4 Đánh giá mức độ bền vững cộng đồng tái định cư thủy điện bằng phương pháp thước đo BS và chỉ số LSI.pdf

1 * NGHIEN COU Oanh gia mure ben vurng cong dong tai djnh cir thuy dien bang phirong phap thirdc BS va chl so LSI ThS DO XUAN 0 c Dgi hgc Qudc Gia Hd Noi ThS.VU THI NU Dgi hgc Tdy Bac his article presents the evaluation of 6S (Barometer of Sustainability) and LSI (Local Sustainability Index) These methods integrate ecological and human criteria in assessing community resettlement to determine sustainability, cost effectiveness and time of resettlement measures The analytical results indicate that there exist potential threats to the sustainability of community resettlement BS and LSI are effective complementary tools for managers and policy makers in identifying post-resettlement solutions in a sustainable manner, contributing to sustainable poverty reduction, social security promotion, living standards improvement, environmental protection and development of new rural community 1.MO DAU Phflrtng phip thfldc dd ben vflng BS (Barometer of Sustamability) Igp dfla tren thang phflc lpi sinh thai - tfl nhien vi phuc loi xi hpi - nhin van, mdi mang gdm chi thi dtfn cd trpng sd ngang Phfle lpi sinh thai - tfl nhien gdm: dat, nflde, khdng khi, da dgng sinh hoc, sfl dicing hop ly tii nguyen Phfle Ifli xa hpi - nhan vin gom: sflc khde cong ddng, viec lam/thu nhgp, hpe van, trit tfl an toin xa hdi, binh dang xa hdi Trong trfldng hpp dat hieu 54 j Mol trudng So 10/201' Bai bdo trinh bay ket qua vfng dung phitdng phdp BS va LSI CO sijfdung cac tieu chi tfch bap sinh thdi vd nhd vdn, viec ddnh gid cong dong tdi dinh cW(TDC) ben vOfng hay chud ben i^ulng se dOn gian, it ton kinh phi, rut ngdn thcd gian Kit qud phdn tich bang thUdtc 85 va chi so LSI chi nhCfng nguy ccf tiem dn de dpa den qud trinh phdt trien ben vCtng cong dong TDC hien tai va tuong lai Dieu se Id cong cu ho trd cho cdc nha qudn ly, hogch dinh chinh sdch TDC bo sung, dieu chin cdc gidi phdp hdu tdi dinh cit theo hitdng on dinh ddi song, gidm ngheo ben vitng, thuc day an sinh xd hgi, ndng cao ddi song, BVi\ATvd day nhanh qud tnnh xdy ddng nong thon mdi tgi cpng dong TDC thuy dien theo hud^g ben vijfng qui nhat, mfle dat dflrtc cfla moi yeu td la 20, tong ty thfle tl eho phep sfl ben vflng cfla mdi phflrtng in phit trien dflpc dinh gia dfla tren hang (bangl) PhflPng phap chi sd ben vflng dia phflong (LSI - Local Sustainability Index) gom chi thi ddn ty II tre vi thinh nien khdng pham phap; ty le tre sd sinh khdng tfl vong; ty le sd dan dflpe dung nflde Bang Xep loai ty bin vflng cua cac phfloing an phat trien STT sgeh; ty le sd khdng bi nhiem khdng nam; ty le dat khong bi nhiem tflOng dflpng vdi trpng so khic dfla tren cO sd phin tich die trflng eua he thong dia phfldng nghien eflu va nang thu thap gia tri cua chl thi tren thfle tl tgi cae diem TDC dfldc dfl in lfla chgn khao sit (bang 2) Dia bin ip di^ng phflOng phap BS va LSI tai dilm tii dinh cfl (TDC) thuy dien Sdn La vio nam 2013: Dilm TDC Bin Nhap (xa Chiing Lao, huyen Mfldng La), difn Trpng Xep loai 0rl^l liJtHM IrtO-M 1.K-H1 0,97,M = I M 0,«^=1M CM-M-.-I 032-K-ii 01.