Nền tảng tinh thần của xã hội.pdf

Nhan kj niem lan IhiJ 194 Ngay sinh Ph.Ang-ghen (28-11-1820 - 2B- i i-ZO it) NWi TAl>fG TINH TuAlS TRAN XUAN DINH c I d thl ndi ring hlu nhu chi cd Mac va • tdi la nhflng ngfldi da Veflu^ phep t bidn chflng tfl giic thoit khdi tridt hge tim Dflc va dua nd vio quan nidm vit vl tu nhidn va lich sfl""*, Ph.Ang-ghen da vid't nhu thd Idi md diu cudn but chidn vdi nhi tridt hgc Duy-rinh Ph.Angghen vi CMac la ddng tie gia sang tao chu nghia cdng san khoa hgc Tuy viy hai dng vin luu y hiu thd rang hgc thuyd't cua cac dng khdng phai la nhflng chin ly bi't bidn, vinh eflu, cudi cung ma chi dat nhung vidn gach diu tidn cho qui trinh tidp theo nhim nghidn cfln, sang tao xiy dung mdt xa hdi tdt dep cang xflng dang vdi Con Ngudi "Nhiing vidn gach" diu tidn iy chinh la nhflng tu tudng Idn cua cic dng vln dang ddng gdp vao ddng chay vin hda chung eua loai ngudi Vin hda Iai la nln tang tinh thin cua xa hgi Ky nidm lln thfl 194 sinh cfla Ph.Ang-ghen Dang ta dang chuln bi du thao cac van kidn Dai hdi Xiy dung D^ngsd 11-2014 Trgng n h ^ manh: cln sat thflc tien hon, bao dam ydu clu ddi mdi, neu rd dugc muc tidu, nhiing nhidm vu trgng tim, CO ban nhit va bao dam sy thdng nhit cao toan Dang, toan din Phai xuit phit tfl thyc tidn - dd la chi din quan trgng cua Ph.Ang-ghen, mgt chi dan ^dt phdt tit thuc tiin vin dang ndng hdi tinh thdi Thuc tidn la tidu chuln, la su, cin phai coi la nguydn tic thudc su dung din moi vide soan thao cic van chfl truong, dudng ldi cua bit ban chinh tri cua Dang ta ky dang cim quyln nao Khi dang nhit cim quyln ban vl xiy dung chu nghia Chi cd nhu viy mdi chuln hi cdng san, C.Mac va Ph.Ang- dugc nhflng vin kidn dung ghen nhih manh: "Dd'i vdi dan, tfl dd tao dugc su ddng chung ta, chu nghia cdng san thuin cao Dang va khdng phai la mdt trang thdi nhin din Chi cd nhU cin phai sing tao ra, khdng viy thi y Ddng mdi cd thl phai la mdt ly tudng mi hidn ddng thdi la ldng ddn thuc phai khudn theo Chung Cdn cd thdi dUng ddi ta ggi chu nghia cdng san la vdi cdc nguyen ly ly luan mdt phong trao hien thuc, nd truyin thdng xda bd trang thii hidn Ph.Ang-ghen Ii ngudi dIu Nhung dilu kidn cua phong tidn lich sfl phu dinh trio iy la kd't qua cua nhiing quan nidm vl chin ly vinh tiln dl hidn dang tdn tai""' cflu Ong cho ring cd nhftng Chi dao Tilu ban xiy nguydn Iy Iy luin vl chinh dung du thao vin kidn Dai tri, nha nudc, td chflc xa hdi XII cfla Dang, ddng chi hdi d mdt thdi dilm nhit Tdng Bl thu Nguyen Phfl dinh la dflng, thim chi li XII, xin ndu miy luin dilm cua dng cung vdi su vin dung sing tao, miu muc cua Hd Chi Minh, nd vin dang thuc su la nhflng hat nggc kho tang vin hda cfla nhin Ioai, ri't cln coi la "ndn tang tinh thin" cua