Thông tin tài liệu
22 3Ca t)6i f)cic tfjut n g l ) l t o xa hpi ii,cs6 2(126), 2014 BAN SAc VAN HOA TAY NHIN 11/ GOC DO VAN H A N H CAC KHUON MAU GIA DINH BE VAN HAU LTS: TS Bi Van Hdu, Truong phdng Xa hgi hgc Vdn hda - Vifn Xa hdi hgc dd mdt 2/6/2014 Bi td long thuong tiic vd vTnh bi$t anh, Tgp chiXa hgi hgc xin ddng tdi bdi viet gdn ddy cua TS Be Vdn Hdu Cdc nghien cdu vl Ddn tpc hpc, Nhdn hpc van hda, Xd hdi hpc van hda d nhilu nude khdc trdn the gidi dd chi rdng moi qudc gia - ddn tde vd timg thdi ky Hch sir diu cd nhirng khudn mau gia dinh tuang ling Tde ngudi Tdy d Viet Nam eiing khdng la ngoai le Nhdm gdp phdn lam sdng td nhan dinh tren, bdi viet ndy cd gang di sdu tim hieu su van hanh eua mpt sd khudn mau gia dinh ngudi Tdy dilu kien Ijch sir c\i the d Viet Nam tir trude den Vl cau triic gia dinh Cung gidng nhu nhieu tdc ngudi khdc tren ddt nude ta, gia dinh cua ngudi Tdy ciing cd nhieu loai hinh khde NhiJng nghien cuu ddn tdc hpc dd gap khdng it cae gia dinh Idn "tam tir dji ddng dudng", dd ngodi cdp vp chdng vd cai chua trudng ciia hp, cdn cd bd m? chdng ho§c bd me vp, nhiJng anh em trai hoac chj em gdi (kl ca nhimg ngudi chua Idy vp Idy chdng, hoac nhOng ngudi da Idy chdng nhung mdt ly ndo dd lai trd vl sdng chung vdi gia dinh cua anh/em trai v.v,) Tuy nhien, nhin chung thi gia dinh cua ngudi Tdy ed qui md tuang ddi nhd Chi dp gia dinh Idn, chdu nhilu ddi d vdi da chuyen sang che dp gia dinh nhd (La Vdn Ld, Ddng Nghidm Van, 1968) Trung binh moi gia dinh Tay, Niing chi cd tir - ngudi Gia dinh cd - ngudi chilm ty Ip rdt thdp, thudng thdy d cdc gia dinh tri thdc, cdng nhan d ede md nhu Tinh Tiic, Na Duong (Cae dan tdc Tdy Nting d Viet Nam, 1992) Loai hinh gia dinh nhd, it ngudi cua ngudi Tdy khdng phai ngau nhien ma ed Ngudi ta nhdn thdy, da tir rdt Idu ddi, d ngudi Tdy hinh thirc gia dinh nhd dd dupe xdc lap vd trd thdnh khudn mau gia dinh'chu ylu Thudng gdp hon cd Id nhihig gia dinh hat nhdn vdi the he, gdm cdp vp chdng vd nhihig dua nhd hode dd trudng thdnh nhung chua dung vp, gd chdng Theo kit qua dilu tra xa hdi hpc tpc ngudi eua Vien Ddn tpc hpc ndm 1981, ty Ip cua loai hinh gia dinh ndy khd Idn, chilm tdi 53,1% tdng sd gia dinh tdng mau dupe chpn dl khdo sdt S\r hinh thanh, tdn tai vd phdt triin cua loai hinh gia dinh nhd, hay ndi khdc Id gia dinh hat nhan d ngudi Tdy, nhu vita neu Id cd ly kinh tl - xa hpi sdu xa cua nd Cae ngudn tdi lipu dan ^iVdnHdiii 23 tpc hpc deu ed ehung nhgn djnh: tur trudc Cach mang thdng ndm 1945, d cac viing Tdy, Nung, ehl dp tu hiiu rupng ddt da phat triin (Ld Van Ld, Ddng Nghiem Van, 1968) Kilu gia dinh Idn, chau nhieu ddi cung dn eiing d vdi dudi cung mpt mdi nha, dd ehuyin ddn sang kilu loai gia dinh nhd (gia dmh hat nhan) ehinh la dl thich irng vdi che dp tu huu v6 rudng ddt d mpt vung ddi nui - noi md rupng ddt hi chia nhd theo nuang ray hay cac thung liing hep dudi chdn niii Ngdy nay, loai