Tái định cư và vấn đề thực hiện cho các dự án phát triển thủy điện.pdf

TAI DINH Cir VA VAN © E TH^TC HIEN CHO CAC D^T AN PHAT TRIEN THUY DIEN VU QUE HU'OnVG ' Tdm tdt: Nhiing nam gan day tgi Vif t Nam, van de tai djnh cu (TDC) cho cac dy an phat triln cang dugc cac to chiic quflc te va chinh quyen cac cap quan Iy quan tam nhim dam bao hai hoa giira Igi ich ciia quflc gia, chu diu tu vdi lgi ich cua nhihig ngudi bj anh hudng bdi du an Nhieu cflng ttinh nghien ciiu ve TDC dugc thyc hien da va dang gdp phin nang cao chat lugng cong tac TDC va xay dyng cac chinh sach TDC cho gan vdi thyc te hon Bai vilt dugc thyc hifn nham gdp phan xay dyi^ phyong phap luan ttong nghien ciiu TDC cho cac du an diu tu, phat ttien d Vift Nam ndi chung va cac dy an phat trien thiiy dien noi rieng RESETTLEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES IN HYDROELECTRIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECT Abtract: During recent years, m Vietaam, taere has been an increasing concern for the issue of resettlement in development project, which gains attentions of international organizations as well as centtal and local governments to ensure the harmonization of the benefits of the country, uivestors and those who are affected by the project A number of studies have been carried out with regards to the unprovement of resettlement affaus and building better resettlement policies This paper is provided in order to contribute to the building of methodology in researchmg on resettlement in investment and development project m Vietnam and hydro electtonic projects particularly Sat van de Tir nhiing nam cuoi ciia the ky XX cho den nay, Viet Nam da tien hanh hang loat dy an mdi ve thiiy difn phuc vu cho sy phat ttien nin kinh te dit nudc Dl cd mat blng xay dyng cac cflng ttinh, cfing tac tai djnh cu (TDC) dugc xac dinh la mpt phan vifc quan ttgng ttong moi du an Kinh nghiem thuc te cho thay, van de TDC cho cac dy an neu khong dygc quan tam diing miic se la nguyen nhan Iam cham tte tien dp ciia nhieu cfing ttinh va de lgi nhimg hau qua xau vl kinh te xa hpi Vi vgy, vin dl TDC cho cac dy an cang dugc cac tfi chiic qufic te va chinh quyen cac cap quan ly chii ttgng dau tu nghien ciiu Cac ket qua nghien ciru budc diu da va dang gop phan quan ttgng ttong viec nang cao chat lugng cong tac TDC va xay dyng cac chinh sach TDC cho gan hon vdi thyc te nh3m dam bao hai hoa giira lgi ich cua Nha nudc, chii dau tu vdi lgi ich cua nhiing ngudi bi anh hudng bdi dy an TDC va TDC cho cac dy an phat triln thiiy dien 2.L Tdi dinh cir Thuat ngii TDC dugc diing kha bien d Viet Nam nhiing nam gin day, ca nudc dang tap trung vao cfing cugc xay dung va phat triln kinh te TDC la mgt van dl kmh te - xa hpi CO lien quan true tiep den nhilu liiih vyc ddi song ciia ngydi cho nen quan niem ve TDC rat phiic tgp Ve co ban, thuat ngu: TDC dugc sii dung