Tìm hiểu kinh nghiệm một số quốc gia về quản lý nhà nước đối với hoạt động của đoàn thanh niên

NBHIENCUU- TRAOBOI TIM HIEU KINH NGHIEM MOT SO QUOC GIA VE QUAN LY NHA NU^C DOI VQTI HOAT DONG CUA DOAN THANH NIEN NGUYEN MINH THO • Q uin ly nha nuflc la hoat dpng didn trdn tat d cae Iinh vyc cfla dfli sdng xd hpi Dii vfli hoat dpng d a t l chdc Doan TNCS Hd Chl Minh, van de dat Id Idm thl ndo d l quan ly nhd nufle dat hieu qui rao, ddng thfli phdt huy dupc vai trp efla td chflc Dodn va vai trd tieh eye, ehfl dpng efla nidnttongxd hpi vfli tu deh la mpt Iyc lut/ng xa hdi to Ifln, Iuc lupng lao dpng ehfl ylu, xung kieh, di diu dng eudc xdy dung va bao vd T l quic Nhttng nam qua, OIng vd Nha nudc ta da ban hdnh mdt s i chfl tti/flng, nghj quydt d c van bin quy pham phdp luat vd eo ehd, ehinh saeh nham phdt huy vai trd efla Dodn TNCS Hd Chi Minh tham gia phdt triln kinh t l - xa hii, day manh thuc hipn rac chuong trinh, dy an cfla Dodn D l tilp tue hodn Oiidn rac co chl, ehinh sdch, phdp luat quin ly nhd nufle ddi vfli d c hoat dpng efla Dodn Thanh nidn, vide tham khao, van dung kinh nghidm mpt sd qudc gia trdn thd gidi Id vin dd rd't d n thill - Trodc hit Id kinh nghidm cfla Han Quic quic gia Ddng Bic A d nhidu dilm kha tuong ddng vfli Vidt Nam D l quan ly nhd nuflc ddi vdi d c hdnh ddng cfla thilu nidn, Han Qudc dd ban hdnh Luat Thanh ttiilu nien efl ban, Ludt Phdt triln hoat dpng thieu nidn, Ludt HI trp phflc ipi thilu nien vd Ludt Bid vp gifli tinh thilu nidn Phdp luat Han Qudc d nhidu quy djnh nham quan ly hipu qua d o hoat dflng cfla * Trung Udng Bodn TNCS Hd Chi Minh 48 thieu nidn (tinh ttt dfl den dudi 24 tuli theo Luat Thanh thilu nidn cfl ban), xac dinh trach nhidm d a gia dinh, xa hpi, Nha nudc va d e t l chiic doan thl dii vdi vide phat trien hoat dpng ttianh thilu nidn Han Qude xdy dung miu hinh ngudi nidn thd ky 21 nhu sau: Cd y thdc v8 van hod; d nang Idm chfl khoa hpe vd kidn thflc; d Snh ttiln hi}p tdc vd phyc vy; bidt sdng tao vd khdm phd; d ky nang nghd nghidp; d y thflc va hilu bidt vd ehfl nghTa qudc td Day la kinh nghidm rit quy, bdi vi vide xdy dung hinh mdu nien khdng t l chflc cfla nidn van dpng, ma Id Nhd nude quy djnh, dldu dd d hieu lyc thl hdnh rao vd vide tuydn troyin, van dpng cung sd dat hieu qui eao hem Ve h i ttp hoat dpng efla thilu nidn, Lii3t Phdt triln hoat ddng thilu nidn Han Qudc quy djnh: "Thanh thidu nidn phai nhan dupc nhflng hd trp va cp hfli day dfl d l d thl tu gidc vd idm ehfl d c hoat dpng thidu nidn da dang, ttiyc hien dupc udc mo, hy vpng cfla bin thdn' Odng thfli, xac djnh trach nhidm cfla Nhd nudc gia dinh vd xa hpi thyc hidn cdc chinh sdch phSI triln hoat dpng ttiilu nidn; Nhd nuflc vS chinh quydn ^a phuong d trdch nhipm hd trp mpt phan hoac todn bp kinh phi d n thidt cho vide li, chflc d c chupng trinh hoat dpng cfla thilu nien; gia dinh d ttdch nhiem tao mdi truflng thu|n Ipi d l ttiilu nidn phdt triln nang lyc bin thdn ve thl chit vdtt'nhdeh, tao didu kipn eho ttianh thidu nidn Idm ttdn nghla vy vfli gia dinh vd xd hPI; TAP C H I G I A O Dgc LY LUAN - s 225 (3/2016) mpi dng ddn ttong xa hpi d ttdch nhidm giflp dfl thilu nidn