hinh gia dinh hat nhdn cua ngudi Tay, Niing (cung nhu eiia nhieu tpc ngudi khac tren ddt nude ta), vdn Id sdn phdm cua nen vdn minh ndng nghiep ed truyen, khdng nhung khdng hi tan hay suy gidm, md ngdy cdng chiem uu the Do co cdu gpn nhe ciia nd (chi - ngudi) da ddp ung mdt each hiiu hieu cho tinh ca ddng xa hpi cao cua ddt nude d thdi ky thiic ddy tiin trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda va nIn kinh tl thi trudng dinh hudng xd hpi chu nghTa N(ri d ciia c^p v^ ching tre sau ket hdn Trong xa hpi ciia ngudi Tdy tir lau da tdn tgi ludt tue "lap rl qua phdng tir" - nghTa Id cudi re ve d thay trai hudng gia tai va thd phung td tien Ludt tue ndy ddi hdi re bd hp minh Idy hp vp, coi nhu trai ben nha vp (Ld Van Ld, Deing Nghiem V^n, 1968) Trong trudng hpp ndy, ngudi eon gdi khdng theo tap tue la cu tni ben chdng vd ngudi trai, nguac lai, phai sinh sdng ddng nhd vp Tuy nhien, cac trudng hpp "Idp rl qud phdng tii" rat hiem gap, cdn khudn mau ehung ciia eac cap vp chdng tr^ sau ngdy cudi la cu tni d b6n npi Dieu xuat phat tir may Ii co bdn sau Thie nhdt, phd biln che dp hdn nhan Tdy trude ddy !a tinh chat mua ban Cu thi Id, eha me ngudi trai bd mpt sd tien va hien v$t nhu thit, rupu, gao, dl nii trang bing bac dl cudi, thuc tl Id de mua ngudi gdi Viec mua ban (khai dy) trd nen cdng khai, ed thdch thirc, m^c cd hdn hoi gi&a dai di$n eiia nhd trai vd nhd gdi, diing nhu mdt cau ca dao Vi^t Nam da phdn anh: "con gdi la ngudi ta/con ddu mdi that m? eha mua vl" Hdn nhan nhdm muc dich chii ylu thda mdn yeu cau cita gia dinh la sinh eon d^ cdi dl noi doi tdng dudng hon la vi tinh yeu (Ld Vdn Ld, Ddng Nghiem Van, 1968) Tinh chdt mua ban hdn nhan da khdng djnh quySn "sd hiiu" ngudi eon gdi dupe "mua" va vi the cu tni bSn nha chdng la nguyen tac bdt bu^e, trd trudng hpp dde biet nhu da ndi d tren Thu hai, xa hpi ciia ngudi Tay che dp phu quyen da thong tr; tir lau Ong c^u hay dng bde (em hay anh m?) hdu nhu khdng cd quyen lye ho|ic nghia vu gi ddi vdi ngudi chdu ngogi Ngupc lai, dng chii hay dng bde (em hay anh cha) co du mpi quyen luc ddng thdi ed nghia vu dd dau va san sde ddi vdi ngudi chdu ndi chua thdnh nien md cdi cha m? (La Van Ld, Dang Nghiem Van, 1968) Cudn sach "Den vdi ngudi Tay va vdn hda Tay" (2011) La Cdng Y thyc hien khdng dinh rd them: Gia dinh ngudi Tdy tdn tai dudi hinh thiie gia dinh phu he; d do, tinh huylt thing dupe tinh theo ddng eha vd eon cdi sinh diu mang hp cua ngudi cha Trong moi gia dinh nhu the, ngudi chdng, ngudi cha thudng ddng vai trd la ngudi chu (ngudi Tdy gpi la "ngudi dau nha") Hp cd quyen quyet djnh mpi vka dk vd gidi quylt tdt ca nhihig vdn de liSn quan, dinh dang den gia dinh minh - nhu dieu khiln ede hogt dpng sdn xudt, td chiic ddi sing, sinh hoat, lo vi^c thd ty, e(ing bdi cung nhu thay m^t gia dinh giao tiep vdi hp hang, lang xdm vd chinh quyen dja phuang, v.v Dgc trung gia trudng phu quyen, thyc