òa nhập xã hội của người di cư tại các đô thị ở Việt Nam hướng đến một mô hình trợ giúp xã hội.pdf

44 Xil hoi hQc2(130), 2015 \ HOA N H A P X A H O I C U A NGUCJI DI CU" TAI CAC DO THI VIET NAM: HlTCiNG DEN M Q T M HINH TRO GIUP XA HQI PHAM VAN QUYET' TRAN VAN KHAM" Gidi thieu Theo Tdng didu U-a Dan sd va Nha d 1/4/2009, dan sd nudc ta cd 85.846.997 ngudi, tang 11,3% so vdi nam 1999 Ciing theo kdt qud cudc Tdng didu tra nay, nStn, tir 2004 ddn 2009, gin tridu ngudi di cu' tang 50% so vdi giai doan 1994-1999 Nam 2013, ca nudc cd 1.790.374 ngudi di cu, tang 33% so vdi trung binh giai doan (2004 -2009} (Nguyin Dinh Cut va Pham Dai Ddng, 2014) Di cu giiia cdc vimg tang tu 19 ngudi di cu/1000 dan nam 1999 len 30 ngudi di eu/1000 dan nam 2009 Rd rang, ngudi di cu cang nhidu vd tang manh hon nhidu so vdi tang dan sd d Viet Nam hien Cac ddng di cu ndng thdn-dd thi theo cac hinh thirc lie hoac dai ban citng dang didn manh m5 hon qua trinh thi hoa d Viet Nam nhat la nhimg nam gan day Chii de di cu, cdc van dd lien quan den eudc sdng ciia ngudi di cu da dupc nghien cihi nhieu trpng thdi gian gan day Cd the den mpt sd net ndi bat trpng cdc nghien ciiu cr Viet Nam nhu: nghien citu he thdng chinh sdch cua di dan ddn phd ldn (DSng Nguyen Anh, 2003; Ddng Nguyen Anh vd cdng su, 2004; Dap Thi Ngpc Mai, Nguyen Thi Ngpc Thanh, 2009; Le Bach Duong va Nguyen Thanh Liem, 2011); nghidn cira vi cdc van de xd hdi, vln dd quan ly di dan va xay dimg cdc md hinh dich vu cho ngudi di cu lao ddng d cdc dd thi (Ld Bach Duong va Nguydn Thanh Lidm, 2011; Trin Xuan Cdu, 2007) Nhidu nghien ciru gin ddy d Viet Nam cung da nhin nhan vin dd di cu lao ddng d cdc khu dd thi d nhidu gdc dp nhu: vai hd ciia hoat ddng ddi vdi su phat tridn xa hpi, cdc vdn de xd hpi, cdc vin dd qudn ly, eac chinh sdch, cdc dich vu xa hdi cSn cho ngudi di cu Tuy nhien, chua cd nhidu nghien ciiu dd cdp mdt each rd net vin dd hpa nhap vd cac chinh sdch giiip ngudi di cu qua trinh boa nhap d mdi trudng sdng mdi, thieu nghien cim lidn quan ddn nhm nhan su tham gia cua ngudi di cu vao cdc tidn trinh xa hdi tai cdc dd thi Bai vidt ndy Id mdt phin cua dd tai nghien ciht Quy Phdt tridn Khpa hpc va Cdng nghd Qudc gia (Nafosted) tai trp "Cdc quan diim ly Ihuyit vi hda nhdp xa hoi vd hda nhdp xa hpi ctia nhom lao dong ngheo nhdp cu vao cdc thi nudc la PGS TS, Bgi hoc Khoa hoc xS hfi va Nhdn van, Dgi hoc Qudc gia Hd Ngi ^ TS Dgi hoc Khoa hoc xd hpi va Nhdn van Bgi hoc Qudc gia Hd Ngi Chi linh so nguoifliaydoi xa/ phuimg cu mi so vdi thoi diim nim trudc cupe Tdng dik Phgm Vdn Quyet, Tran Vdn Kham 45 qud trinh cdng nghiep hda vd hien dai hod''' Trucmg Dai hoc Khoa hoc xa hoi va Nhan van Ha Npi th\rc hi^n giai doan 2014-2015 Bai vilt huong