TAC DONG CUA CAC LOI ICH NHOM VA CAC NHOM LOI ICH €)6l VOI S y PHAT T R I S N XA HOI VIET NAM HIEN NAY NGUYEN TRONG CHUAN Tom tat: Bai viet phan tich tac dong ciia cac lgi ich nhom va cac nhom loi ich doi voi sir phat trien o Viet Nam Theo tac gia, lgi ich dong vai tro dong lire thuc day nguoi hoat dong nhung khong phai lgi ich nao cung dong vai tro thuc day sir tien bp xa hoi Chang han, la lgi ich quoc gia dan tpc hep hoi, lgi ich cua cac ton giao cue doan Tac gia ciing cho rang, nhom lgi ich la nhom nguoi CO chung muc dich hanh dgng va co gang sir dung cac bien phap khac de dat dugc cong ITnh vuc hoat dong cua cac nhom; sir hinh cac nhom lgi ich xa hgi la het siic tu nhien Tir khoa: Loi ich; lgi ich nhom; nhom lgi ich; phat trien xa hgi 1, Ngay tu thai co dai Hy Lap, nha bach khoa Aristotle da som nhin thay vai tro, dong luc cua lgi ich viec thiic day nguai hanh dpng Nhieu the ky sau ong, nha bach khoa nguai Diic Hegel nghien ciiu va giang day ve triet hpc Uch sil cung da chi ro vai tro to Ion cua lgi ich tien trinh di len cua lich su cac dan tpc, vay ong kh&ig dinh rang, "nhung lgi ich thuc day dai song ciia cac dan tpc va cac canhan"'" Cac nha sang lap chu nghia Mac da nhan vai tro quan cua lgi ich cupc song cila nguai Ngay tit thang nam 1842, bai viet Nhimg cupc tranh lugn ve lu bao chi va ve viec cong bo cac bien ban ciia hoi nghi cdc dSng cdp, C.Mac timg viet "tat ca cai gi ma nguoi dau tranh de gianh iky, iiu dinh li6n vai lai ich cua hp"'^' Nhung khang dinh tren day ciia cac vi nhan Aristotle, Hegel va CMac khong chi diing doi voi qua khii, ma diing vai ca hien tai tien trinh lich sir nhan loai Tir xua den nay, tat ca cac giai doan lich sii cua xa hpi loai nguoi, loi ich vat chat luon luon dong vai tro cue ky quan trpng Lai ich khong chi thoa man nhu cau song hang cua nguai, ma co tac dung thiic day su tien bp cua van minh nhan loai va su di len cua lich six Dung nhu Ph.Angghen da viet: "Cai gpi la lgi ich vat chat khong bao gio co the xuat hien '"' Giao su, ti6n sT, Vien Han lam Khoa hgc xa hgi Vi?t Nam Nghien cihi la mgt phan De tai nghien ciru khoa hgc cap Nha nuac KX.02.15/I1-15 '"fere/lb (1937), CoiuneHua,T.\ MoCKBa, c.9 °' C.Mac va Ph.Angghen (1995), Toan tap, t.l, Nxb Chinh trj quoc gia, Ha Ngi, tr 109 Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hoi Vi4t Nam, so 12(85) -2014 lich sil vai tinh each la nhung muc dich dpc lap, chu dao, nhtmg bao gicr cOng phuc vu mpt each tu giac hoac khong tu giac cho cai nguyen tac dang ddn duang cho su tien bo cua lich 5if"'^' Lgi ich dong vai tro ddn duang quan trpng nhu vay la vi, trpng tiSn trinh lich sit cila nhan loai "chinh lai ich la cai lien ket cac vien cua xa hpi"'"' \s.i vai va nhttng "con nguoi doc lap chi lien he voi nguai khac thong qua cai nut la loi Ich"'" Di6u co nghia rtog, mpi boat dong cua minh, mgi nguai deu nham den mot cai chung la lgi ich Tuy nhien, xa hpi co tk nhieu loai lgi ich khac nhau, bai vi nhu clu ciia nguai la rSt nhiSu, thupc vao dieu kien song, vao trinh dp phat trien cua xa hpi va vao kha nang dap img cac nhu cau ay bang cac loai lgi ich khac Mgt xa hpi kem phat trito thi nhu cau ciia cpn nguai la ikt dan gian, vay ma so lugng cac nhu ciu ciing khong nhieu Trai lai, s6 luang cac nhu cau cua nguoi tang len ma xa hpi dii