te, dd la mpt ca sd xd hoi quan trpng quylt djnh noi cu tni la thupc 24 Ban sdc van hda Tdy nhin lit gdc van hdnh vl bdn npi cua nhihig ddi vo chdng mdi cudi, bdi neu d bdn vp thi vi the vd vai trd gia trudng cua ngudi ehdng se khdng thuc hien dupe Theo cdch ndi cua ngudi Vipt (KJnh) thi dd chi Id cdnh "chd chui gdm ehan" md khdng ngudi dan dng Tdy ndo mong muon Thii ba, tm nguong thd eiing td tidn qui dinh Ngudi Tdy tm rdng, bd mp qua ddi, sang d thi gidi ben hp vdn thudng xuyen lien he qua I?i vdi ngudi than, vi the vipe lo tang ma vd sau dd thd ciing chu ddo Id nghia vu bdt bupe cua nhiing ngudi trai Ngupc lai, ngudi dd khudt se ludn phu hp dp tei eho ngudi eon sdng lam an yen on Vifc thd cung td tien khdng nhitag thi hipn dao hilu ma cdn Id nilm tin vl su tdn t^i mdi quan he/gifta ngudi sdng vd ngudi da chit Tap tue ndy rdt gidng vdi quan niem eua ngudi Viet - nhu Mai Huy Bich (2000) da vilt "Tir bao ddi nhihig ttuyln thdng nhu ehii "hieu" vd tue thd cung td tien Id nhdm tao dung vd gia gin quan h$ mat thilt gitta cdi vd cha me" (h-.40) Tit tap tpc ndy, ta cd thi ly gidi: sau kit hdn, ngudi trai khdng the bo ben npi sang d ddng ngoai dl tu tude bd nghia vu thieng lieng thd cdng to tidn Mdt di quyIn dd, hp tu cdm thdy nhuc nha, chua kl se bi cdng d6ng Idng bdn len an, ehe eudi Ve phan cdng lao dpng gia dinh Gia dinh ngudi Tdy d Vidt Nam tir Idu da Id mdt don vi kinh tl dpc Idp vd tu chu, vdi cdc ngudn tu lieu vd kl hoach sdn xudt rieng d dd, "ehdu rudn" (chu nha) la ngudi chdng, ngudi eha cd quyIn va ed trdch nhi$m td chiic mpi sinh hoat vd phdn cdng lao dpng hong gia dinh Quan sat ddi sdng d tpc ngudi ndy, ngudi ta thdy mpt khudn mlu ehung la nam nil diu tham gia cdng viec ddng dng, thudng thi nam edy bita, song d nhilu noi nG cimg edy bira nhu nam gidi Ndi chung phu nil lam vice nhieu ban nam gidi vi phai tham gia cdng vifc ddng dng, vira phdi ddm dang cdng viee bdp nue, may mac, nuoi eon, v.v Khi ndng nhdn, nam gidi rii di sdn ban, ddnh ea, nCi thi may vd, kdo soi, d?t vdi Rdt hilm ed ngudi phu nii Tdy thodt ly san xuat, ea nhOng gia dinh gidu ed (La Vdn Ld, Ddng Nghiem Van, 1968) Nghien cdu cua Dd Thuy Binh (1994) ciing cho th4y, ngudi ddn dng dam nhipm cdc cdng vipc ddng dng nang nhpc, edy bira, phdt cay to de 1dm ray, sdn bdt, dan Idt, bdo ve miia mdng, dan ba cay hai, cham bdn hoa mau, ngodi cdn ddm nhdn trpng trdch ndng ne Id nudi day con, lam npi tro va chdm lo com dn vdi mde cho ede thdnh vien gia dinh Cdn eac em nhd thi giup eha mp bdng cdc cdng vi^c nhe nhdng vd dan gidn hon nhu chdn thd gia sue, gia elm, kit hpp l^y cui, lay mdng vd Idm mdt s6 vipe vdt nha Den day, chung ta cd thi djt mdt eau hdi: Vdy khudn ndu chung vl phan cdng lao ddng cae gia dinh Tdy dupe dya hen co sd nao ddy? Mdi tho^it nhin, ngudi ta rdt dl dang nhan thdy su phdn cdng lao dpng d day Id sir phdn cdng mpt cdch tu nhidn, dua hen ed sd sinh hpc, md