdi ky cong nghiep hfla, hien dai boa ddt nudc Tuy nhien, chdt lugng dao tao d nhieu c a sd dao tao chua cao, chua that su gdn ket giira nhu cau vfli su dung, van khoang each Idn giiia trinh dfl tay nghe cua sinh vien mdi truong va yeu eau ciia cac don vi su dung lao dflng Vi vay rat nhieu ngudi sau da tflt nghiep cdc truimg dai hoc van khflng dap ling dugc yeu cdu eflng viee Cac doanh nghiep deu kho tim dugc nhimg lao dpng vua y, hodc Uiyen dung dugc thi doanh nghiep eiJng phdi eu di tap hudn, dao tao lai ehuyen mon nghiep vu thi mdi CO the su dung dugc Theo sfl lieu ba Nguyen Thi Xuan Mai - vu truflng Vu Thflng ke dan sfl va lao dflng (Tflng eye Thong ke) Bp KH&DT eflng bfl tai ehuong trinh hpp bao cong bo sfl lieu thing ke kinh te xahpi nam2013 tfl chuc 21/12/2013: quy rV-2013, ca nudc cfl 1.053.000 ngudi thdt nghiep, dd CO tdi 101.000 cfl bing dai hpc trd len - ehilm 9,36% DSn ldi GS TSKH Nguyin Xuan Han "Dao tao ma khong diing dugc Id mflt su lang phi nhat tdt ca cac lang phi, lang phi tu ngufln lyc, tu eon ngudi Khflng phuc vu dupe eho xa hfli hien tai, lam ma phue vu dugc cho cflng nghiep hfla, hien dai hfla ddt nudc" Viee dao tao nguon nhan luc dap ung nhu cau xd hpi da va dang duge cac nha khoa hgc bo nhieu cflng sue nghien cim Cdc e a sd dao tao thi loay hoay tim each tang quy mfl tuyin sinh, ddi mdi chuang trinh ddo tao, phuang phap giang day nhung khflng ludng, danh gia kha ndng tiep can cflng viec thuc te va dap iing doi hdi ciia nha tuyen 84 Kho.' hoc & Cong nghe - dung Cac nha trudng ciing tfl ehuc nhieu boat dpng, nhieu each thue de giup dd sinh viin tflt nghiep trudng co dieu kien de xin dugc viec lam nhu Thanh lap trung tam gidi thieu viec lam, bfl trg sinh vien bdng each tim kiem thflng tin tuyen dung tu eac cflng ty, xi nghiep; Mdi cdc doanh nghiep den de tuyen dung true tiep Trong eac doanh nghiep hau bet deu nhan thde duge eon ngudi la yeu to quan trpng nhat nhung lai thu dong viec tim kiem vd boi duong nhan lyc tren ghi nha trudng, tfl ehuc nhimg cugc tuyen dung t i n kem nhung phan Ion khflng tim iing vien efl the dap ung nhu eau cong viec .Mpt nhirng nguyen nhan dan den tinh trang la thieu s u gdn ket giiia nha trudng va cac doanh nghiep phoi hgp dao tao va su dung nhan lye Bai bao de xuat mpt so giai phap eu t h i nham tao lap mfli quan he chat che ban giiia doanh nghiep va co sd dao tao, tir dd ban che dupe viec lang phi nguon lyc da qua dao tao, giiip cdc c a sd dao tao tri va phdt tnen ben vdng T h g c t r a n g va nguyen nhSn V l phia cae nha trudng co mdt s6 nguyen nhan khach quan sau: Thieu thong tin v l thi trudng lao dgng, viec lam va dao tao va hoat dpng du bao nhu ciu dao tao de dinh hudng nganh n g h i ehiln luge cho tuang lai phii hgp vdi sy phat triln kinh t l xa hfli Chuong trinh dao tao la c a sd d i thuc hien muc tieu dao tao; chuang trinh t i n g t h i hien eac truimg dai hgc vdn cdn kha ciing nhdc, thiiu thyc tiln, kiln thuc han lam nhiiu; Ngi dung thyc tdp dfli vdi khli trudng ky thuat thi thdi lugng qua it (chi khoang 20%), ndi dung eu ky v i trang thiet hi thuc tap: Ngoai rapt sfl