sire thoa man dugc cac nhu ciu ay thi co nghia la xa hoi da dat dSn trinh dp phat trien nhit dinh nao Chung ta deu h\k, mpi nguai trang xa hpi moi chi dang cin an no, mac am thi nhu ciu ciia hp rit khac vai luc mpi nguai can duoc an ngon, thich mSc d?p Tang tiSn hon nua, nguoi can dSn cac phurcmg tien sinh hoat nhiSu mat; tir cac phuang tien di lai cho din nhttng nhu cau tinh thin da dang va a trinh mpt cao Do vay, d6 thoa man nhu cau b cac trinh dp khac va cang cao nhu viy thi cin phai CO nhieu each dap ling khac Tir ma CO nhieu loai lgi I'ch khae va co rat nhieu each phan loai lgi ich Dl thiy nhat, gan gUi nhat va ciing thuong gap nhat la lgi ich v£it chat va Igi Ich tinh than; lgi ich truac mat va lgi ich lau dai; Ipi ich cue bp va Ipi ich toan cue; lgi Ich rieng va loi ich chung; lai ich ca nhan va lgi Ich tap thi nho hoac Igi ich t^p thi Ion; Igi Ich kinh te va Igi Ieh ehinh tri; g tam cao hon va xa hon la Igi ich qu6c gia va Igi ich toan nhan loai, v.v Khi chiing ta thira nhan ring, Igi ich dong vai tro dpng luc, vai tro thuc diy nguoi hanh dong thi d6ng thai cung can lira y ring, khong phai Igi ich nao cOng deu dong vai tro thilc diy su tiln bp ciia xa hgi hay thuc diy lich sir cac dan tpc di len Trai Iai, co khSng it nhiing truang hgp Igi ieh, nhat la Igi ich nhom va Igi Ich cac tap doan, cac to hgp quan su va chinh tri, da can fro sir phat trien va tham chi tan pha ca eg sa tang lin kiln tnic thuong ting ciia xa hpi, keo liii lich sir Diln hinh vg mat la Igi Ich dan tpc hep hoi ciia nhttng tap doan cim quyln dpc tai, chuySn chi muon lam ba chii thi gioi bing C.Mac va Ph.Angghen (1995), Toan tgp, t.l, Nxb Chinh trj quoc gia, Ha Ngi, tr.686 C.Mac va Ph.Angghen (1995), Toan tap, t.2 Nxb Chinh trj quoc gia Ha Ngi, tr.l83 C.Mac va Ph.Angghen (1995), Torn tgp, t.2, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Ngi, tr.l 72 Tac dong ciia cac lgi ich nhom va cac nhom lgi ich ducmg chiln tranh xam luge, bing chiln khong it truong hgp co the chua tranh buy diet de thon tinh cac dan tgc dung mat co lgi Ian co hai, co ca cai tot va cac quoc gia khac ma nhan loai da Ian cai xau Do cung la mpt nhihig timg dugc ehiing kien su6t nhilu the ky nguyen nhan Iam cho xa hpi hinh vira qua va ca giai doan hien cac nhpm Igi ieh khac nhau, tham chi Lgi ich qu6c gia dan tpc hep hoi va Igi doi dich quyet liet rat kho co thi ich eua cac ton giao cue doan, tham chi dieu hoa Dieu Iam cho su hinh v6 ciing tan ac dang day nhieu quoc gia, cac nhom lgi ich xa hgi tro khu vuc rong Ion, vao vong xoay ciia tat yeu khach quan cua Uch sir, du b£io luc triln mien Sit tan pha cac co so cho khong muon dilu iy vat chat, truang hgc, benh vien, eac co Tuy nhien, the giai duang dai, so tho tu ton giao chien tranh giua su no rp cua cac loai Igi ich v a c a c cac nuoc, npi chien, thu ban ton giao nhom Igi ich song hanh vol su phat trien hien dang diln tai chau Phi, Trung ciia kinh te thi truang va sir phan tang, Dong, cae nuac A rap hoac cac khu vuc tham chi ca sir phan cue ciia xa hpi khac tren khap the gioi thuc su ghe gcim Trong mpt xa hpi ma mgi thu deu dugc lai deu xuat phat ttt cac Igi ich phan chia binh quan, tat ca deu dugc cao khac nhau, dac biet la Igi ich bing, va nhit la nln dan chu bi ban chinh tri va Ipi ich kinh te ciia cac nhom che