theo nghia h?p va nghTa rfing Theo nghia hep, TDC gan lien vdi "di ddi" hay noi each khae la hinh thiic di dan TDC va CO nhieu quan nifm khae bift vl thuat ngii Trong ttr dien Tilng Vift, TDC la viec dua ngudi ve sinh song Igi nai hg da timg bd ' TS Vu Qui Hutmg, Vt§n Oia II nhfln VSn 29 Illl Tap chi nghiin cu'u Dja ly nhan van, so (7)- Thing12l2014 Theo dinh nghTa tten, khai niem TDC gan lien vdi "di ddi" nhung lai bd hep bdi quan nifm ngudi di ddi phai "ve sinh sfing tai nai hg timg bo di" Quan nifm ve TDC tten chi phu hgp ndi ve cac chuong ttinh TDC dua nhiing ngudi ti ngn ttd ve dat nudc hp da di Npi dung djnh nghia ciing cdn hgn che vi chua de cgp tdi: (i) nhimg ngudi bufic phai xay dyng lgi nha cira tten chinh manh dit cua hg sau bj anh huomg bdi tham hpa ty nhien (nhu bao lii, hda hgn, dpng dat ) Vdi nhom ngudi nay, dii khong phai "di ddi" nhung hp van phai TDC, fin dinh cugc sfing mdi (ii) nhiing ngudi phai "di ddi" noi cu trii den sinh song mfit nai khae vi cac ly khach quan va chu quan nhung khflng quay ttd ve "sinh sfing tgi nai hg tung bd" Mgt sfi nha nghien ciiu dy an cho rang: "TDC dugc hieu la ngudi phai tgo dyng Igi cugc song mdi sau phai di ddi noi cu tni cii" Quan nifm phii hgp vdi nhiing trudng hgp phai di dan TDC bit huge dl nhuong mgt bang cho cac dy an phat ttiln Djnh nghTa tten khong bd hep d quan dilm ngudi di ddi phai quay ve nai d cii Tuy nhien, trudng hgp ngudi bj anh huong (BAH) bdi dy an phai xay dyng lgi nha cua hay no: each khae la TDC tten chinh manh dit cii Iai chua dugc tinh din Trong hf thong phap lugt Vift Nam, khai nifm TDC khfing dugc giai thich rfi rang nhung cd nhieu vSn ban van quy djnh vl Tpc Nfli dung cac van ban cd thi khai quat rang, TDC la vifc bfl tti cho d mdi cho ngudi bj thu hoi dat ma khfing cdn chfi d nao khae ttong pham vi cap xa noi cd dit bj thu hfii va phai di chuyen cho d Tir quan nifm TDC theo nghTa hep dugc ttmh bay d tten, ve co ban co thi phan lam 02 hinh thuc TDC: (i) TDC tuphdt la mmi cau cugc song ma cong dfing hoae ngudi dan rdi bo noi cu ttii cu va tu sip xip fin djnh cupc sfing d mgt noi khae Day thyc chit la hmh thuc di dan TDC ty do, cd thi dien Ie te d moi ca nhan hay ciing cd thi theo trao luu (lan sdng di cu) (ii) TDC bdt buQc la 30 vifc ngudi dan bi tnmg dyng dat dai va phai di dan TDC bit bufic dl phuc vu cho myc tieu quy hogch hogc nhudng mgt bang cho cac dy an phat ttien Hau het cac qufic gia tten the gidi deu xac lap quyen uu tien ciia Nha nudc ttong vifc thu hoi dat de thyc hien cfing tac quy hoach va cac dy an phat trien vi lgi ich qufic gia Theo nghia rong, TDC mgt van de kinh t6 - xa hfli rat phirc tgp va npi ham cua khai nifm cd su khae biet giiia cac ITnh vuc, chuyen nganh Cac nha quy hogch thi quan nifm TDC khfing chi la viec di dan, hfi ttg boi thuong giai tda ma la mgt ITnh vyc phat ttiln thi Trong do, lay myc tieu phat