Đặc điểm ngôn ngữ - Văn hóa của uyển ngữ Tiếng Việt.pdf

NG6N NGff & D6I S6NG 74 So (238)-20I5 INGON NGiT VA VAN H6A| DAC DIEM N G N N G C - VAN HOA CUA UYEN NGU" TIENG VEgT* SOME REMARKS ON LINGUISTIC - CULTURAL FEATURES OF VIETNAMESE EUPHEMISMS TRAN Tiq H6NG H^NH (TS; Tnrimg DHKHXH & NV, DHQG H i N$i) Abstract: As a special language phenomenon, euphemism is used to avoid embairassmeot or to ease the stmg of harsh words The existence and origin of euphemisms seem to be universal However, each language community has its own way of thinking based on different social - cultural environment This brings to euphemisms in each language a different semantic environment Studying on Vietnamese euphemisms can reveal not only lingual features but also of our own ethnic social-cultural cliaracteristics Key words: Vietnamese euphemism; feature; language; culture Din nh$p Trong thvrc tl giao tilp, nhiing ngudi tham gia giao tilp diu it nhieu phii dli in$t vdi nhttng tinh hulng mi hp khdng the trvrc tilp ndi mpt dilu gl dd, ho$c nlu ndi trvrc tilp thi sS lim cho ngudi nghe vi thim chi li ci ngudi ndi cim thiy lung tflng, khd xfl Trong nhflng trudng hpp nhu v|y, cich diln dft gita tilp li xu hudng mi ngudi ndi sS Ivra chpn dl lim cho bta thta ctag nhu ngudi nghe trinh dupc nhttng bit ti?n Uyin ngtt ddi vi di vio ddi sing theo cich nhu viy 1.1 vi khdi nifm "uyin ngO" Trong Ttt diln tilng Vi?t, uyin ngU dupc dinh nglua li "phuong thflc ndi giim, blng cich khdng diing lli diln dft trvrc tilp mi dtag hlnh thirc diln dft nhp nhtag hon, mim mfi hon, nhttng nguyen nhta ve mjtt phong cich" Cdn tieng Anh, thuit ngft uyin ngU tieng Anh li euphemism Thuit ngft niy bit nguln tii mpt tfl Hi Lfp, taxing dd tien tl eu cd nghia li tit, vi phemism cd nghta Idi ndi Do dd euphemism don gita li ndi nhttng dilu tit dpp d Vi?t Nam, nhilu cdng Irinh nghiSn cftu ngdn ngtt hpc cfla cic nhi nghiSn curu nhu Nguyin Vta Khang, Dmh Trpng Lfc, Phan Ngpc, Bfli Thi Ngpc Anh, Nguyin Chiln, Truong ViSn, Nguyen Thi Lan Hinh, Hi Hpi TiSn, Dota Tiln Lvrc di dua cic cich bilu khic vl uyin ngtt Ciuig vdi khii ni?m uyin ngtt, cic tic gii cdn de cip den cic thuit ngtt tuong ducmg nhu: ndi giim, ndi trinh, ndi vdng, nha ngtt, khmh tit Xiit phit ttt nhttng cich tilp eta khic nhau, song cic tic gii kl trta co bta thing nhit cich hilu vl khii ni?m uyin ngft Cic cick hieu niy cd £em chung li coi uyin ngft nhu mdt kilu "biln thi ngdn ngiF', bta chit cua uyin ngft Ii phdp thay the Ndi mOt cich khic biln thi ngdn ngtt uyen ngtt dupc Ifo nen tifia vdo vile thay Ihe, bien dii IU gic mdt tii/cvm tit cd hlnh thtic khdc bill Trong tilng Vi?t, svr thay thi cd thi li sir fliayfliS/bilndli vl mlt ngtt Im nhu Hnh lupc Im (yi dy: Benh nhdn H li vilt tit cia ngudi nhiim HIV) MOt cich khic li ding