cu the la cdn cir vdo sdc khde vd kha nang ndng cda moi ngudi Ay la ngudi khde manh (thudng Id ddn dng) thi Idm nhiing cdng viec ndng, tieu tdn nhieu siic lire; ngudi cd khd ndng cdn min, ti mi (thudng la phy nil) Idm nhiing cdng vi$c tay nh? nhdng hon nhung lai ddi hdi su kheo leo; cdn nhihig ngudi siic khde ylu hode chua thao viec (thudng Id ngudi gid va he em) thi 1dm nhihig vi^c gidn dan, khdng ddi hdi nhieu ve siic lye Tuy nhien, nlu quan sat ky ban, sd khdng thi phu nhdn dupe Id: sy phdn cdng lao dpng frong gia dinh Tdy edn chju sy chi phdi rdt nhieu bdi nhiing djc trung vdn hda t§c \Be Vdn Hail, 25 ngudi: dd Id sir phan cdng lao ddng tren ea sd gidi Cdu ndi xd giao tham hdi sdn phu cua ngudi Tdy sau ddy dd phdn ndo ndi len dilu dd: "danh cd hay hdi rau" hode "edm biit hay edm kim chi", nghia Id: trai hay gdi? Hdy chua ndi tdi ede cdng viee dac thu nhu ma ehay, cudi xin, II hpi, eiing gio.v.v tir trudc din van ngudi gid va ngudi dan dng phy trdch chinh, edn phy nii chi dupe tham gia cdc cdng vide phy Theo mdt nghien cihi eua Dd Thiiy Binh, eho din giOa thdp nien 90 cua the ky XX mdi cd 20% sd gia dmh Tdy, Nung tiong dd vp vd chdng da cung 1dm eac cdng viec ndi tro Van cdn din trdn 1/3 sd gia dinh, ede dng chdng hiypt ddi khdng tham gia vdo cdc cdng vipe ndy (Dd Thdy Bmh, 1994) Ddc bipt giai doan gdn day, tdc ddng cua qud trinh cdng nghiep hda, hien dsii hda vd nIn kinh tl thj hudng, cdng nhu su tiin bd cua khoa hpc ky thuat, su phdn cdng lao ddng gia dinh ngudi Tdy cdng dang cd su thay ddi rdt can bdn Nhilu phu no Tdy cd ndng lye lam ngudn kinh tl chinh eho gia dmh, ndn khdng it ngudi phu nfl da giit vai trd lam chu de dilu hdnh mpt sd ho^t ddng gia dmh Cdn tre em, ehinh sdch phd cdp hda hpc vdn cdp Trung hpc ca sd, thudng chi 1dm viec gia dmh ed thdi gian roi, cudng dd lao ddng cOng gidm thilu rdt nhilu Nhin chung, sy phdn cdng lao ddng gia dinh ngudi Tdy dang thay ddi theo hudng tich cue: ngudi gid dupe nghi ngcri nhieu han, eon cdi ca nam va nir deu dupe di hpc, phy nil tham gia vdo cae cdng vipe ben ngoai cdng tdng, cdn quan he nam vd nil cung khdng cdn nhilu cdch biet nhu trudc Vifc ke thii^ va phan chia tdi san O cdc gia dinh Tdy, vd nguyen tdc, ngudi eha ed quyIn quylt dinh hit thdy mpi cdng vide vd trai dupe hudng gia tdi, dd ngudi eon trudng dupe hudng them phdn rudng huang hda va dupe tdn trpng ngang vdi ngudi eha (Ld Vdn Ld, Ddng Nghiem V ^ , 1968) Cdng trinh nghien ciru "Cac dan tde Tdy Nimg d Vipt Nam" (1992) cho rdng h'nh chdt phy quyen khdng chi bieu hipn qua vai trd ngudi cha, ngudi chdng la ngudi quyet dinh mpi vi$c nha, md cdn bidu hien ro rpt vi^c phdn chia tai sdn Cdng vi^c ndy chi dupe tiin hdnh eha mp vl gia hay dd qua ddi, hojc mpt sd nhOng ngudi trai cCing vp tdch dn d rieng Nlu eha mp cdn sdng thi ngudi eha sS dirng chia gia tdi cho eac trai Cha me ciing giO lai mdt phdn, cd thi la thua rupng hay trau, hogc