din danh gia su tham gia cua ngu&i lao d^ng di cu vao cac hoat dong va nhiing trai nghiem s6ng cua ca nhan tijr goc dp hoa nh5p xa hpi hi?n tai Ha Npi va ph6 H6 Chi Minh Thong qua danh gia nhu v^y, bai viet hucmg den ph3n tich khia cgnh cu thl trai nghiem cuoc song tai thi cua nguai di cu va gpi y mpt s6 npi dung cho cac mo hinh tro giiip nguoi lao dpng di cu qua trinh thi hoa Viet Nam hien Cach tiep c|n va phinmg phap nghien cuu Bai viet duac dinh huong tren quan diem ly thuylt vl hoa nhap xa hpi nhiing nghien cijru ve di cu, ve tgo dung cac mo hinh tra giiip xa hoi hien cho nhihig doi tupng yeu thS va qua trinh hpi nhap xa hpi Cach tilp cein duac nhin nh|in tir goc dp nghien ciiu li6n nganh khoa hpc xa hpi hien Hoa nh|ip xS h0i la mpt djnh huong tao dupc sir phat trign ben vfing cua xa h6i, ciing nhu tgo dupc su bao phu cua cac vdn dl xa hpi, dac biet nhiing vln dh xa hpi thupc ve cac nh6m dl bi thiet thoi, ton thuong xa hpi Dinh huang nghien cuu vl hoa nhap xa hpi duac biet den nhiSu tii culi nhfing nam 1990, cac vin dl xa h6i khpng giai quyet duac bang cdc giai phdp thuan ve kinh te, ma doi hoi phai co nhfing gidi phdp mang tinh toan di^n vd dua nhieu tren cdc chieu canh ve van hod, xa h6i Hod nhdp xd hpi ciing dupc xem nhu m^t dinh hudng thiic ddy vai tro cua nhd nuoc viec tao dung xa hpi c6ng bdng vd co kha nang giai quyet cdc van de cua.xd h6i Ddy ciing la mpt dinh hu6ng dupc nhilu quoc gia theo duoi nhu Uc, Canada, mpt so quoc gia Bac Au va mpt so quoc gia chau A, nai h? thong an smh xa hpi dii manh vd c6 he thing cdc dich vu xa hpi da dang Hpi nghj quoc te ve Cong tac xd hpi vd phdt trien xd h6i duac tl chiic tai Stockholm Thyy Diln (8-12/7/2012) vd Melbourne, Uc (9-12/7/2014) cung co nhilu chu dl va quan dilm mai xung quanh van de hod nhap xa hpi va cuoc s6ng cua cac nhom dl hi thi?t thoi Cdc chii de deu de c?ip den y nghla cua viec thiic ddy nghien cuu hoa nhap xd hpi vd xa h^i hod nhgp, nhdm tgo nen nhung su chuyen bien v8 phat triln xa hpi vd binh ding xd hpi cho cac nhom doi tupng xa hpi khdc a tfing nin van hoa, xa hpi cuthe Nghien ciiu ve hod nhdp xd hpi da co Hch sfi kha lau dai tren the giai Ngay tfi diu nhung nam 1980, nhieu nghien cuu Anh, Phdp, My va mpt so quoc gia phdt triln da huong din vin de loai tru xa hpi (social exclusion) gan lien voi (va Id he qud) cdc vdn dl ngheo d6i, thit nghi?p, khung hodng chinh tri Cdc dinh huong cang duoc quan tam va nhin manh den cac van de ve vdn hod, xd hpi, va ddn duac thay dli vai each nhin vd tilp can mai ciia hoa nhgp xa hpi (social inclusion) (Tran Van Kham, 2013) Hod nhap xa hpi la mpt chu dich xd h^i md a mpi ca nhan dupc tham gia vdo cac hogt dpng chung cua xd hpi, duac the hipn vai tro vd tieng