Quan điểm sử dụng hiệu quả các nguồn lực vật chất trong quá trình chuyển đổi mô hình tăng trưởng kinh tế ở Việt Nam hiện nay.pdf

QUAN DIEM Sir DUNG HIEU QUA CAC NGUON LUC VAT CHAT TRONG QUA TRINH CHUYEN DOI MO H I N H TANG TRUlOrNG KINH TE VIET NAM HIEN NAY o^.^l-•u~- wv- hl PHAM I Mpt so nhan thiic ve ngudn luc phdt • trien kinh te Ngudn luc phdt tiidn kmh td la tdng thd cdc ngudn tdi nguydn Midn nMdn, tii sdn qudc gia, ngudn nhdn luc vd cdc ydu td phi vdt Md, bao gdm cd ttong vd ngoai nude, cd kha nang khai Mdc nhim Mflc ddy qui ttmh phdt tridn kinh td xa hfli Mdi ngudn luc cd mdt vi tri ddi vdi qua trinh phdt tiidn, song xet mdt cich chung nhdt ngudn Iuc phit tridn cd cic vai ttd sau ddy; Mdt Id, ngudn lue quydt dinh tflc dfi vd chdt Iupng ting tiudng kinh td Cd Md Mdu mdt cdch don gidn rang, ndu san lugng eiia ndn kinh td (GDP hodc GNP) Id mdt bam sd, tfii cac ngudn luc phat tridn Id nhiMg bifin sd diu vao, nghia Id tdc dd tdng GDP hay GNP phu Mufie vdo edc bidn sd dd Vi vdy cfi thi ndi, ngufln Iuc quydt dinh tdc dfi tdng truttig kinh td Hai Id, ngudn Iuc Id didu kign dd ndn kinh td phat tridn dn dinh, chu dfing Tinh dn dmh vd chii dfing cua mfii ndn kinh td phu Mufie vao kha nang ldm chu ttong vigc huy ddng va sfr dung ede ngudn Iuc Ndu mdt qudc gia sd hiM diy du cde ngudn luc tW hp se ebu ddng hon vigc huy ddng vd sfr dung cdc ngudn luc dd, nhd vdy, ndn kinh td se phdt tridn dn dinh ban vd ehu dfing ban Ngupc Iai, ndn kinh td se khd ed tinh dn dinh cao kM eie ngudn Iuc phai phu Mufie vdo nudc ngodi Ba Id, ngudn lue phat tridn la can efl dd xdy dung cMdn lugc phdt ttidn kinh td - xi hdi vd dudng Idi chuydn dich eg ciu kinh td Vige xdy * Thgc si Hoc viSn Chinh tri Khu viic I T>J>CHfGlAODgC LtLUi?iN-S6222(2014) TUTAI* dung cMen luge phdt tridn kinh Id - xa hdi cung nhu dudng Itt ehuydn dich ca edu kinh td phai can cfl vao Mue ttang ndn kinh td cfra mdi quflc gia, dia phucmg Thuc trang vd ngudn luc l i cdn efl chuin xac dd cMdh luge cd tinh kha tfii eao Ngugc Iai, vige xdy dung chidn lugc khdng dua vdo Muc ttang ngudn luc se tfudu cdn cfl Muc tidn vi tfudu tinh kha tM Ngudn iuc phat ttidn kinh td rdt da dang ve chfrng loai, tmh chit, cd xudt xfl ttong hoac ngodi nudc dd la nhimg yeu id cd Md huy ddng cho qui ttinh phat trien kinh td - xa hdi Vi vdy dd xde dinh phuong hudng huy ddng vd sfr dung cic ngudn Iuc ngutt ta Mudng phdn loai chflng Minh nhttng nhdm khdc Xet ve mat tmh chdt, cd tti6 cMa ngudn luc Manh hai loai la: Ngudn lue mang tinh vdt chit vd ngudn Iuc pM vdt chit (I) Ngudn Mc mang tinh vit chit Id cae ydu td ddu vao dutt dang vdt chdt cua mdi qui trinh san xuit, bao gdm: Tai nguydn iMdn Mudn, ngudn vdn, ngudn lao ddng vd khoa hpc cdng nghd Diy eung li bdn yeu tfl tic dfing den tdng cung eiia ndn kinh td qua dd Mflc ddy qua ttinh ling tmdng kinh td; (2) ngudn luc pM vdt chit bao gdm: Thd chd chinh tii; ea ehd chmh sach; tmydn Mdng ddn tdc vd tmh edng ddng; kinh ngMgm quan If Xet vd xudt xfl ngudn luc (hay vd mdt sd hflu) ngutt ta cMa ngudn lue Mdnh hai loai Id ngudn luc tix)ng nudc va ngudn Iuc ngodi nude Ngudn Iuc ttong nudc bao gdm ea hai nhdm (1) vd (2); ngudn lue ngoai nudc gdm co: T ^ nguyfin tiiign nMgn; lao ddng; vdn; khoa hpe vd cfing nghg; kinh ngMgm