cic tii dong nghTa, gin nghla dlfliaythi (Vi dvi: mum mim thay cho bio; timg tilm thay cho nghio ) Trong tilng Vi?t, cdn m?t lupng Idn tii Hta Vi?tfliudngmang sic tbii trangtatjngvi him sflc so vdi cic thuin Vi?t ding nghTa, dd nhilu tnrdng hpp, tii Hta Vipt thudng dupc sft dvmg vdi tu cich li Sl (238)-2015 N G N NGff & Bin uyin ngtt (Vi dvi: ngi y thay cho dd ldt, hi sinh thay cho chit ) Cung cd till dtag phuong thftc chuyin nglua in dy, hota dy dl tfo nta cic uyin ngft (Vi dy: mdy mua thay cho giao hop; tdt thd, nhdm mdt xudi tay thay cho chet; ) Ngoii ra, cic tfl vay mupn ctag cd the dupc sft dyng lim uyen ngtt (Vi dy: nuylnude thay cho trin truing, toallt/toilet thay cho nhd xi ) Vi?c sft dyng cic ylu tl phft dinh nhu khdng, chua, chdng, A^/R ,cic d^titiy dd ciing Ii mdt phuong flnic ciu tfo cfla uyin ngft tilng Vi?t V|y li, phuong thflc thay A blng B dd B li uyin ngtt B cd ctag "cii dupc bilu 6^" gilng A nhung B dupc ngirdi nghe (vi ci ngudi Ivra chpn sft dyng B li ngudi ndi) cho li dl chiu horn, Uch sy hon, tl nhi hom B cd till li tfl ding nghia vdi A vi li nhftng don vi tft vvmg mi chtag tdi tfm ^pi gpi li cic don vi uyen ngtt ty thta Chtag hfn, til trin, qua dai, di ntai cflng mdt ttudng nghia vdi chet, nhung tit trin, qua ddi, di mang sic thii bilu cim trang tapng, lich sy, tl nhi * ^ vdi chit Bta cfnh dd, B cd thi Ii mpt biln ihl dupc dtag dl thay flil m$t tii nio dd mdt ngtt cinh nhit dinh Khi dupc chpn dl thay thi, ndt nghla dyng hpc cua biln thi B dupc cho li lich sy hon, trangta^nghon, tl nhi hon vi chl cd thi dupc b?c 1? qua bli cinh giao tilp (ngtt cinh sft dyng) Viy thi tiSu chi dl dinh gii B Iich sy hon, tl ijii hom, thim mT hon li phy fliupc vio dilu gl? Cic dta t?c khic nhau, sing taong nhttng dilu ki?n mdi ttudng khic nhau, vdi nhttng phuong thftc sta xuit, hinh thii xi h?i, Iich sfl phit tailn khdng giong din din die trung vta hoi khic Dd sS li co sd dl hhih fliinh mditairdngngtt nghla cfla uyin ngtt Cd flil ndi, uyin ngtt cd flil phta inh nhftng tu tudng vta hda, quy tic dfo dfle cfla tiing xi hdi TrongtaTidnghprp niy, "sy thich hpp vi ylu tl vta hoi xi hpi li hai dilm tya CO bta vl ngtt nghia cfla m?t uyin ngtt, dd chinh li mdi trudng ngtt nghia cfla uyin ngtt dd" [11;17] Nghita ciiu uyin ngtt S6NG 75 khdng chl gdp phin tim hilu vl ngdn ngtt cfta mdt dta tpc nii cdn giftp thn hilu cic die dilm vta hoi cfla dta tdc dd 1.2 Tinh phi qudt eia tiyin ngU ding Vtit Cic nghita cflu vl uyin ngft diu cho ring sy tin tfi cfta uyin ngft cic ngdn nsft mang tinh phi quit Thih phd quit cfta uyen ngft dupc hhih fliinh ttudc hit dvra ttta nhftng nhu ciu mang thih phi quit: nhu ciu kiSng ki, nhu ciu lich sy vi nhu clu che dly Nguyta nhta diu tien ^ ngudi Ivra chpn sft dyng uyin ngtt cd liSn quan din sy kitag Iq