mdt sd dd dac cd gid tri (tieng Tay gpi Id "chugng coke" tiic eua nudi ngudi gid) Phdn tdi sdn dupe gdp vdo phdn cda ngudi (thudng la trudng) ma cha mp sd cdng ehung sdng ve gid Ngudi khdng nhOng phdi phyng dudng, ma cdn cd trdch nhiem ehinh lo viec tang ma va thd cimg td tien cha mp khudt bdng Nlu cha me qua ddi, ngudi eon trai trudng ciing ehii bde dirng chia tdi sdn Trong trudng hpp nay, gia san thudng chia deu cho cdc anh em trai Day Id khudn mau mang tinh phd bidn Mdc ddu xd hpi Tay timg ton t^ quan nipm "me chet, ddu trudng coi nhu mp", nhung thuc tl ngudi phu nir khdng cd quyIn thita kl tai sdn nhihtg thii ma ehinh hp dd gdp phdn ddng ke de 1dm Hp khdng duac hudng gia tdi, trir trudng hpp khdng cd trai, ngudi gdi dugc hp hdng cdng nhdn thira kl cha mp thay trai Trudng hpp thi lap re qud phdng tir, nghia Id cudi re ve d nhd thay trai hudng gia tdi vd thd phyng td tien Con rl bd hp minh lay hp nha vp, coi nhu eon trai 26 Bdn sdc vdn hda Toy nhin lie gdc van hdnh ben nha vp (La Van Ld, Dang Nghiem Van, 1968) Nhung cdng edn nhdn manh Id, khdng dupe phdn chia tdi sdn, song di Idy chdng, ngudi eon gdi ciing dupe eha mp eho eua hdi mdn - bao gdm qudn do, tu trang, vdi vde vd mpt sd dd dirng cdn thiet hong cu§e sdng, smh hoat hang ngdy nhu chdn, man, chilu, ndi chdo, bat dia, am chen, mdm, chdu, v.v Vdi nhimg gia dinh gidu cd, khd gid, gdi di Idy chdng thudng dupe bo mp tdng dd trang site lam bdng kim loai quy, gom vdng ed, vdng tay, khuyen tai, ddy xa tich Mpt sd ngudi edn dupe bd me cho mang vl nhd chdng ed trdu, bd, ngua vd neu Idy chdng bdn thi cd the dupe nhan them 1-2 thda rudng Nhu vdy, su phdn biet, hay dung hem Id su bdt binh ddng viec thira kl tdi san giGa nam vd nil d ngudi Tdy la nguyen tde bdt di bdt dich (trir trudng hop dde bi^t) Dilu ndy cd ngudn gde tir tu tudng trpng nam khinh nG eua van hda phuang Ddng, nhat Id vdn hda Ddng A ed truyln nhirng nIn van hda ndy, dd ed vdn hda Tdy, ngudi phy nG bao gid cung cd dia vi thap hon nam gidi Hp it dupe tham gia gidi quylt cae cdng vipe Idn eua gia dinh vd phdi tudn thu mdt sd qui tdc irng xd thi hien su bdt binh ddng vl gidi cdc gia dinh Tdy, "giua bd ehdng vd ddu, anh chdng vd em ddu, ed sy each bi^t nghiem ngat Con ddu khdng dupe ngdi dn chung vdi bo chong vd anh eh6ng, thdm chi khdng dupe dung ehung mpt ehdu rda mat Ngupc lai, bd chdng vd anh ch6ng khdng dupe budc vdo hudng ddu vd em ddu trd trudng hpp cdp thilt nhu phdi cdp ciiu ngudi bi dm ndng" (Vien Dan tdc hpc, 1992: 86)) Theo nhd nghien ciiu La Cdng Y, tu tudng "nam tdn nQ ti" cua ngudi Tdy rdt ndng nl, khdng thua kem so vdi ngudi Vipt (La Cdng Y,2011) Ve khudn mau chung song giira cha m^ va trai Ndi dac thu ddi sdng cua cdc gia dinh Idn Tdy Id eha mp vl gia thudng sdng eiing vdi mpt nhirng ngudi eon ttai, thudng vdi eon trai cd Cung cd trudng hpp (rat hiem) cha me gid cd, cd eon edi song nhOng nguyen nhdn ndo dd van sdng