quanly 45 NGHliN C^-JHAO BOI Quan diem su dung hieu qua cac nguon luc vit chat qui trinh chuyen doi md hlnh ting truttig kinh td d Viet Nam Trong giai doan Mgn nay, vigc ning cao Mdu qua sfr dung cdc ngudn luc vdt chdt cdn qudn triet cac quan didm sau ddy: Quan diim sit dung nguon vd'n Dai bdi Dang toan qude ^ Mfl IX ciia Dang khing dinh: Tidp tiic cai iMgn mdi tiudng ddu M dd thu hut tdt hem vd sfr dung cd Mdu qua cde ngudn Iuc bfin ngodi Ndi luc la quydt dinh ngoai luc la quan trpng, gin v&i ngudn tdng hpp dd phit tridn kinh td Do dd, dd sfr dung ngufln vfln ed Mfiu qua thtt gian ttt gan v&i chuydn ddi mfi binh tdng tnidng vd Mue Mfin cic dfit phd uu tifin ttong qud trinh chuydn ddi khfing phdi li nMgm vu dd ding, nhdt Id kM ndn kinh td v&i cdch Mflc boat dfing dfla ttdn "ddng tidn dd dai" ttong mdt Mtt gian dai da lim suy giam ddng Iuc ndng cao Mgu qua san xudt - kinh doanh ttong luc can M nhdm Igi ich ddi v&i qui trtnh niy edn hiM Mgu Nhu vdy ttong Mtt gian ttt Dang vd Nhd nude ta xde diiM: - Ngudn vdn ttong nude ddng vai trd quydt dinh dtt v&i phdt tiidn, dd ndng eao hidu qua sfl dung ngudn vdn ttong nude kdt hgp v&i ngudn vdn nudc ngodi cd vai trd quan ttgng nhdm tao nen sflc manh tdng hpp phit ttidn kinh te - Sfl dung ngudn vfin gan ven chuydn dich co ciu kmh td Meo hudng hgp ly, trudc hdt Id phuc vu cho tidn trinh tdi edu tine ndn kinh td, ddc bifit ttong vigc sfr dung Mgu qua ngudn vdn diu W cfing, tdi cdu trfle cdc doanh ngMgp nhd nudc, hg thdng ngdn hing, td chflc phdn vung lanh Md - Kidn bd sfl dung ngudn vdn theo ca chd thi tmttig (dua trfin quy ludt cung - ciu, quy ludt canh ttanh, quy luit gid tii, quy ludt ty suit lgi nhuin ), dua ngudn vdn ttt ntt hoat dfing eo Mgu qud Dflng flitt tiidn khai thuc Mfin qud ttinh phdn bd ngudn vdn Meo kd hoaeh cua Nbi nudc nhdm Muc Mdn quan IJ Meo muc tifiu - Cdn d6i phdt tridn ngudn vdn phuc vu cho phdt tridn kinh td, ddng Mtt dip flng ygu ciu phdt tridn xa hfii, ndng cao mflc sdng cua ddn cu Quan diem sUdung nguon luc lao ddng ~ Hiit tnin ngudn nhdn Iuc trfin so sd CMdn lugc phdt ttidn kinh td - xa hfii Mtt kJ 2011 2020, phat huy vai bb quydt dinh ciia ydu td 46 ngutt, phdt tiidn nhdn Iuc Ii khdu dfit phd dd thuc Mgn Manh cdng CMdn lugc phdt tiidn kinh td- ^^ hdi - Phat tridn nhdn Iuc phai dua ti*n nhu cSu nhdn luc cua cdc ngdnh, cac dia phuong Do &6, phai tidn hanh quy hoach phdt tridn nhin luc cua cdc ngdnh va cdc dia phuong thtt kJ 2011 • 2020, tao CO sd dd dam bao cdn ddi nhdn luc cho phit tridn kinh td - xa hfii cie dia phucmg vd da't nudc - Phat ttidn nhin luc toan Mgn, gdm nhttng ydu td Md Iuc, tii Mflc, ky ndng, hdnh vi vd ;y tiufc chinh tri, xa hdi Meo yfiu ciu phit tridn toan difin eon ngutt vi phdt tridn dit nude bdn viMg Phit tridn nhdn lue phai cd ttpng tdm, trpng didm, chi! ttgng phit tridn nhin tii, xdy dung dfii n ^ chuyen gia ddu ngdnh Trong tttng Mtt ky ah& dinh, Meo ydu ciu phat tridn kinh td - xa hfli ttong nudc va dae didm bfli canh qudc td, phSI tap trang giai quydl nhung vdh dd cdt ydu cd \ic ddng quydt dinh ddn su phit tridn nhin luc vii phit tridn kinh td - xa hfii - Phuong thflc phdt trien ngudn rMdn Iuc Viet Nam phai dam bao tinh Mtt dai Trtnh dfi, kJ ndng ldm vigc cua nhdn Iuc Vigt Nam phai