Tim li chung cfla ngudi li thudng ttinh nS khdng nhic din, thim chi Ii gft bd khdi tu cfla mlnh nhihig sy vit lii?n tupng khiln minh sp hii, e ngfi Nhung qui trinh giao tilp, van xuat hita cic tinh hudng can phii gpi tta cic sy vit hi?n tupng dd bit c h ^ sy kieng Iq tilm thflc hole mOt quy chuin xi h?i thdng thudng Vi dd, cin cd nhihig tfl ngft dl thay thi, nhftng tfl ngft dl im chi sy vit m?t cich gita tilp Do v|y, giong nhu cic ngdn ngft khic, uyen ngft tilng Vi?t cung nhlm phyc vy cho nhftng kitag ki ddi sing htag ngiy Cic Ihih vyc kiSng ki bao glm cic b? phin tita CO thi ngudi, nhfbig hinh vi tinh dye, nhttng hi?n tupng sinh li ciia ngudi nhu cii chit, sy bii tilt v.v, nhiing nilm tin tdn giio Ben Cfnh dd, nhu clu lich sy ctag li nguyta nhta hinh thinh uyin ngtt Ngay tft xa xua, ca dao Vi?t Nam da cd nhibig clu ndi dl cao thih lich sy giao tilp nhu: Ldi ttdi chdng mat tiin mua/Ltfa ldi md ndi cho vita long nhau; Chim khdn keu tiing rdnh rang/Ngudi khdn tiing ndi dju ddng tli ng/ie Nhifaig clu ca dao nhu viy dfi dita cho nhu ciu vl lich sy giao tilp gifla ngirdi vdi ngudi V|y li, khdng phii cft thdi ngudi mdi d^ cao van dl ndi cho dpp, cho hay mi nhu ciu lich sy giao tiep li nhu ciu vin cd tft xa xua "Lvia Idi" ndi lim cho lich sy, dl nghe, trinh lim 76 N G N NGff & D d l S N G Sl8(238)-201S tin thucmg ngudi nghe cung chinh li nguon tning, cdn dl chl tinh hota Trong ldi chfn cd rit nhilu tft cd chtt niy, vi dy i i S glc ddi uyen ngtt Vi dy: Toi 30 Tet, Boon Idnh difo TP.HCM (dl/quta diu ctag), I A S (do/quta khln Chit tich HDND TP.HCM Nguyin Thf Quyit nfn), if S (dl tli, ngudi xiu) Do viy, ngudi Tdm ddn ddu da din tham, chuc Tit cdne Bic Kinh ndta-tahtft S din,ta:flnggi khdng nhdn vl sinh dtmg ldm vi$c tgi Khu lien hgp gpi li kS dta mi fliay li S ? [6;27] Trong xu li chit thdi Da Phudc, huyin Binh Chdnh dd, tning gi tilng Vipt khdng phii vd Trgm trung chuyin rdc Ting Vdn Trdn li tft kiSng ki, bdi vfy mi khdng cin uyin ngft dlfliaytill (ThanhNien Onlme, 18/2/2015) Trong trudng hpp niy, cym ttt cdng nhdn Trong dd, tilng Vi?t ciing cd nhflng vl sinh dupc dtag t h ^ thi cho ngudi qu^t ric, chit thdi limy the cho ric Khong chl phdp thay thi riSng nhiing kitag ki mang tilng Vi?t, tilng Anh, cym tfl tinh bta sic Ching hfn, ngudi Trung (^ulc sanitttry engineer (kl su v? suih) ctag Ii uyin ctag cd tvic phii dlt tta tvic cho trd em dl de ngft fliay thi cho ttt ngudi qudt dpn, ngudi nudi, cho nSn cd thi gpi tiS nhd bing nhtag quit ric Tilng Hta thi cd uyen ngtt tucmg ty tSn tyc rit xiu nhu ^ ^ ( ciu oa; chd con), li i ^ ^ X A cdng nhta bta v? moi trudng, mh (nhi ciu; chd thft hai), nhung Uiti j|$!li( nhta vita trang dilm fliinh phi ngudi Trung (julc khdng kiSng ki vi?c khen Tilng Hto cd & D | S | - ^ - nhta viSn trang trd