-0-; '—-"» ~ «« II, 'lS{I,r,iUnb4«vn,manbo=a PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ Di^TOCHit Uch.' Diem TDC BanNlwp [ãJTTTTl '-,,l,l.dôô*.,t.t**n , ' ou,i6 ' ^ Bang Bin vflng cdng ddng TDC theo thfldc do ben vflng dia phfldng LSI n ' Tyi le VI men khong pham phap 1, Ty le tr^ so smh khong bi tCt vong Ty le so thang dUoc diing niJdc ' 1, < IS MS ^ 0,93 ^jMH 0,96 0,98 1 0,83 Ty le tf^ em diJdi tuoi khong bi ARI (viem phdi cap) 0,97 0,92 0,87 Ty le dien tich dat khong bl thoai ' hoadoKOimon, khongbiohiem hoa chat 0,95 0,84 0,78 - chl sd ben vflng dilm TDC Bin Nhgp -Chi so ben vflng dilm TDC Pi Mdng -Chi sd ben vflng dilm TDC Hit Lech Theo mfle gii tri cfla LSI, ca diem TDC ed cung gii trj LSI nam d mfle (tfl 0,8 - 1), thude mflc ben vflng diem TDC Bin Nhap CO ehi sd ben vflng cao nhat (0,98), tiep den dil'm TDC Pa Mdng (0,96), diem TDC Hit Lech d mfle thap bon (0.88) Kit qui danh gii tuib bin vflng theo phflcfng phap BS va LSI cd su khic biet nhat djnh, theo phfldng phap BS diem TDC Ban Nhgp d mdc ben vflng, cdn diem TDC] I lit Lech va Pi mdng d mflc ben vflng tiem ning, cdn phfldng phip LSI, cho gii trj ben vflng vdi ei dic'm TDC So 10/2014 Mol trildng S5 [ * NGHIEN COU ^ Diem TDC Hdt Lech Thfldc BS bao gdm nhieu chi thi hdn nin chit che viec dinh gii cd xet den sfl cin bang gifla phuc Ipi sinh thai tfl nhien va phfle lpi xa hdi nhin vin (chia rieng ming phue lpi rd ret), dong thdi thay dflpc sfl chenh lech gifla hai mang phue lpi sinh thii va xa hdi nhan van Chi so LSI ed sfl ldng ghep cic yeu to sinh thai va kinh tl, xa hdi nhin vin (khdng ehia rieng eie linh vflc ma gdp chung) O phfldng phip niy khdng cd sfl chenh lech gifla mang phflc lpi, nhflng flu diem li ddn giin de lam, dc tinh toan va ap dung Tuy vgy ei phflong phip eung dfla ehi sd dinh gii toin diln tinh ben vflng vi chfla bin vflng d diem TDC, ddng thdi ehi nguyin nhin dan den tinh ben vflng ehfla cao tai diem TDC: Thd nhdt: Trfldc TDC, dim bio tiin di din, cdng trinh ca sd tang, die biet li giao thdng dflpc lim khi'n trfldng nin chi sau mdt vai nim dfla vio sfl dung da xudng cap nghiem Tgi diem TDC Hit Lieh, Pi Mdng vao mua mfla, dfldng xa sgt Id giy ieh tie cue bd inh hfldng din van ehuyen san pham ndng nghiep, bi ep gia ThU hai: Sau TDC, dat thd efl va dat canh tic tai dilm TDC giim nhieu so vdi trflde TDC, ngfldi din thieu dat, ehinh quyen ehfla giai quyet hpp ly nhu eau ve dat san xuat Tai diem TDC, binh quin dat thd cfl 400m2/hd, dat canh ticl-l,5ha/hd, nhflng ehu yeu li dat 56iMdi trudng So 10/2014 nfldng ray co doe Idn, bgc man vi thoii hda nhanh, ning xuat, sin Ifldng thap, tinh trgng khdng du Ifldng thfle, thieu in tfl 3-7 thing dien thfldng xuyen Pa Mong 5-7 thing, Hat Lieh 2-5 thing Bin Nhap 2-3 thing TTiii-fcfl: Sau TDC dflpc 6-8 nam nhflng ei diem TDC ehfla xay dflng dflpc edng trinh cung eap nflde sgeh, ngfldi dan van sfl diing nflde md dan tfl tren nfli ehfla qua bat ky khiu xfl ly nen ehfla nhieu da vdi sfl dung lau dai se inh hfldng xau tdi sfle khde edn mua khd thi Igi thieu nflde nghiem ThU tU: Trinh dan tri thap, mfle sinh d diem TDC cao, ty 11 sinh thfl d ngfldi Thii Bin Nhap Ii 64%, ty le ngfldi Khing Pa Mdng len tdi 79,3%, die bi|t phu nfl Xinh Mun d Hit Lieh cao 89,3% Van dl tao hdn edn phd biln d dilm TDC, diem TDC Pi Mong cd tdi 89,3% kit hdn sdm Hit Lich 83%, bin Nhgp 57% Thdi quen chan nudi gia sue, gia cam dfldi gam san, dilu kiln in d sinh hogt thieu vl sinh chit trdi hcfn trfldc lam mft v | sinh mdi trfldng cfl tni, anh hfldng xau den sflc khde cong ddng, dgc bi|t la tre em, hlquS la sflc khde sinh san d ph^ nil chfla dam bao, tinh trgng tre em bi suy sinh dfldng va vien phdi cap (ARI) cdn cao 3.3 Mdt s6 khuyen i ^ nang