ti^ cin tiinh dfi cic nudc tifin tidn d khu vuc, mfii sfi mat tidp ein trinh dfi cie nudc tifin tidn ttfin M gidi - Phdt tridn nhdn Iuc phai ket hpp hii hda dam bao tfnh cdng bSng vi Igi ich qudc gia vtt sir dung CO ehd va nhung cfing cu ciia kinh td thi trudng ttong phdt tridn v i sfr dung nhdn Iuc DSc bigt, phai chuydn nhanh hg Mdng dio tao nhSn luc sang boat dfing theo ca chd dio tao Meo nhu cdu cua xa hfii vd thi tmdng lao dfing, nhit la cac nginh ttgng didm - Phat tiidn nhdn Iuc l i su ngMgp, Ii trach nMgm cua toan xa hfii Diy manh xa hfii hda cdc finh vuc giio due y td, van hda vi thi due, th^ Mao Nhd nudc Muc Men chflc ning quan If vi mfi, dinh hudng, d5n ddt bdng he thdng khung khd phdp ly va chMh sich khuydn kMch phSt tridn nhdn luc, Mue hign eac chuang tiinh phii cdp giio due bat bufic, hfi trg bdi duttig phdt tridn nhan tii vd thuc Mgn cfing bing xa hfli ttong phat tridn nhdn luc, bfi trg phdt tridn cdc nhdm nhdn luc die Mfl, nhit l i dfii vtt nhiMg dA Mgng ehinh sach xa hfii, ddng bdo din tfic thi^u sd cic nhdm ddn cu de bi tdn Muong (ngutt tan TAP CHf GIAO Ogc LY L U ^ - s 222 (2014) tit, ngutt nghdo, cdn ngheo, nfing ddn chuydn ddi vigc Iam ) Mfii cfing nhdn, mfii td chttc kinh td xa hdi cd trdeh nMgm Mam gia tfch cue vio phat tiidn nhin luc va Mu hut doanh ngMgp tham gia manh vio phdt tridn nhin lue - Ting cudng va md rfing hgp tie qudc td di phdt tridn nhdn luc, ttong dd tip tmng uu tifin xiy dung cdc eg sd dio tao dat ttinh dfi qudc td vd dio tao dfii ngu ehuydn gia diu nganh, cac nhdm nhdn Iuc trinh dd eao ttong ede nginh ttpng didm dat trinh dd eua cic nudc tidn tidn Quan diem sti dung khoa hpc vd cdng nghe - Phat tridn khoa hpc va cdng nghg ciing vdi giio due vi dio tao li qudc sach hang ddu Id dfing luc then chdt dd phdt trien ddt nudc nhanh vd ben vung Khoa hpc va cdng nghg phai ddng vai ttd chu dao dd tao dupc bude phdt tridn dfit phi vd Iuc lupng san xuit, ddi mtt mfi hinh ting trudng, ning eao ndng Iuc canh ttanh cfra ndn kinh td, ddy nhanh qud ttinh CNH,HDH ddt nudc - Tdp tiling thuc Mgn ddng bfi nMgm vu chu ydu: Tidp tuc ddi mtt co ban, todn didn vd ddng bd td chflc, CO chd quan ly, co chd boat ddng khoa hpc vi cdng nghg; tang cudng tidm Mc khoa hpc vi cfing nghg qudc gia; diy maiM ngMfin cflu flng dung, gdn nhigm vu phit tridn khoa hpe vi cdng nghe vdi nMgm vu phat trien kinh td - xa hdi d cac cdp, cdc ngdnh - Nhi nudc tdng mflc ddu M vd Uu tidn ddu M eho cic nMgm vu khoa hpc vd cfing nghg qudc gia, cdc san phlm qudc gia Diy manh xa hfii hda, huy ddng mgi ngudn Iuc, dac bigt la cua cic doanh ngMgp cho diu M phdt tridn khoa hgc vi cfing nghe - Phdt tridn thi trudng khoa hpc va cfing nghg gan v&i Muc tM phap luit vd sd hQu ttf tug nhim thflc ddy thuang mai hda kdt qua ngMdn ciM iing dung vd phdt tridn cdng nghg, khuyen khich sdng tao khoa hpe va cdng nghg - Hdi nhdp qudc td vd khoa hge vd cdng nghd la muc tidu ddng thbi la giai phap quan ttpng dd gdp phin dua khoa hpc vi cdng nghd Vigt Nam sdm dat ttinh dfi qudc td Hdi nhdp qudc td vd khoa hge vd cfing nghg phii dugc thuc Mdn tfch cue, chu dfing, sing tao, bao dam ddc lip, chu quydn, an ninh qudc gia, binh ding vd ciing cd Igi Quan diem sUdung tdi nguyen thien nhiin TAP CHI G I A O DMC L'^ LU