em, cho nSn cd thi ndi mOt dfla trd li dl dilm mdi trudng Rd rtag, lich sy taxing thuong, bSo, xinh dpp Trii lfi, ngirdi Vi?t giao tilp li nhu clu mang tinh phi quit cfla cd tyc kitag khdng khen trd nhd vl sp ring ndi nhttng dilu tit dpp thi dfla ttd sS cic ngdn ngtt nudi VI v|y, tilng Vi?t, khen m$t dfla Ngoii U kitag ki hay dim bta Uch sy trd sinh /sinh lin li cich ndi thay thi cho giao tilp, uyin ngtt dditaxingnhihig ldn lin, to ra; nhifaig tft nhu bio, khoi, ddn^ trudng hpp mi ngudi ndi ho$c ngudi vl m?t yiu dupc thay bing li cic tft bu, ciing, de H nio dd cln long ghSpfliSmho$c giiu di ghlt, mdt Idp nghia phit ngdn dupc dl d) cic tinh ven biln Trung Bp, c?ng ding Ching hfn, ngon ngtt nio ctag cd nhftng ngu dta diu luu truyin nhiing truyen thuyet, uyin ngft dl thay thi cho "ngudi bi duli giai fliofi vl 6ng Nam Hdi - cich gpi khic vi?c" Tilng Vi?t cd uyin ngft tinh gidm biin cia Ci Voi Cit ISi cfta nhttngtaiiylnfliuylt chi Tilng Anh sS dtag surplus reduction in iy li vipc ci voi thudng cftu giflp ngudi b} personnel, involuntarily separated (thuyta nfn ngoii biln khoi cd sdng to gid ldn ehuyin khdng ty nguy?n, tinh giim nhta £>lng thdi, g$p ci Voi, ngu dta bao gid iyc) Tilng Hta cd uyin ngtt » t t (myc ctag dupc miia biln Tft thvrc tl vi dfle tin nudng) iy, ci Voi di trd fliinh m?t vi Phic Thin D$c diem ngdn ngii - vin hoi cfla ddi sing tim Unh cfla cu dta ven biln, dupc dta gian thinh klnh gpi lilng nhieu uyen ngii tilng Vi?t 2.1 Uyin ngtt ndi chung diu hlnh thinh danh xung tita trpng: Ong Khai, dng Ldng, nhu ciu phi quit li nhu ciu kiSng ki ling Siia, ling Nam Hdi Trong cic ddi vua nhung nhfhig dieu kitag ki mil cdng trilu Nguyin, cic milu thd ci 6ng diu dupc ding lfi khic Do viy, mli c^ng dong sic phong Ii Nam Hii Cy TOc Ngpc Lin sS cd nhttng phSp tiiay till mang tinh ritag Thupng Ding Thin Ci Voi chet dft vio bi?t Trong tilng Hin, chtt S ddn nghTa li bd gpi li 6ng /uv, nhta dtafliudngmang di So (238)-2015 N G N NGff & D d l S N G 77 chon cit, noi chdn cit gpi li Ldng ling, li ^a ngtt hota tota khic nhau, phy thuOc vta hOi clu ngu cdn cd nhihig tta gpi khic nhu khdng kbi vta hoi cia tflng cOng ding Ll hOi nghmh 6ng, Ll hpi ctag ci fing, Ll Chtag ta xdt trudng hpp uyen ngtt vl cii rudc cit fing, Ll nghhih fing Thu^ tudng, Ll chit Cd IS mOt nhfing noi sp hii vi im tl ci fing, Ll ctag fing, Ll ctag fing Nam inh ldn nhit vi liu ddi nhit cia ngudi li Hii cii chit Cii chit kdo theo nil sp hli vl ma Nhiing nghl cing cd nhilu rii ro cao, quy, thin linh vi nhilu hp qui khic Bdi v$y, nhilu khd khin, nguy hilm thi sS ctag cd cd thi ndi, dta tOc nta, ngdn ngtt nta ctag cd nhilu tyc kieng ki, vi tfl ngft kiSng ki ctag vi uyin ngft dl ndi vl cii chit Trong tilng Hta cd cic uyin ngft vl cii viy mi cing nhilu Nghl di diu (nghl khai thic ttim huomg vi kl nam) li mOt sl chit nhu: Bt.S!., ?f^ Ml, fiSklS, ± dd Vi v|y, nhiing ngudi "ng|m ngii tim Ji.