trien dfing bg cua cac khu dan cu, tang sfi lugng va chiu^ loai cua quy nha de dap img mgi nhu ciu vl tai dinh cu Viec cai tgo tai chfi dfi thi ciing thupc ITnh vuc TDC cho nen cac dy an cai tao dfi thi la cac du an da nganh cgng dong dan cu tgi cho tryc tiep tham gia quylt djnh Phat triln dfi thj thyc chit la qua trinh tai dinh cu, vifc quan ly phat ttiln cac khu thi mdi co y nghTa quyet dinh tdi chinh sach tai djnh cu Doi vdi cac nha nghien ciiu xay dung du an diu ttr/phat triln, thuat ngir TDC dupe hieu theo nghia rfing \k bao ham tit ca nhiing thif t hgi tryc tilp vl kmh te va xS hpi gay bdi viec thu hfii dit va hgn chl sy tilp can, ciing vdi nhiing bifn phap din bii va sira chira TDC khfing han chl d su di ddi ve mat vat chat TDC tiiy thu^c vao timg trudng hgp cu the, CO thi bao gdm (a) thu hfii dit va cac cong trinh tten dit, gflm ca vifc kmh doanh, bufin ban; (b) sy di ddi vl mat vat chit; va (c) sy khfii phyc kmh te cua nhiing ngudi hi anh hudng nham cai thien hoae phuc h^i thu nhap va miic sfing 2.2, Tdidfnh ciecho cdc d^ dn phdt trien Ngudi bj anh hudng la doi tugng nghien ciiu cua TDC ttong cac du an dau tu/phat ttiln Vi vgy, trudc di sau vao khai nifm TDC cho cac dy an phat ttiln cin hilu khai nifm ve ngudi bi anh huong bdi cac dy an VQ Que Htromg - Tii dinh cw vi vin de thirc hien, Thuat ngG ngudi bi dnh hudng (dugc giai thich va sir dyng Tai lifu OP 4.12 cua Ngan hang The gidi - WB) la bat ky ca nhan, hp gia dmh, cong ty, tfi chiic tu nhan va Nha nudc nao co nhiing thay dfli bit ngufln tir dy an ma se (i) anh huong xau tdi miic sfing ciia hp; (ii) quyen, quyen sd hiiu hogc quyen lgi ve nha d, dit dai (bao gfim dat d, dat thucmg mgi, dat nfing nghiep, dat rung va/hoac dfing cd), tai nguyen nudc hay bat cii tai san cfi djnh hogc luu dpng nao khae bi thu hdi, liy di, han che ho^c hi anh hudng, toan bg hogc mfit phan, vmh vien hoae tgm thdi; va/hoac (iii) viec kinh doanh, cfing viec, noi lam vifc hoae cu ngy hogc mfii trudng sflng bi anh huong, phai di ddi hogc khfing Mfit ngudi/hogc tfi chiic cd the la mpt ngudi bj anh hudng, tham chi neu sinh song hoae lam vifc hogc dieu hanh cira hang hay cfing vifc kmh doanh khae ben ngoai khu vyc dy an Dieu kien nhat la ngudi hogc to chiic bi anh huong bat Igi bdi bat ky khia cgnh nao ciia dy an (WB, Bp kl hoach diu tu - 2004) Trong cac dy an phat ttien, vdi ddi tugng la ngudi bi anh huong bdi du an, thuat ngii TDC dugc hieu taeo ca nghTa h?p va rfing Theo nghia h?p, TDC la sy di ddi ngudi bj anh hudng khdi noi d/hogc kinh doanh den vi tti khae de nhudng mat bang cho vifc thuc hifn dy an Day la qua ttinh di dan TDC bat budc de tnmg dyng dat dai vi lgi ich quoc gia, dan den sy thay doi vat chat va ddi sfing ciia ngudi BAH bdi du an Trong hau het cac bao cao nghien ciiu cua nhihig du an phat ttien dugc tai ttg bdi WB hogc ADB, khai niem TDC dugc ttinh bay kha thflng