rieng vd mpi ngudi diu phdi cd trdch nhiem bdo dam vipe phyng dudng Khi cha mp qua ddi, phdi chdn edt vdi nhOng nghi le trpng thi theo tdp tyc teuyin thdng eiia ddn tpc Chi khdng cd trai, cha mp mdi sdng cung gdi va ngudi gdi trd thdnh ngudi thira kl tdi sdn cua cha me Day la mpt khudn mau kha bin vihig, dd tdn t?i tir lau ddi sdng xd hdi ngudi Tdy d Viet Nam Cd nhilu ly xd hdi cd thi gidi thich eho hien tupng eha me gid sdng chung vdi gia dinh ngudi trai dd trudng Vao nam 2008, Vien Nghien ciiu Phdt triin xa hdi dd tiin hanh mpt khdo sdt xd hpi hgc vdi ddi tupng Id dan tde Tdy, Nung (dung lugng 900 mlu phdng van dinh lugng, dd 600 mlu Tdy vd 300 Nung) tai dia ban huy^n thu^c tinh Lang Son, ket qud thu nhap dugc cd 85,8% ngudi dupe hdi tra Idi d ciing trai trudng thdnh Cap bde cha mp gid d ciing trai da trudng thdnh cd 1^ nhu sau: 7,8% trd Idi dd buon; 14,4% kmh te dua vdo con; 64,5% tipn chdm sdc chdu; 15,0% theo phong tyc tap qudn vd 23,2% la ede I;^ khac Nhung ngodi cdc ly vita ndu, chiing ta eon biet vipe eha mp gid sdng ehung vdi gia dinh ngudi eon trai cd quan h$ khdng tach ro vrn nhieu khudn may gia dinh khdc, chdng han, khudn mlu cfe vg chdng trd cu tru ve ben npi sau ngdy ket hdn, khudn mlu kl thira vd phdn chia tdi sdn, v.v Cho \piVdnHdi\ 27 nen, ty le 85,8% cae bde eha me gid dang sdng cung gia dinh ngudi trai da trudng thdnh la dilu khdng 1^ Tuy nhien, eupc dieu tra tren edn eho thdy cd din 14,2% nhdm ngudi cao tudi khdng thich sdng cimg ehdu Trong sd nhiing ngudi nay, cd 18,5% cho rdng sdng vdi chdu rdt phiic t£ip; 3,75% ndi phai chiu trdch nhiem nhilu; 18,5% nha eua chat chpi; 37,0% ndi eai khdng thich sdng chung vd 11,1% Id eon cdi bdt hilu Ngupc lai, eung cd m^t ty 1? tuong ung ciia nhiing ngudi khdng thich sdng ciing bd me gid cudc khdo sat xa hdi hpc tpc ngudi cua Dd Thiiy Binh (1994) da minh ehiing cho dilu d6 Theo tdc gid ndy, viec cdi khdng mudn sdng chung vdi bd me gid ciing cd nguyen ciia nd Cu the la, dieu kien vat chat ddi sdng hdng khd han, lam tdng tinh tich eye, ndng dpng va tinh ddc lap ve mat kinh tl cua nhiing gia dinh ciing nhu long mong mudn xay dung cac mdi quan h6 gia dinh theo nhimg khudn mau mdi, khdng cd su dp dat cua the he gid vdi sdc ep cua nhdng tap tyc, truyen thdng, v.v Nhirng nguyen nhan tren da thiic day cdc cap vp chdng tre tdch sdng dpc lap (Do Thuy Binh, 1994) Rd rdng la cdng eupe edng nghifp hda, hi?n dai hda va nen kinh te thi trudng dang lam cho cac khudn mlu gia dinh eiia ngudi Tdy, du Id nhiing khudn mau ben viing nhdt, ciing dang cd sy thay ddi M^y nh^n x6t ban d^u thay cho kit lu^n Qua viee tim hieu mdt sd khudn mau nhu da neu, cudtig cho phep nit mot sd nhan xet nhu sau: Van ki?n hpi nghi Idn thu (khda VIII) ciia Ddng ta da ghi rd: "Nen van hda Vi?t Nam Id nen vdn hda thdng nhdt md da dang cpng dong ede ddn tpc Viet Nam Hon 50 nhdm tdc ngudi sdng tren ddt nude ta dSu cd nhdng gia tri