% ± S , ± A S m , v.v [10; 61] Trong trim" s6 cd nhttng phdp thay thi nhu tilng Anh cd cic uyin ngtt pass away, be cgp/con hi till gpi li dng Ba, dng Tu, dng gone, go to the Heaven, go to meet the maker, niy, di tim cdy dd (lofi ciy cd tfo ttim huomg, k^ nam) thay bing di dgo, di diu thay be departed, be with the Jesus, to breathe bing di dn cda Ong Bd, hay phi one's last, to go to his reward to come to phich nSn phii gpi li hdn/khdi, voi Jestts (Gfkl/Heaven), to go over to the other dupc thay blng dng ZtJn side li cic uyin ngft ve cii chet Trong Thinh ngtt tilng Vi?t cd ciu: Khoi nhu tieng Hta, chit cd flil fliay flil bing ofL-fy vdm Vdm chinh li cich ndi thay thi cho voi, gilng nhu dng Ba muai thay the cho COR a(Da vl bta chia), (da vl Thita Quic) cgp/hi, dng Lit thay flil cho rdn diu cd Tilng Vi?t ctag cd rit nhilu cich dl bilu dft nguln glc hlnh thinh tii sy sp hai, kitag nl ve cii chit Bing Giang fliing kSttongtilng ciia cic cu dta Vi?t cl dli vdi nhttng loii Vi?t cd hon 1000 uyen ngft vl cii chit [I I]: v?t cd All gly nguy hilm MOt vi dy nfta, qtta ddi, khudt nui, trit hai tha cuii cimg, vi flieo phong tyc Vi?t Nam xua, sta phy mdi thi gidi bin ha, lin dudng theo ti tiln, nhim suih thudng khdng dem lfi may min, mdt xudi tay, lin tiin, an giic ngdn thu, quy viy, khdng dupc nim d nhi chinh mi phii tiin, hi sirih, thdc, di mdi mdi, vi ntri chin nim buing rieng, kin gid, buing suit, Ird thdnh ngudi thiln ci, trd vi vdi ait cd bip tiian cfli dl sudi Bdi viy, tilng Vi?t bui, Khdng chi cd sl lupng phone phi, uyin mdi cd nhftng uyin ngtt thay flil cho tft de ngtt cic ngdn ngtt cdn giong d nhu ndm i, ndm bip Thdng qua cic vi dy viia nSu, cd thi thiy cich tri nhta vl cii chet S.Haddad eho ring, rd rtag, uyin ngtt tilng Vi?t ed till eho tilng Anh, uyin ngtt vl cii chet dupc chtag ta nhttng tri thftc vl kitag ki, vl ddi hhih thinh thdng qua sy thay till cii chit vdi sing vta hoi, tin ngudng truyin fliing cia 16 phfm trfl khic nhau, gilng nhu 13 phfm tiii taxing tilng A 4p [14] Theo cich phta ngudi Vi?t 2.2 Bta chit eta uyin ngtt li mOt phdp tich tucmg ty nhung Ifi cd sy phta lofi khii fliay till Nhung khdng phii lflc nta cich quit hon, Dota Tiln Lye [7] cho ring, qua fliftc thay flie cic ngdn ngft diu gilng cich tfo vi sft dyng uyin ngtt vl cii chit, Khi xem xdt cic uyin ngtt hinh fliinh ngudi Vi?t thi hi?n sy tri nh$n cfla mhih vl blng phiicm| thftc in dy/hota dy, chtag tdi cii chit fliSng qua phfm tari: H? qui smh nhta ti>ly '^'S tall' i^ 'Oc lfi cd sy Ivra hpc cfla cii chit, chit li cuOe hinhtalnh,chit chpn sy vit/ lii?n tupmg dl In dy hoi thinh li din vdi cu$c sing hfnh phflc, chit li nghi X 78 NG6N NGff & Ddl