cdc tnrdng dugc thy hudng tu eac dg an nudc ngoai thi trang thiet bj thuc tfip eua da sfl cdc truimg da lac hau, it cap nhat thyc te, xa rdi thyc tiln, khflng bat kip cflng nghe tien tiln cua cdc doanh nghiep Cdc d i tdi NCKH eua sinh vien va giang vien hien ehua mang tinh ling dung eao vd rdt it cdc de tai iing dung cho doanh nghiep Theo thflng ke eua Cue sd hun tri tue: moi ndm eac trudng Dai hpc ddng gop tit 16.000 den 20.000 de tai nghien cuu khoa hgc nhung ty le cho doanh nghiep thdp < - I % vd ung dung thuc tl rat it, dieu khflng nhiing gdy lang phi thdi gian, chdt xdm ma cdn gdy mdt so dflng nhimg ngudi xardi thyc tien Hau het mfli chuang trinh dao tao eac trudng deu co hgc phan thyc tap tai xi nghiep vdi thoi lugng khac tiiy tirag nganh nghi, nhien cflng tdc thudng bi buong ldng, khflng xem trpng dan den hieu qud thyc tap thap Cac dan Vl chuc ndng chua the hien dupe vai trd viec kit nfli giira nha trudng va doanh nghiep, Khoa, Bfl mfln, Giang vien hudng ddn thi xem nhe viec thyc tap tai doanh nghiep, sinh vien thi chua nhdn thirc dugc tam quan trgng cua viec thye tap xi nghiep, khflng thay dugc dfl la ea hpi de duge tiep can thyc te Cling CO kien thuc da hgc, ndng cao khd ndng img xu, giao tiep mfli trudng edng nghiip, lam nen tang de tiep can vd xin viec lam sau Ve phia doanh nghiep: Theo Dieu 56 Luat day nghe vd Dieu 97 Luat gido due co quy dinh trdch nhiem, nghia vu eua Doanh nghiep, Cac td chue chinh tri, xa hfli viec ho trg eac co sd dao tao nhien vi khflng efl nhiing thflng tu vdn ban, huong ddn, cu the hda nen hdu het cac doanh nghiip hien deu xem nhe viee bdt tay, hgp tdc, vdi cac CO sd dao tao Trong tu tudng ciia da sfl doanh nghiep tuyen dung nhan lyc ho lufln xac dinh chdc chan phdi dao tao lai mdi su dung dugc Vile tilp nhdn sinh vien thuc tap cua cae ea sd dao tao xem nhu khdng may man ma, ehi dap img nhu cdu cua c a sd dao tao thflng qua mdi quan he xa giao, khflng thdy dugc nhung lgi ich v i sau viec dam bao nguon luc virng chac phflng bi cho minh su phat trien tuong Iai, dong thdi it phai tdn ehi phi tuyen dung, thu viec, vi qua thdi gian thyc tap chinh lit thdi gian sinh vien the hien nang lyc, doanh nghiep cd the danh gia ndng lyc, pham ehat cua sinh vien Mdt yeu tfl niia la van de "bi mat cdng nghe", nhieu cflng ty, xi nghiep vi sg Ig bi mat san xudt, day truyen cflng nghe ciia cong ty se dnh hudng den Ipi ich, sy canh tranh ma khflng ddm cho sinh vien vao thyc tap cac day truyen san xudt cua cong ty bp hoac cfl cho vao thi ciing chi d dang: "tham quan" hoae "cudi ngya xem hoa" ddn d i n hieu qua thyc tap eua sinh vien rat thap Mpt sd khac doanh nghiip thi coi viec tiep nhan smh vien la de "khai thac" sue lao dflng, ho yeu cau thue tap sinh lam viec nhu mpt cong nhan thyc thu dfl Iai khflng efl hoac tra rat it tbii lao cho sinh vien Viec anh huong rat nhieu den tam ly, su chan nan cua sinh vien va raue tieu cua chuang trinh thue tap Mgt so gidi phap tang cudng sy- gan ket giua nhd t r u d n g vdi doanh nghiep Ddi v&i nhd truang: Chu dflng tim hieu thj truimg lao dgng tai dia phuang va khu vyc, nam bdt