NGHliN ctfu-TRAODdl GIAI PHAP BAODAM AN SINH XA HOI CHO NGl/dl DAN TS NGUYEN THJ THANH HUYEN* Bio dim an smbi^b0i, trgfidp,c(itutrg,biovi, fiip ddmgi thinh viin trongxSb0i, nhit linbdng ddi tugng yHi dli, dibi tdn thuong Iim0t nbOng trgng tim tmng cbiib sicbxib0imiDing,NbinudcdixicdjnLPbuangpb^a^cinsinbkic6angadidin li m0t nhdng fiil pbip manglalbiiu qui cao trongtbgcbiin nhiim vgniy Vfi dfii sdng din smh Trong tifing Anh, an sinh xi hfii (ASXH) thudng dugc ggi li Sgeial Security vi dich ratigngVigt, ngeii ASXH tai tauit ngfl niy edn duge dieh li bie dim xa hdi, bSo ttg xi hfli, an ninb xi hdi, an toin xa hfli vdi nhung f nghia khflng hoin toan tuang dfing Ngoii Social Security, cfln cfl thuit ngu Social Protection vdi nhung him nghia khie, dich tifing Vigt eflng cd nhidu him nghia trung vdi Social Security nhu: bio trg xi hdi, bio ve xa hfii, an toin xahdi, Theo nghta hep Social Security dugc hieu li su bSo dSm thu rtaip vi mdt so dieu kign sinh sfingtaifityfiu khie cho ngudi lao dpng vi gia dinb hp hi giim boic mSt tau nhap hi giim, mit kha ning lao dgng hay mit vige lim; vi dac bigt cho itaimg ngufli gii, efl don, tre em mo efli, ngudi khuygt tit, itaiing ngudi nghdo ddi vi nhung ngudi hi thign tai, dich benh, Theo nghia rflng, Social Security li sy bio dim va taye hign cie quyfin eon ngudi dugc sfing ttong hda birta, dupc ty lim vigc, cu tru, (U ehuyfin, phit bidu chirta kien khufin khd phip luat dupc bio vg vi birta ding truflc phip luit; duge hgc tip, dugc ed vide lim, efl rtai d; dupc bSo dSm tau nhap dd tada mSn rtatmg nliu eSu sirta sfing taidt ygu hi rdi ro, tai nan, tufli giS Theo nghia nSy, tim bao quit eia Social Security rSt ldn dieh sang tigng Vifit, ed itaidu hSm ngbia nhu ttdn cflng IS difiu de hifiu Van kign Dai hfii XI eua Ding xie dinh ngi dimg eda chirta sich ASXH gem: (1) giii quyfit viee ISm; (2) xda ddi giim nghdo; (3); hda rtaip xa hdi; (4) ting cuong vai trd eua gia dirta; (5) phit trifin giio dye nhSm dio tao, boi duflng rtain lue, rtain tii vi ning eao din tti; (6) din so - kfi hoach hda gia ditta; (7) chim sdc sue khde; (8) bio ttgxi hdi; (9) mfli ti-ong; (10) ban ehfi vi ngin ngira eie hirta vi pham tgi Theo tu tudng Hd Chf Mmh vi ttong eie vSn kign cia DSng, eflng cuflc xSy dyng CNXH gin chit vdi bio dam ddi sdng dSn sirta hay ASXH Ngufli ngu rfl phuong taite, bign phip dg giii quygt mflt eich hieu qui ddi sfing dSn smh IS tauc hSita tigt kigm, phit trien san xuit, gin phit ttien kmh te * Bai hoc Luat Ha Ndi TAP CHl Q U A N LV N H A NUdc - Sd 234 (7/2015) NGHliN ctfu-TRAO odi voi chim Io eai thidn vS nang cao ddi sfing vit chit, tinh tain cda nhin din Nhimg luan didm siu sic cda Nguoi vd ddi song dSn smh tad hidn tap tnmg vi taidt tauc d tu tudng "liy din ISm goc" vi lim eho nuflc ta dugc hoin toin dfle lip, din ta dupc hoin toSn ty do, dfing bio eflng efl com Sn, So mac, eung dugc hge binh Ngudi khdng chd trugng phit tridn kinh td biiig mgi gii, du kmh tfi li nfin ting dfi giii quygt eie vin dfi khic eua ddi sdng xi hfli TrSi lai, xSe ditta "din IS gee" vS dat ngufli vio vi tti trung tSm cua su phit tridn xa hfli, Ngirfli ygu ciu phii xu IJi tait tot mfii quan he gifla chirta sich phit trifin kmh tfi vdi chinh sicb pbSt tridn xa hdi Trong dd didm cot ldi IS eimg vdi sy phit tridn kirta td, eSn phii chim lo mflt eich tada dSng vS taudng xuydn