S6NG ngoi, chit la mat mit Chtag tdi ctag nhit tri ring, sy tri nhta ve cii chet eta ngudi Vi?t vl CO bta tircmg dong vdi cic dta tpc khic Tuy nhien, sy tri nhta mang tinh quit, chtag tdi vin nhta thiy nhfing khic bipt bi chi phli bdi cic nhta tl vta hoi xi hoiriSngbi?t Xdt phfm tifl coi cii chit Ii mpi cupc/lanA trinh, dly Ii phfm trfl mang tinh phi quit, bdi viy, dOng tft di diu dupc dtag phi biln cic ngdn ngtt Tuy nhiSn, nhiing cuOc hinh trinh nhu thi tu moi cpng ding Ifi cd cic dilm din khic nhau: din Bit Bta Son, din ThiSn dudng, din Thita Quic Cdn ngudi Vi?t till lfi cd mOt dilm din rit d$c trung: di gdp (dng bd) td tiin, di gdp dng bd dng vdi Sy khic bi?t vl diem din niy ehinh li tin ngudng thd ctag tl tiSn cfla ngudi Vi?t quy dinh Dilm din cfla cuOe hinh trinh niy cdn hi Inh hirdng bdi nhfing tu tudng ton gita khic nhu Phit gita: di din cdi vinh hdng cdi cue Igc, trd vS cdt bui, inh hudng cfla Dfo gita: quy tien, lln tiln, vi cdi thiin thai Ngoii ra, tilng Vipt cdn cd hai uyin ngtt vl cii chit xuit pbit tft phong tvic tang ma ciia ngudi Vi?t, mfng d|m diu in vta boi dta tdc li bd chiiu vi dn xdi nghe kin MOt vi dy khic, tilng Vi?t, cym tft gdy gdnh/ dit gdnhlgOy gdnh Igi ddn triing/nOa dudng dil gdnh thudng dupc dtag dl chi nhiing ngudi phy ntt H hdn/bd chlng/ching bd/goi chlng Cd 16, mupn hlnh inh cii ddn ginh dl y ni?m hoi cho duySn phta cfla ngudi phy nft li die dilm rieng cd taxing vta boi Vi?t Nam Sau dly 11 vii vi dy khic so sinh giiia etah thflc Ivra chpn sy vit dl thay tfal uyin ngft tilng Vi?t vdi cic ngdn ngft khic dl lim rd thSm cho luta ^Im ciia chtag tdi Dl ndi vi?c flii ttupt, tilng Vi?t dtag vd chuli: trygt vd chtioi, tilng Hta dflng earth rong biin: - Di ta canh rong biln BO ph|n smh dye nam nft tilng Vi?t lfi dupc fliaytillbing dfi ttt cd bi, cdu bi, cdi qy, cdi dd cdn Hta dtag: - sd^con nghSu Sl8(238)-201S thay thi cho bp phta eiia ntt, - chiy gii binh tteok - thay thi cho b? phta cfla nam [12] Nhu cic ngta ngtt khic,tilngVi?tctag cd uyin ngtt dl hoft dOn^ bii tilt cfla ngudi; di ngodi, di ciu, di ding Giii fliich cho vi?c vl Ifi gpi la di ding di ciu flil id ring li phii dflng din nhihig tri thiic dta gian ngudi Vi?t Trong sl cic uyin ngtt vl lihh vyc niy, cd mpt uyen ngtt mi chtag tdi nhta thiy diy li mOt vl dy thfl vi Dd li uyin ngtt (bj) Tdo Thdo duii Tta Thta li mOt nhta vft ttong tilu fliuylt cl dfi Trang Quic, tilng Vi?t dua vta de y iii?m hoi cho uyin ngft klii tilng Trung thi khdng Hay nhu ndi vl quan h? giiia nam nfi, ngudi Vipt cd mOt uyin ngft "ta com tnrdc king" thay thi cho vi?c cd biu tnrdc klii cudi Sy vit dupc Ivra chpn de y ni?m hoi npi dyng ngft nghia efta uyin ngtt niy ctag phin inh nhffaig thdng tin "vta hoi" dOc dio Trudc dly, d miln Bic Vi?t Nam, dudi ch^ d? hpp tic