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HUdNG Tdl OAI Hdi XII COA D A N G XAY DUNG GIAI CAP CONG NHAN TRONG GIAI DOAN DAY MANH CONG NGHIEP HOA, HIENDAI HOA DAT NI/OC PGS.TS NGUYEN THANH TUAN* Phit triin visSluong, cbit luifng, ti ch6c, ddng thai vfii vi$c ning cao giic ng^ vi bin Bnh cbinb tijcbogiaicip cdngnbin tbifcsifxHngdinglibfcliiongdidiii tiongqui trinb dSymanb cdngn^$p bda, bi$n d^ hda dit nude cd vai trd bit siic quan trpng Chinb vi v$y,vi$c giii quyit tit vin divi$c lim, thunhip, tiiifchiinttgbiemcblnbsicb,pbipluit vilao ddng, tiin luong, bio biim vi chim sdc, phuc hdi sic khde, nbi cOng nim pbit tnin cic tdchiicdoin tbi cdng nliin tbudceickhu vifckinb tiii ditungbudc thifc bi$n t8tnlii$m vif xiy dtfng giai dp eOngnliin giai So^n mdi dnudc ta Thyctt;uiggiai c ^ cflngnhto hifin Thu nhit, ve so luqng giai cip cong nhan (GCCN) Vio giua thipnien90thekyXX,khidft nuoc buflc vio giai doan day manh cflng nghiep hfia, hien dai hfia (CNHHDH), GCCN cfi khotog trifiu ngufii Tbeo Tfing cue Thfing kfi danh gii, dfin cufii nam 2005, so lugng cflng nhfin thuflc cic thinh phto kinh tfi li 11,3 trifiu nguoi (chifim 13,5% dto sfi, 26,46% lye lugng lao dgng xi hfii) Hifin nay, ci nuoc co khoing 13 trifiu cong nban tryc tifip lim viec cic doanh nghifip va co so' sto xuat - kinh doanh thupc cic khu vyc kinh tfi Cflng nhto thuflc cic doanh nghiep nhi nuoc cfl xu hufing gitoi qua trinh day manh cfi phan hfia So lugng cflng nhto khu vyc kinh tfi nggii nhi nufic chu yfiu ttag TP Hfi Chi Minh, Hi Ngi, Hii Phong, Dfing Nai, Binh Duong, Di Ntog Theo Tdng cyc Thong ke cho biet, hien co khotog trifiu lao dfing lim viec tai 285 khu cflng nghiep (KCN), khu che xuat (KCX) thupc 58 tinh, thinh phfi Ngoii ra, dfli ngfl lao dgng xuit khau cung co the dupc coi li mgt bp phto cua GCCN, theo Bfl Lao dpng, Thucmg bmh viXi hfli, hien tai dfii ngu niy li ban 500.000 ngufii, lim viec mfli truong cfing nghiep hien dai, co difiu kifin hgc tap, ren luyen chuyfin mfin, tay nghe, ntog cao tic phong cfing nghiep Hien tugng thay dfii viec lim, nghe nghiep ciia cfing nhto cflng co cliifiu hufing gia ttog vi dien thuflng xuyen 6' tft ca thinh phto kinh tfi, nhat la a dfii ngfl lao dfing tai khu vuc kinh tfi ngoii nhi nufic Vi viy, GCCN chi chifim hon 20% lye lugng lao dpng ca nuoc, nhung htog nim dflng gflp khotog 50% tfing sto pham xi bfli va bio dam hon 60% ngto sich nha nuoc * Hoc vifn Chnih tri qu& gia H Chi Minh TAP CHl Q U A N Lf NHA NUdC - Sd 231 (4/2015) HUdNG Tdl DAI HOI XII CDA D A N G Thuhai, ve chat luang cua ddi ngu cong nhan lao dong Dp tudi b'mh quta ciia cfing nhta nufic ta nhin chung tte, nhom cflng nhto til 18 30 tufii chifim 36,4%; cic doanh nghifip diu tu nuflc ngoii, cfing nhto dufli 25 moi chifim 43,4%, til 26 - 35 tufii chifim 34,7%, tu 36 - 45 tuoi chifim 14% Hfiu hgt cflng nhta dugc tiep can voi kinh tfi thi truong nen ntag dflng, thich ling nhanh vdi cflng nghe hifin dai Tufii nghe cua cong nhto: duoi nim chiem 6,9%, til - nim: 30,6%, tii -10 nim: 16,4%, tit 11 -15 nim: 10,5%, 16 - 20 nim; 16,8%, 21 - 25 nam: 13,3% va ttfin 25 nim: 5,5% Ve trinh hpc vta, vio "nim 2010, cfi 10,5% tr'mh dg tieu hgc; 43,7% tr'mh dfl trung hgc ca sfl'; 45,5% cfl trinh dfltifiuhpc phfi thflng, die bifit vin cfin 0,28% ngufli lao dfing khflng bifit chil"' Tr'mh dfi nghe nghiep cfla cfing nhto di dugc nfing cao nhung chua dip iing dupc yeu ciu dft Chi tinh rieng "6 nam 2010, cfl tfli 75% lao dpng chua qua hpc nghfi tai cac co so dio tgo ngoai doanh nghiep, ttong sfi niy cfl khotog 94% ngufli dugc dio tao ngin han tai doanh nghiep trufic bit diu cfing viec ciia m'mh Chi cfl 9,5% cfing nhto lao dflng ky thuit, 3,7% cfing nhta cfl ttinh dp Bung cip, 3% cao dtog vfi 5,6% cfl trinh dfi dai hpc Nfiu tinh chung sfi cfing nhta dugc dfio tag nghfi (ca cic co sfi vi doanh nghifip) thi ty le cfing nhto lao dfing bic cao la rat it Sfi cflng nhto bac chifim 8,4% va bic - chi chifim 3,2%"^ Tinh ttang mit cto dfii ca ciu lao dgng ky thuit kha lfin Nhifi'u doanh nghiep cfl thifit bi cfing nghfi cao nhimg lai thifiu cfing nhan linh nghfi Die biet, chi co khotog 70% cflng nhan dang lim nhimg cflng viec phu hpp voi ngtah nghfi dio tao Tmh liinh da lim ban chfi ntag suit, chat lugng sta pham vi gay Itag phittongdao tao n nghfi So voi yeu ciu day manh CNHHDH dit nuoc vi so vfii tiinh dp cfing nhto 6' cic nuoc ttong khu vuc vi thfi gioi thi trinh dp bgc vto ciia cfing nhto nufic ta cfln thip Mat khic, dpi ngfl cflng nhto cfl trinh dfi hpc van cao phto bfi khflng dfing deu, thuong tip trung mgt sfi thinh lon va mgt sfi nganh cflng nghiep hien dai (dien tii-tin hpc, CO khi) Thli ba, doi sdng, viec lam ciia cong nhin Iao dong Den nay,ttfinca nufic cfi khotag 80% sfi cflng nhta cfi viec lim thuang xuyen; 12% cfl vific lim khfing dn dinh, cfin lai thuong xuyen thifiu vific lam Chi co khotag 20% doanh nghiep ngoai nha nuflc dflng bao liifim xi hpi, bao liifim y tfi cho cfing nhan vi trich nfip kinh phi cong dota Muc luong cua nguoi lao dflng vfi co bin khflng dip ling dupc nhu ciu sirih boat tfii thifiu Clia bto thta Nhi nuoc di tvmg buflc thyc hifin 16 trinh ttag lirong tfii thifiy, tham chi cfi quy dinh vfi miic luong toi thifiu vimg doi voi nguoi lao dflng limfl'cic loai hinh doanh nghiep (Nghi dinh sfi 70/2011/NDCP ngiy 22/8/2011 ciia Chinh phii) Nhung miic tang thuong khflng theo kip tfic dfi tang gii cua thi truflng Trong dfl, phin lfin cic chu doanh nghifip vin dang ISy mirc luong toi thifiu dfi tri luong cho ngufii lao dgng ma chua that sy quan tim den vific xiy dyng thang, btog lirang Ngoai ra, nhieu chu doanh nghifip cfln bfit mflt phin lutmg cua ngufii lao dflng dfi chi cho cic khoto phu cip in trua, tien ho trg di lai hay miic khen thufing, Thyc tfi hien nay, "mpt bfl phto cfing nhin phai lam viec moi truang bi fl nhifim ntog, nhu nfing, bui, tifing fin, dfl rung vugt tieu chuta cho phep Tinh hinh dfi da tic dpng xfiu den siic khoe ngufii lao dgng, gay cic bfinh nghfi nghifip Do TAP CHf Q U A N Lf NHA NUdC - Sd 231 (4/201S) HUdNG Tdl DAI Hdi XII CUA D A N G nhifiu nguyfin nhto khac nhau, hau hfit cic chua cfi nhi 6, te nan xi hgi, ttanh chip lao KCN, KCX tai cac tinh, thtoh khong dgng, dinh cfing, xiy nhi luu tru cho cfing nhan Vi chi cfl Cic cupc dinh cflng tir phit ngiy ctog khotog 20% so ngufli cfl cho o' dn dinh"' gia ttag vfii tinh chft gay git, phirc tap Da sfi ngirfli lao dflng ngoai tinh lim viec tai Trong nhimg nim gto diy, b'mh quto mfii cic KCN dfiu phai thue nhi trg, vfii die'u nam xay khotog 1.000 cupc dinh cfing kifin vfi sinh, mfii trufing khfing bio dim cuacflngnhtovatiptrungchu yfiu 6' vung Thuc hien Quyet dinh sfi 66/2009/QD- kinh tfi ttpng diem phia Nam Nguyfin nhta TTg ngiy 24/4/2009 