cSc nhu cSu vSt chit vS tinh tain thifit ygu cia ngudi dSn phu hgp vdi didu kidn kmh td - xa hdi cda dat nudc Khi budng vSo giai quygt vin dfi ddi song din sinh, Ngudi da tliSy d ngudi dpng luc pbSt tiidn eda xi hdi Theo dd, chim lo cho ngudi cflng ehinh IS taye hidn kg "siu rd bdn gde", itaim tao ndn ting cho su phit ttidn bd'n virng cda xa hdi Giii phip bio dim ASXHtaeophuong phiptigpcin smh kg cia ngudi din Phuang phSp flfip can sinh kfi IS mfit cic phuong pbip fldp can mdi phit tridn nflng thfln didu kidn eflng nghidp hfla, hign dai hfla Phuong phip khflng chi giup ning eao mpi mit ddi sflng hfl gia dinh mS cdn phit tridn ndng nghidp, nflng thfln theo xu hudng bdn vting vS hieu qua Sinb kfi bao gfim toSn bd nhung hoat dflng cia eon ngudi de dat dugc muc tidu dua trdn nhimg ngufin lue sin cd eda eon ngudi nhu: cie ngufln tii nguyfln thidn nhidn, ngufin vfin, Iao dflng, tr'mh phat trifin eia khoa hge - cflng nghg Tigp ein sinh kg Ii eieh ta vfi mycflgu,pham vi vi nhung uu flgn eho phit flidn ttaim day ttaaitaflfindo xda ddi, giim nghdo Day la phuang phip tifip can siu rfing voi muc dieh eung eSp eSe phuongflgndfitimhidu nguygn rtaSn cua ddi nghfio vdlttpngtam tip trung vio mdt sfi ygu to, nhu: cac van dd kinh tg, an nirta lugng tauc Nfl phac hga nhftng moi quan he gifta cic khfa canh khic eda ngheo ddi, giflp xSe lap mi tign tfit hon eho nhflng boat dfing xfla doi, giam nghdo Phuong phSp flgp can sinh kg dupc su dung dd xie ditta, taifit kfi vi ditta gia cac chuong trinh, dyanmdi,sudyngchodanh giS Iai cie boat dflng hign efl, eung cSp taflngtineho viec hoaeh dirta chifin lupc va su dyng eho nghifin cim Mpt nhiing digm nfli trfii eia flfip can sinh kfi la khS ning linh boat vi kha nang Sp dung cia ehung ddi vfli nhifiu tinh huong Phuong phSp tigp can sinh kg vdi myc dich giiip ngudi dSn dat dupc thSrta qui ISu dai ttong sinhkgmanhflngkgtquadfldugcdpbSng eie ehi sfi bin taSn hp tu xSe lap, vi thd hg sg khflng bi dat bin ngoii Chign luge sirta kg eia cic hg gia dinh li qua trmh quygt dinh vfi eSc vin dd lien quan true tidp den hfl gia dinh, bao gdm nhftng vin dfi nhu: taiita phSn eia hfl, tinh gin bo gifta cic taSrta vien, phSn bd cSc ngufin lye vit ehat vi phi vit ehit cua bfl di tri, hfl gia dirta taudng ed eic chifin lugc sinh kfi khSe rtaau Chidn lugc smh kd cua cSe hfl gia dinh cd tad duge ehia ISm ba loai: - Chifin lugc tich luy la chidn lugc dai ban nhim hudng tdi ting tnidng vS cfl Ibi IS kfit hgp eua nhidu heat dflng hudng tdi tieh Ifly vi giiu ed - Chien lugc tii sin xuit IS chidn lugc trung ban gfim nhieu boat dfing tao thu nhip, rtaimg uu tign cd tad rtaim tdi hoat dpng eia edng dong vi ASXH - Chign lugc tdn tai Ii chign lupc ngSn TAP CHl Q U A N LV NHA NUdC - Sd 234 (7/2015) NGHliN ctfu-TRAO Ddl ban, gdm cS eSe boat dflng tao tau rtaip chi dg tfln tai ma khflng tieh Ifly Khung sinh kg bfin vimg bao gdm nhimg nhin tfi ehinh Srta hudng dfin smh kg eua eon ngudi vi nhtrng mfii quan he ea bin gifta chung Tu dfl, efl the su dyng de ldn kg hoaeh cbo nhftng boat dpng phit trifin mdi vi danh gii su ddng gdp vio sy ben vflng sinh kg eda rtaflng boat ddng hien tai Cy tafi li: - Cung eip bang Iiet kg nhimg vin de quan trpng nhit vi phic hga mfii Udn he gifla ttaimg taatta phin niy - Tip trung sy chdy vio eie tic ddngvi eie qyy triita quan trgng - Nhin manh su tuang tie phuc