hoac mat dan chii, thi cac loai lgi hay cac tap doan lgi ich khac ich va so Iugng cac nhom Igi ich la Ben canh do, neu xet rieng npi khong nhieu tham chi bi cam doan bp mgt quoc gia thi Igi ich cue bg cua Do vay, mgi van de cila mot xa mpt tap doan cam quyen chuyen che va hpi nhu vay deu se khong co sir tranh dgc doan cung can tro dang ke sir phat luan, phan bien trung thuc ma chi co trien cua quoc gia dan too Lgi ieh "su dong thuan cuang buc", "su dong cua mpt che dp toan tri tai m6t quoc gia thuan hinh thue" be ngoai, su dong chic chin se pha vo nhung co so nen long gia tao, ben Iai chua tang ciia the chi dan chO, kim ham tu chit nhttng bat dong am y va ca nhiing cua nguai, vay se la tro lire vo mau thuan khong he de giai quyet Co ciing Ion d6i vdi sir phat trien kinh te - the coi day la mpt nhung nguyen nhan da din den su tri tre va sir cham xS hpi eua quoc gia phat triln cua nhieu xa hpi o nhieu chau Khi chiing ta thua nhan rang, "chinh luc hien Dieu cung da the hien Ipi ich la cai lien kit cac vien cua ro nhat thai ky kinh te tap trung, xa hpi" va "con ngir6i dgc lap chi lien bao cap giai doan truoc doi moi va a ca he voi nguai khac thong qua cai nut la cac nuac cpng dong xa hpi chu Igi Ich" thi d6ng thai cQng phai thay nghia truoc day ring "cai lien ket" hay sir "lien he" ay Tgp chi Khoa hgc xa hgi Vi^t Nam, s612(85) -2014 Sir that Uch sir da minh chiing mgt each thuyet phuc eho luan diem coi "nhihig loi ich thiic day doi song ciia cac dan tpc va cac ca nhan" va Igi ich "bao gia cung phuc vu mgt each tu giac hoac khong tu giac cho cai nguyen tac dang din duang cho sir tiln bp cua Uch su" cua Hegel va Ph.Angghen da dugc din o tren Vi vay, neu mgt xa hgi bi cai tri boi nhutig nguoi coi thugng lai ich chinh ddng cua nguai va cua toan xa hgi, dii la lgi ich truac mit hay lgi ieh lau dai, hoac chi chu y din Igi Ich truoc mat ma quen di lgi ich lau dai, thi deu phai tra gia, tham chi la gia rit dit bang ca van menh cua chi vi da Iam hiet tieu dgng lire thuc diy sir phat triln Nhung nguai nhu vay la nhttng nguai thiln c?n dung nhu dilu ma J.S.Mill da timg noi tu nam 1861: "Bit cu cung CO Igi ich hien tai va lgi ich lau dai, va nguoi thiln can la nguai cham lo cho lgi ich hien tai ma khong cham lo cho Ipi ich lau dai"'** J.S.Mill vilt tac phim Chinh thi dgi dien (1861) rang, viec danh gia "anh huong ciia chinh the len an sinh cila xa hpi khong the dugc xem xet hay danh gia bing each nao khac ban la can eii vao toan bg Igi ich ciia nguai"''' Nlu nhu xa hgi coi thudng Igi ich chinh dang ciia tit ca cac vien cia minh hoac chi quan tam den viec bao ve Igi ich cho mpt tang lap thieu so, cua mot nhom nguoi nao giau co hon hoac co thi lire hon, thi nhit dinh, dii som hay mupn, xa hgi cflng se xay su xung dot Igi ich nghiem trpng, tat nhien xa hpi sS khong the nao co sv ding long, dong thuan, su doan ket, nhat tri de thuc day sir phat trien Mpt xa hpi thdi hien d£ii cang tao lap dugc su cdn bdng hap ly, sy: hdi hod va su cong bdng a mice toi da ve Igi ich, ca Igi ich trudc mat va lgi ich lau dai, cho tat ca cac vien ciia minh, ke ca cho cac the he tuong Iai, thi cang tao dugc sir dong thuan, doan kit nhit tri, cang huy dgng durgc tri tue, tai nang sang tao va sir nhiet tinh ciia hg phuc vu cho cong cugc phat triln Cho