cua ThiittrflngChinh chu yfiu li nguoi sir dyng lao dpng phli vi CO chfi, chinh sich phit trifin nha 6' khflng thyc hien dung, du cic quy dinh cua cho ngufli lao dpng cic KCN, cic phip luit, nhu khflng tri luong dung btog tinh, thinh d i dtog ky 110 du to nha Iuong da dtog ky, tu y thay dfii dinh muc cho ngufli lao dfing t ^ cac KCN giai doan lao dpng, ty sa thii cong nhto khflng cto ly 2010 - 2015 Tuy viy, tiieo Thanh tra Chinh do, khong dflng bao hifim xa hgi, bio hiem phfl, cic dy to nhifi'cho cfing nhto tai cic y tfi diy dfl cho cflng nhin, Hai la, y thiic tfi chiic ky luat, tac phong KCN dfi'y chim tien dp so voi yen ciu, ttong so 27 dy an d i dugc khoi cfing xiy dung cflng nghiep vi y thiic phip lufit ciia cflng nhto cfln ban chfi Mgt bfl phin dtag kfi mfli cfl dy to hota cfing nhto khfing quan tim dfin dfii sfing Thli tu, y thiic, thai chinh tri chinh tri Ty 16 dtog vien, dnta vien cflng Hien nay, tim ly Ifiy lgi ich kinh te (vific dota ttong cflng nhin Iao dgng cfln thip lim, thu nhip xirng ding vfli lao dgng, ) Ba la, vai trfl cfla tfi chuc ding vi cic limdpnglyclinfitmfiidangdtotrfi thinh dgta the ttong cac doanh nghiep chua dip bien ttong cflng nhta Vi thfi giiia cfing irng dugc sy phit trifin nhanh chflng ve so nhta lao dgng doanh nghiep nha lugng, CO can va chft lugng cua GCCN Tai nuflc vi doanh nghifip ngoii nhi nuflc hiu het cic doanh nghiep cfl von dfiu tu khflng cich biet nhifiu COng nhto vto nuflc ngoii, doanh nghifip tu nhta deu cfi y thiic tfit vfi lgi ich dit nuoc, chii quyfin khfing mufin hoic khfing quan tim dfin qufic gia Nhifiu cfing nhin tham gia dinh viec xay dyng cac to chiic dtog Hoat dpng cfing thoi gian qua fi mgt sfi KCN, KCX cho cfla tfi ehyc doto nien, tfi chirc cfing rtog, myc dich tham gia dinh cfing cfla hg doto cfin mang tinh h'mh thiic Nhieu to khfing chi li dfli ttog tifin cflng, giam gia chlic cong doto chua thyc su diing vi phia lim, cii thifin difiu kien lim viec, m i doi nguoi lao dfing Nhin chung, cic to chiic chii nuoc ngoft phii tfln ttgng van hoa va chinh tri - xa hpi, dfic bifit li to chiic cfing phip luit Viet Nam doto Iflng Hing vi b ^ chfi vific NhQng vta dfi dfit dfii vfli GCCN giai quyfit cic xung dfit ve lpi ich vi nhQng bit cap ve giic ngp chinb tri, f thuc to hifin Thunhit, din sfing vit chft, tinh thto chlic, cua cflng nhto cua cfing nhto chua dupc bao dim, quyfin Giii phip xay dyng GCCN ttong giai lgi khfing dugc giii quyet mpt cich thoa d09n diy m^nh CNHHDH dft nufic dtog vi mfli nuong lim viec dpc hai Tu dfl Thunhit, ntog cao doi sfing vft chit, d i lam xuft hifin nhifiu vto dfi biic xuc, nhu tinh thto cho cfing nhto tai cic khu vyc tinh trang vific lim khflng co bio Ufim, kinhte TAP CHf Q U A N Lf NHA NUdC - Sd 231 (4/2015) HUdNG Tdl DAI Hdi XII CUA DANG Timg bufic thyc hien chinh sich tifi'n luong bio dam doi song cho ngufli lao dpng va cfl tich luy tu tien lirong Tren co sfl' do, mfl' rflng co hfli cho cflng nhto mua cd phin doanh nghiep, nhim gfip phto xiy dyng quan he lao dflng hai hoa, fin dinh vi tifin bg, giim thieu tranh chap lao dgng vi d'mh cflng doanh nghiep Dfing thoi tiep tuc xiy dung vi thuc hifin tfit cic chinh sich bao hiem xa hgi, bio hifim y tfi, bio hifim thit nghiep dfii vfli ngufii lao dfing Nhi nuflc cto thfi chfi hfia cic quy dinh ve trich nhifim cua cic cip chinh quyfin, cic doanh nghifip ttong vific