vd sdc thdiriSng.Cac gia tri va sdc thai dd bd sung cho nhau, lam phong phii nen vdn hda Vi?t Nam vd ciing cd sy thing nhat dan tpc Id co sd dl giii viing su binh ddng vd phdt huy tinh da dang vdn hda ciia cdc ddn tpc anh em" (Ddng Cdng san Vi|t Nam, 1998: 57) Nghien cuu ede khudn mau gia dinh ciia ngudi Tdy vd dat chiing tuang quan vdi cac khudn mliu gia dinh cua cdc tde ngudi anh em khdc, nhdt Id ddi vdi ngudi Vi$t (Kinh), chiing ta dl ddng nhan thdy cdc khudn mau gia dinh cua ngudi Tay ciing phdn anh tinh thdng nhdt da dang, hay da dang thing nhdt cua nen vdn hda Vi?t Nam Cae khudn m§u gia dinh ciia ngudi Tdy (cung nhu cua cac tdc ngudi khdc tren ddt nude ta) khdng v ^ hdnh mpt each don le, ma ludn ket hpp Igi vdi thdnh mdt chinh thi mang tinh h? thdng Ngoai khudn mau nhu da ndi d tren, van cdn nhieu thu khudn mau gia dinh khac, chdng ban, khudn mau dng xii giiia vp vd chdng, giiia eha m? va eon cdi, khudn mlu ling xii cua ngudi sdng ddi vdi ngudi chit, roi cae khudn mau lao ddng san xuat va hoat ddng kinh te, v.v ehung tdi nghT rdng vi^c di sdu nghien cuu mpt each cd he thdng va todn ven nhu vdy khdng chi lam sang td mdi tuong quan giiia gia dinh Tay vdi gia (flnh va nen vdn hda chung cua todn quoc gia - ddn tdc, ma cdn gdp phdn tich eye vao sy nghi?p xay dyng nIn vdn hda Vi^t Nam tien tiin, dam da ban 28 Bdn sdc van hoa Tdy nhin tu gdc dp vgn hdnh sac ddn tpc nhu Nghi quyet ciia Ddng da de Cdng viec dang chd dpi dpi ngu nhiing ngudi nghien cuu khoa hpc xd hdi thdi gian sdp tdi, nhdt la ddi vdi cac nha nhdn hpe van hda va xd hpi hpe van hda Tai lieu trich dan Mai Huy Bich 2000 Noi eu tni sau hdn nhdn d dong bdng sdng Hdng Tap chi Xa hpi hpc, sd 4: 33 DS Thiiy Binh 1994 Hdn nhdn vd gia dinh cac dan tpc Tdy, Nimg vd Thdi d Viet Nam Nxb Khoa hpc xa hdi, Hd Ndi Dang Cpng sdn Viet Nam (1998), vdn kien hpi nghi Idn thd V Ban chip hanh Trung uong khda VIII Dang Cdng sdn Vidt Nam, Nxb chinh tri qude gia Ha Npi La Van Ld, Dang Nghidm Van 1968 So lupc gidi thidu ede nhdm ddn tde Tay Niing Thdi d Vi?t Nam Nxb Khoa hpe xa hpi Ha Npi Vi?n Ddn tpc hpc 1992 Cac dan tpc Tdy Nimg d Vidt Nam Nxb Khoa hoe xa h^i, HdNdi La Cdng Y 2010 Din vdi ngudi Tdy va van hda Tay, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hOi, Ha Npi ... (Ld Van Ld, Ddng Nghiem Van, 1968) Kilu gia dinh Idn, chau nhieu ddi cung dn eiing d vdi dudi cung mpt mdi nha, dd ehuyin ddn sang kilu loai gia dinh nhd (gia dmh hat nhan) ehinh la dl thich irng... khdng dinh rd them: Gia dinh ngudi Tdy tdn tai dudi hinh thiie gia dinh phu he; d do, tinh huylt thing dupe tinh theo ddng eha vd eon cdi sinh diu mang hp cua ngudi cha Trong moi gia dinh nhu the,... de liSn quan, dinh dang den gia dinh minh - nhu dieu khiln ede hogt dpng sdn xudt, td chiic ddi sing, sinh hoat, lo vi^c thd ty, e(ing bdi cung nhu thay m^t gia dinh giao tiep vdi hp hang, lang
Ngày đăng: 08/11/2022, 10:07
Xem thêm:
