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Nghien ciiu Gia d i n h va Gi6i S^ -2014 (JTng cua ngirai dan va cong flong xay bao luc gia flinh floi voi nguai cao tuoi Lo Viet PhLfcJng ViSn Nghien cifu Gia dinh va Gicn Trinh Thj Ngoc Anh Hoc vi^n Nong nghifep Viet Nam Tom tat: Dua tren so'lieu cua dieu tra ve ThUc trang bao lUc gia dinh, de xua't giai phap nham ngan chan, lam giam so'vu bao luc gia dinh nam 2012 va giai doan 2012-2016 dUOc thUc hien tai tmh Hai Phong, Yen Bai, Da Nang va Hau Giang nam 2012, bai viet tap trung phan tich ve thUc trang bao lUc gia dinh va nhiing ifng ciia ngUcfi dan cung nhU cpng dong viec giai quyet nhiing vu bao lUc gia dinh dd'i v6i ngUdi cao tuoi Ke't qua phan tich cho tha'y iing ciia ngifoi cao tuoi bi bao ldc gia dinh ra't khac Tuy danh gia cao vai tro ciia cac to chile viec can thiep va giai quyet cac van d^ bao lUc xay doi v6i ngUdi cao tuoi cf cpng dong, ho thUdng khong tim den sU giiip cua cac to chflc sU viec xay gia dinh TCf khda: Bao lUc gia dinh; Bao Iuc gia dinh doi vi3i ngUcli cao tuoi Bao luc gia dinh (BLGD) cd thi xuat phat tir nhiing khac biet hoac bat d6ng v^ Id'i song, nhiing chdnh lech giiia ky vpng va vai trd thuc le giua cac vidn Theo bao cao tdng hgp ttr cac dia phucmg sd vu BLGD dugc ghi nhan trdn toan qud'c la khoang trdn 70 ngan vu moi nam, tfnh tir lfi Nghien curu Gia dinh va Gi6i Quyen 24, so 6, tr 15-26 nam 2009 den (day la sfl' lieu difOc ghi nhSn til 57/64 tinh thanh) Trong tinh Quang Nam duoc ghi nhSn la dia phuong co sfi vu bao luc duocthong ke cao nhat cho du cung cd xu hucing giam din nhung nam gSn day Nam 2009 duoc ghi nhan vcti gSn 13.000 vu, nam 2010 hon 8.000 vu den nam 2011 chi hon 3.000 vu (Bo Van hoa, The thao va Du lich, 2012) Bao luc va ngugc dai la van de ma ngudi cao tudi (NCT) co the' gap phai moi xa hoi, dan toe, ton giao, chijng toe d moi vi thekinh te xa hpi Bao luc doi vdi NCT dugc phat hien phan ldn la cac vien gia dinh gay (Administration on Aging-US 1998 Trfch lai tir Tran Thi Hong, 2013) Chii de BLGD d6i vdi NCT da dugc nghien ciru thM gian qua, nhien, chua co nhieu nghien c»u ve chi de Bao luc doi vdi NCT thucmg dugc de cap nhu mot khfa canh cac nghien ctiu ve NCT, quan he gia dinh, BLGD, bao luc doi vdi phu nfi Dieu tra ve thuc trang BLGD, de xutt giai phap nham ngan chan, lam giain sd vii BLGD nam 2012 va giai doan 2012-2016 Bd Van hda The thao va Du lich phdi hgp vdi Vien Nghien ciru Gia dinh va Gidi thuc hien nam 2012 la mgt sd ft nghien ciiu ddc lap ve bao luc ddi \'di NCT Cugc dieu tra da phdng van 242 NCT (tuoi tit 60 tro len, cd sdng chung vdi cai da xay dung gia dinh) ve linh trang bao luc ddi vdi NCT cung nhu ling phd ciia ngudi dan, ciia cdng ddng can thiep va giai quyet bao lire Trudc dd, ket qua dilu tra NCT cua Uy ban Qudc gia ve Ngudi cao tudi nam 2007 cho biet tinh trang ngugc dai NCT phd bie'n d ndng thdn hon thi (9,59% ,so vdi 2,37%), Dieu cd nghia la cd mgt ty le dang ke nhirng NCT Viet Nam dang phai sdng chung vdi bao luc va phan ldn NCT chiu cac hanh vi bao luc, ngugc dai chau gay Ddi vdi mdt sd qudc gia tren the' gidi, cac giai phap can thiep va phdng chd'ng BLGD thudng dugc thuc hien thdng qua phap luat, cac dich vu xa hdi, cac chuang trinh y te' sure khde va cac giai phap phd'i hgp giira cac