Dang va xa hdi ta giai doan hidn LY L U A N - THlTC TliN - KINH NGHlfiM nhit dflng Nhung thd gidi la van ddng, Ii bidn ddi khdng ngiing, ma vin ddng va bid'n ddi lai chinh la ydu td quydt dinh sy tdn tai vi phit triln cua mgi su vit, hidn tugng Cho nen, "6 diy sy nhin thflc Ii CO ban, vi nd chi gidi han vide lam sing td nhftng mdi lien hd va nhflng hiu qua cia mdt sd hinh thflc xa hdi vi nha nfldc chi tdn tai vio mdt thdi gian nhi't dinh d nhftng din tdc nhit dinh, vi xet theo ban chit thi cd tinh chit nhit thdi Vi viy, linh Vflc ke nao di tim nhftng chin ly tuydt dinh cudi cung, nhiing chin ly thyc sy, ndi chung khdng bidn ddi, thi ke dd se chang kidm dugc Ii bao, ngoii nhftng dilu nhat nheo va nhftng didu nham tai Ioai tdi nhit "'" Ph.Ang-ghen da chi rang trinh dd ngiy da bao quit dugc mdt khdi lugng nhin thflc to Idn, ddi hdi mdt sy chuydn mdn nghien cflu rit siu va vdi mdt thai dd nghidm tuc, tdn trgng thd gidi khich quan, khdng duge bao thu, giao dilu Ong cho ring cac nguydn ly da cd, da tflng dugc tdn sung khdng phai mai mai dung: "Ke nao dem vin dung tidu chuln cua mdt chin Iy thit sy, bit bidn, tuydt dd'i cudi cilng thi ke dd chi chflng td sy ngu dd't va thidu hilu bidt cua ban thin "'''* Do dd dng khang dinh: "Khdng thay ddi Tuy nhidn "Tuydn phai gidi ty nhidn vi loai ngdn" li mdt tai Iidu lich stt ngudi phai phfl hgp vdi cac ma khdng cd quydn sfla nguyen Iy, ma trai lai cic lai""^' nguydn Iy chi dung Ho Chi Minh, ngucri cgng chflng muc chung phu hgp sdn Viet Nam ddu tiin neu vdi gidi tu nhidn va Iich sii"'^ tdm gucmg sdng ve su trung C.Mic va Ph.Ang-ghen da thdnh vdi Chu nghia Mdcndu tim guong miu muc cho Lenin, nhung Ngudi khdng hiu thd bing sy dung cam tu gido dieu, bdo thu, cd ddi phu dinh mdt sd dilm quan kiin tri dUng cdm bdm sdt trgng chinh minh sing thuc tiin de sdng tgo tao "Tuydn ngdn Dgc lai Iich sfl Dang ta, cua Dang Cdng san" mac cang suy ngim, cing th&n diu nd da dugc Qudc te I thia toan bd qua trinh Ianh thfla nhin, coi la Cflong Iinh dao each mang cua Dang, diu tidn cua nhung ngudi dflng diu li Chu tieh Hd Chi cdng san trdn toin thd gidi, Minh, trfldc nhflng khd khan, nd da tflng cd sflc manh "am trd luc va ca nhiing vip vap anh" ca thd gidi tu ban va sai Ilm, Dang diu bid't duong thdi, dl vuon Idn phat cich vugt qua dl tid'p tuc dua hidn nhung nguydn Iy mdi cich mang tien len gianh phu hgp vdi thdi dai mdi Cu thing Igi mdi to ldn hon thl li Tuydn ngdn ddi Nguyen nhan chu quan la nim 1848, dd'n nim 1872, nhttng budc ngoat iy tai ban Ph.Ang-ghen da Dang ddu cd nhung quydt vidt rd la tinh hinh da thay dinh ddi mdi dflng din va kip ddi "cho ndn hidn thdi Ddi mdi Iudn la cd y Cuong linh niy da cd mdt sd nghia sdng cdn Hd Chi Minh