Thông tin tài liệu
[ n U Y g N MUC KINH T E H O C - XA HOl HOC TlfeP CAN HE T H O N G TU" PHAP COA CAC NHOM XA HOl D§ B\ T O N THUONG VA VAI TRO COA CAC T CHLTC X A HOI (y T H A N H P H H C H I M I N H N G U Y £ N THj MINH CHAU C6 the noi, cung vdi sw phat trien kinh te-xi hoi thip nien qua, cic to chirc xa h& (CSOs) phit trien nhanh va manh ci ve so lucmg vi chat Iwqing tren nhieu tinh vwc tc; 88% co tham nien cong tac tu nam tra len 45% ngucyi tra lai la nam va 55% la nCr; phan ldn ngydi tra lai d dO tuoi tCr 35 - 55 tuoi (chilm 55%) Phin Idn ngu'di tra Idi co trinh dp hpc v l n tit, 60% trung cap, cao dang, dgi hpc; 13,5% sau dai hpc; chi co 26,7% ti> thong trung hpc trd xulng K £ T QUA NGHIEN CU'U 3.1 Nhom d l bj ton thuang vdi tilp can h? thong tu phap qua nhgn djnh cua CSOs Trong nhCrng nam gan day, Nha nu'dc da ban hanh nhieu chuang trinh, chinh sach h i trp', tgo dilu ki0n thugn lo'i cho cac nhom de bj ton thuang vi?c tilp can tu phap Theo y kiln tham khao tu 60 CSOs, da s6 (83,3%) deu cho rang hi$n da co lugt bao v0 cac quyln ca ban cua moi nhom xa hpi, 71,7% ding y la da CO cac ca quan nh^ nudc/cac to chuc de bao v$ quyln cua cac nhom xa hpi d l bj t i n thuang; 64% cho rang da CO nhan lyc (lu^t su, can bp va cac to chuc nhan dSn) giup nhom d l bj ton thuang hilu dup'c cac quyln va quyln Ip'i cua hp; va 58,3% cho rang cac CSOs CO kha nang van dpng d l thay doi theo hudng tich cyc ve mat chinh sach Tuy nhien, muc dp nhgn thuc v l phap luat, v l cac chinh sach dup'c thg hudng cua cac nhom de bj ton thuang han c h l , chl c6 40% CSOs treng ting m i u khao sat cho r^ng cac d l i tup'ng thu hudng nhgn thuc dup'c quyln cua hp; 46,6% ^ong y vdi y kiln la cac doi tup'ng thg hudng bilt co cac t l chuc h i trp' thyc thi quyen cua hp va biet dup-c cac thu tgc thyc thi quyln cua hp; 34,7% cho rang cac doi tup'ng thg hudng tin rang co cac to chuc va/hogc ca c h l co t h i bao v§ quyln cua hp Sy hgn c h l nhgn thuc ve phap lugt, cac ca quan/to chilrc h i trp' ph^p ly cua nhom d l bj t i n thuang da anh hudng tryc tilp den vi#c tiep xuc vdi cac t l chuc, chinh quyen dja phuang v^ cac to chuc h i trp" kh^c lien quan d i n trp' giup phap ly Qua qua trinh lam vi#c true tilp vdi cac nh6m d l bj t i n thuang, cac CSOs cho ring cac d l i tup'ng thg hudng tilp cgn h# thong tu phap thudng mang tam trgng lo sp', e nggi, it tilp xuc, thilu tu tin, thieu sy tin tudng vac he thing tu phap/phap ly, luon mang tam trgng bi xa h$i co lgp; thyc t l van sy phan biet d l i xu cong dong Vdi su tac dpng mgnh me cua phuang ti^n truyin thdng dgi chung, sy phan biet ky thj cpng dong va gia dinh da giam dang k l ; nhien ban than d l i tup'ng d l bj ton thuang luon co tam trang bj phan biet doi xu va hp cam nhgn hanh vi cua nhung ngudi xung quanh nhu dang xa lanh hp Mpt s6 CSOs cung chp rang tiep xuc vdi cac dich vg cong, can bp xem nhung ngudi nghien