nhdm cdng ddng hay nhdm dd'i tugng ciia BLGD Vdi mdt nen tang phap ly (phe chuan tham gia cdng udc CEDAW - 1982; ky ke't cac hiep udc va cam ke't qudc te vC quyln ngudi cd lien quan de'n viec xda bd tinh trang BLGD; Luat Binh dang gidi ~ 2006; Luat Phdng, chdng BLGD 2007) va cam ke't manh me ciia Chfnh phii cdng tac phdng, chd'ng va d^y lui nan BLGD, rat nhieu hoat dgng tuyen truyln, van ddng phdng, chd'ng BLGD (PCBLGD) da dugc trien khai o cac cap, cac ban nganh, doan the va cac dia phucmg tren toan qud'c Tuy nhien, su tham gia cua cac ban nganh doan thi ciia chfnh quyen cOng nhu cac ca nhan cd hdn quan cdng tac PCBLGD d dia phuong vjn cdn cd nhiing han che nha't L6 Viet PhUdng & T r i n h T h i N g p c A n h 17 djnh Dd'i vdi cac ddi tupng bj bao luc, dac biet la phu nii va ngudi gia, nhiing ting phd va each giai quyd't ciia ho vdi cac vS'n de bao luc cua ban than cung hoan loan khac Nhimg cau hoi dat la: Quan dilm cua ngudi dan ve trach nhipm ciia cac to chirc, ca nhan cong tac PCBLGD d dia phucfng la gi? Vai trd cua cac t6 chtic, ca nhan viec tham gia can thidp xir \^ cac vu BLGD? Nhiing utig phd ciia ngudi bi bao lire vide guii quye't linh trang bao luc ciia ban than la gi? Quan diem cua NCT ve trach nhiem cua cac ca nhan ddn vj viec phong chong BLGD tai dia phucfng Quan di^m ciia NCT v^ cac td chii'c, ca nhan cd trach nhidm va hoat ddng hidu qua cdng tac phong chd'ng BLGD ndi chung va tai dia phUdng noi ridng duac quan tam nghidn ciiu V^ trach nhidm cua cac ca nhan, td chirc cdng tac PCBLGD tai dja phucmg, theo ghi nhan tii kd't qua nghidn ciru, hSu he't cac ca nhan va td chiic d(^u dUdc ghi nhan cd trach nhidm cdng tac PCBLGD Trong dd, cdng an/dan quan, trudng phd thdn/td/ a'p, uy ban nhan dan, vidn id hda giai va vidn gia dinh la cac ca nhan va td chiic duoc gan trach nhidm cr miic cao nha't (xem Bang 1) Ve trach nhidm chinh cdng tac PCBLGD, cdng an/dan quan, trucmg phd thdn/td/a'p, iiy ban nhan dan ciing la cac dcm vj dugc cho rang chiu trach nhidm chfnh ddi vdi hoat ddng PCBLGD tai dia phuang Trong dd, cdng an/dan quan duac cho la don vj chiu trach nhiem chinh cdng tac PCBLGD tai dia phucmg vdi ty le cao nhat (26,6%) Gan lien vdi chiic nang, nhidm vu ciia nganh cdng an day la don vi dugc ngudi dan cho rang cd trach nhidm chi'nh viec can thiep va giai quyd't cac vu viec BLGD Trudng/phd thdn/td va uy ban nhan dan cung la dcm vi dugc cho rang chju trach nhidm chinh; dd, ddi vdi cac doan the xa hpi, chi cd Hdi Phu nif (7,5%) va vien td hoa giai (5,8%) dugc ghi nhan la cd trach nhidm chfnh cdng tac PCBLGD Cac doan thd xa hdi khac nhu Doan Thanh nidn Hpi NCT, Hdi Cuu chien binh khdng nhan dugc hoac nhan dugc danh gia rat tha'p ve viec chiu trach nhidm chinh cdng tac PCBLGD Dd'i vdi cac ca nhan td chirc hoat ddng cdng lac PCBLGD, trudng/phd thdn/td; cdng an/dan quan va Hpi Phu nu la dcm vi dugc ghi nhan cd hoat dpng hieu qua nha'l, vdi ty le lira chpn tuang ung la 63,6%; 59,5% va 36% Dieu dang noi la trucmg/phd thdn/td; cdng an/dan quan ia cac ca nhan, td chiic dugc ghi nhan d ty le cao ve trach nhiem thuc hien va trach nhiem chfnh cdng tac PCBLGD tai dia phuong cung la cac ca nhan, dan vj 18 Nghien cUu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 24, so 6, tr 15-: Bang \ Quan niem ciia NCT ve cac ca nhan td churc c6 trach nhiem va hoat dong hieu qua cong tac PCBLGD {%) Cac Cli nhan/ to churc C&iig an, dan quan Trirong/pho ttion, to, a'p ijy ban nhfln dan Thanh vien Irong gia dmh Thanh vien to hoa gidi Hoi Ptivi m'r Ngircfi CO Liy tin dong ho ca'p liy chi bfi Hoi NCT Doan Thanh nien Can bfi van hoa Ban be Ngucri CO ny n'n c6ng dong Thanh V I C H ' H D N D Mat Iran t6 quoc Can b6 tu phap Hang xom Can bo y te H6i Cuu chien binh Hoi N6ng dan Nha truang Chi'rc sBic ton gifio trach nhiem 96,7 96.3 90,9 90,5 92.1 S8,8 83,9 75.3 83.5 70,7 75.2 69.8 71.1 45.0 74.8 78 t 83.1 66.9 73.1 70.2 57.0 40,9 Chiu trach nhiem chmh 26.6 22.4 19,1 10.4 5.S 7.5 0.8 1.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0,4 1,2 2.1 Hoat dong hieu qua nhut 59.5 63.6 24,0 12,4 30.2 36,0 3,7 9.1 10,3 1.7 0.8 0,4 2.5 0,8 12.4 5.4 5,0 4.1 3.3 0.8 0.4 duac ghi nhan vd hoat dgng cd hieu qua nhfl't Khac vdi hai dgn vj Hpi Phu nir khdng phai la dan vj dugc ghi nhan chiu trach nhiem chfnh irong cdng tac PCBLGD tai dja phuong nhung iai dugc danh gia ia don vi hoat dpng cd hieu qua Sir nhidt tinh, nang nd cua cac can bg phu nir tai dia phuang cdng tac PCBLGD dugc NCT danh gia cao U'ng cua ngu'di dan va cong dong vdi cac hanh vi bao lUC vdi NCT tai dia phucfng 2.1 LTng phd ciia ngirdi dan va cong ddng ddi vdi cac hanh vi bao lire, ngugc dai cha me gia gia dinh Cdc bdnh vi bao life, ngifac ddi NCT chdu dd tdng gdy Khdng nhieu NCT thii-a nhan ve cac hanh vi bao iuc ma cai tim gay Trong 242 NCT tham gia nghidn ciiu co 8.7% tirng bi cai ^ nhuc iang ma; 6,2% tilng bi cai khdng quan tam cham ,sdc ve the ch ''' L6 Vigt Phifdng & T r i n h T h i Ngoc A n h 19 5.4% ttmg bi cai khdng quan tam ve tinh cam; 3,3% tfimg bi cai de dpa; 1.7% timg bj cai tranh gianh thira ke'; 1.2% tiing bi danh dap; cd ngudi timg bi cai tu y sir dung tidn tid't kiem/ thu nhap cua ban than va ngudi timg bi cai cam doan giao tie'p Cac hanh vi bao luc ma NCT da tirng trai qua nhieu nha't dugc chia se d day la bao Iuc v^ tinh than, su si nhuc, lang ma, sir khdng quan tam ciia cai cung khie'n NCT bl roi vao cam giac cd don Dieu dang ndi la cd NCT da timg chiu nhieu loai hanh vi bao lire ttr chau Cd thd thay rang vdi sd lieu hidn cd bao luc vdi NCT khudn khd dieu tra khdng phai la va'n de dang quan ngai mac dti van dau dd nhiing ngudi cd hanh vi ngugc dai cha me Di^u chting tdi ban khoan day thuc su la hidn trang cua hanh vi bao luc cua cai vdi NCT hay NCT cdn ne tranh chia se vd cudc sd'ng thuc ciia hg Cdc hdnh vi bgo lite, ngirac ddi NCT gap phdi irong 12 thdng qua Mac dti khdng cd nhieu trudng hgp NCT ttmg bi cai ngugc dai dugc ghi nhan nhung chu ye'u cac trudng hgp lai xay 12 thang qua so vdi thdi diem dieu tra Cu the, cd 21 trudng hgp cai hdn lao, si nhuc cha me gia thi cd 12 trudng hgp xay khoang thdi gian 12 thang qua; cd cha me gia ttmg bj de dga thi trudng hgp xay 12 thang qua; cd 15 trudng hgp cha me gia khdng nhan dugc suquan tam cham sdc ve vat cha't ttr cai thi cd 11 xay 12 thang qua; cd 13 trudng hop khdng nhan dugc su quan tam cua cai ve tinh cam thi cd 10 irudng hgp 12 thang qua; cd trudng hgp cai gay siic ep d^ tranh gianh thtra kd', ddi tai san vdi cha me gia thi cd vu xay 12 thang qua Dieu cho tha'y, mdt bg phan NCT \'an phai chiu nhiing siic ep, nhiing chan dgng