NGHliN c u i i , ^ _ Trien vong hop tac dao tao nguon nhan luc tren linh vuc kinh t^ voi Lien bang Nga giai doan hi^n m a Phgm van G&g Khoa Giao due Chinh tri, DH Su pham Ha NOi P hdt tridn ngudn lye ngudi Id nhan td hdng ddu quydt dinh tidm luc nfli sinh vd tiinh dd phat tridn eua mdi qude gia Hop tac qudc Id Uong linh vyc ddo tgo ngudn nhan lue vfla la nhu edu ty than, vfla Id nhu cdu tdt yeu efla Viflt Nam Uong qua trinh edng nghiOp hda, hifln dgi hda vd hfli nh^p qude td Quan hfl gifla Vidt Nam vd Lifln twng Nga dupc vun ddp va phdl triln Ufln eo sd mdi quan hO hpp tac tiuydn thdng vatincdy giua Viflt Nam vdi Lifln Xd Mdi quan hfl hpp tac chidn lupc toan difln gifla Viflt Nam va Ufln Xd da vupt qua mpi thach thflc vd vi tri dja ly, dupc thfl thach qua ijeh su, la hinh mdu ddi vdi quan hfl hpp tdc gida ViOt Nam vdi LiOn bang Nga ttong giai doan hifln Hov tac dao tao nguon nhan lire glva Viet Nam va Lien Xo Lifln Bang Nga dupc thdnh ldp tfl sy tan cfla Lifln Xd sau nam 1991, dupc coi id sy k l Ulp vl mat phdp ly cua Liln Xd Qua trinh hop tac giua Viflt Nam va Lifln Bang Nga Id sy kd tyc efla mdi quan hfl tiuyin thdng gifla Vifll Nam vd Lifln Xd Thye tiln hpp tde gifla hai nudc Hnh vyc ddo tgo ngudn nhan luc da dd lgi nhung kinh nghiflm qucin irpng, tgo ndn tang vflng chdc ddi vdi hpp tde dao tgo ngudn nhan lye gifla heu nudc giai dogn hifln Nhidu luu hpe sinh, nghifln eflu sinh, thyc tap sinh dupc hpc l^p vd ddo tgo d Lifln Xdttdvd da giu cuong vl cdn bd lanh dgo, giang vifln, nghifln ciiu vifln cdc eo quan nhd nudc, bO mdy kinh t l va edc Uudng dgi hpe, cao ddng, ed nhung ddng gdp to ldn ddi vdi edng cugc xdy dyng, bdo vfl va phat ttidn ddt nudc Ddi vdi Viflt Nam, sau ndm 1954, ddn s6 khodng 25 tiiflu ngudi, tidn hdnh cdng nghidp hda, nhidu ngdnh kinh td ttpng ydu xdy Unh ttgng thilu ngudn nhan lye chdt lupng eao, d^c biflt Id Iyc lupng lanh dgo, qudn ly kinh td Vdi ehu truong: Mudn xay dung chfl nghla xa hdi, cdn xdy dyng ngudi xa hfli chu nghla Dang va Nha nudc Viflt Nam da tang eudng d4u tu cho giao dye va ddo tgo, ehfl ddng dd nghi Liln Xd, Tmng Qude va eae nude xa hpi ehfl nghfa hd trp v^ giflp dd ddo tgo luu hpc sinh \^flt Nam, efl chuyfln ^a ddu ngdnh sang \^flt Nam tn/c Ulp dao tgo cdng nhan ky thu^t ttong nhidu eo sd gido dye, eo sd kinh td Uin Xd vdi vi thd cudng qude kinh te Idn trd thdnh dia chi quan trpng ddo Igo cdn bfl kinh td, ky thudt eho Vilt Nam Lflc dd, hpp ldc ddo tgo vdi Lifln Xd la dudng ngdn va hidu qud nhdt d l hoan nhflr^ nhiflm vy thue Udn d^l Vi ttid, Hpi Nghi Tmng Uong Khda II (Uiang 3/1955) cfla Ddng Lao ddng Viflt Nam da chfl Uuong "phai sflc dao tgo edn bO kinh td, tai ehfnh Cdn bij lanh dgo kinh t l tai ehinh cdn nghifln cflu kinh tl ehfnh tri hpc tifln tiln cfla Lifln Xd va nhflng kinh nghiflm quy bau cua LiOn Xd, Tmng Qude"' Trln co sd dd, "Chu ttpng tuyln lya hpe sinh di hpe d nudc bgn"2 Sau chuydn Uiam eua chfl Uch Hd Chi Minh din Lifln Xd (ttidng 7/1955), hang logt cae van kiOn hpp tac gifla hai nudc ttfln nhidu Unh vyc: kinh td, khoa hpc— ky thudt dupc ky kdt Trong cde hiflp dinh ndi trln, v ^ dd ddo tgo ngudn nhan lye ddp flng yflu edu thye hifln cde chfl