ty lap oupe sdng, djnh hudng v l tu vd phuflng ttiflc hdnh dpng dflng eho thieu nidn, d trdch nhidm quan tam dli vfli rae ddi tupng thidu nidn khd khan - Cpng hod Cuba Id mpt nudc xa hpi ehfl nghTa, thl chd ehinh trj va quan Iy nha nudc dii vtSi d c hpat dpng nidn d Cuba cd nhidu dilm tUPng ddng vfli nudc ta Nha nudc Cuba dd ban hanh Ludt Thanh nien vd Thilu nhi tfl nam 1978 d l Idm ndn ting cho quan ly nhd nudc v l eac hoat dpng ttianh ttiilu nidn Ddi tt/png d a quan ly nhd nude dupc quy djnh Id ttiilu nhi vdttianhnidn dudi 30 Sjoi, phdp luat quy djnh r i quydn va nghla vy d a flianh fliilu nidnttongqudttinhttiamgia vdo dng cupc xdy dyng xd hdi mfli, hinh fiidnh nhan rach, hpc tap, hudng ttiy van hod, hoat dpng ttil duo, thlttiao,lao dpng, bao vd T l qudc; phdp luat cflng quy djnh rd nhidm vu cfla nhd nude ddi vfli cdng tde nidn, dd thfla nhan vai tri cfla ede td ehflc nidn gido due vd phdt triln nidn Vd mi hinh vd ndi dung quan ly nhd nufle, phdp ludt Cuba quy djnh cac cfl quan nhd nuflc ed trdch nhipm nghien eflu vd nidn, dam bic vide ddo tao, bdi duflng d n b i lam eing tdc thidu nhi; flng h i sdng kien vd cung d p thing fin cho ttiilu nien; ttip nhan cac kiln nghj cfla t l chflc nien vd ngufli dai dipn ddi vfli edng tdcttianhnien vd thilu nidn; Nhd nude flng hp d c phong trdo thi dua vd d p ngdn sdch hdng nam eho d c t l chflc d a thilu nien d l phuc vu d c hoat dpng cfla minh Cae cp quan chlnh quyin dja phuong, d c don vj tn/c thudc Nhd nufle ed trdeh nhidm dua eae hoat dpng nidn vdo cdc k l hoach kinh td tflng thfli ky; flng hp nhflng sdng kiln cfla d c t l chflc nidn d l triln khai thuc hidn dli vdl nien - Cdng hod Phiiippin ban hdnh "Dao luat v l Thanh nidn dng cupc xdy dyng dit nudc" nam 1994, dd nien dupe quy djnh la dng dan Phiiippin tU 15 din 30 tuli, dupc nha nuiSc vd xa hpi khuyin khich vd hd trp, blo vp ipi ich vat chat, tinh ttiln, khuyin khich y chi fl/ lap TAP eni GiAo Dge LY LUAN - s6 225 (3/2016) frau dli kidn ttidc vd d l rao tlnh tich cue xa hpi cfla ttianh nidn, giflp nien phdt huy film nang cfla minh; khuyin khich tham gia vao dng cude xay dyng dit nufle, vao qua trinh xdy dyng va thue thi chinh sach, phdp luat nha't la eae chinh sdch, phdp iudt Hdn quan ddn nien Vd Cfl quan quin ly nhd nude, phdp luat xac djnh ri dflc nang, nhidm vu d a uy ban Thanh nidn quic gia vd rac eo quan nhd nude, rae td dflc lien quan khdcttongdng tacttianhnien Uy ban Thanh nidn qudc gia Id eo quanfliupcChinh phfl, hoat ddng dde lap nhu mpt cfl quan bdn canh Van phdng Tong tti&ig; Chfl tjd Uy ban vd d c Uy vidn Ting filing chi djnh uy ban cd eac chflc nang xdy dyng va triln khai chinh saeh nidn; thidt lap cP ehi tu vin, phii hpp Hdn ngdnh eac cp quan, t l ehflc ttong vide thyc hidn chuong trinh, dy dn lidn quan din nidn; lap k l hoaeh va thyc hidn kilm tra, gidm sat qud trinh thyc hidn cdc ehinh sdch vd nidn; nghidn cflu khpa hpc ve nidn Phdp luat quy djnh vd trdch nhiem cfla Nhd nufle diu tu ngdn sdch cho phdt triln nidn, ddng thcri van ding, tao cfl ehd huy dpng su ddng gdp cua khu vyc tu nhdn va d o ngudn iyc bdn ngpdi ddnh cho viec thue hien rae ehuong trinh ttianh