nhat ve npi dung Theo quan niem nay, vdi dfii tugng la nhiing ngudi phai di ddi bit bugc c^c dy an, co thi chia lam mpt so logi hinh di dan TDC - C5n Cli vao thai dp ciia ngudi BAH phai di dan TDC ttong cac du dn, cd the chia Iam 02 hmh thuc TDC sau; (i) TDC tu nguyf n la tten CO sd thfing nhdt giiia ngudi bi dnh huong va chii dau tu, ngudi dan tu nguyf n di chuyin TDC can blng Igi ich giiia cac ben dat dugc; (ii) TDC cuong biic la bupc phai di ddi nhiing ngudi BAH nhung chua dugc sy dflng thuan ciia hg Nhieu trudng hgp khfing kien quyet da gay ach tic cho diu tu phat trien - Can cii vao hinh thirc di cu, cd thi chia lam 02 loai: (i) di dan TDC tap ttung la hinh thiic di dan TDC theo quy hogch cua dy an TDC, dugc tayc hifn d hau het cac du an diu tu/phat ttien Thuan Igi cua cac khu TDC tgp tnmg la co sd hg ting dupe dau tu xay dyng dfing bfl, cong tac quan ly dl dang va tilt kiem vfin dau tu Tuy nhien, vifc tim kilm dja dilm dl xay dyng khu TDC la rit khd khan vi hau het cac dja phuong thilu quy dit phii hgp, dac bift la dfii vdi dat san xuat nfing nghiep; (ii) di dan TDC xen ghep la hinh thuc di dan co thi dugc thuc hifn theo kl hogch cua du an hogc thfing qua mdi quen biet hp hang, ngudi than, ban be dh ngudi BAH tu thyc hien vifc di chuyen Hinh thirc di dan xen ghep thudng dugc thyc hien ttong cac dy an CO quy mo vira va nho, sfi ngudi phai di ddi it Thugn lgi ciia hinh thiic di dan TDC la co the giam ap lye ve bo tri dit dai niu vgn dgng dupe cflng dfing noi din chuyin nhugng dat san xuat va ngudi dan TDC dugc su tuang ttg, giiip dd tir chinh quyen, epng dfing tgi cho mdi den Tuy nhien, tten thyc te d mgt sd dy an vifc thuc hifn hinh thirc cdn khd khan ca sd hg ting d cac noi den chua hoan thifn va dfing bp, vifc van dpng dan tgi cho chuyen nhugng dit san xuit kho khan, hoa dong vao sinh hoat van hoa giiia cac nhdm cgng dfing ddi hdi thdi gian dai Theo nghia rpng, TDC dugc hilu la toan bg cfing vifc vl TDC dupe thyc hifn ttong dy an va npi ham cua nd ciong dugc dl cgp d phin tren Cy thi, theo Phgm Mdng Hoa va Lam Mai Lan (2000), "TDC mpt m^t dugc hilu theo nghia rfing la mpi anh hudng, tac dpng tdi tai san va tdi cugc sfing ciia nhiing ngudi mit tai san va/ho5c ngufln thu nhap dy an phat ttien gay ra, bit kl hg cd phii di chuyin hay khdng"; hay "dudi goc dp chinh 31 Tap chi nghien ciru Dja t^nhan vin, so (7)- Thing 1212014 sach, tai djnh cu can dugc hieu la ca qua ttinh tir den bii cho cac tai san bi thift hai den cac bifn phap hfl ttg di chuyen ttong trudng hgp hg phai di chuyen va cuoi cimg la toan bg cac chuong trinh, bien phap nhim giup nhiing ngudi bj anh hudng khoi phuc lgi ddi sflng va ngufln thu nhap" Tir quan nifm ve TDC cho cac du an phat ttien theo nghTa rflng, viec phan logi cfing tac TDC cho cac dy an tap trung mflt so khia canh sau: - Phan logi can cir theo npi dung cfing vifc ve TDC can