nSn, su phii hpp, su hai hoa giua Igi ich riSng va Igi ich chung; giua Igi ich ca nhan va Igi ich cgng dong; loi Ich gitta cac thi he; gitta Igi ich trudc mit va Igi Ich lau dai cila toan the xa hgi se co anh hudng rit Idn den su phat triln xa hpi Noi rpng de cho xa hgi co thi phat trien lanh manh va ben virng thi "cin sue lam cho Igi ieh rieng cua ngudi ca biet phii hgp vdi Igi Ich ciia toan thi loai ngudi"'*' Trong xa hgi cdn cd su phan chia cac dang cip, cac giai ting va nhat la cac giai cip ddi dich nhu Men thi viec dilu hoa, dilu tilt va can bang cac lgi ich dl cho mgi ngudi ciing thoa man la dieu vd eung khd khan nlu khong ndi la chua thi Song, chinh '" J.S.Mill (2008), Chinh the dai di?n, Nxb Tri thuc,HaNoi,tr.l98 ''' J.S.Mill (2008), Chinh thi dgi di$n, Nxb Tri thirc Ha Ngi, tr.64 '"' C.Mac va Ph.Angghen (1995), Toan tgp, t.2, Nxb Chinh tri qu6c gia Ha Ngi, tr.199-200 Tdc dgng ciia cdc lgi ich nhom va cdc nhom lgi ich Iai la dieu ma tir xua den cac vT nhan cung nhu toan the nhan loai mong udc va hudng tdi Dd cung se vua la dgng lire thuc day xa hdi phat trien va vira la tieu chi danh gia sir phat trien cua xa hpi Nhu tren da ndi, su hinh cac nhdm lgi ich xa hgi ducmg dai la mpt tat yeu khach quan ciia Uch sir, dii cho cd dd khdng mudn dieu ay dien hoac cung khdng mong mudn nd tdn tai Neu hieu nhom lai ich Id nhom nguai CO chung quan diem, ly tuang, co chung muc dich hdnh dong vd co gdng sic dung cdc bien phdp khde de dgt duac thdnh cong linh vuc hogt dong ciia nhom minh thi viec hinh cac nhdm Igi Ich xa hpi la het sue tu nhien Chinh cac nhdm Igi ieh "lien ket cac vien ciia xa hdi", gan ket hg lai vdi nhau, qua hinh cac cgng ddng Idn hon de hmh nen xa hgi Khdng thi cd mgt xa hpi tdt neu cac cpng ddng Idn hay nhd, cac nhdm Igi ich khac ludn luon ddi dau vdi nhau, ludn ludn chong lai va nhit la ludn ludn tun mgi each de triet lan Trong cac xa hgi duong dai, ke ca d nudc ta, cac nhdm Igi ich khac nhau, ben canh su hap tac chan de ciing dat, ciing phat triln, thi sv dd ky lln ciia nhieu nhdm cung khdng kem phin quylt liet Ciing vdi cac nhdm lgi ich hgp phap, nhdm Igi ich tich cue cd ddng gdp quan trpng va rat hieu qua vao sir phat trien cda xa hpi, cua dit nudc thi cung dang cd khong it nhdm Igi ich bat minh, nhdm Igi ieh tieu cue Vi vay, khdng the va nhat la khdng nen ndi chung chung rang chiing ta chong cac nhdm Igi ich va phai triet tieu lgi ich nhdm Day la van de het sue nghiem tiic, cin phai hit sire rd rang va sdng phang ve mat ly luan Viec hinh eac nhdm Igi ich la tat yeu khach quan, sir tdn tai cila loi ich nhdm tich cue va chinh dang cflng la mgt tat yeu khach quan cin phai dugc xa hdi chip nhan Cac nhdm lgi ich hgp phap, tich cue tim each thu Igi cho nhdm dd nhimg khdng gay hai eho ngudi khac, cho nhdm khac; khdng lam trai phap luat va duge phap luat thua nhan; khdng di nguge Iai va khdng chdng Iai lgi ich cgng ddng, Igi ich eua da sd la lgi ich cua dan tgc neu chung dat se ddng gdp quan trpng chp su phat trien chung cua dat nudc Neu nhu cac nhdm lgi Ich tich cue, hgp phap, chan ehinh boat ddng tdt, cd hieu qua va edng vdi ton ehi va muc dich cua minh thi ngoai nhimg ddng gdp ve mat kinh te, thuc day sir phat trien kinh tl - xa hdi se cd ddng gdp quan trgng khac khdng the tinh bang vat chat, bang tien