dilm da cu" Ddn nam 1888 chinh la ngudi di tidn phong, vidt Idi tua cho ban tidng dung cam ddi mdi dflng, cd Anh, Ph.Ang-ghen cung hidu qua cao Ngudi la vT nhic lai nhu trdn va cdn luu nhin cua nhung budc ngoat y nhilu ndi dung khac cua lich sfl Xin din vai vi du: Tuydn ngdn cung khdng cdn Mgt Id, gidi quye't md'i phu hgp nfla'*' Ong edn ndi thdm: "Thii dd cua ngudi quan he giUa giai cdp vd cdng san vdi cac dang dd'i ddn tgc Trong quan dilm lip (chuong IV) nhiing chi tidt, nhung nhin chinh thd'ng phong trio dinh i'y da cu rdi va tinh cdng san va cdng nhin qud'c hinh chinh tri da hoan toan td khing dinh v ^ dd din tdc phai phu thudc vao v ^ dd xay dimg Dang sd 11-2014 L Y L U A N - T H L f C TlfiN-KINH NGHlfiM giai cip, chi cd giai phdng giai cip thi din tdc mdi dugc giai phdng thi Nguydn Ai Qudc da nhan dinh ring dd la quan dilm dung, nhung chi dflng d cac nflde phuong Tiy chu nghia tu ban da phit triln cao Ngudi ndi "Du thi cung khdng the cim bd sung co sd Iich sfl cua Chu nghia Mac bing cieh dua thdm vio dd nhiing tu lidu ma Mac d thdi minh khdng thl cd dugc" Rdi Ngudi khang dinh "Mac da xiy dyng hgc thuydt cua minh trdn mdt tridt Iy nhit dinh cua Iich sfl, nhflng lich sfl nio? Lich sfl chiu Au Ma chiu Au la gi? Dd chua phai la toan thl nhin loai"'^* giai cip dia chu d Vidt Nam thi "khdng cd may mdc, mdng ddng thudc sd hitu cua nhflng dia chu hang trung vi hang nhd vi nhiing ke d dd dugc coi la dai dia chu thi chi la nhung tdn lun tit bdn canh nhung ngudi trung tdn d chiu Au vi chiu My""' Chinh vi viy "Chuong trinh tdm tat cua Dang" Nguydn Ai Qud'c soan thao dugc thdng qua tai Hgi nghi hop nhit cac td chflc edng san lip Dang Cdng san Vidt Nam (32-1930), da ghi: "Dang Idi keo tilu tu san, tri thflc vi trung ndng vl phia giai cip vd san; Dang tip hgp hoic Idi keo phfl ndng, tfl san va tfl ban bie trung "*"" Vl phin loai phan giai cip cung viy chiu Au, chu nghia tu ban da phat triln, giai cip tu san la giai cip phan ddng khdng edn dai didn cho Igi ich eua din tdc nfla, nd da trd mdt cue dd'i lip rd rdt vdi giai cip cdng nhan va nhin din Iao ddng d Vidt Nam thi khac, chu nghia tu ban chua phit triln, nd eo udt Iai bi tu ban, de qudc chen ep, trfl mdt sd rit it tfl san mai ban lim tay sai cho thuc din, edn dai bd phin giai cip tu san deu cd tinh thin din tdc, deu cd thl di cflng din tdc dudi su Ianh dao cua Dang Cgng san chd'ng ke thu chung la chu nghia dd qudc, thuc din Cdn Vi dit vSJi de din tdc phu thudc v&i dl giai cip ndn quan dilm cua Qud'c td cdng san Ii tuyen truyln, giao due chu nglua qud'c tdvd san, phd phan chu nghia din tdc Nhung Nguydn Ai Qudc vin dung phep bidn chiing vit, cin cfl vao thyc tidn cac phong trio each mang giai phdng din tdc