thyc hien ttong moi dy an Trong tat ca cac giai doan thyc hifn dy an, nfii dung cfing tac TDC thudng tap trung mpt sfi van de chinh nhu sau: cac van de lien quan den chinh sach vT mfi ve TDC, cfing tac bli thudng den bii, cfing tac lya chgn dja diem TDC, cfing tac quy hogch TDC, van de to chiic di dan TDC, cac chinh sach bfii thudng va ho ttg cua dy an, van de sinh ke va cugc s6ng sau TDC, trach nhifm va phfii hgp cua cac ben cfi lien quan de tayc hifn cong tac TDC cua dy an - Phan logi c5n cit theo quy trinh thyc hifn cfing tac TDC cho moi dy an Cflng tac TDC cho moi dy an deu dugc thyc hifn song hanh vdi quy ttinh tayc hifn du an, ve ca ban bao gfim 05 giai dogn la: nghien ciiu tien kha tai; nghien ciiu kha thi; giai dogn tham djnh va phe duyet; giai doan thuc thi du an; giai dogn phyc hfii va sinh ke Ve chi tiet moi giai dogn se dugc trinh bay d muc dudi - Phan loai can cii vao miic anh hudng boi dy an, vdi dfii tugng la ngudi BAH, co thi chia lam 02 logi la: nhdm ngudi BAH ndng va nhe - Phan Ioai theo loai hmh BAH bdi du an cfi the chia rat nhieu loai nhu: hg TDC, hg mat dat san xuat, hfl mat nha d, hfl mat tai san vat kien tnie, hg mat hoa mau Nhu vgy, ttong cac du an phat trien, thuat ngii TDC dugc hieu taeo ca nghTa rgng va nghTa h?p Theo nghia h?p la qua ttinh di chuyen ngudi dan den nai d mdi de nhudng 32 mat blng xay dyng cac cflng trinh phuc vy cho muc tieu phat ttiln hay gpi la qua ttmh di dan TDC Day la hinh thirc di cu bit huge keo theo nhihig thay doi ve vifc lam, sinh kl, dilu kifn song, mfii quan he lang giing, sy tilp can vdi cac djch vu ky thuat va xa hpi, cua ngudi di cu va cfing dflng tiep nhan Theo nghia rpng la toan bp cac cfing vifc lien quan den van de TDC, nhiing anh hudng tac dfing din ddi sfing cua ngudi dan bj mit tai san va ngufln thu nhap qua ttinh phat ttiln dy an gay ra, bat ke cd phai di chuyin hay khfing va cac chuang ttmh nham khfii phyc cupc sflng cua hp Tai dinh cu bao ham ca vifc tayc hien chinh sach bfii thudng thift hgi tau hfii dat 2.3 TBC cdc dir dn phdt trien thuy dien Trong thuc te, nhimg dy an phat ttien thuy difn la mpt logl hinh cua cac dy an dau tu/phat ttien cho nen npi dung ciia cac khai nifm va su phan loai giiia chung ciing hoan toan gifing ve nguyen tic Nhu vgy, TDC cho cac dy an phat trien thuy difn dugc hieu theo nghTa h?p la vifc tao dyng lgi cugc sfing mdi cho ngudi BAH bupc phai di ddi dl nhuong mat bang xay dyng cong trinh thuy difn phyc vy muc tieu phat ttiln kinh tl dit nudc Theo nghia rpng, TDC cho cac dy an phat ttien thuy difn duoc hilu la tit ca nhiing thiet hgi tryc tiep ve kinh tl va xa hpi gay bdi vifc thu hoi dat va hgn che sy tilp can, cimg vdi nhung chinh sach bfii thudng thiet hai thu hdi dat va cac chuang ttinh nhim khfii phyc cugc sdng/san xuit ciia nhiing ngudi bi anh hudng bdi dy an tauy difn bit ke hg cd di chuyin hay khfing Day