nien; phdt huy vai tro cfla gia dinh dii vd su phdt triln cflattianhnien; Nhd nudc khuyin khich ttianh nien tham gia rac hoat ddng tinh nguyen vd hoat dpng cpng ddng, d c hoat ddng kinh doanh efla nidn, rae hoat dpng kinh doanh thu hflt dupe nhidu vide Idm Md hinh quan ly nhd nudc ddi vdi d e hoat dpng nidn b Phiiippin dupc thidt kd khd ro rdng, hoan ehinh, el vd chinh sach, td ehflc bp may va ngudn lire; eoi trpng vai trd efla rae t l chflc va gia dinh dng tae nidn, phdt huy vai ttd efla nien ddi sing kinh td - xa hpi dit nufle Kinh nghiem mpt so niitdc ve td chdc bo nnay quan ly nha nUUc ve nidn Singapore: Thanh lap Hpi ddng Thanh nidn qudc gia tU nam 1989, iam diu mdi cl rap Trung uong vd dng tac nien Hpi ddng cd nhidm 49 vy tham muu xay dung va thyc thi eac ehinh saeh v i nien, thdng nhat cp chd phii hpp, tao dieu kien va cP hii giflp eho nien phdt huy tidm nang cfla hp vd ddng gdp eho xd hdi Hpi ddng bao gdm Chfl tjch Hpi ddng Id Bp truflng phdt triln qudc gia vd 22 thdnh vidn dai dien cho mdt sd bd, ngdnh ttife thupe Chinh phfl, ede td ehflc phi chinh phu, khu vuc tu nhdn vd d c td chUc Idn cfla nien Chinh phfl Singapore dd mpt tap hpp mau hinh xdy dyng ngufli ttianh nidn efla dat nufle: Thanh nien phai ddm mfl udc sdng tac, d t h l Idm mpi vipc, phli d sflc sing, cd tlnh ran dam vd thyc ttie hien bing hdnh dpng cu t h l vi d n g ding New Zealand: Cd Bd Phflc Ipi Thanh nien dupc thdnh lap nhim tham muu cho Chinh phfl xay di/ng chinh sach nidn vd tham gia xdy dyng, thim djnh rae ehinh sach lien quan din nidn Malayxia: Cd Bp Thanh nien vd The thao, ding thPi thdnh lap Hpi ddng tu vin qude gia vd cing tdc nidn B i trodng B i Thanh nidn vd Thl thao idm Chfl tjch, d chflc nang tu van vd d c vd'n de lien quan din eing tde nien Austtalia: Cd Bp Gido duo, Oao tao va Thanh nien, ttong dd d Vy Thanh nien ehfl tri tham muu nghien cflu, phan tieh va xae djnh dupe ede vin dd cfla nidn, quan lyraehpat ddng, cae chupng trinh nhim huy dpng sy tham gia tdi da cfla nien vdo dfli sdng cpng ddng Campuchia: Cd Bp Giao dye Thanh nien va T h l thao d l thyc hidn ehflc nang quan ly nha nudc vd nidn vd ede vin dd lidn quan den ttianh nidn Mpt sd kinh nghiem co kha nang ap dung cho Viet Nam Td ttiye filn md hinh quan ly nhd nudc ddi vfli rae hoat dpng flianh nien d a mpt so nutte d trdn, d ttil nit mdt s i bdi hpe kinh nghipm d nang ap dung ttong quan ly nha nude dSi vfli hoat dpng efla D d n TNCS Hd Chi Minh d nuflc ta nhu sau: Mpf la, quin ly nha nuflc ddi vfli d c hoat ddng efla nidn vd t l ehflc efla nidn can dupc thl hien, quy djnh rd ttong Ludt Thanh nidn vd ede vdn ban quy pham phap iudt lien quan din 50 nidn; phli t h l hien ro sy Idnh dao ve chfl truong, duflng Iffi cfla Dang Cpng san dS vfli cdng tac nidn vd rae hoat ddng cfla Dodn Thanh nien; xdc djnh to rdng ttach nhiem cfla Nhd nudc, d e eo quan quan ly nhd nufle vtS vai ttd Id ehfl th^ quin ly ddi vfli nien vd cdc hoat dpng cOa Dodn Thanh nidn, didu phii vd phii hop vdi gia dinh, nhd truflng ttong t l chflc d c hoat ding nien, cham lo din quydn vd Ipi Ich chlnh ddng efla nien Didu ndy t h l hidn rat rd phap Iudt efla d c nuflc