Iich sfl Viet Nam da khing dinh: O Viet Nam ed chu nghia din tdc chin chinh Ngudi vidt: "Chu nghia din tdc la ddng luc Idn cua dit nude Gid diy, ngudi ta se khdng thl Iam gi dugc cho ngudi An Nam ndu khdng dua trdn cac ddng luc vl dai, va nhit cua ddi sd'ng xa hdi cua hg xay dimg Ding sd 11-2014 Khi chfl nghia din tdc cua ho thing Igi, thi nhit dinh chu nghia din tdc i'y se bidn thinh chfl nghia qudc td""" Cii mdi ddi budi diu bao gid cung khd dugc chip nhin Chin Iy khdng thl di mdt dudng thing tip mi thudng phai cd thdi gian va thyc tidn kilm nghidm Cach mang Vidt Nam tfl 1930 ddn 1941 qua nhflng budc thing trim, 28-1-1941 Nguydn Ai Qud'e tfl nudc ngoii vl nudc, Ngudi bit tay vao vide xiy dyng co sd each mang, td chflc quin chflng tai Cao Bing va tip trung tn tue chuln bi cho hdi Trung uong Ngay 10-51941, Hdi nghi Trung uong (khda I) khai mac lanh tu Nguydn Ai Qudc chu tn Hdi nghi da phin tich siu sic tinh hinh thd gidi va nudc, chi cac miu thuln xa hdi, Hdi nghi da cd mdt kit luin Uch sfl: "Trong Iuc nay, quydn lgi cua bd phin, cua giai cip phai dat dudi sy sinh tfl, tdn vong cua qudc gia, cfla din tdc Trong luc niy ndu khdng giai quydt dugc vin dl din tdc giai phdng, khdng ddi dugc ddc lip, tu cho toan thl din tdc thi chang nhiing toan thl qudc gia dan tdc chiu mai kilp ngua triu, ma quydn lgi cua bd phin, giai cip ddn van nim cung khdng ddi lai dugc ""^' Quydt dinh da L Y L U A N - T H L f C TlfiN-KINH NGHlfiM tao dugc sy ddng thuin cao xa hdi, cd tic dung tip hgp Iyc lugng cua toan thl nhin din Viet Nam, cung ddng tim hidp Iuc lam cudc Tdng khdi nghia thing 8-1945 thinh edng, khai sinh nudc Vidt Nam Din chu Cdng hda Cd thl khang dinh vdi tyu VT dai dd, Dang ta dflng diu la Chu tich Hd Chi Minh da ddi mdi, sing tao, phat triln, gdp phln bd sung lim phong phfl thdm hgc thuydt giai cip va diu tranh giai cip cua Oiu nghia MicLdnin hidn doin kdt, binh dang, tuong trg, sdng chdt cd nhau, no ddi giflp nhau, sdng cd thl can, nui cd thl mdn nhung long doan kd't iy khdng bao gid suy xuyln.Va d diy, kinh nghidm cua Vidt Nam da ddng gdp, bd sung cho Iy luin cua Chfl nghia MaeLdnin ve vih dl din tdc Ba la, veDdng Cgng sdn Dya trdn co sd Iich sfl cua chiu Au, cac nha sing lip chu nghia xa hdi khoa hgc khing dinh Dang Cdng san la dang cua giai eip cdng nhin Dang ddi li su kdt hgp gifta Chu nghia Mae-Ldnin Hai Id, vdn de ddn tdc vd vdi phong trio cdng nhin quyen tu quyet ddn tgc d Viet Dya tren sy phin tich siu sac xa hdi Vidt Nam va thyc tidn Nam ddi, tdn tai va phat triln Chu nghia Mic-Ldnin cua Dang ta, Hd Chi Mmh da quan nidm din tdc hinh di tdi ket luin chinh xic: thinh cung vdi chu nghia tu Dang Cdng san Vidt Nam ban Dd la mdt quan nidm ddi la sy kdt hgp gifta