cham lo doi song vta hfla cho ngirfli lao dgng Cfl cic chinh sich uu dii cho cic nhi diu tu xay dyng cic dich vy vin hfla, the thao, chim sflc Slic khoe cho cflng nhin, nhft li tai KCN, KCX vi xung quanh cic KCN, KCX Khi phe duyet cic KCN, KCX, cin xic dinh quy dit tuong xiing dfi xiy dung nhi fl' va cic cflng ttinh thuflc kfit ciu ttog xi hfli cho cflng nhta ThU hai, ning cao chit lugng dio tao nghfi dfi ning cao trinh dp tay nghe cho cfing nhta gta voi phat trifin dfii ngfl cflng nhta tn' thuc - Cin kip thoi bfi sung, siia dfii, xay dung chinh sich dio tao vi dao tao lai cflng nhta theo huflng tao difiu kifin cho hp tu hpc tap nang cao trinh chuyfin mfin; difiu chinh, bo sung quy hoach mang lufii cic CO sfl' day nghfi gto vfii cac ngtoh, cic vung kinh tfi ttgng difim IChuyfin khich cic doanh nghiep thuflc mpi thinh phan kinh tfi dtoh kinh phi thich ding vi thfli gian cho dio tao, dio tao lai cflng nhin - Day manh CNHHDH lufln gin vfli vific hinh thinh vi phit trifin manh me dpi ngfl cfing nhta tri thiic Dfi phit trifin dgi ngfl cflng nhta niy cto phii phit trifin thi tiirfing khoa hpc, cfing nghe, thuc bien tot Luat So huu tri tue va Luat Chuyin giao khoa hpc - cdng nghe Dfii mfii quin ly nhi nufic dfii vfli thi truflmg khoa hgc cflng nghe; khuyen khich hfl trg cic boat dgng khoa hgc va cflng nghfi theg co che thi truflng; bio ve quyfin so' hiiu tri tue dfii vfli cic cflng trinh khoa hpc vi boat dpng sing tao Thli ba, Bfl Lao dflng, Thuang binh vi Xi hfli phoi hgp vfli td chuc cfing doin ttag cuflng cflng tic kiem tra, tra de bao dim quyfin, lgi ich hgp phip, chinh dtog cua cflng nhto Dfing thfli cfl cic chfi tai xii ly nghifim cic to chiic vi ci nhin vi pham chinh sich, phip luit, vi pham quyfin lpi hgp phip cia ngufii lao dgng Khuyfin khich, tag difi'u kifin ehc ngufli lao dgng chu dgng hpc tap ntag cao nhin thuc, nim bit nhimg quy dinh co bin vfi quyfi'n vi nghla vy cua minh ttong quan he lao dpng, giiip hg ty big ve quyen va lgi ich chinh dtag ttong truflng hgp cto thifit Tha tu, ttog ty le tham gia cfla cflng nhto ttong co cau tfi chlic chinh tri - doto the doanh nghifip, nhft la tfi chuc cfing doto dfi ttog cuong tinh dai dien cho lgi ich cua GCCN Thfing qua dfl, ttog cuflng vai ttfl cua cic cfip uy dtog, Doto Thanh nien vi nhft li tfi chuc cflng doto ttong vific ntog cao doi song, bio dim quyfin lgi cho cflng nhto, ttufle het tai cic KCN, KCXa Cbd tbicb: 1,2 Iim U gii ning cao chat luong gai dp coiigii/iatthttp://daidoanketvn, 20/5/2011 Phat bifiu Clia Bp trudng Bp Xay dyng Trinh Dinh DOng trinh bay tai HOl thao qufic gia: Mia a cong nhin, thuc trang vi gii phip, tai Trung tam Hoi nghi Lucky Square, B'mh Duong, 17/10/2011 www.xaydung.gov.vn TAP CHf Q U A N Lf NHA NUdC - S6 231 (4/2015) ... 22/8/2011 ciia Chinh phii) Nhung miic tang thuong khflng theo kip tfic dfi tang gii cua thi truflng Trong dfl, phin lfin cic chu doanh nghifip vin dang ISy mirc luong toi thifiu dfi tri luong cho... dinh"'' gia ttag vfii tinh chft gay git, phirc tap Da sfi ngirfli lao dflng ngoai tinh lim viec tai Trong nhimg nim gto diy, b''mh quto mfii cic KCN dfiu phai thue nhi trg, vfii die''u nam xay khotog... dtog ky 110 du to nha Iuong da dtog ky, tu y thay dfii dinh muc cho ngufli lao dfing t ^ cac KCN giai doan lao dpng, ty sa thii cong nhto khflng cto ly 2010 - 2015 Tuy viy, tiieo Thanh tra Chinh