d trdn da phdn tich Hai la, filp tue khang djnh rac van ban quy pham phdp luat ve vai tro efla Dodn TNCS HJ Chi Minh vdi tu d e h Id chfl t h l dai didn, bao v§ quydn vd Ipi ich cfla nien, van ding vd lanh dao dodn vidn, nidn thue hien ede phong trdo thi dua, tham gia thyc hidn ede nhidm vu phSt triln kinh t l - xa hdi efla dat nufle; phii hop V(S cic efl quan quin ly nhd nuflc vd rac chu t h l xa hOi khac thyc hien d c hoat ddng nidn; tham gia giam sat vipc thyc hien cdc chinh sdch, phap Iudt Hdn quan ddn nidn Ba la, vd t l chflc, bd mdy quin ly nhd nudc, mpt sd nufle nhu New Zealand ed Bp Phflc U Thanh nidn, Malayxia ed Bp Thanh nien vd Th^ thao, Australia d Bp Gido due, Gdo tao vd Thanh nien, Campuchia ed Bp Gido dye, Thanh nidn vi The thao la cfl quan tham muu cho Chinh phS xay dimg va thuc hidn phdp luat, chlnh sdch nien, quin ly nhd nudc ddi v(S rac hoat dpng nien Oay la nhttng md hinh ma nudc ta d thl tham khio d l van dung, xdy dyng mpt Bd quin If nhd nudc vd nien vd cdc heat dpng cOa Dodn TNCS Hd Chi Minh, dim bao cho d c hoat ddng cfla t l ehflc Dodn vd nidn dupc quin If hidu qua, phdt trien rpng khap vd bdn vttng Sdn la, chflng ta ran nghien cflu, hpc tap kinh nghidm cfla Ba Lan quy djnh v i n dd tai ehinh ii nien; kinh nghiem cfla Cpng hod Ddn chi Dde quy djnh ehinh sdch va nhipm vu eing tic nidn dupc dua vao ke hoach phat triln kintt t l - xa hpi hang nam va nam; kinh nghiem cia Han Quic d l xay dyng va hodn thien hp thdng TAP CHl GIAO D g e LY L U A N - S 225 (3/2016) phdp ludt vd ttianh nien, ngodi Luat Thanh nidn, Phiiippin quy djnh tuoi nidn ttt 15 ddn 30 Hdn Qudc d n d Luat Phat triln hoat dpng ttianh ttjoi; mP hinh q u i n ly nha nudc ddi vfli d c hoat ttiilu nidn, Luat Hd ttp phuc Ipi ttiilu nien va dpng nien b Phiiippin dupc thilt k l khd hodn Ludt B l o vd gifli tt'nh thilu nidn vi ddy Id hd d i n h ; Chinh phfl Phiiippin d n Idp Nghj vien efla thdng phdp luat vd nidn khd hodn chinh; Ianh dao nien, Id cp quan tu v i n vd ddng thfli, phap luat Han Qudc d n quy djnh trdch nien, dai bieu Nghj vidn efla ldnh dap nien nhidm cfla cdc d p chinh quydn xdy dyng vd u y ban Thanh nien qudc gia ehpn Ipc, Id dai didu hdnh ede trung tam tinh nguydn thanli thidu bilu fldn t i l n vd khdng qua 30 tuoi Ody id cc chd nidn, hd trp mpt phan hoac todn bp kinh phi ran hoat dpng r i t tdt nham phdt huy tinh sdng tao, chfl thilt cho d c tdm hoat dflng Id nhttng v i n dpng cfla nidn d c hoat dpng kinh td - dd rat phu hpp vdi thuc filn nude ta, chflng ta xd h i i d i t nude dang rat thilu cac trung tdm cho thilu nien hoat dpng Nam la, mpt s i van dd khde md chflng ta d t h l nghidn cflu, van dung la: Luat Thanh nidn Cd fill ndi, ddy la nhttng npi dung d gia trj tham khip r i t quy qud trinh hoan thidn quan ly nha nuflc ddi vdi nidn vd cdc hoat ddng efla Dodn TNCS Hd Chi Minh S nuflc ta hipn nay.H XAY DUNG QUAN DOI NHAN DAN VIET NAM (fiep trang 47) Nam vttng duflng Idi, nhipm vu ehinh ttj; bdm sdt loan didn, d y fliflc td chflc ky luat nghiem; d sflc ttiye fidn va ddi tupng, day manh ddi mdi npi dung, khde, dp tuli phu hpp; d sd lupng vd co cau hpp ly hinh thflc, bidn phdp tien