dinh hudng phat trien kinh te xa hgi de xae djnh nganh nghe dao tao, xdy dung chuang trinh, ngi dung ddo tao cho phu hgp, tue la thyc hien phucmg chdm "ddo tao nhiing gi xa hdi can chu khdng phai dao tao nhirng gi ma minh co" Day manh cflng tac xa hpi hfla gido due, gdn chat giua Nha truong vdi nha tuyen dung va doanh nghiep tu vile xay dung chuang trinh, npi dung dao tao, tham gia dao tao, danh gia thflng qua cac hoat dpng cu the va hgp dflng ky ket Cdn lap trung tam ehuyen trdch viec Quan he doanh nghiep va hfl tro smh vien Nhilm vu ciia Trung tam la tfl chuc cdc boat dflng djch vu viec lam, tfl chuc eho sinh vien di thuc tap cufli khfla tai cae doanh nghiep, di tham quan, tim hieu thyc te, huong nghiep Thyc hien khdo sdt, thu thap thong tin, du bao nhu eau dao tao nhan lue co su phfli hop voi eae ban nganh d dia phuang va eac doanh nghiep Cd co che, chinh sdch de thuc ddy sy phfli, ket hgp ehat che giira nha truong voi doanh nghiep, timg budc dua doanh nghiep trd mflt nhung ehu the trung tam cua qua trinh dao tao Moi doanh nghiep tham gia tu van, gop y xay dyng ehuong trinh dao tao Phat triln mfl hinh "Doanh nghiep trudng - Trudng doanh nghiep" Hpc tap cac md hinh giao due tien tien tren the gidi nhu Mfl hinh "dao tao kep" hay song hanh "Dual system) eua CHLB Due: Ly thuyet d Truong - Thyc hdnh d xi nghiep Min cac ky su bdc eao, ehuyen gia d cac doanh nghiep ve tham gia giang day rapt sfl chuyen de Phfli hop vdi cae doanh nghiep eflng ty tfl chirc cac cugc hpi thao, tpa dam, hoi viee iam, tu van tuyen dung de gidi thieu ve nganh nghe ddo tao dflng thcri nam bdt duge nhu cdu, yeu cau ciia doanh nghiep ve nhu can ngufln nhan lyc Tao dieu kien ban nua eho sinh vien, giang vien nghien ciiu khoa hgc, uu tien nhirng d i tai cfl tinh thuc tien ung dung, thiic d i y viee chuyin giao cong nghe Dau tu nhieu ban nda cdng tae gidng day nhu soan giao trinh, ddi mdi nfli dung phuang phdp nhdm cap nhat cac kiln thuc mdi nhat eho bai giang de nang cao chit lugng dao tao, khuyen khich tmh than ty hgc, ty nghien cuu, ty ren Khoa hoc & Cong nghg - S6 02/2014 85 luyen ban thdn dap ung tieu chi cua truong: "Mdi Thdy giao la mflt tdm guong de SV noi theo" Md cac chuyen dl dao tao ky ndng mem, ky nang giao tiep Giup sinh vien nhdn thue dung ddn vai tro quan trpng ciia viec thye tap thuc te ngoai doanh nghiep, thdy duge lgi ich ciia viee thyc tap la ca hfli dl cac em ciing cfl kien thuc ly thuyet da hpc, ren luyen ky ndng chuyen mfln, tiep xiic vdi mfli trudng thue tl, nang cao kha nang giao tiep, hodn thien ban than dl sau tflt nghiep eo the ty tin xm viee va dap img tflt eae yeu cau eua nha tuyen dung Ddi v&i doanh nghiep: Xoa bo dinh kien xem viee tiep nhan thyc tap sinh la cong viec xa giao Co kl hoach tiep nhan thuc tap sinh djnh ky, ke hoaeh tuyen dung cong khai, minh bach hang nam Manh dan ky ket cac hgp dflng dao tao, boi duong, cung cap ngufln nhan luc voi cac ea sd dao tao Thdy dugc Igi ich ciia minh viec tiep nhdn sinh vien thyc tap, cho phep sinh vien tham gia vao nhung cflng doan, day truyen dan gian tren ca sd vua tan dyng dugc sue lao