tam iy nhiing hanh vi bao lire tinh than tir cai Ngifdi gdy BLGD cho NCT PhSn ldn cac vu ngugc dai cha me gia la trai hoac dau gay Cac vu bao luc ngugc dai cha me gia gai hay re xay ft hem Khi dugc hoi ve mdt hanh vi ma chau gay anh hudng nghidm trgng dd'n su an toan va cuoc sd'ng ciia NCT, 28 tdng sd 242 NCT (11,6%) cho bie't hg tung trai qua cam giac Si nhuc, lang ma la mdt nhiing hanh vi ma nhidu NCT gap phai \'a khien cho hg cam tha'y ma't an toan cugc sd'ng nhat Mac dii khdng nhieu trudng hgp ghi nhan su khdng quan tam ve vat cha't va tinh cam ciia cai nhung day cung la ndi bat an khdng nho ddi vdi cudc sd'ng cua NCT Ddi sdng tinh than "khoe manh" thuc su cd y nghTa dd'i vdi cugc sdng ctia NCT, nhirng tdn hai v^ linh than cd the khid'n cho NCT tha'y be tac cugc sdng 20 Nghien cUu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 24, so6,tr 15-26 Khdng cd trudng hgp NCT bj bao luc den gay thucmg tich hay phai di kham va dieu tri nhung nhihig tdn hai ve tinh than la dilu khdng ih^ tranh khoi NCT bj ngugc dai Trong sd 28 NCT bj ngugc dai bdi chau thi 19 ngudi cho rang bi anh hudng va ngudi bi anh hudng nhidu den siic khde va tinh than Nguyen nhdn ciia cdc vu bga i life dd't vdi NCT Con cai gap khd khan ve tai chi'nh (11/28 trudng hgp), say rugu (10/28 trudng hgp) hay mau thuan smh hoat hang (7/28 trudng hgp) la nguydn nhan chinh NCT cho rang khien hg bl nguac dai bdi chau Tham chf, trucmg hgp NCT bj cai nguac dai ma khdng xac dinh dugc nguyen nhan la gi (khdng CO ly dac biet) Nhimg khac bidt sinh hoat hang cung la nhiing nguyen nhan can ban khid'n NCT bi cai ray la can nhan, mSng md Khdng mudn lo chuyen, "im lang" la phan img hgp ly ma NCT cho rang minh ndn lira chgn "BQa cdm hom toi nau, no bao ; cdm hom nhao nay, mai nau Cling hdn thi no lai bao cdm hom cUng qua Hay la noi canh, minh • cho nhat, no bao nhat, man thi no • bao man No di lam ve no bao nha ' khong lam dUdc cdm, no chui: lam kho bo me ma gid khong c6 cdm ma an Toi nghT toi gia ma an dUdc : ntia la no, vi du the nhung ma toi khong dam noi Con chiri bdi to ' thi khong dau No muon noi the nao j thi noi, toi khong not, the la yen het" "Khong biet lam the nao cho vira \ phai vdi no Cho canh thi no bao : man qua nay, nhat qua Ma minh : khong lam thi no tiic, no chui ; no NhUng ma no co biet lam dau, ch? CO th^ng gia thoi Con nd cdn dang hoc, toi phai no nQa" (Nam, 75 tuoi, nan nhan bao li/c doi ' vdi NCT,'Yeri Bai) Su ba't luc ciia tudi gia da't , : dai nha cira thi da "nhudng" cho cai dting ten het mgi quye't dinh hien lai thi khdng dugc tham gia "Khdng khdng hdi y kie'n gi he't nd quyel dinh No muon mua gi tlii miiei mud'n hdn gi thi hdn Idm thi Idm ke no Oi twi den cdi chuyen da'y till nhuc Idm cog nhifng vdn phdi chiu minh d cung chdng ditac hao nhieu ndm Chiing nd cho dn cdi gi thi duac cat da'y Minh khong cd lien tiu chiu" (Nam, 75 tudi, nan nhan bao luc ddi vdi NCT Yen Bai) NCT duong nhu cung khd tam, day dirt khdng dugc quan tam ve vat cha't cho du co sir thdng cam vdi nhiing kho khan ve kinh te ciia cai: "Cung kho Idm nhifng phdi chiu thai Xin cdc thi chi xin duac mgt Idn ihdi chir un difac mdi d? No cimg phdi di tim cdi dn cdi udng ciia no chif Nd cd ciia ddu md cho minh mdl" (Nam 75 tudi, nan nhan bao luc L6 Viet PhUcing & T r i n h T h i Ngoc A n h 21 ddi vdi NCT, Ydn Bai) ung cita NCT bi bgo life NCT thudng tim dd'n sir trg giiip ciia ngudi than gia dinh hem la tim dd'n cac ca nhan, td chiic xa hgi de can thiep, xir ly cac trudng hgp BLGD Trong sd nhirng NCT bj bao Iuc tir chau, cd 16/28 ngudi tim dd'n nhiing ngudi khac dd' tim su trg giiip va 13 NCT nhan dugc su tra giiip sau xay cac vu vide bao luc va nhung trg giiip d^u cai thidn tinh hinh td't hem Sau cai NCT bi bao lire thucmg tim dd'n anh chi em rudt de cd dugc sir can thiep, trg giup Ra't ft NCT tim den cac td chirc, doan th^ d dia phucmg d^ can thidp dd'n cac vu BLGD, chi co NCT tim dd'n td trudng td dan phd va hang xdm de cd dugc su tra giiip bi cai gay bao lire Ke't qua khac vdi nhiing nhan dinh vd su tham gia eiia cdng ddng, eae id ehiic, ca nhan d dja phucmg su can thidp dd'n cae vu vide cai ngugc dai cha me la NCT da phan tich trdn day Ngudi dan dia phuong danh gia cac td ehiic, doan th^ da tham gia rai tich cue vide can thiep va giai quyd't nhiing vu viec bao Iuc vdi NCT Ly NCT khong nhd sir lra giiip cita chinh quyen va cdc id chifc doan the Trong sd' nhirng trudng hgp khdng tim dd'n su trg giiip d^ giai quyd't cac van de bao luc, hau hd't NCT so mang tieng xa'u cho gia dinh (39%) Bang Nhutig ngu6i/noi nan nhan BLGD thudng tim den su trg giiip (%) Nhiing ngififi/n(ri tim sir tnr gitip HOI Ciru clii£n binh Nha irircmg Can tio van hda xa hoi Hfli NCT Cong an/ dan qufui Thiinh vien Hoi d6ng nhan dSn Anh chl cm NCT Truong ihon, lei Iriicmg Io dan pjio Ngufri CO uy Ihi Irong ho M:il Iran [6 quoc Ho hiing hen ver NgitcJi CO uy tin cong dong Tyle 0,0 0,0 3,6 3.6 10,7 3,6 21.4 17,9 7,1 3,6 iO.7 10,7 Nhiirng ngir&i/ noi tim sit tro giup Hpi Nong dan Chirc sdc lon giao Can bo y iS' Doan Thanh men Ciin bo tu phap Cap liy, chl bfl Anh chlem vo/chong To hoa giai Uy ban nhan dan Hoi Pliu IIU Ho hiing ben chong Hang xom Con cai Tjli0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0.0 7.1 7,1 7,1 3,6 3,6 10,7 17,9 'i7,l 22 Nghien ciiu Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 24, so 6, tr 15-26 hoac cho rang hdnh vi khdng nghiem trgng (35.7%); 17,9% nggi ngdn xdu ho; 7,1 % la sa bi de dga va tiu Id khdng difffc giiip da nen khdng lim ^u trg giiip ttr ben ngoai Nhin chung NCT bj bao lire thudng co xu hudng "hudng ngi" d^ tim sir trg giiip hoac im lang, chju dung hem la lim de'n su trg giiip cf bdn ngoai Vdi tam Iy xau hd s.g didu tidng cho gia dinh hg thucmg mud'n giau tinh trang thai ciia ban than dd' ed dugc cam giac cugc sdng yen binh llic tuoi gia Ciing cd trudng hgp NCT budc phai nhd cay dd'n chi'nh quyen dia phuang de giai quyd't tinh trang dat dai cho minh Tuy nhidn, cho de'n thdi didm didu tra, van khdng co dgng thai giai quyd't tir chfnh quy^n dja phuang: 'Tdi dd Idm Idn dan nlitoig khdng dugc Gid len thdn nn ihon chuyen len xd, nhifiig hg khong gidi quyet Tdi bdo Id dd'i tdi si'f dung lit nam 58 11958] iihiotg ldi dd nhudng cho Vi ldi gid rdt nen lai nhicdng cho difng ten vd tdi a vdi no Nhioig gid nd khdng cbo idi a vd tdi khdng d cluing vdi no nifa llu nhdxd gidi quyet lra lgi so dd cho tdi Xu bdo Id sd ndy 15 ndm mdi daac doi Igi Bdy gid chtfa dd'i ditgc Tren xd khdng cd quyen Khong CO quyen thi chiu rdi' (Nam 75 tudi nan nhan BLGD, Ydn Bai) Sir can ihiep ciia cgng ddng Trong sd cac trudng hgp NCT bi cai ngugc dai nghiem trgng, chi cd vai trudng hgp bj gdp y, phd binh tai cdng ddng; bj phat hanh chfnh; hay bi phat canh cao va giao due tai dia phuong Nhin chung, cac bien phap xir ly ddi vdi cae trudng hgp cai ngugc dai cha me gia chua dugc thuc hien nhieu 2.2 iTng phd ciia ngirdi dan va cong dong ddi vdi cac hanh vi bao lire, ngugc dai cha me gia d dja phuong theo ghi nhan cua NCT Nhirng phan tfch dudi day ve cac vu vide bao Iuc dd'i vcri NCT d cdng ddng nhirng NCT nghien ciiu chiing kid'n se giiip cho ngudi dgc nhin nhan loan dien hem ve BLGD dd'i vdi NCT d dia ban nghidn cihi va each giai quyet cua NCT bj bao luc cung nhu cdng ddng Hdnh vi bgo life, ngitgc ddi cha me gid ddia phuang Danh gia vd miic dg tang - giam cua cac hanh vi bao luc ngugc dai vdi NCT, 58,7% tdng sd 242 NCT cho rang eae hanh vi nguge dai ddi vdi NCT d dja phuang nam gan day co xu hudng giam di; 13.2% cho rang miie nhu cu va 19,8% cho bid't cd sir tang ldn Chi cd 100 tdng so 242 ngudi dugc hoi cho bid't hg liing chiing kid'n cac vu BLGD vdi NCT khac d dja phuong Cac hanh vi bao lire bdi L6 Viet Phiidng & Trinh Thi Ngpc Anh 23 Bieu L Ty Id NCT danh gia co xay cac hanh vi bao luc, nguoc dai vdi cha me gia d dia phuong (%) Si nhuc Ii6n ldo Diiiiii Jap De do.i Tiaiili gi.inh iliir,ikc Kliong qiian iam cham soc ve v;li chai KhoLig quan lam cham soc ve lmh than Sir dung Ihu nhap ma b6' me kh6ng dfing y Nhoi cS'm dl 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 chau dd'i vdi NCT dugc phan anh nhieu nha't (a si nhuc, hdn lao vdi cha me (38%); 23% trudng hgp cai danh dap cha me gia; 17% de dga bd me; gSn 10% cha me gia phai chju canh cai tranh gianh thira kd' Mdt so y kie'n cho bid't d dia phuong da cd trudng hop cai tu y sir dung thu nhap/tid't kidm ma khdng nhan dugc su ddng y ciia NCT hay nhdt NCT nha, nhidn, mirc khdng nhilu (Bilu 1) Bdn canh dd, mdl so NCT khdng nhan dugc su quan tam, cham sdc ve vat cha't va tinh than tii chau (4%) Dd'i vdi NCT, su bd mac ciia cai, sU cd dan cua tudi gia cd thi gay nhiing tdn hai ve tam ly, nhiing tdn thuong vd tinh than khdng gi bii dap dugc Stf can thiep ciia cdc lo chifc, doan the doi vc/i cdc Irifdng hgp hgo Itfc vdi cha me Id NCT a cgng dSug Trong so 100 y kid'n ghi nhan cd xay bao luc ddi vdi NCT d cdng ddng, cd 76 y kien ndu \i sU can thiep, hd trg cua cac td chirc, ca nhan Theo danh gia ciia ngirdi dan, td trudng td dan phd la vidn tham gia nhilu nha't vide giai quyd't cac vu vide cai ngugc dai cha mc cao tudi d dia phuang (76,3%) Bdn canh dd, cac doan thd xa hdi d dia phuong cung dugc ghi nhan la cac vidn tich cue tham gia giai quye't cac vu vide bao luc dd'i vdi NCT: 48,7% vu cd sutham gia cua Hgi Phu nii; 42,1% cd su tham gia ciia hdi NCT; 36,8% cd su tham gia ciia cdng an/dan quan va 34,2% cd sU tham gia cua Mat tran td qudc 24 Nghien ciiti Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 24, so 6, tr 15-26 Bang Cac ca nhan/ to chirc tham gia can thiep, hd trg giai quyet BLGD tai dia phuong theo danh gia ciia NCT (%) Cac ca nhan.' to chijc CO SII So tham gia can thiep, ho tro giai quyet BLGD luong Tmdng then/ to tiuimg TDP 5« 49 47 Hang xom Thanh vien to hoa giai Thanh vien gia dinh H6i Phu no NCT Cong an, dan quan HOI Mai tran lo quoc Hoi Cuu chien bmh ca'p liy, chi bo Ngobi CO UV tin Irong ho T.yle Cae ca nhan/16 chijc cd sir tham gia can thiep, hd tro giai qu.vel BLGD 76,3 Ban be 64,5 Uy ban nhiln dan Ngudl cd uy lin irong cdng dong 61,« 44 37 32 28 57,9 36,K Gin bd iu phap Thanh vidn Hdi dong nhdn dan 26 21 21 20 34,2 Can bd van hda Ka hdi 27,6 27,6 Can bd y le' Nha Irudng 26,3 Chdc sac tdn giao 4»,7 42,1 H6i Ndng dan Doan Thanh mdn Sd Tyle iuang 20 19 17 26.3 17 11 22.4 « 3 25.0 22.4 14.5 ll.K 10,5 7,9 5,3 3.9 3.9 Cdc bien phdp xif ly BLGD ciia cdc id chifc cd nban d dia phifang Cac bidn phap xu Iy ciia cac td chiic, ca nhan ddi vdi 76 vu bao Iuc, ngugc dai cha me gia tai cgng ddng dugc ghi nhan chii yd'u la can ngan va hoa giai tai chd (73/76 vu viec, tuang duang 96,1%); bao vdi ngudi co trach nhidm xu iy 44,7%; kidm diem ngudi gay bao luc 43.4%; giiip nan nhan tam Ianh 36,8%; xii ly hanh chi'nh vdi ngudi gay bao Itrc 17,1% Theo quan sat ciia NCT, cac bidn phap deu dugc danh gia cd hieu qua, gdp phan Iam giam thieu cac hanh vi bao luc ngugc dai cha me gia tai cgng ddng Tuy nhidn xu ly hanh chinh \-a kiem diem ngudi gay bao luc la cac bidn phap dugc cho rang mang tinh hinh thiic, chua thue su hidu qua so vcd cac bien phap khac vide xit ly BLGD tai dja phuong Bidn phap giiip nan nhan tam lanh dugc hd trg nhi^u cho cac trucmg hgp NCT bj cai danh dap va si nhuc Theo ghi nhan cua ngudi dan, hanh vi cai danh dap cha me gia cung la hanh vi cd su can thidp nhieu nhat cua cac ca nhan va td chiic tai dja phuong Su khdng quan tam cham sdc ve vat cha't va tinh than ciia cai vdi cha me gia la hanh vi it dugc phat hidn hon nen ngucri dan cung khdng phan anh dugc cac bidn phap can thidp, xu Iy kjp thai Khdng nhieu cac vu vide tranh gianh thira kd' dugc ghi nhan d cgng ddng (8 vu) nhung cac hinh thiic can thidp cua ciic td chiic, ca nhan kha tich eue L6 Viet Phtfdng & Trinh Thi Ngoc Anh Bang Cac hinh thiic xu ly bao Iuc theo cac hanh vi cua chau doi vai NCT (sd \u) Cac Iianh vi bao Itrc Si nhuc h6n lao vol bo me De doa bo me Danh dap bO' me Sli dung thu nhap ma bd me khong d6ng ^ KhOiig quan tam ciiam soc bo me vd vat chat Khong quan tam cham soc bo' me v^ tinh than Tranh gianh thtra ice' Bao vdli ngtltii Kiem diem ngudi gay bao luc Xiily hanh chinh Can ngan hoa giiii tai cho Gitip nan nhan tam lanh 30 13 trach nhiem xulv 12 10 31 15 16 i 11 15 16 0 0 1 ,3 i Tting so vu Ban luan Cho dd'n nay, BLGD la mgt nhiing van de can cd su can thidp, giai quye't khdng ehi d pham vi gia dinh, ddng hg ma can cd sir tham gia ciia cac ban nganh, doan thd cung nhu cac ca nhan lai edng ddng Chi BLGD khdng la chuydn ridng sau "mdi canh cira" thi cae va'n di nguge dai, bao lue mdi eo kha nang dugc giai quye't Chi'nh quyen eae cap, dac bidl la cong an, thue su ed vai trd quan trgng vide xir ly dd'i vdi ngucri gay bao luc va giai quye't tinh trang BLGD Theo quan dilm ciia ngudi dan, cdng an va dan quan la td chLi:c cd trach nhidm quan trgng vide bao vd su an toan eho nan nhan va xii ly ngudi gay bao lire Trong cac bien phap hd trg dugc cho la cd hieu qua cdng tac PCBLGD, ean ngan va hda giai tai chd la bien phap dau tien ma cgng ddng ihudng thuc hidn ddi vdi cac vu BLGD Neu tinh trang BLGD khdng giam nhe, ngudi dan se bao vdi nguai cd traeh nhidm tid'p tuc xir ly nhu cdng an, dan quan, chinh quyln dja phuong td trudng td dan phd Bao lire giiia ehau dd'i vdi NCT eung dugc ghi nhan Con cai si nhuc, hdn Mo la hanh vi ngugc dai ma eha me gia thudng gap phai nha't NCT thudng bj bao luc ngugc dai trai va dau han la gai va rd Dieu dang luu tam la irong cgng ddng danh gia cao ve vai trd ciia cac td chiic, ca nhan vide ean thidp va giai quyet cac van de bao 26 Nghien cCili Gia dinh va Gidi Quyen 24, so 6, tr 15-26 lire ddi vdi NCT tht NCT bj bao luc lai cho rang hg rat it tim dd'n sir giup dd cua cac td chiic Nhung ghi nhan ciia NCT cho tha'y co cac each thiic iing phd khac dd giai quyd't cac vu vide bao lire vdi NCT Su tham gia ciia cdng ddng va cac doan thd xa hdi dugc danh gia la tich cue va hidu qua vide giai quye't cac vu vide bao Iuc, ngugc dai NCT ma hg chihig kid'n d cgng ddng Trong dd ddi vdi 28 trudng hgp NCT bi bao Iuc, ho thudng tim dd'n sir trg giiip ciia nhung ngudi khac gia dinh hoac anh chj em rudt hon la tim dd'n sU tig giiip cua cac td chirc, doan the xa hdi NCT cung cd xu hudng tim dd'n cac ca nhan khac ngoai cdng ddng nhu tnrdng thdn/ td trudng td dan phd; ngudi cd uy tfn cdng ddng; ngudi cd uy tin ddng hg Phan irng hudng ndi hay "khdng lam Idn chuydn" gap bao luc, ngugc dai bdi chau la NCT mudn gia'u ve tinh trang bao luc ciia ban than va phan nao la su giiip d5 ciia cac td chi'rc, doan thd chua thuc su nhu mong doi Day la mdt nhiing nghien ciiu ban dau vd ihig phd ciia NCT cac trudng hop bi BLGD nen chi cd 28 NCT ndi vc Einh trang bao luc ciia ban than Trong bai viet nay, cung chi cd 01 trudng hgp cu thd la nan nhan bao lire la ngudi cao tudi dugc phan tt'ch Nhiing ghi nhan, danh gia ban dau hy vgng giiip cho chiing ta nhin nhan ro hern vl phan iing, each xit ly va danh gia ciia NCT giai quyd't cac vu viec bao luc ma ban than hg la nan nhan hay cac vu viec xay d dja phirong • Tai lieu trich dan Bo Van hoa - The ihao va Du ljch, Tdng cue Tiidng ke, Vien Gia dinh vii Gidi Quy Nhi dong Lien hiep qud'c 2008 Ket qua dieu lra gia dinh Viet Nam niim 2006 Ha Noi Bo Vfin hoa - The thao va Du lich 2012 Tdng hgp bdo ciio dia phifang ndm 2012 Tdng cue Tho'ng ke 2010 Ket qud tif nghien cifu qudc gia vi- hgo life gia dinh vif] phu nd d Viet Nam Ha Npi Tran Thi Hong 2013 Nghien i ifu bgo life ddi vdi ngifdi cao ludi Viel Nam Irong gia dhih - Moi sdvdn dedal (Dl tai cfip co sd nam 2013) UNFPA 2012 Plidng ihdng vd ifng ddi vdi hgo lire gia dinh a Viei NamBdi lux n'fnio hinh can thiep lgi tinh Phii Thg va Ben Tre Vien Gia dinh va Gidi 2008 Dien Inen i ita hgo life gia dinh nhdng phin hien tif mgt ciigi nghien i ifu dinh dnh Nxb Khoa hpc Xii hoi Hii Ndi ... nghien ctiu ve NCT, quan he gia dinh, BLGD, bao luc doi vdi phu nfi Dieu tra ve thuc trang BLGD, de xutt giai phap nham ngan chan, lam giain sd vii BLGD nam 2012 va giai doan 2012-2016 Bd Van... cho gia dinh hg thucmg mud''n giau tinh trang thai ciia ban than dd'' ed dugc cam giac cugc sdng yen binh llic tuoi gia Ciing cd trudng hgp NCT budc phai nhd cay dd''n chi''nh quyen dia phuang de giai... tham gia giai quye''t cac vu vide bao luc dd''i vdi NCT: 48,7% vu cd sutham gia cua Hgi Phu nii; 42,1% cd su tham gia ciia hdi NCT; 36,8% cd su tham gia ciia cdng an/dan quan va 34,2% cd sU tham gia
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