noi vd sir anh huang cua cd nhan, ciing nhu phat huy dupc cdi chung cfia xd hpi (Tran Van Kham, 2011: 237-238; IFSW, 2012) 46 Hda nhgp xd hdi cua ngudi di cu Mac du day la huong nghien ciiu duoc thuc hi&i kha bien cac nghien cuu khoa hpc xa hpi a nhilu quic gia tren thl giai nhung lai chua dugrc thuc h i ^ mot each co hf thing a Viet Nam nghien cuu vl nhom nhfing nguoi de bi ton thuong thiet thoi xahpi Tfi each tilp cgn nhu vgy, nghien ciiu tien hdnh ddnh gia su tham gia xa h6i ciia ngucri lao dpng di cu (sau day gpi ngdn gpn Id ngucri di cu) tren cdc khia canh: quan h$ bgui be, each thuc giai quylt kho khan, miic dp tham gia cac hogt dpng tgi cpng ^ng, noi a, nhihig trai nghiem, xuc cam, thai ve cac van de lien quan den sir tham gia, thuc hiSn cac moi quan he - tucmg tac tai cpng dong De hudng den cdc khia cgnh nhu vgy, n ^ a i cuu sfi dung kit qua viec thu thap thong tin bdng khdo sat va trien khai phong vin cdc doi tupng Id lao dpng di cu tgi Ha npi va Ho Chf Minh Npi dung bdi viet ndy phan Ion dua tren cdc ket qua ban dau ve khao sat quan diem cua ngudi di cu vai cdc khia cgnh khac ciia qua trinh di cu Mlu nghien cuu dupc mo ta nhu sau: Bang 1: D | c diem mlu nghien cuu Dcm Vf: % H i Ngi N TPHCM Chung 644 398 1.042 6I,S 38,2 100,0 Nam 45,7 38,8 51,4 Na 54,3 61,2 48,6 0,5 2,0 11,8 28,1 Ty 14 titng dfa bdn Gidi linh (%) Trinh ddhfic vln (%) Chua di hgc 1,0 16,3 1,8 2.9 4,5 THPT 36,6 16,0 28,8 CB/DH 41,8 28,3 Sau dgi hgc 2,8 6,3 0,5 Tieu hgc THCS 1,9 Ttah trgng hdn nhSn (%) Chua vg/chong 47,3 16,0 35,8 Cd vg/chdng 51,2 77,3 60,8 Ly hon/ty thdn 0,6 0,9 4,8 1,9 2,2 30,35 36,68 32,79 God Dg ni6i ming binh (nam) 1,3 Ngudn: Khdo sdt cua di tdi Cac phan tich dO lidu nghien cftu cho bai vidt tap trung vao nhiing nhdn td thl h.?n qua trinh hoa nhap xa hdi, tham gia xd h0i cua ngudi di eu hipn nhu: mftc dp thdm nguo khde vd dupe ngudi khdc tham, each thftc giai quydt kho khdn, mftc dd dupc Phgm Vdn Quyit, Trdn Vdn Kham 47 mai tham gia cdc hogt dpng tai dia phuang vd nai lam viec, cac hogt dpng thoi gian • rdnh roi va mfic dp trai nghipm cdc vdn d% xa hpi Ket qua nghi€n cuu ve sv tbam gia xa hoi cua ngiroi di cir I 3.L Sd luang ban be cua ngir&i di cir ddo thi * So lupng ban be la mpt nhung chi bdo vl mgng luoi xa hpi, gjiip danh gid I mfic dp hoa nhap, tham gia cac boat dpng xd hpi cfia nguoi di cu BEUI be a ddy dupc xem xet theo cac nhom sau: J J - Bgn be Id nguoi ban dia o phi - Bgn be cfing Id nguoi di cu ^ - Ban be nai cung lam viec K6t qua phan tich gid tti trung binh so ban be theo cdc nhom tren nhu sau: Bang 2: SS lirgng ban bi trung binfa cua ngu^ di cuCdc nhdm ban hi Chung HaNpi Dan V/V ngudi TPHCM 5,57 5,89 4,91 B^n hi cdng la ngudi di cu 10,76 12,20 6,57 B^n b^ noi cung lim vi^c 9,07 9,01 9,18 1.042 644 398 B^n be la ngudi ban dja d thinh N Ngudn: Khdo sdt cua de tdi Dfi lieu cua todn bp nghien cihi Bang cho thdy, trung binh so ban be cung Id ngu6i di cu (10,76) ciing nhu bgn be a nai cung lam viec (9,07) deu cao ban dang ke so voi sl bgn be la nguai ban dia o (5,57) Ket qua ndy khang dinh lai xu huong phi biln Id ngucri di cu thucmg "ehcri" vcri nguai di cu hon Giiia cdc dia ban ciing c6 su khac biet khd lon vl so lucmg cdc nhom bgn be, nguoi di cu Ha Npi co trung binh so bgn la nhimg nguoi bdn dia a thdnh pho, nhat la so b?n be cfing Id nguai di cu, lon hon nhilu so vai nguoi di cu a phi Hi Chi Minh Nguoi di cu thdnh phi H6 Chi Minh lai co xu hucmg co nhieu bgn be a nai ldm viec han Dieu ndy dupc nhdn dinh qua kilm dinh T-test: co sir khac biet nhat dinh ve so luang ban a noi lam viec gifia ngucri di cu Hd Npi (means = 9,01) vd Ho Chi Minh (means = 9,17) voi muc y nghla T-test la 0,045 3.2, Mirc dp tham viing xd giao cda ngirdi di cir S\f tham gia xa h$i/hoa nhap xa hpi ciing duoc nhin nhdn tfi viec danh gia muc dp thdm viing (di thdm va duac tham) cdc cd nhan, to chuc cuoc song tlu Cac bien sl quan sdt duac luong boi thang Likert muc dp, tu den 4, tuang iing voi muc gia 48 Hda nhgp xa hgi ciia ngudi di cir tri khong bao gia di tham va dupc thdm din muc thuong xuyen di thdm va dupc tham nhilu nhit Gid tri trung binh ciia cdc chi bao dupc the hien tgi Bdng Bang 3: Mvc 6Q thSm va dir^v thSm ciia aguiri di cu* Ha NOi Chung TPHCM Bi thdm Bugc thdm Bi thdm Bupc thdm Bithdm Dugc thdm Ngudi hg hing a Ihinh phd 2,39 2,37 2,60 2,54 2,06 2,08 B^n hi than quen a Ihanh phd 2,48 2,45 2,67 2,63 2,18 2,15 Ngudi cUng ling que 2,49 2,48 2,68 2,66 2,19 2,18 Ngudi cUng xdra Irg 2,98 2,95 3,01 2,96 2,93 2,93 Ngudi cUng Iim 2,76 2,69 2,84 2,75 2,63 2,58 Ngudi din sd lai 2,19 2,15 2,21 2,16 2,14 2,14 D^i dien chinh quyen sd t^i 1,77 1,85 1,85 1,81 1,65 1,92 Doin Ihl dia phuang 1,78 1,87 1,78 1,76 1,78 2,09 Cac doi lupng Ngudn: Khdo sal cua de tdi Ghi chU: Gid trf trung binh cua thang mic df Tft h? sd trtmg binh chung cd the thay vdi vide di thdm ngudi khdc, ngudi di cu di thdm thudng xuydn nhat la nhimg ngudi cung xdm trp, tidp la ngirdi cung lam, ngudi ciing lang qud, b ^ be d phd khi, mftc dp di thdm dai difn chinh quyen dja phuong, hay ede td chftc dodn the gan nhu tuong ftng mftc khdng bao gid Tuong tu vdi vi$c dupc tham, ngudi di cu cung dupc ngudi ciing xdm trp ddn thdm d mftc thudng xuyen - ddy Id mftc cd he sd trung binh cao nhdt nghien eftu Nhdm d6i tupng ngudi cimg lam, ngudi cung que, ban be than quen ciing cd nhitng mftc dp ddn thdm ngudi di eu d mftc thudng xuyen vd thinh thpdng Trpng gidng nhu vi$c di thdm, nhdm dai dijn chinh