Chu dung, phu hgp vdi sy hinh nghia Mic-Lenin vdi phong thinh cic qud'c gia - din tdc trio cdng nhin va phong trio d chiu Au Nguydn Ai Qud'c, ydu nudc Bao cao chinh tri can cfl vao die dilm Viet tai Dai hdi n cua Dang (12Nam, Ngfldi da cd kdt luin 1951) khing dinh Dang Lao khic, khing dinh dan tdc ddng Vidt Nam la "Ddng cua Vidt Nam hinh sdm giai cd'p cong nhdn vd nhdn Uch sfl, gin liln vdi ddn lao ddng, cho nen nd qua trinh dyng nudc va gift phdi Id Ddng cua ddn tdc nudc VI quyln ty quydt cua Viet Nam"^'" Nam 1955, din tdc, Dang ta va Chu tich bii vidt cho bio Sy that Hd Chi Minh da sdm cd kd't (Lidn Xd), Ho Chi Muih lai luin vd cung quan trgng Dd mdt Iln nfla khang dinh Dang la quydn ty quydt cua cdng ta da "trd thinh hinh thflc td ddng din tdc d Vidt Nam, chflc cao nhi't cua quan cua nudc Vidt Nam, cdn eae chung Iao ddng, hien thin din tdc d nudc thi thyc cua tri tue, danh dy va Iuong tim eua din tdc chflng tdi""'" Lich sfl Dang ta va lich sfl phong trao cdng san qudc td chic chin cdn in dim liu dai diu in sing tao cua Chu tich Hd Chi Muih Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh vd xiy dung Dang Cdng san Vidt Nam hoin toan xiing dang bd sung hgc thuydt xiy dung dang kilu mdi cua V.I.Ld-nin thdm phong phu va hoin ehinh Trudc mit Dang ta dang cdn nhidu thfl thach ngat ngheo, song nhiing chi din cua Ph.Ang-ghen va su sang tao eua Hd Chi Minh vin dang soi sang dudng ldi ddi mdi, ehinh ddn Dang, giflp Dang ta vugt qua duge mgi trd luc khich quan va trudc hd't li vugt qua dugc trd luc eua chuih minh, nhu CMic vi Ph.Ang-ghen da chi ra, dl Dang hoan sfl mdnh cua minh trudc nhan din, dan tdc, Td qudc tinh hinh mdi • (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7) C.Mdc vd Ph.Ang-ghen, tuyen tap, NXB ST, H.1980, tap 5, tr.21; tap 1, tr.297; tap 5, tr.l29; tap 5, trJ31, tr.53; tap 1, tr.504-518-519; lap 1, tr.519 (8),(9),(10),(ll),(13),(}4)Ho Chi Minh todn tap, NXB ST, H.1995, tap 1, ir.465; tap 12, tr.464; tap 3, tr.4; tap 3, tr.466 467; tap 6, tr.l76; tap 7, tr.51 (12) Vdn kien Ddng todn tap, tap 7, NXB ST, H.2003, tr.ll3 Xiy dimg Dang sd 11-2014 ... chi tdn tai vio mdt thdi gian nhi''t dinh d nhftng din tdc nhit dinh, vi xet theo ban chit thi cd tinh chit nhit thdi Vi viy, linh Vflc ke nao di tim nhftng chin ly tuydt dinh cudi cung, nhiing... 1848, dd''n nim 1872, nhttng budc ngoat iy tai ban Ph.Ang-ghen da Dang ddu cd nhung quydt vidt rd la tinh hinh da thay dinh ddi mdi dflng din va kip ddi "cho ndn hidn thdi Ddi mdi Iudn la cd y Cuong... dilm lip (chuong IV) nhiing chi tidt, nhung nhin chinh thd''ng phong trio dinh i''y da cu rdi va tinh cdng san va cdng nhin qud''c hinh chinh tri da hoan toan td khing dinh v ^ dd din tdc phai phu