tmong, kd hogch dd ky ttiudng xuyfln dupc dflt Lifln Xd xdc dinh viflc ddo tao ngudn nhan lye cho Viflt Nam ndm ttong mflt didu khodnriflng,khdng tfnh chung vdo edc didu khodn kinh t l dd ky gifla hai Ngay nudc Vifll Nam Ddn ehfl Cflng hda dcri, nude Qua tiinh hpp tac dao tgo ngudn nhan lye Ufln hpp tdc vdi LiOn Xd Id mpt nhflng ehfl tiuong Hnh vye kinh td gifla hai nudc dupe ttid hidn trfln mfli quan Upng efla chinh sdch ngogi giao nhd nudc, duoe sd m$t CO bdn: uu tifln Uong ehinh sdch ddi ngogi cfla ViOt Nam Hpp tde ddo tgo ngudn nhan luc Id mflt ttong nhung linh Vi quy md ddo tgo vye hpp tdc ddu Ufln gifla hai nudc, bdt ngudn tu Chi UnhriOnghj nam 1954 ddn nam 1964, Ufln Xfl nhung ddc dilm vl eo edu cfla nen kinh td, tu trinh dfl da ddo tao 3.138 luu hpc sinh eho VTflt Nam, chilm phdt triln Idnh tl, ddpflngdupc nhu edu efla thyc tidn 71,8% ldng sd luu hpc sinh Viflt Nam dupc eu di hpc d wot Nam, phfl hpp vdi ehfl tmong efla LiOn Xd vd xu nudc ngodi3 Luu hpc sinh hpc 50 ngdnh ldn ehia ldm thd hpp tde chung eua cde qudc giati^nUil gidi 200 ngdnh hpc khdc LiOn Xd ddm bdo ddo tgo KINH Tt C H A U A • THAI BiNH OUaHO (7/20 SJ I gdn nhu tdt ca cdc ngdnh hpc Viflt Nam yflu cdu Tu nam 1965 ddn nam 1975, Lifln Xd giup Viflt Nam j ddo tao hon 10.000 can bd chuyfln mdn Uong cac nganh khoa hpc co bdn nhu co khi, diOn lue, Uian, luyOn kim, hda chat, Uidng tin lifln lgc, giao thdng, xhy dyng, dia chat Thang nam 1973, Lifln Xd vd Viflt Nam da ky cac HiOp dinh vd hpp tdc kinh td vd khoa hpe — ky ttiudt Lifln Xd ddng y tiep n h ^ 8000 Uianh nidn Viflt Nam (dd tudi tfl 16 den 25) sang hpc tap vd sdn xudt ttong cdc nam 1973 — 1976, mdi nam ddo tgo 2000 ngudi-* I Thdng qua cdc ehuyOn gia, ed van LiOn Xd d ViOt I Nam vd cde luu hpc sinh Viflt Nam da tiing hpc d LiOn I Xd, Viflt Nam cd thflm nhidu kinh nghiOm quy bau cOng tde gido dye vd ddo tgo Tfl nam 1955 ddn nam 1975 Lifln Xd da eu khoang 14.000 chuyfln gia nhieu Hnh vyc sang ViOt Nam dao tao dfli ngfl cdn bfl kinh Id, ky thuat va qudc phdng Tinh ehung Uong 40 nam (1950 — 1990), Uen Xd da ddo tgo cho Viflt Nam hon 30.000 ngudi cd trinh dp dai hpc, chuyfln gia, ky ttiuat vifln, ttong dd cd hon 3000 Udn sy Ddng Uidi, Lifln Xd thda thudn ddo tgo giflp gdn 100 nghin edng nhan ky thudt sang Idm viflc lai cdc nhd mdy, xi nghiflp cfla Lifln Xd^ Vi ngdnh hqc Nam 1954, LiOn Xd da gui mflt sd edn bd cd kinh nghiem sang ViOt Nam dd hudng dan va eung edp edc Iogi gido trinh ddo tao, tu vdn va Uao ddi kinh nghiflm hoan ttiiOn hO thdng ngdnh nghe ddo tgo ttong nude, giup ViOt Nam xdy dyng trudng Dgi hpe Ndng nghiflp, Dai hpc Bach Khoa, Cao ddng nghe Viflt - Xd Lifln Xd cung cdp nhidu ttang Uiiet bi phye vy nhu cdu phdt tridn kinh t l cua \^et Nam ttong nhieu Unh vyc nhu: khai md, ttdng ttpt, eo khf, difln lye, ddu khf, giao thdng v$n tdi, xay dyng Trong nganh ndng nghiflp: Lien Xd dd dao tgo eho Viet Nam hon 1000 cdn bd ndng nghiflp ed tnnh dp dgi hpc, dd cd 200 tidn si khoa hpe — lye Iupng ndng cdt chdt lupng cao, Id ndn tdng efla nganh ndng nghidp Viflt Nam hiOn dai^ Trong ngdnh khai md: Ngay tfl nam 1954, Lien Xd da gfli chuyfln gia sang Viflt Nam hd ttp nghifln eiiu, khai thac va