quydn sd tai, doan thd dia phucmg cung rat it ddn thdm ngudi di cu Viec di thdm cd xu hudng tich ctrc hon sp vdi viec dupc thdm d hiu hdt cdc chi bdo, tru cdc chi bdo lien quan ddn dai dien chinh quydn sd tai Vdi ngudi di cu d Hd Npi, vide di thdm cd xu hudng tieh cue hon la vi?c dupc ddn thdm d cdc bidn sd dupc dd cap Trong ngudi di cu d thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh khdng thd hien rd xu hudng nhu d Ha Ndi Gifta ngudi di cu d Ha Npi va thdnh phd Hd Chl Minh, ngudi di cu d Hd Ndi cd xu hudng tich cue hon u-ong vipc di thdm cae nhdm ddi tupng trft vide ddn tham cdc nhdm doi tupng Id dai dipn chinh quydn sd tai hay doan flie dia phuong va Ngupc lai, ngudi di cu dflianhphd Hd Chi Mmh lai cd xu hudng phdn h6i tich eve hon vd vide dupe d»i dien chinh quydn sd tai, hay dodn the dia phuang din thdm Dd phan tich rd hon vd nhftng ydu td di tham, dupc thdm trpng cu0e sdng ciia ngudi di cu, nghidn cftu dp dtmg phuong tiiftc phan tich nhdn t6 (EFA) Kidm djuh Cronbaeh's Alpha cho tiidy cdc bidn sd cdn quan sdt duoc tiiidt kd phu hpp cho nghien cftu Vdi Chi sd KMO la 0,736 (vdi mftc y nghta kidm dinh Barlett = 000 < Phgm Vdn Quyet, Trdn Vdn Kham 49 0,05) va dieu cho thay cac bien so quan sat co moi quan he kha chat che vai nhau, CO the su dung phuoi^ phap EFA vd cdc phep kilm djnh khac vdi cac nhan to Vdd ty Ie phirong sai trich la 58,34%, phan tich nhan tl cho thay tat cd cdc biln quan sdt deu CO he so tai ldm hon 0,50 da cho phep nhom biln s6 hai nhom nhan to phu hop vdi hai nhom van de tren thuc te Nhom thu nhdt la nhung bien so lien quan den doi tupng la nguoi dan dia phuong, dai dien chinh quyln va t l chiic doan the dia phuong (nhiing ngucri ngu cu), nhom lgi la nhom cac yeu to ve nguoi di cu Ap dung viec tinh he s6 means cua tfing nhom nhan to, ket qud cho thdy nguai di cu thuc hien tham vieng nhfing ngucri cung la di cu co he so tnmg binh cao hon (tnmg binh = 2,62) so vdi viec tham vieng nguoi ngu cu tai nai sinh sing (trung binh =1,91) Nhu vgy, ngudi di cu van CO xu huang co cum vao mgng ludi ca rieng ciia hp hem Id huang den cac mgng ludi chung ciia xa hpi Phan tich nhan to ciing dp dung a chieu ngupc lgi: Nguoi di cu dupc thdm vieng nhieu hem? Tuong t^r nhu each dien gidi ve y nghia cua phan tich nhan to, he so Cronbaeh's Alpha du Ion de cho rang cac bien so duac quan sat a day phii hop Thong so KMO, muc y nghia kiem dinh Barlett ciing cho thay cac bien so co moi quan he chat che vcri nhau, va vdi ty lp phuang sai trich tren 50%, cdc bien so deu co he so tai ldn hem 0,5, nen co the chia bien so nhdm nhan to Hai nhom nhan to co cau true gidng nhu viec ngucri di cu di tham hdi nguoi khdc So sdnh gid tri trung binh ciia cac nhom nhan to ciing