dpng vua kiem tra dugc trinh dp va ndng lye eiia sinh vien de co co sd de xuat Nha trudng dieu chinh ehuong trinh dao tao eho phii hgp va trang bi them nhiing ky nang can thiet eho sinh vien de yen tam tuyen dung, han che dugc chi phi thii viec, dao tao lai Doanh nghiep co the phfli hgp tao dieu kien eho cac nha trudng tham gia san xuat gian tiep thong qua cac hgp dflng sdn xudt tai xuong truong dfli vdi nhung san pham thfl, hoae raot vai chi tiet don gian mpt san phdm, viec vua tao dieu kien cho sinh vien tiep can thyc te ca sd dao tao cua minh vua giup cho doanh nghiep chi phi thdp ban cho viec che tao nhung san phdm khdng doi hoi ky thuat qua cao Doanh nghiep ciing can phfli hgp vdi nhd trudng cflng tdc nghien eiiu khoa hpe, cae cugc thi sang ehe gdn liln vdi mue tieu phdt trien san xuat cua doanh nghiep vua qudng ba thuang hieu, nang cao vj thi vira co thi tan dung dugc nhiJng sang kien, y tuflng dpe dao ciia sinh vien Mflt nhung giai phdp efl tinh dpt pha Id dua doanh nghiep trd mgt nhung ehu the tham gia dao tao nghe Thay vi doanh nghiep diing ngoai, thu ddng thi hp chu dpng tich cue tham gia vdo he thong vdi vai tro la nha dau tu va ddng thai ciing la dfli tac khach hang cho chinh "sdn phdm" eua minh Mfl hmh "Truflng doanh nghiep" dugc trien khai tu lau d nhieu nudc eflng nghiep, nhu nude Diic vao ndm 1969, d Nauy efl mfl hinh "2+2" ndm hge tai trudng + ndm hge tai doanh nghiep hodc "1+3" Ludt Han Qufle quy dinh vol mfli doanh nghiep co quy mfl trin 300 cflng nhan thi phai cfl mflt co sd dao tao cong ty Theo mo hinh "Trudng doanh nghiep" nhdn manh vai tro "dao t^o" ciia doanh nghiep vdi giao vien ehinh la nhirng thg bae cao, nhiing ky su lanh nghi doanh nghiip kem cap huong ddn hpc vien tren nhirng thilt bj may moc cua doanh nghiep Hgc vien se dam traeh nhung cdng viee dan gian din trung binh Chuang trinh hge si dupe phat trien bdi sy hgp tac giiia nha truong vd doanh nghiep Tuy nhiin md hinh se gap trd ngai niu doanh nghiep chua thdy dugc hieu qua cua qua trinh dao tao nay, Dl md hinh dugc cflng cdn phai efl quy trinh sau: Doanh nghiip phdi cd nhu cau dao tao lao dpng ky thuat d mgt so nganh nghi Doanh nghiep d|t hang cho nha trudng yeu cau tren, Nha trudng kit hgp vol doanh nghi|p xay dung chuang trinh dao tao, Nhd truong co trach nhiem tuyen sinh vd tfl chuc lop hpe Hpc viin se dugc dao tao mflt thoi gian tai nhd trudng sau dao tao tai doanh nghiep Hgc vien sau dugc dao tao se dupe lara vile tai doanh nghiep raot khoang thdi gian nhat djnh theo thoa thuan Neu doanh nghiep khae mufln tuyen dung can phdi trd ehi phi eho doanh nghiip dao tao, Ket luan Thong qua viec thuc hiin mpt sd gidi phdp ca ban ndi tren, mdu thuan hien giiia "Nguon nhan lye" ma Nha truflng eung cap voi "Ngufln nhdn lyc" ma DN can se timg budc duoc khac phuc; tao dugc nhieu Igi ich, tiem nang ve tbdi gian, nhan lyc, kinh te va phat trien thuang hieu eho doanh nghiep ciing nhu Nha truflng qua trinh hoat dflng va phat trien Ddo tao nhan luc, dac biit la ngudn nhan lue chat lugng cao la moi quan tam, va traeh nhiem ciia nhieu phin xa hgi De trdnh sy ldng