cao ben vflng cong doi^ TDC tfl ket qua phUdng phjp BSvaLSI " Chinh saeh phat trien cac dilm TDC can coi trpng eac nguyin tac cdng khai, din chu, minh bgch, chinh xic, eong bang va kip thdi th6i^ kl, ap gia, din bu, ho trp din bfl thoi dang eho eac hp dan, song song vdi dau tfl ed sd hg tang, xay dflng ke hogch quin ly chfldng trinh phat triln hgu tai dinh efl Giai quylt than dio dit sin xuat bao g6m ehat lfli?ng dat vi dien tieh, ting hgn miic giao dat sin xuat, nguon nUdc cho sin xuat va sinh hogt cin thiet nham dam bio cho ca edng ddng din TDC, dong thdi ed kl hogch giao dat, giao rflng, khuyin ndng - lam - ngfl, bao ve cham sde rilng lam tang thim dp che phu, chdng xdi mdn trin dat die Quan tam liu dai phat trien sinh kl ben vflng cho ngudi dan TDC, tang th6i gian hd trp on djnh ddi soi^ Dau tfl nghien cflu khoa hpc, triln khai cie dfl in phit trifti tim md hinh thich hdp cho phit trien kinh tl dilm TDC vi hfldng dan hp thfle hiĐntô md hinh Ddng thdi co bi^fl phap ning cao y thfle ngUii din TDC nang cao dan tri, sflc khde, hgn chl sinh thfl ba, kit hdn sdm, khdng d6t rfli^ Iam nUdng ray gifl gin v§ sinh ncfi eU trfl nham hgn ehl phit sinh dich benh tgi nhi, bin ling va cie bien phap lim cho NGHIEN C l J u f M mdi trfldng s6ng lanh Nang cao nang luc va trich nhi|m can bg tinh den cd sd xa ban, bin cgnh chuyin mdn tdt trach nhiem edng viec cdn phai gan bd va nhi|t tinh, siu sat, lang nghe, xfl ly dflpc nhflng vfldng mac, nam bat va giii quyet kip thdi, dflt dilm nhflng khd khan qfla trmh thfle Men chinh sich d ed sd TDC K£T LUAN Sfl dM% chi so BS vi LSI la phfldng phip ddn giin, de thfle hien va it tdn kinh phi nin cd the flng dyng dl dinh gii nhanh sfl phit triln ben vflng eua cae diem TDC, cd the dfla vao dilu kiln thfle te dia phflong dl lfla chpn chi sd dinh gia phu hgp va thuin Igi Niu dieu kiln khd khan, ed the chpn ehi so LSI don gian, chi phi thap, nhanh, niu dieu kien tdt hdn ed thi ehpn chi sd BS dl danh gii Van dung phfldng phip BS vi LSI tai diem TDC thuy dien Son La (bin Nhgp, Pi Mong, Hit Lich), ehflng minh nhflng no Ifle cua Chinh phu, UBND tinh Son La ddi vdi cie khu, diem TDC; ehinh sieh boi thfldng, den bu, dau tu ed hieu qua h | thdng co sd tang dien, dfldng, trfldng, trgm vi bd tri dat canh tie vi hd trp von, vat nudi, gidng vi ky thuit san xuat giup ngfldi dan tflng bflde dn dinh ddi song hiu TDC Tuy nhien, kit qua phan tich bing hai phUdng phap BS vi LSI ehi nhilu bat cap: nguy ca thilu ddi, tii ngheo chUa thich flng dfldc vdi boat ddng sinh kl thay thi, dieh benh phat sinh bien ddi mdi trudng sdng, tinh trgng bd hpe, tio hdn d thieu niln lam ting nguy co tilm an de dpa den qui trinh phit triln ben vflng cdng dong TDC hien tgi vi tfldng laL Do vay, viee dinh gia mflc dp bin vflng tai mpt sd khu, dilm TDC bang phuong phap BS va LSI khdng nhflng ehi nhflng diem manh vi dilm yeu xay dflng mdt edng ddng bin vflng mi cdn nit dflpe kinh nghi|m va eac giii phip dn dinh can thilt, tiin tdi xiy dflng eic khu, diem TDC cd tinh ben vflng eao d tinh Sdn La ndi rieng vi ei nflde ndi chungB TAI Litu THAM KHAO % • # Do Xudn Diic, Danh gia Bdo cdo chuySn deDUan D5 Xudn Dac, Ddnh gid Bdo cdo chuyen dS Dudn DoKuAn Dilc, Ddnh gid o cdo chuyen deDUan (Tieptfieotrang 46) tinh ben vQng kinh ti, xa hoi m >i IrUdng lai diem TDC Bdn Nhap, xd ChiengLao huyen MUdng La, TDC thuy dien Sdn La, Dai ho Quoe gia Hd Noi (2012-2014) tinh b&n vang hnh fg, xd hdi, tn