eho thay ngucri ngu cu, dai dien chinh quyen dia phuong hiem den tham hoi ngucri di cu (1,95), va nguac lai nguai di cu thich thdm hoi bgn be cung la nhimg ngucri di cu khac hon (2,58) Ddy chinh Id mot nhijng yeu to tao cdc rdo can doi vdi qud trinh hod nhgp ciia ngucri di cu vao cdc boat dpng chung ddi song thi CJ gdc dp dia ban, ngucri di cu a Ha Npi co xu hudng dupc ngudi di cu khac tham hdi nhilu hon so vdfi ngucri di cu Ho Chi Minh, cdn ngudi di cu a thdnh Ho Chi Minh co xu huong dupc dgi dien chinh quyen, nguoi ngu cu the hien su tham hoi nhieu hem Cach thirc giai quyet nhung kho khan cuoc song Cac nghi€n ctiu gan day ve di cu deu cho rang ngudi di cu gap nhiing khd khan nhit dinh ve mdi truong song mcri, ca ve khia canh kinh te, Ian tinh than Vdi nhfing khd khdn nhu vgy, hp se ldm g^, dua vao de giai quyet Cac bien so tfi khia canh dupc dl c ^ tfi nhimg khia cgnh tu cd nhan ngucri di eu thue hien, den viec nhcr cgy nguoi than, chinh quyln Cac bien so quan sat ciing dupic ludnag qua thang Likert muc dp, I tucmg fing vdi mfic khong bao gia thuc hien va tucmg iing mfic rdt thudng xuyen thuc hien Ket qua tu khao sat, cac each thuc giai quyet nhung kho khan ma nguai di cu gdp phdi moi trucmg song mdi dupc the hien qua bang dudi day: 50 Hda nhgp xa hdi cua ngu&i di cu Bang 4: Cach thfrc giai quyet khd khSn cua ngirdi di cu Co gang tu giai quyet Goi difin nhcr cay nguiri than/ban be dang song d que Nh& s\f giiip ciia ngyrcri than dang sing Nh6 sg giiip id ciia ngiroi ciing lang que Nhir su giiip dd ngudi ciing lam, ciing tro NhJr sg giiip dd nguoi dan so tai Nhd sg giiip dd chinh quyen noi dang sinh song Nhd su giup dd cua doan the /ca quan d noi song /lam vifc Ddi tirgng khac Chung Ha Noi TPHCM 3,70 2,32 3,69 2,55 2,20 2,41 3,2 1,3 1,85 2,10 2,45 2,31 1,75 1,95 2,43 2,00 2,47 1,88 1,76 1,77 1,77 1,83 1,76 1,67 1,50 1,70 1,08 Ngudn: Khdo sdt cda de tdi Ghi elm: Gid tri trung binh cda thang mdc Ket qua thu dugc tft he sd means cho thdy cdch thftc ma ngudi di cu giai quylt nhihig khd khan gap phai cudc sdng theo hudng tu giai quydt la chinh, tidp dd la nhd su giup cua nhitag ngudi xdm tro, gpi didn chia se tft ngudi than, tu nhihig ngudi than cimg que dang sdng d phd, rdi mdi nhd ddn ngudi dan sd tai va chinh quydn, doan the dia phuang, eo quan dang ldm vide Da phdn cac danh gia vd vide nhd sit giup dd cua chinh quydn dja phuong, cua cdc td chftc doan thd d mftc rdt thdp Giiia ngudi di cu d Ha Ndi va thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh cung cd su khdc biet vd cdch thftc gidi quydt cdc khd khdn Trong ngudi di cu d Hd Ndi nhd cay nhidu hon d hdu het cac ddi higmg cdn ttg giup thi ngudi di cu d phd Hd Chi Mmh cd xu hudng tu gidi quydt thudng xuyen