phi cho xa hfli, tao sy phat tnen kinh te xa hfli ben viing cflng tac dao tao va sd dung ngufln nhan lyc ciing ddi hoi can co nhung chu truang, duong loi chinh sach diing dan ciia dang va nha nude, nhiing quyet sach va sy chi dao quylt lilt ciia Bg giao due va dao tao viec quy hoach mang ludi ca sd dao tao, sd lugng, quy mo va co eau nganh nghe eho phii hgp voi nhu cdu phat triln nhdn lyc cua ca nudc ciing nhu tung vung, tung dia phuang, viee tdng quyin ty chu eho eae ca sd dao tao cong tac dao tao ciing nhu tai chinh Va truo^ ban bet la sy dfli mdi tu duy, su nfl lue ciia chinh cac ca sd ddo tao va cac doanh nghiep Khoa hpc & C6ng nghe - So 02/2014 Tdi lieu tham khao [1] Ddng Qu6c Bdo, Biii Viet Phu (2013), Mdt sd gde nhin viphdt triin vd qudn ly gido due, Nha xudt ban gido dye Viet Nam [2] Phan Vdn Kha (2005), Ddo tgo nhdn lue ddp ung yeu cdu cdng nghiep hod, hiin dgi hod dieu kiin kinh te thi trudng, todn cdu hod vd hdi nhap qudc ti, NXB Dai hgc Quoc gia [3] Pham Mmh Hac (2002), Nhdn td mdi ve gido due vd ddo tgo th&i ky ddy mgnh edng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda, NXB Chinh tri qufle gia [4] Nguyen Xuan Hdn - Tham luan tai Hgi nghj, Ky yiu cua Hdi thdo khoa hge-Tri thuc thu dd v&i vi4c ddi m&i cdn bdn todn diin gido due Viet Nam giai doan 2012-2020, ngdy 29-9-2012, Lien hiep Hpi KH-KT Ha Npi, 212 trang [5] Hfli thao "Qudn ly vd thuong mgi hda tdi sdn tri tu? Truang Dgi hgc, Vt$n nghien cuu " Cue Sd hiru tri tul, Co quan sdng ehi Nhat Ban (JPQ) vd Vien Saog kiln vd Sdng chi Nhat Ban (JUI) Ha Npi 27-9-2013 Abstract: In the course of industrialization and modernization development currently developing country, the demand for qualified human resources, high technology is urgent Paradoxically, the current workforce is trained in Vietnam lack of work needs but who not admit This is the set for the training facilities especially educational institutions university created many challenges in educating new people had just qualified to have practical knowledge better meet the demands of employers One of the main reasons leading to this situation is the lack of contact and cooperation between schools and enterprises in training coordination and utilization of human resources This paper explores some of the causes and some solutions proposed linkages between university training facility now Keywords: Coherence University Training Facility - Concern Ngudi phan bien: GS.TSKH Nguyin Xudn H a n Khoa hpc & Cong nghe - 86 02/2014 87 ... voi doanh nghiep, timg budc dua doanh nghiep trd mflt nhung ehu the trung tam cua qua trinh dao tao Moi doanh nghiep tham gia tu van, gop y xay dyng ehuong trinh dao tao Phat triln mfl hinh "Doanh. .. tai doanh nghiep Hgc vien sau dugc dao tao se dupe lara vile tai doanh nghiep raot khoang thdi gian nhat djnh theo thoa thuan Neu doanh nghiep khae mufln tuyen dung can phdi trd ehi phi eho doanh. .. nha truong vd doanh nghiep Tuy nhiin md hinh se gap trd ngai niu doanh nghiep chua thdy dugc hieu qua cua qua trinh dao tao nay, Dl md hinh dugc cflng cdn phai efl quy trinh sau: Doanh nghiip