la viec thyc hifn toan bp cac ndi dung vl TDC cho cac dy an phat triln da dygc dl cap d tren Tuy nhien, dgc tnmg ciia cac dy an thuy difn, CO mfit sfi dilm khae biet vl dfii tugng BAH, cac logi hinh TDC ciing nhu cfing tac phfii hgp thuc hien Trong cac dy an thuy difn, ngudi BAH tryc tiep bdi dy an cd thi la nhimg ngydi nhudng cho cho xay dyng cac cfing trinh ddp thuy difn, hfi chiia, dudng dan, khu va Que Hipong - Tii djnh cir va van de thyc hiin TDC/djnhcanh, Vifc di dan TDC dl xay dyng thiiy difn thudng dugc triln khai taeo 03 hmh taiic chinh la: (i) Di ddn tap trung la hinh taiic di dan TDC theo quy hogch ciia dy an TDC, dugc tayc hifn d hiu hit cac du an xay dyng thiiy difn vira va Ion (ii) Di ddn xen ghep la hinh thiJC di dan cfi thi dugc thyc hifn taeo ke hogch cua du an hoae thdng qua mdi quen biSt hg hang, ngudi than, hgn be dl ty tayc hien vifc di chuyin va (iii) Di ven ddn tai cho la loai hinh TDC chl di chuyin noi d len tten cao ttmh ngap cua hfi chiia nudc, la hinh thiic di dan TDC chi cd ttong cac dy an phat ttiln tauy lgi, tauy difn Logi hinh di dan cd uu tae la khong phdi di chuyin xa va co tai tan dyng dugc mpt sfi hogt dflng kmh tl khflng bi dnh hudng nggp ldng ho, nhung cung de Iai nhilu vin dl hdu TDC nhu gay dp luc ve thieu co sd tang, nhimg vin Ah ve mdi trudng Quy trinh thyc hifn TDC cac dy an phat trien thuy difn D I thyc hifn tflt cdng tac TDC, cin nim ro quy trinh thuc hifn moi giai dogn, khfli lugng cfing vifc, ddnh gia dugc mu:c dnh hudng ciia dy dn ve mat kinh te - xa hpi, tmh todn va udc lugng chi phi lgi ich trudc tien hanh dy an, Cflng tdc TDC cho cdc dy an thudng dugc thyc hifn ttong mpt tadi gian dai song hanh cimg vdi tien dp tayc hien dy dn d timg giai dogn Tgi moi giai dogn thyc hifn dy an, ngi dung ve TDC lgi co yeu cau khae Ve ca ban, quy trinh tayc hifn cdng tac TDCttong.cdc dy dn va dy an thiiy difn song hanh cimg vdi tien dp thyc hifn dy dn, gfim cdc budc sau: Giai dogn 1: Nghien cuu tien khd thi Trong giai dogn nay, ket qua nghien ciiu nham phuc vy viec lap bdo cdo tien kha thi dy dn Giai dogn dygc thyc hifn cimg vdi vifc thiet kS so bp cdng trirta cua dy an Ddi vdi TDC, npi dung cfing vifc ciia giai doan bao gom: xdc dinh quy md anh hudng va danh gia thift hgi theo cac phuong dn xay dung cdng ttinh dy kien; nghien ciiu phuong dn gidm thieu taiet hai ve kirta te-xa hpi va mfii trudng; nghien ciru va de xuat dia ban bo tti TDC (neu can); tinh todn so bg rtau cau vdn cho cfing tdc TDC ciia du an d mfli hang muc dau tu; tadng bdo dy an cho chinh quyen dia phuong co dy dn va ngudi bi anh huong (quy mo, vj tti, cdc phuang an du kien, nhiing tdc dgng cd the gay d khia cgnh TDC) Giai dogn 2: Nghien cuu khd thi N ^ e n ciiu khd tai dugc tiln hanh sau da CO ddnh gia tich cue tir cdc co quan chiic nang vl dy an tir ket qud nghien cihi tien kha thi Giai doan dugc tayc hifn cimg