hon Kdt qua nghien cftu cOng cho thdy ngudi di cu cd xu hudng nhd ngudi thdn, hg hdng, ngudi ddng huong hay cung Id di cu, hoac chu ydu tu bdn than minh ttong viec gidi quyet nhung vdn dd khd khan ttong cugc sdng nhidu ban Id hudng ddn nhd cdy vdo ngudi dan ngu cu, chinh quydn, td chftc doan thd dia phuong hodc co quan noi ldm vide Nhftng ket qua phdn tich ndy khdng chi eho chung ta them bdng chftng dd khdng dinh ve nhung ban hep ttong mang ludi xd hgi cua ngudi di cu, ma cdn cho thdy su nhd vd, niem tin vdo ngudi khdc, dac biet vao ngudi dan ngu cu, chmh quydn, dodn thd d dja phuong noi sinh sdng, lam viec la thdp tham chi Id rdt thdp Hg dudng nhu chi tm vdo chinh minh, hodc chut it ddnh cho nhung ngudi thdn vd nhftng ngudi cung hodn canh Thdi nghi ngd vdi gan nhu tdt ca nhftng gi xung quanh minh ttong euge sdng muu smh d phd cOng la rdo can ldn cho su hda nhdp xd hdi cua hg Mftc tham gia vao cac hoat dong t^i dia phinmg/ntri lam viec Mgt gdc dg khae cua su hod nhdp la mftc tham gia vao cdc hoat ddng chung tai cgng dong not cd nhan sdng va ldm viec Cdc quan didm cua hoa nhap xd hgi ddu hudng Phgm Vdn Quyet, Trdn Vdn Kham 51 den phdn tich danh gia tinh huomg dich hai chieu cua ca cd nhan duac hod n h ^ va cua boi canh xa hpi hod nhgp Viec ehu dpng hay dupc tao dieu Iden tham gia vdo cdc hogt dpng xa hpi tai ncri dr, Iam viec Id nhung nhan t6 rit cdn ludmg phan tich tiln trinh hod nhgp xd hpi Bdng trinh bay muc dp nguoi di cu dupc tgo dilu kien tham gia cac hoat dpng Ket qua tren cho thay, hogt dpng md ngucri di cu duac moi tham gia nhieu nhdt la cac hogt dpng quyen gdp, tfi thien, tiep la cac hogt dpng lien quan din Ie hpi, hpp td dan pho, cac hogt dpng van hod the thao Cac hogt dpng lien quan den quyen ciia ngudi di cu chua dupc quan tam thuc hien nhilu Chdng han, chi co ban 1/3 ngudi di cu cho rang hp duac mcri tham gia cac hogt dpng bdu cfi a dia phuong ncri dang sinh sdng, hay cung chi CO ty le gan nhu vay cdc hoat dpng tham gia td/nhom cho ngudi di cu hogc tham gia cac hogt dpng doan thl Bang 5: Muc dp du^c mdi tham gia cSc ho^t d$ng tai dia phirong Dan vi: % Cie bo^t d$ng, cic to chirc C6 dirgrc mdi C3imig Ha Ndi TPHCM HQP td din pho/xdm"* 53,5 27,2 96,5 Hoat dpng biu ciir d dja phuong noi dang sinh song 33,7 30,9 38,2 Cic il hpi cua dja phuong ncri dang sinh sdng'" 55,0 35,1 87,5 Hoat dpng v3n hda, the thao ciia dja phucmg ncri sinh sdng 43,0 25,8 71,4 CAc ho^t dpng vSn hda, du lich, ihk thao a ncri lam vi^"* 50,9 44,1 62,0 CAc hoat dpng quyen gdp, ti^ thi^n'" 55,7 49,5 65,8 Td, nhdm/cSu 1^ bp ngudi n h ^ cir"* 34,2 18,6 60,2 To chuc d o ^ thl bSt ky d dja phuang noi dang sinh sdng"' 39,1 21,6 67,9 H$i ddng hucmg d phd" 27,2 30,1 22,2 Chi-squaretest: **p