xa, king li mOtflianhkim lofi, v6 qui bom dtag dl bta gid Di hpc, di lim, vta Idp, tan Idp, tan ca vi ci ta com ciing phii cd gid vi diu duprc bta hi?u bing king Chua cd ktag thi chua dupc lim, viy nSn mdi cd sy lita tudng vi fliay the cho vi?c chua cudiflilphai gitt ghittinhtilt Nhu Vfy, tinh ritag bi?t vi?c lya chpn sy vit, hita tupng, cichfliiicdlfliaythS taxing uyin ngtt cfla mli ngdn ngtt nS ring chiu sy chi phli cfla cic d|ctaxmgvta hoi dta tOc Nlu cln phii chuyin dich nhQng uyin ngtt nhuta:tasang ngdn ngtt khic, cd li chl ed thi tim mOt cich diln dft mang ngliia tuong ty, mi khdng flil chuyin dich tfl hrong duong Nh$n xdt Uyin ngtt ndi chung vi uyin ngtt ttong tilng Vi?t ndi ritag li mOt hi?n tupng ngSn ngtt, dd ngudi ndi tiinh sft dyng trvic tilp vl sy Vft, lii?n tupng cd till khiln nguiri nghe cim thiy sp hii, Iflngtaing,khd xfl, kbi chiu bing cich thay flil bing mOt sy v|it, hi?ii tupng khic Sy tin tfi cfla uyen ngtt ciing Sl8(238)-20I5 N G N NGff & Bin nhu nguySn nhta hhih fliinh uyin ngft li die diem mang tinh quit eta ngdn ngft Tuy nhien, eta die tnmg vta hoi xa hOi khic din din cich tu duyriSngbi?t moi cOng ding ngon ngtt vi vi viy di tfo nSn nhfing mdi trudng ngft nghTa hota tota khta cho uyin ngft Trong uyin ngft tilng ViSt, ed nhiing uyin ngtt dupc hinh thinh tft nhfing kieng ki mi eta dta tOc khic khdng cd Ctag cd nhifaig uyin ngtt dupc hlnh thinh tft phuomg thflc in dy, mi sy Ivia chpn cic sy vit, hita tupng dl y ni?m hoi Ifi phy thuOc vta d$c tnmg tri nhfn, tri thux: vta hoi mang tinh bta sic dta tOc Chinh vl viy, thdng qua tu li?u uyin ngtt, chtag ta cd ihl cdtiiSmnhttng khim phi vl cich tu duy, tri nli$n cung nhu nhftng die dilm vta hoi xi hdi efla chinh dta tOc mlnh S6NG 79 Ting thong My tu ndm 2002 din 2012, To Khoa hpe vi Cdng ngh?, Dfi hpc Di Ning, Sl (70).2013 Dmh Tipng Lfc (1999), Phong cdch hgc tiing Viet, Nxb Gita dye Lj Ltog (2011), Sg sdnh hiln tugng hing h tiing Hdn vd liing Viit, Luta vta Thfc si, DHKHXH&NV, DHQG Hi NOi Dota Tiln Lye (2012), % tri nhdn ve cdi chet cia ngudi Vilt qua uyin ngi, Tc Nghita curu vta hoi so 1,flitag9/2012 Dota Tiln Lye (2013), Vi phuang thic ciu tgo uyin ngi, Tc Ngdn ngtt Sl (285)/2013 10 Hotag VI Smh (2008), So sdnh sif hinh thdnh cdch diin dgt vi ti hing h ti vong tiing Trung vd tiing Vilt, Tc Nghita cflu Trung ()ulc, sl (85)/2008 11 Hi HOi Tita (2009), Khdo sdt ddc * Bdi bdo liin quan den ngi dung cua di tdi nhdn hd tro kinh phi cua Trung tdm Hd trg diim cua uyin ngi tiing Hdn vd cdch chuyin tiieh ching sang tiing Vilt, Luta vta Nghiin cuu chdu A, DHQG HN Thfc si, DHKHXH&NV, DHQG Hi NOi TAI LI$U THAM KHAO 12 Tnrong Vien (2003), Nghiin ciu Nguyin Vta Khang (2012), Ngdn uyin ngi tiing Anh vd viic chuyin ngU hgc xd hfi, NXb Gita dye Bfli Thi Ngpc Anh (2013), i)