tai dugc - dd chinh la nhurng ddng gdp y kien vao viec xay dung, hoach dinh, hoan thien, ngan chan cac Id hdng, nhiing bat cap, siia ddi, bd sung cac chu truong, cac chinh sach quan trgng; vao viec quan ly xa hpi thdng qua su phan bien mang tinh xay dung Neu eac cap quan Iy xa hdi nudc nha hien thuc su cau thi, biet Iang Tgp chi Khoa hgc xa hgi Viet Nam, s6 12(85) - 2014 nghe, bilt chit Ige cac y kien cd gia tri thi chac chan se khdng cd tinh trang cac quyet dinh, cac nghi dinh, cac chinh sach hay chu truong xa rdi thuc te, mau thuin Ian nhau, cd lgi eho mdt dd nhung Iai gay thiet hai hoac bat Igi cho sd khac va khdng kha thi dua chua rao muc da phai rut Iai nhu da xay thdi gian vua qua Vi vay, thu lgi ich nhdm va nhdm lgi ich ma chiing ta kien quyet phai xga bd chinh la cae nhdm lgi Ich va Igi ieh nhdm tieu cue, nhdm Igi ich bat minh, nhat la cac nhdm lgi ich hinh nen tir sy lien ket, cau ket cua nhihig ngudi nim quyen lire cac cip khac vdi cac the lyc khac ngoai xa hpi dang Iam trai phap luat, chong Iai luat phap; Igi dung cac ke hd cua phap luat, lgi dung dia vi cac co quan edng quyen dl thuc hien nhttng phi vu bit minh, dl tham nhOng dang tran Ian khip ea nudc tren mpi ITnh vyc kinh te - xa hdi Danh rang, viec phap luat de tdn tai nhttng ke hd cho cac nhdm Igi ich khac cd the Igi dung la dieu rat dang trach cua eg quan lap phap Song, nlu dem so sanh sd nhiing ke hd de cd the lach vdi nhttng hanh vi trang trgn cd tinh vi pham luat phap cua cac nhdm Igi ich bat minh, eac nhdm Igi ich tieu cyc dang tdn tai thi chi la sd rat nhd De ngan ngua sy hoanh hanh cua cac nhdm Igi ich bat minh, tieu cue trudc het mpi thir phai that minh bach, phai cdng khai d mue tdi da cd the, phai dan chu thuc sy de mgi ngudi cd thi phan bien mpt each xay dyng va khdng kem phin quan trpng la phai ngan chan bang dugc su cau ket gitta nguai ndm quyen life chinh tri cdc cdp nhung thodi hod vd nhom lai ich co sice mgnh kinh te Sy cau ket giua hai the lyc, hay hai nhdm Igi ich nay, tu xua den ludn la tham boa ddi vdi su phat trien cua mgi qudc gia nhat la nd dat den mdc dii sue chi phdi ehinh sach vi md Trong dieu kien cua nudc ta hien nay, sy cSu ket khdng nhirng gay nhue nhdi nhan dan, dang thu thach niem tin ciia mgi ngudi ma cung dang la thach thiic ddi vdi quyen luc quan Iy cua eac CO quan cdng quyen eac cap Nhttng doan xe vua, nhiing vu pha rimg canh eac tram kiem Iam quan Iy rimg, khai thac khoang san khdng phep, chd hang nghin tan than khdng phep ban nudc ngoai, budn lau nhung cdng khai qua cac tram kiem soat lien nganh giiia ban Ipt qua eac tram kiem tra hoac don gian nhu xay nha khdng phep, sai phep, v.v, la gi neu khdng phai la cd sy mdc ngoac, an chia, sy lam luat gitta cac nha chuc trach nam quyen lyc vdi cac nhdm Iam kinh tl? Khdng khd khan lim dl chi trung mat, vach tning ten nhung nhdm lgi ich ldn hon nhu linh vyc thu hdi dit dai; Unh vyc tilp nhan diu tu; Iinh vyc cae cdng trinh xay dyng co ban va giao thdng ldn cap qudc gia; Iinh vuc cap phep khai thac tai nguyen, cip phep xay dyng thuy dien tran Ian, cip phep chuyen ddi muc dich sit dung cai gpi la "rung ngheo kiet"; linh vuc ngan hang, tai chinh, tham chi ca cac ITnh vyc Tdc dgng cita cdc lgi ich nhom vd cdc nhom lgi ich dau tu cho y tl, giao dye, djc biet la Khdng phai ngau