vdi vifc thiet ke ky tauat cdng trinh ciia du an Cfing tac nghien ciru ve TDC cua giai doan dugc tayc hifn cy the tgi vimg dy an, ngi dung bao gfim: (i) ddnh gia thift hgi taeo quy mfi dy an diu tu dugc phe duyet taeo cac hgng muc; (ii) nghien ciiu quy mfi, vj tti, dja diem, so lugng cdc dilm TDC, va phuang an xay dung ca sd hg ting ky thugt va quy hoach phyc hfii tau nhap cho timg khu TDC; (iii) nghien ciiu dh xuat chinh sdch bfii thudng taiet hai va din bu, phuang dn di chuyen dan cu phii hgp vdi dac dilm, tgp quan, nguyfn vpng cua noi di/noi din; (Iv) tuyen truyen ve dy dn; va (v) udc lugng tflng miic dau tu cdc hang myc bfii thudng, den bii, hfi ttg, TDC va cong tdc gidm sdt TDC theo cdc phuang an da lya chgn Kit qud nghien ciiu cua giai doan se phuc vu cho cfing tac lap quy hogch tong tai vl TDC Giai dogn 3: Thdm dinh vd phe duy$t dir dn Sau giai dogn nghien ciiu kha tai, cong tdc "lap, tham djnh vd phe duyft dy dn" se dugc tien hanh Muc tieu chinh cua giai dogn la lya chgn mgt phuong an thich hgp dl xay dyng cfing ttinh tir kit qua nghien ciiu kha thi Ngodi ra, nhiing y kien dong gdp ciia cdc CO quan cfi lien quan cho dy dn cilng dygc ghi nhan va tilp tyc chmh sita ttudc tilri hdnh dy dn Ndi dung TDC cua giai doan bao gdm: lap, thim djnh, duyet phuong an tdng tai dugc lua chpn ve bfii thudng ho ttg 33 Tap chi nghien cu'u Dja ly nhan vin, so (7)- va TDC; cflng bo chii truong tau hoi dit va di dan TDC theo quy hogch, dy an diu tu xay dung cfing triiih (myen truyin, phfi bien tafing tin ve du dn) Giai dogn 4: Thuc hien die dn Sau da cd kit qua phuong dn lya chgn, dy an se bydc vao giai dogn tayc hien Trong giai doan nay, cflng tdc tailt ke chi tiet cdng trinh dy dn dugc tiln hanh theo phuang an da dugc tham dinh phe duyft Sau hoan cflng tac tailt ke chi tilt, vifc xay dyng cfing ttinh se dugc tien hanh sau hoan taanh cflng tac di dan, giai phdng mat blng Niiiem vu ciia TDC ttong giai dogn la lap phuong dn bfii thudng hfi ttg TDC chi tiet taeo quy hoach dy dn va khu TDC, cu the cac budc sau: (i) lap, tham djnh/phe duyft phuang dn bfii thudng hd ttg va TDC chi tiet; (ii) lap hgi dfing ho ttg va TDC; (iii) liy y kien, cdng khai phuong an bfii thudng hfi ttg va TDC: niem yIt cflng khai va giti quyet djnh boi thudng ho ttg va TDC cho ngudi co dit bi tau hfli; (iv) xay dung khu TDC/dinh canh; (v) thuc hien phuang an bfli thudng hfi ttg va TDC, bao gfim cdc vifc sau: chi tta tiln bfii taudng/den bii/ho trg cho ngudi bi anh hudng vd cd cgng ddng tiep nhan; ban giao dit bi thu hoi; ttien khai giao dat, giao nhd d; di chuyen dan den diem TDC sau chii dau tu da xay dyng day du cdc cdng ttinh hg ting thiet yeu, dam bao dii dat san xuat, nudc san xuat va sinh hoat cho hfl TDC; cap giay chimg nhan quyen su dung dat, nha d cho cac hg dan TDC; gidm sat vifc din bii/bfii thudng/ho ttg/TDC va van de sinh kl vdi ngudi hi