hanh cdng tdc dang, edng ddng bd; bao dam su chuyin tiip lidn flJc, vttng chac tdc ehinh tri (CTO, CTCT) theo hudng phfl hpp, thidt gifla rae ttid hp can bp, ddp flng sy phat inin vd nhiem thyc, hidu qui Ndng rao nhdn thflc, trdch nhipm va vu, t l chflc bidn chd, ttang bi vQ cfla qudn dpi nang lyc tiin hanh CTO, CTCT cfla d c d p uy, to giai doan miS Phat huy vai tni d a dpi ngu d n bp, chflc ding; d a dpi ngu d n bp, ding vidn Phat huy ttude hdt la dpi ngu d n bp ehinh tti, chinh fly, chinh tti vai ttd, ttdch nhidm chfl tti ve CTO, CTCT cua dpi ngu vien ttcng xdy dung quan dpi vttng manh ve chlnh tti chinh uy, ehinh ttj vien Phdt huy vai tti vd hidu lire Nam la, fi'ch circ d i u fi^nh tren mat ttdn chinh tti hoat dpng d a eo quan chinh tri ttong hudng dan, ehi dao vd ttiam muu tjio dang uy, d n bd chfl tn vd hoat ddng CTO, CTCT Tht/c hien nghidm Didu Ip, rae quy tu tt/dng; phPng, ehdng '1y didn bien", "ty d u y I n hda" vd "phi ehinh tti hda" quan dpi Kidn quydt dau tranh vfli nhttng quan dilm phan djnh va c h l dp CTO, CTCT B l sung, hoan thipn, tiling nhdt d c quy djnh ve ke hoaeh CTO, CTCT, quy d e h , m i u bilu vd hinh thflc t h l hidn rae van ban CTO, CTCT cho phu hpp vfli hoat dpng qudc phpng, quan su dpng, sai trai cfla cac flid Iuc thfl djch nham tuyen troydn, xuyen tac phfl nhan chfl nghia Mac - Ldnin, tu tudng Hd Chl Minh, quan dilm, dudng idi vd sy idnh dao cfla Dang ddi vdi d e h mang va quan dpi Vaeh Iran nhttng luan dieu phfl nhdn Ijch sd, ttuydn Sin/a, day manh xdy dyng vd phat huy vai tto efla dpi ngfl d n tip xdy dyng quan dpi vttng manh v i chinh tri Qudn ttidt vd ttiye hipn nghiSm tflc Nghj quylt 769 NQ/QUTU vd xay dung dpi ngu d n bp quan dpi giai doan 2013 - 2020 va nhttng nam flip theo Tap ttung xdy dyng dpi ngu d n bp qudn dpi, ttude het Id d n bp d p etiidn djch, d i l n lupc, d n bp chfl chdt d c d p d ban ITnh d i n h fii vttng vang, tuyet ddi bung ttidnh vfli Odng, VtS Td qude, vdi nhdn dan; d kidn thflc, ndng Iuc thdng hdo cfla Dang, ddn tpc, quan dpi; ngpi, d xuy nhttng gia tri cfla chfl nghTa tu ban, van hod, Idi sdng phuong Tdy Phe phan nhttng thfl doan kich ddng ddi lap Oang vdi Nhd nuflc vfli hp thong chlnh tri, vfli lyc lupng vu trang; xuyen tac, p h i nhan, tam thudng hod, vo hieu hoa vai trp efla qudn dpi ttong thdi binh Tieh eye phong, ehdng "ty dien bien", "ty ehuyin hoa" ttt npi bp vd am muu, thu doan "phi ehinh trj hda", tdch quan dpi khdi su lanh dao efla Dang cfla cae thd Iyc thfl djch.IHI TAP C H I G I A O Dge l * LUAN - S6 226 (3/2015) J^ ... va gia dinh dng tae nidn, phdt huy vai ttd efla nien ddi sing kinh td - xa hpi dit nufle Kinh nghiem mpt so niitdc ve td chdc bo nnay quan ly nha nUUc ve nidn Singapore: Thanh lap Hpi ddng Thanh. .. cfla gia dinh dii vd su phdt triln cflattianhnien; Nhd nudc khuyin khich ttianh nien tham gia rac hoat ddng tinh nguyen vd hoat dpng cpng ddng, d c hoat ddng kinh doanh efla nidn, rae hoat dpng kinh. .. djnh ri dflc nang, nhidm vu d a uy ban Thanh nidn quic gia vd rac eo quan nhd nude, rae td dflc lien quan khdcttongdng tacttianhnien Uy ban Thanh nidn qudc gia Id eo quanfliupcChinh phfl, hoat