tham dd ddu d Viflt Nam Xdc dinh day la nganh mfli nhpn, ede eo sd ddo tgo ngdnh ddu cfla Lifln Xd da tdp Uung ddo tgo hdng Udm ky su, tidn si eho cdc chuyfln ngdnh sSu phye vy cdng ldc nghiOn ciiu, tham dd, khai thde ddu ehi Unh riflng d Trudng Dgi hpc Md Matxcova, Ufln Xd dd dao tao 120 ky su md Trong ngdnh difln; LiOn Xd da cu 740 chuyfln gia sang trvc tidp xdy dyng cdc cdng trinh cung edp difln cho ViOt Nam, dao tgo vd md cdc Idp nang cao tay nghd eho hon 2495 cdng nhdn vd 613 edn bd ky thudt tai nha mdy nhiflt diln Phd Lgi^ Trong ngdnh giao Uidng vdn tdi: Cung vdi viOc hd trp nhieu phucmg tifln vdn tdi cho ViOt Nam, UOn Xd da dao tao 250 ky su, gan 100 tien si, hon 1000 cdng nhdn, thyc tap sinh va cdn bd quan Iy giao thdng van taj Trong nganh xdy dyng: Bd xdy dung dd giii hon 2500 ngudi sang UOn Xd, dd ed 57 lien si, 388 ky su va can bd ky thudt trung cdp Nhdm xdy dyng cdc cdng trinh ldn nhu: Nhd mdy thfly difln Hda Binh, xi mang Bim Son Uen Xd dd ddo tao gdn 500 cdn bd, cdng nhan ky Uiudt thdng qua cdc ldp ngdn han Nhdm ddp iing yflu cau xdy dyng chfl nghia xa hdi d midn Bde, tu nam 1954 den nam 1960, ngdnh hpc dupc tdp tmng ehu ylu vdo edc linh vye kinh te, tai chinh, cdng nghiflp, giao thdng buu difln Lien Xd giup dd ViOt Nam tten nguyen tde "Iq' thudt ddng bd vdi hinh thflc", vfla thiet kl, ehe tgo va eung cdp thiet bi, vua ddo tao ngudn nhan lye su dyng ede thiel bi ndi ttfln Tfl nam 1961, quy md cac nganh hoc Lien Xd hpp tac dao tgo vdi Viflt Ntim dupc nang Ifln 50 ngdnh ldn vdi hon 200 ngdnh hpc nhd ttfln 10 Hnh vye: Cdng nghiflp, lam — ndng, kidn trflc — xdy dyng, giao thdng, tupng, kinh td tdi ehinh, ngoai giao — luat, y td, van hda nghe thugt, khoa hoe eo bdn Ddn nam 1983, sd Iupng ngdnh nghd hpp tdc dao tao tang Ifln hon 300 nganh Qua cdc nam, Oy ban Kd hoach Nha nude vd Bd Giao dye thudng xuyen phan bd chi tiflu cdc ngdnh can ddo tao ma Viflt Nam dang that sy tliieu, dua vao kl hogeh tuydn chpn du hpe sinh gfli sang Uen Xd Nhd dd, hpp tac giao due vd ddo tao gifla hai nudc cdng hiflu qud Ciy ban Viet Nam — UOn Xd dupc thdnh l^p nhdm trao ddi tdi liflu ky thuat, tin tfle vd qudn ly du hpc sinh hpc tdp d Lifln Xd Cudi nam 1964, hpp tdc ve qudn sy ttd thdnh Hnh vyc quan ttpng ttong hpp tdc gido due vd ddo tgo gifla hai nudc Md hinh hpp tac ddo tgo giua hai nudc cd sy thay ddi Hpp tdc vdi Lifln Xd t§p tmng chfl ydu vdo viOc ddo tao can bd trinh dd cao, uu tifln can bd gidng day, nghiOn cflu d cdc tiudng Dgi hoc, Cao ddng Hnh vyc khoa hpc co bdn Tfl nam 1966, UOn Xd tang eudng ddo tao cho ViOt Nam nhilu ky su, cdng nhdn ky thudt d cdc ngdnh co khi, difln Iuc, khai thdc than, luyfln kim, xdy dyng, hda ehdt, giao thdng vdn tdi, thdng Un lifln lae Ddc biflt, theo thda thugn giua hai nudc, UOn Xd ehdp nhan quy ddi tuong duong cde van bdng ViOt Nam ddo tgo vd nhdn chuydn Ulp du hpc sinh Viflt Nam d LiOn Xd Nam 1972, Uy ban hpp tdc kinh t l va khoa hpc ky thugt giua hai nude duoe lap Tinh ddn nam 1975, UOn Xd da ddo tao cho ViOl Nam 60 nghin chuyOn gia Uiudc cdc ngdnh kinh td khde nhau, ttong Tt CHAU A -THAI E 37 NGHIEN ClJU j_ ~%&^ 20 nghin c6 trinh dO dai hpc, hon 2000 U6n si vii 100 U«n si khoa h