ma (dgc biet la nu), la nhOng ngudi sing ngoai l l xa hpi, thgm chi khong tilp don hay doi hoi nhilu thu tuc, giay td hp d i n lidn he "Co Sl/ phan bi$t rat l&n tiep can cac djch vy, nhw nhimg ngwcei bj b$nh HIV 61 kham b0nh a b$nh vi$n thi b$nh vi$n tim each tri hoan khong chira (m$c du b$nh vi^n khong ndi ta khong chCea, nhwng hq de benh nhan cho doi mai) 66 ngwcei bi b0nh l^i tim NGUYEN THI MINH C H A U - Tl£P CAN HE THpNG TLT P H A P C O A C A C den cic CSOs liin quan di kham chira benh Bdi vdi cic em bi nhiim HIV thi thwang bi ky thi khdng di hoc dwac, ben em cd can thiep bang cich dl xuong tn/c tiip tnrdng dd, tim hieu rd ly ky thi, vi du nhw ho ndi hp sa lay thi minh se cung dp nhirng tii lieu, to chirc vii budi truyin thdng cho giao viin, phu huynh; neu cic em d cap vi thi lam truyin thdng cho cic em hoc sinh ludn: cdn tnrdng hpp bi ky thi, nhat la tnrdng mam non, li phu huynh nhit dinh khdng cho em ho hoc ciing thi ben em chi cd thi gili thw din Sd Giio due, Phdng Giao due, Oy ban Phdng chong AIDS thi mdi thinh cong" (Bgi dipn CSOs h i trp nhdm ngudi ed HIV/AlDs) Bdy chinh Id nhung khd khan Idn ma cdc nhdm d l bj t i n thuang ggp phaj, tgo rao can kha ndng tilp cgn ede djeh vu edng, tilp cgn hp thing tu phap Ngpdi ra, edn cd cdc khd khdn khae nhu: - Khd khan vide hilu, nhdn thuc va thg hudng cdc lugt/chuang trinh/quy trinh ddnh eho ede nhdm de bi t i n thuang Bd Id trinh nhgn thire eOa d l i tupng thg hudng chua cac, cd trinh hoc v l n thap, hgn c h l v l t h i chit (khuyit tgt ), it tilp egn vdi cae phuang tidn truyin thdng dgi ehung Han nOa, cdng tac truyin thdng, tuydn truyin chua thdt sg hipu qua ehua cd hinh thO'c phu hpp va chua da dgng Ggp nhilu khd khan han ea vipc nam bat thdng tin la cac nhdm khuyit tat va nhdm ngudi nghdp - Cac nhdm xd hpi d l bj t i n thuang cdn ggp hgn c h l vipc nam b i t cdc thu tgc hanh chinh va cae dja ehi ed the ho trp glOp dd: "hau nhw hQ khdng biit ve nhirng van di niy, h^n che tiip can thdng tin vi nhirng dich vu hd tra phip ty vi each thirc de cd dwqc sw ho tra phip ly":.; 'khig^p khd khan hQ cung khdng biit nen lim gi, tim din noi nio di dwac giup ad: "hQ khdng biit ho tra phip ly li gi, dd mic dii cd trung tim ho tra phip ly nhwng hp khdng biit de tim din" (Bgi dipn CSOs h i trp va phat triln giao dge hda nhdp cho ngudi khgylt tat) 3.2 CSOs - cdg n i l giO'a cdc nhdm xa hdi dd bj t i n thuang vd hp thong tu phap Mdi CSOs ddi vdi nhirng mgc tieg va d l i tuang hudng Ipi khae nhag, song phin Idn deu tap trgng vdo cae hogt dpng chO y l g nhu ngdi dudng, cham sdc sO-e khoe, hudng nghipp vd dgy nghi, cgng d p kiln thuc vd ky nang sing, Trong dd hogt dpng lidn qgan d i n trp gigp phdp ly, hp trp tilp can tu phap che cae nhdm xa hdi de bj ton thuang bao glm: - Trgyin thdng ndng cao nhan thdc v l phdp Iggt - Nhgn dipn va ehuyin gdi nhirng ngudi dang gap khd khan v l v l n d l phap ly tdi cdc ca qgan nha nudc - Theo ddi, giam sat, nhie nhd - Tgp ca hpi che d l i tupng tilp egn tilp can djch vg t i t nhit "Minh lim cdng tic truyin thdng ning cao nhan thirc ve kiin thirc phap luat, nhan dien ngwdi nio chwa cd giay td va chuyen gdi tdi cic ca quan nhi nwdc cd lien quan, giiip hp tiep c$n vdi cic dich vu, " (Dgj dipn CSOs h i trp ngudi nghec) TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI s6 11 (185) 2014 "Theo tdi, bin than cac to chirc phi lai nhu$n khdng phii ii nhimg ngudi chuyen mon vi iu$t, nhwng it nhat li hieu dwQc doi tupng cua minh la ai, gap khd khin gi; nhu ciu gi vi tao ca hdi cho hQ tiep cgn Vai trd cua chiing tdi la lim nghi nhirng cich tot nhit di doi twang cua minh tiip can dwpc cac ca quan trich nhiem phap iy" (Bgi dien CSOs hd trp ngudi lac dpng nhdp cu) IMue dp cdc heat dpng lidn quan den vide bao vp quyln che cdc nhdm de bj t i n thuang qua khao sat nhu sag: ggp de xir ly vi pham, ehilm 46,3% - Hudng din, tu van che cac nhdm xa hpi dd bj t i n thuang v l dan tir khilu ngi, 44,4% - Hap tdc, trao d l i true tilp vdl lugt su, van phdng trp giup phdp ly va cac t l chuc nhd nude, 34% (xem Bilu d l 2) Nhu vgy, CSOs ddng vai trd kha quan trpng vipc ho trp, kit n i l cdc nhdm xa hdi d l bl t i n thuang vdi he thing tu phap, ea quan phap 1^ Trong qua trinh thue hidn, CSOs thudng hpp tde vdi chinh quyln S\a phuang, vdi - Cgng elp thdng tin v l phap ludt duae eae t l chirc CSOs vd cdc t l chirc phi ban hdnh de bao vp eac quyln ea ban Bilu Thing ke djch VL h i trp' tiep can tu' phap cua CSOs cua cac nhdm xa ThAng tin vd \u%\ hpi d l bj t i n thuang, ehilm 85,2% Chuyin gili din cic cv quan - Gidi thipu nhdm de bj t i n thuang d i n cae t l chirc bao vp quyln cua ho, ehilm 81,5% - T l chirc dao tgo/gido dge v l qgyin, chilm 64,8% Hudn luy$n/gido due Chuyin din chuySn gia/ch!nh quyin V$n dOng man chij Tham vin cho Vt\in chu Trinh yeu ciu/khiiu n^i Hep tic tri/c tiip v*l cliinti quyin °" Nguon: LIN & Vien Phat triln ben vung vung Nam Bp, 2011 - Gidi thidg nhdm dd b[ ton thuang din cdn bQ/ehuydn gia Id nhirng ngudi cd t h i bao vp quyln cOa hp, chilm 55,6% Vgn ddng cai tiln v l mgt ehinh sdch danh cho nhdm d l bj t i n thuang, chilm 50% - Tham khao vdi d l i tupng hudng Ipi v l quyln eua hp ^ • n h u ' n g t l chO'c hp ed t h i Bilu d l Phoi hpp cua CSOs vdi cac to chii-c qua trinh ho trp / Chinh quytn ^^^^^^^HH^^IL-._ IN GOl Khtc p ^^^•^c* Nguin: UN & Vidn Phat triln bin virng viing Nam BO, 2011 NGUYEN THI MINH CHAU - Tl£P CAN HE THONG Ttf PHAP COA C A C chinh phu quoc t l d l h i trp cho nhdm d l bj t i n thuang (xem Bilu 3) Tuy nhidn, cde CSOs thudng ggp mpt s l kho khdn ve cac mat ngan sach (75,0%), nguin nhan luc (63,6%), cap nhgt thdng tin va thO tgc phap ly (54,5%), ca sd vgt chat (47,7%) (xem Bilg d l 4) Thir nhit khd khin vi ngin sich: Vdi eac hogt ddng ega CSOs nhu dd ndu tren, nhilu CSOs cho ring khdng dii kinh phi d l h i trp cho eac nhdm dd bj ton thuang vide lo ode thu tge v l tu phap Cac CSOs mdi dupe lap, ehua cd nggon qgy hogt ddng thudng xuydn lgi eang khd khdn han 'Vi$c ho trp lam Chimg minh Nhan dan, giay td thin cho cac nhdm di bi tin thwong ii rat biin vi khd khin, mat nhiiu thdi gian hoin tit thu tuc hd sa vi phai tim que gdc vi di l^i nhieu lin, chi phi cho viec di iai cao; dd nhiiu trwdng hpp ddi twpng bj ton thwang phii tw bd tiin (niu cd thi); CSOs phai giim mot s6 khoin chi di ho tra kinh phi cho ho di lam cac thii tuc giiy td' (Dgi dipn CSOs h i trp ngudi ed HIV/AIDs) Thilu kinh phi d l t l chire eac buli tgp huin, truyin thdng v l phap ludt, bdi phai mdi ehuydn gia kinh phi t l chuc vd tiln di Igi cho cdc d l i tupng thg hudng, (Bgi dipn CSOs h i trp tre em nghdo) Thir hai, khd khan vi ngudn nhin it/c: Do chua cd nguin kinh phi hogt ddng b i n vu'ng, so nhan vidn gan bd Idu dai vdi CSOs rat it Mire thu nhgp thip khong dam bao dupe nhu elu ea ban cua cupc sing bupc hp phai tim kilm mpt vipe lam khae hogc Idm nhilu cdng vide khae nhau, thai gian vd mire quan tdm cho CSOs eung bj hgn chl Theo k i t qua khao sat, 60 CSOs vdi 1.209 nhdn vidn thi 40% CSOs cd s l nhan vien dudi 10 ngudi; 32% CSOs cd so nhdn vidn tu' 10 - 19 ngudi; dd chf cd 63% Id nhdn vien toan thdi gian Nhdm CSOs h i trp eho ngudi nhidm HIV cd s l nhdn vidn nhilu nhit so vdi cdc nhdm khde, bdi cd he thing cpng tdc vidn, vidn cOa cdc nhdm, cdu Bieu d l Nhi>ng khd khan cua CSOs h i trp tiep cdn tu phap NgSn s^ch Nhansv ThO tgc v4 lu$t CO'sd'h^t^ng Quan h$v*i chinh quy^n Nguin: LIN & Vipn Phat triln bin vung viing Nam Bd, 2011 lac bp, kha nhieu Trong dd, nhdm CSOs ho trp cho ngudi khuyit tdt can nhilu cing tde vien thi Igi rit thieu nhdn luc: To chirc TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI so 11 (195) 2014 dang g$p kho khan ve nhan sw, khong CO 60 ngip&i chi co ngw&i 6ieu hanh va khong nh$n Itfcrng ndn mol ngwai l$i phai CO cong vi^c rieng khae" (Dai dien CSOs h i trp- ngn nh^n bj buon ban) Trinh dp hoc van cua nhan vien da phin tu t i t nghiep p h i thdng trung hpc trd len (35,8% t i t nghiep p h l thong trung hpc; 46,5% t u trung d p trd len); ben cgnh cOng c6 tdi 17% chua tot nghiep thong trung hgc v l trinh dp chuyen mdn (dup'c xdc djnh blng cdc giay chung nh^n c6 tham gia cdc khod ddo tgo ngan hgn, ddi hgn, ddo tgo chinh quy ), ket qua khao sat cho thiy, tong s l 1.209 nhan vien thi CO 36,8% CO qua cdc khda ddo tgo ve cong tac xa hpi; % co chuydn mon v l phdt trien cpng ding, 24% co chuydn mon lugt/phdp ly vd 18,2% la trinh dp chuyen mon khde S l cdn bo co trinh dp chuyen mon hogc qua cdc khda ddo tgo ngan vd dai hgn v l lugt/phap I]? chilm ty le rit thip "Hien t^i to chwc cd 20 nhan vl§n la thwong xuyen ho?t dgng, nhimg khong c6 ngw&i nao chuyen tr^ch vi lu$t phap, phap ly", "Khong c6 ngw&i chuydn ve phap ly, nhan vi§n mai am 1^1 it nguvyl do c6 viec thi phai chay 66n ch^y dao" (Dgi dien CSOs h i trp' ngn nhdn bj buon ban) ThCr ba, kho khan vi thu tuc phap ly Viec nam bat cdc thong tin, van ban phap lugt cua cac CSOs dup'c thudng xuyen thyc hien, dudi nhilu hinh thuc khde Trpng dd tgp trung chu y l u Id qua cdng bdo, trdn bao dai, tham khao cac cdn bp nhd nudc Vi dg nhu theo doi cac van ban phdp lugt mdi tren cdng bdo thi 48% CSOs theo ddi thudng xuyen, 35% thinh thoang; 40% thudng xuydn tham khao cdn bp nha nudc/ca quan nha nudc; 90% thudng xuyen cap nhgt tren bdo dai Hau h i t CSOs khong cd nhan vien la lugt su hogc tinh nguyen vien Id lugt su chju trdch nhiem chtnh v l vi^c nay; chi cd khoang 12% CSOs cap nhat thdng tin phap lugt qua kdnh cung cap Bilu d l Mii'c dO tiep cgn thong tin phap lugt cua CSOs phan theo cac kenh thu thgp OH 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% S0% 00% 100% •TtxrOng tiuytn THntittioing • It/cTiLra t>so gio Nguin: LIN & Vien Phat triln ben vung vung Nam Bp, 2011 chinh thuc tu nhan vien/tinh nguyen vien Id lugt su Mac du cdc van ban phdp luat neu rat ro rdng, song cdc CSOs thudng gap khd khan vigc hieu vd van dgng cac quyln dup'c phdp ludt bao v^ va cac chuang trinh khuyin khich cua Chinh phu NGUYEN THI MINH CHAU - T|6P CAN HE THONG TIT PHAP CilA CAC vao thgc t l (55,3% ting s l 60 CSOs ggp khd khan v l van d l ndy); han ni>a mpt s l van ban phdp luat ehua phu hpp vdi tinh hinh thuc t l , chua cd su thing nhat v l each hilu vd vgn dgng giua cac dja phuang, giu'a ca quan nhd nude vd CSOs (xem Bilu d l 6) Trong qua trinh h i trp cdc nhdm dd bj t i n thupng, eac CSOs thudng ggp rdc can v l tu edeh phap nhan, nhilu CSOs cho rang, vi chua cd tu cdch phdp nhan chinh thuc ndn qud trinh ho trp eho nhien, nhilu •) kiln cho ring, vide phli k i t hpp giira cae ea quan nhd nudc va CSOs se mang Igi hidu qua han niu: mpt s l can bp nha nude cd su nhidt tinh han danh chp cdc nhdm xa hpi d l bj t i n thuang Nhilu dja phuang can bp ho trp rit nhipt tinh, tao dilu kipn thudn Ipi eho d l i tupng thu hudng va CSOs Bdn cgnh dd, mdt s l can bd "tudn thu nguyen t i c tuypt d l i " , chua linh hogt vide gldl quylt cae v l n d l , can trp su tilp edn hp thing tu phap, phin ndo da anh hudng d i n tam IJ e sp, Bieu Mirc dp kho khan vide hilu vd nggi t i l p cdn hp thing tu phdp, vgn dgng phap ludt va chinh sach ciia CSOs cdc van d l phap ly cua nhdm xd hpi d l bj t i n thuang Ngoai ra, mpt nhirng rao can hgn c h l khg ngng h i trp hidu qug cua cae CSOs la s u chia se thdng tin, nhu'ng kinh nghiem thuc tiln cOa cao CSOs Nhilg y kiln cho rang, cd rit nhilu trudng hpp KhAc Capnh^t Giai thich nn/chi#n Khfing cfi tuang tu lidn qugn d i n v l n d l thdch thirc phdp ly cOg cac nhdm d l bj t i n thuang, nhung cd CSOs h i trp rat Nguin: LIN & Vi#n Phat triln bin virng viing Nam Bd, 2011 