nhien ma dng bd viec lap cac doanh nghiep san sau trudng Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng cua cac quan chuc duong nhiem, v.v Nguyen Minh Quang tai phien chat van Tinh trang can bd "Idt d" trudc cua Uy ban Thudng vy Qudc hdi chieu nghi huu da tranh thu ky duyet eac dy 20 thang 08 nam 2013 da phai ndi an tiln ty rdi sau nhan quylt len rang, "dimg dao bdi nhieu qua" nua dinh nghi huu dam nhiem chirc vu quan vi dao bdi qua nhieu nhung ca nha nudc trpng dy an da ky khdng phai la va ca ngudi dan cd dugc lgi gi dau ma hiem Cdn tinh Uang trudc nghi huu, hau qua thi rat ldn"'! Khong It nhdm lgi eae giam ddc sd, nganh hay cac co quan ich dang vua Iam giau tren lung eua thi nghien ciiu khoa hpc tranh thii de bat he hdm nay, vua vay mugn, nhung chac hang loat ngucri vao cac chiic danh khac la chang bao gid hg cd the tra lai nhiing vira de "lay on" trudc mat, va cd le tai nguyen dang Ie thudc ve cac the he cflng vira de hudng an hue vl sau cang mai sau Loai nhdm Igi ich can phai khdng phai hilm thdi gian vua bi loai bd triet de, nham tao dieu kien qua Day la mdt trpng nhihig Iy rat cho cac nhdm lgi ich chan chinh dang quan trpng gdp phan giai thich vi sap that sy lam giau cho dat nudc bang tat ngudi bien chi eac co quan nha ca nghi lyc, tai nang va kha nang, giup nudc thi nhieu ma ngudi Iam dugc viec hp cd dieu kien phat trien vi Igi ich cua thi rat han che va vi keu ggi cai each dat nudc va vl sy tiln bd cua dan tpc hanh chinh lien tuc nhung khdng cd sy thep muc tieu ddn chu, tu do, cong tien triln dang kl nao Chinh kilu "kinh bdng, nhdn vdn, ddn gidu, nuac mgnh doanh td chiic nhan sy" cua cac Tom lgi Can nhin nhan Igi ieh nhdm nhdm lgi ich bit minh la ngudn gdc cua va nhdm lgi ich mdt each khoa hgc Cac qudc nan tham nhflng, cua tinh trang nhdm lgi ich va Igi ich nhdm chan lang phi qua ldn dang tao nen nguy co chinh, tieh cyc ludn cd tac dung thiic gay mgt rudng cac co quan cdng quyen, day manh me sy phat trien va quan Iy xa cac doanh nghiep nha nudc vdn duge hdi Vi vay, khdng nen vo dua ea nam coi la xuong sdng cua nen kinh te qude ddi vdi cac nhdm loi ich Tuy nhien, dan Cd the ke vd sd nhiing ITnh vyc khdng thi dl cho Igi ich nhdm va eac cd cac nhdm lgi ich nhu vay nhdm Igi ich tieu cyc, bat minh hoanh Day la loji nhttng nhdm Igi ich tieu hanh can trd sy phat trien cua dat nudc, cyc dang lam mat ldng tin cua dan ddi buy hoai niem tin cua ngudi dan ddi vdi vdi sy quan Iy cua Nha nudc va se can su quan ly cua Nha nudc, ddi vdi sy trd rit Idn ddi vdi sy phat trien cua dat lanh dao cua Dang nudc ta, keo lui sy phat trien tham chi la huy hoai ca nhttng gi dang le chiing ta phai de lai cho cac the he mai sau ' ' Xem: Bao Tuoi tre, 21 thang 08 nam 2013, n-.3 ...Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hoi Vi4t Nam, so 12(85) -2014 lich sil vai tinh each la nhung muc dich dpc lap, chu dao, nhtmg bao gicr cOng... phai thay nghia truoc day ring "cai lien ket" hay sir "lien he" ay Tgp chi Khoa hgc xa hgi Vi^t Nam, s612(85) -2014 Sir that Uch sir da minh chiing mgt each thuyet phuc eho luan diem coi "nhihig... phat triln Nhung nguai nhu vay la nhttng nguai thiln c?n dung nhu dilu ma J.S.Mill da timg noi tu nam 1861: "Bit cu cung CO Igi ich hien tai va lgi ich lau dai, va nguoi thiln can la nguai cham