tap gifta cic rtain tfl khic rtaau, lim iita hudng tdi sinh kg Diy li khung giup cho ngudi sd dung hieu dugc eic Ioai hmh sinh kg hien hflu vi dung nd lim ea sd dfi lap kfi hoaeh eho eic hoat dflng phit ttifin vS cSe boat dflng khic: - Boi eatta sfing cia ngudi dSn, ttong dd bao gfim rtatmg irta hudng eua eae xu hirdng bfin ngoii vdi hg (xu htrdng vfi kinh tg, xu hudng phSt ttifin dan sfi, ) - Kbi ning flfip can eua ngudi din dfii vdi eie loai tSi sin sinh kfi vS khS nSng sd dyng ehiing vSo sSn xuit - Nhflng thfi ehfi, nhtrng chinh sieh vi tfi cbuc dirta birta eho eSe Ioai h'mh tSi sin sinh kfi eua ngudi din - Cic chifin lugc m i ngudi din ip dung dfi taeo duoi myc dich cua minh Khung stnh kfi gidp sip xfip nhttng nhin tfi giy cin ttd hoic ting eudng cic ca hfli sinh kfi, dong thdi cho taay cich tauc niy lifin quan vdi nhu tiifi nSo, bdi dSy khflng phii li md hinh chirta xie ttong taye tfi ma nd chi dua mdt cich W vg smh kg, nhin nban trgn gde phite hgp vi siu rflng nhung vin khudn khd cd the quin ly dugc Khung sinh kg lufln dugc dit trang taii dflng, nd khflng cd difim diu, diem cuoi GiS tri cia mdt khung sirta kfi gidp cho ngudi su dung nhin nhan mflt eieh bao quit vi efl he tiifing cie tSe nhin giy nghdo khfi vi mfii quan hg gifla ehung Cfl tad dd la nhimg eu soe vi eic xu huflng bit lgi, cie chirta sSch vi tafi chfi hoat dgng kem hieu qua hoic viee thifiu eo bin eie tii sin smh kg Mue dieh su dung khung sinh kg li dfi tim hidu nhimg eich thuc mS eon ngudi da kfit hpp vS sd dung eic ngudn lye, ning itasin kifim sfing eimg rtau dd dat duge eic myetifiuvi udc nguygn eua hp Nhimg muc tidu vi ude nguydn m i ngufli dat dugc nhd su dung vi kdt hgp cie ngudn lye khic rtaau cd tafi gpi Ii kfit qui sirih kg DSy IS rtaimg dieu mS eon ngufli mufin dat dugc cuge sfing ke eS trudc mit eung ttau liu dii Nghign edu kgt qui sinh kg se eho ehung ta hieu duge dpng luc nSo din tdi cic boat dflng m i bg dang tauc bifin vi nhiing uu tidn eua hg li gi Dong tadi eflng cho taiy phin dng eda nguoi din trudc nhimg co hdi vi nguy co mod Kdt qua sinh kfi the hign tten nhimg ehi sd, nhu cupc sfing bimg thinh hon, dfli sfing dugc ning eao, khS nang bi tdn tauong giimn TiiUiutbamkbio: Bp PhatttidnquSc tg Anh (DFDl) Nhung chinh sach vi binh ddng cho viic xuc tiin cic loai hinh sinh kibin vang Sach Uing cua Anh nam 1997 Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Vin kien Dai hgi dai biiu toan qudclin thuXl H NXB Chinh tn quoc gia, 2011 Nguydn Trpng DSc, Nguydn Thi Mmh Thu, Nguyin Vigt Dang Suih kicua hd ndng dan sau mit dit sin xuat ndng nghiep xiydungkhu cdngngbiep dxiNghla Hiep, Yen My, Hung Yen Tap chi Kinh td & Phatttidn,sS 125/2012 TAP CHi Q U A N LV N H A NUdc - Sd 234 (7/2015) Q ... can sinh kfi la khS ning linh boat vi kha nang Sp dung cia ehung ddi vfli nhifiu tinh huong Phuong phSp tigp can sinh kg vdi myc dich giiip ngudi dSn dat dupc thSrta qui ISu dai ttong sinhkgmanhflngkgtquadfldugcdpbSng... (DFDl) Nhung chinh sach vi binh ddng cho viic xuc tiin cic loai hinh sinh kibin vang Sach Uing cua Anh nam 1997 Dang Cpng san Viet Nam Vin kien Dai hgi dai biiu toan qudclin thuXl H NXB Chinh tn quoc... eie qyy triita quan trgng - Nhin manh su tuang tie phuc tap gifta cic rtain tfl khic rtaau, lim iita hudng tdi sinh kg Diy li khung giup cho ngudi sd dung hieu dugc eic Ioai hmh sinh kg hien hflu