dnh huong Thing12l2014 Giai dogn 5: Phuc hdi ddi sdng vd sinh ki Tiiy miic dg anh hudng cua moi dy an ma cflng vifc se dugc tayc hien ttong bao lau Dfii vdi du dn co sfi lugng ngudi bi anh hudng ldn vd di chuyin nhieu, viec phuc hoi ddi sfing va sinh ke dugc tayc hifn tir giai doan tien hanh dy an va keo dai sau cdng ttmh da xay dyng xong v l co ban, npi dung gflm cac viec sau; to chirc tayc hifn cflng tac khuyin nfing, khuyen lam, khuyin ngu cho ngudi bi anh huong; thyc hifn cac chmh sach hd ttg khae dl ngydi dan sdm on dinh ddi sflng, phat ttien san xuat; gidi quyet vudng mlc, khd khan ve san xuat, dieu kien song cho cdc hg TDC ttong tadi gian diu din dinh cu d noi mdi; nghien ciiu, Iflng ghep cac chuang ttinh, dy dn hifn cd tten dia ban de diu tu phdt ttien kinh te - xa hfli; ddnh gia cac tdc dgng ciia dy an vdi ngudi dan/cpng dfing bj dnh hufifng boi dy dn va kien nghj ve cac chinh sdch vdi co quan cd tham quyln neu can thiet Tgi Viet Nam hien nay, quy trmh thuc hien TDC cho cac dy an thiiy difn ve co ban cung bao gom cdc budc nhung ttong qui ttinh thuc hifn cdn nhieu bat cap Tinh ttgng phfi bien nhat Id thu hoi dat nhung chua dupe den bii day dii hay di dan tdi khu TDC chua dong bg ve hg ting co sd Nhung bat cap khiln di dan TDC ttong cdc du dn thiiy difn da trd van de bite xuc cua xa hpi Vi vay, de thyc hien cdc dy dn TDC cho cae du an tauy dien cd hifu qua, vifc ket hgp giiia ly luan vd tayc tien thflng qua cac chuang ttinh tu van, kien nghj chinh sach la het siic can thiet ttong thdi gian tdi./ TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Cong ty lu^t FDVN, °VS n^i hitm cua mqt s6 khhi ni$m Lu$t Bat dai", www.fdvn.vn Ngan h^ng ph^t triln Chau A (ADB), (2006), "Cam nang ve T^i dinh cw-Hu6ng din thyc hhnh" Ngan h^ng till giAi tgi Viet Nam, Bp 1(1 hoach d i u ty (2004), 'Chinh sSch an toan xS hgi cua Ngin hAng The gidi", Nha xuit ban-thing ke, 2004 Ph9m IW$ng Hoa, Lim Mai Lan (2000), "T6i (fmh cu cic di/in phit trien", NhS x u l t ban KHXH, 2000 Vi|n tif vln phit triln - CODE (2010) B i o cao nghifin CLKU 'Di dan TBC, 6n dtnh cu^c s6ng vi bio v$ tii nguy§n mdi tnfe/ng d cic d y in thuy di0n Vi$t Nam" The World Bank (2009), Policy Note on Improving Land Acquisition and Voluntary Land Conversion in Vietnam 34 ... khai quat rang, TDC la vifc bfl tti cho d mdi cho ngudi bj thu hoi dat ma khfing cdn chfi d nao khae ttong pham vi cap xa noi cd dit bj thu hfii va phai di chuyen cho d Tir quan nifm TDC theo nghTa... dy an cho rang: "TDC dugc hieu la ngudi phai tgo dyng Igi cugc song mdi sau phai di ddi noi cu tni cii" Quan nifm phii hgp vdi nhiing trudng hgp phai di dan TDC bit huge dl nhuong mgt bang cho. .. vifc ngudi dan bi tnmg dyng dat dai va phai di dan TDC bit bufic dl phuc vu cho myc tieu quy hogch hogc nhudng mgt bang cho cac dy an phat ttien Hau het cac qufic gia tten the gidi deu xac lap quyen