tit, nhung cd CSOs thi lam khing hipu qua Mgc du theo kit qug cde nhdm dd bj t i n thuang ddi hdi phai khao sat djnh lupng, khoang 60% CSOs ed dau cua to chirc dirng bao vp, cho rang ed sg' hpp tac giu'a cae CSOs nhung phin Idn cdc CSOs d TPHCM qua trinh h i trp cho doi tupng thg hipn ehl ed dau vudng hudng, song qua cac cupc thap lugn Thif tw, thiiu sw chia se thdng tin giira nhdm cho thay cdn thilu vang sg chia se cac CSOs vi sw phoi kit hpp chat che cae tni'dng hpp, tinh huong eg thi giira CSOs va cac ca quan nhi nwdc cd K S T L U A N V A KieN NGH! lien quan Kit qua khao sat eho thiy cdc CSOs Ba s l CSOs d i u hpp tdc vdi eac cp quan nha nudc ed lidn quan de h i trp cho d l i tupng thg hudng tilp cdn vdi hp thing tu phap vd dgt nhieu niem tin vao cac ca quan/tl chuc nha nudc Tuy thdi gian qua da cd nhirng hogt dpng h i trp tieh eg-o eho ede nhdm xa hdi dd bj t i n thuang moi ITnh vgc Cac CSOs Id e l g n i l cho cdc nhdm xa hdi tilp cgn vdi hd thong tu phdp TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQl s l 11 (195) 2014 tilp c$n t u phdp Tuy nhien qud trinh triln khai hogt ddng thudng g$p mdt s6 khd khan khdch quan vd chu quan nhit djnh Trudc hit, dd Id nhung khd khan tu chinh t l chuc CSOs nhu khd khan v l ngdn sdch hogt dpng; khd khan v l nguin nhan Ig'c, dgc biet la thieu dpi ngu cd trinh dd chuyen mdn v l lugt ndn viec nam b^t thdng tin, hilu vd vgn dgng nhung quy djnh vdo thg-c tidn cdn ggp nhilu khd khdn, d i n d i n vi$c h i trp' cho cdc nhdm doi tup'ng thg hudng chua dgt hieg qga cao; nhdn vidn CSOs thilu cac ky nang hogc dd cd nhung chua nhay ben giai quyet tinh hulng Ngoai nhung khd khan chu quan, CSOs cdn ggp mpt so khd khdn khdch quan nhu thilu sg' kit noi chia se kinh nghiem giua cdc CSOs, sg* phli hp'p vdi cdc ca quan nha nudc chua hipu qua Tu thg-c t l tren, can day mgnh cac hogt dpng nang cao nang Ig'c cho cdc CSOs vdi sg- tham gia cOa cac t l chuc chinh quyen dja phuang, nhim dat dup'c mgc dich cuoi cung la tgo ca hpi, dilu kien thugn Ip'i va hieu qua, dam bao sg- blnh dang cho cdc nhdm xd hOi d l bj ton thuang • T A I L I $ U T R I C H DAN LIN &SISD 2012 C^c nhdm xa hdidi bjton thwang vd vai trd cua ciictd chuvxa hdi dan si/ vi$c t^o diiu kien tiip c$n h4 thing twphap ... xd hdi dd bj t i n thuang dupe xae dmh nghien ciru Id ngudi nghdo, ngudi khuyit tdt, ngydi ddn tpc thilu so, ngudi lao dpng nhdp eu, ngudi nhidm HIV, ngudi hdnh nghi mgi dam, ngn nhdn budn ban... tren nguin tu lipu nghidn eiru djnh tinh va djnh luang, khao sdt tgi 60 t l chd''c xa hdi (CSOs) d TPHCM Trude tiln hdnh cupc khap sat, Chung tdi da to chO''c cudc thao lugn nhdm tap trung vdi cac... cdc nhdm nhudn h i trp eho nhdm dli tuang xd hdi d l bj t i n thuang, J8.3« *3L nhim phat hipn vai trd ISW cua CSOs vide hd trp cae nhdm xd hpi d l bj t i n ts« thuang tilp cdn tu phap, ION 6.70K
Ngày đăng: 08/11/2022, 10:12
Xem thêm:
