58 ^ t t feifn - ^Ijikn iiinl) xahpi hoc2(BOX2015 -I CONG T A C X A HOI TRONG DAM BAO MUC TIEU AN SINH XA H O I CJ V I £ T NAM Bin THI THANH HA' An sinh xa hpi (ASXH) cd vai tro to lon phat tridn xS h^i Bta ciiit ciia ASXH la t ^ luoi an tota gdm nhidu ting, nhidu ldp cho tit ca cac thtah vien xa hpi truong hop bi suy gitoi, bi mit thu nhap hay gap phai nhimg nil ro khac Cdn CTXH CO vai tip thiic diy su phat tridn xa hpi va cd kdt xa hpi voi ddi tupng la cac nhdm yen thd, trp giup hp tap lap duae su bidn ddi vd didu kien sdng va ntag cao chat lupng cudc sdng Dieu dd cho thiy CTXH va ASXH cimg gdp phan thvrc hien nhung muc tidu cua phat trien xa hpi ndi chung Bai viet se phta tich vai trd, vi tri ciia CTXH treng viec thuc hifn cac muc tieu ASXH d Vi?t Nam, tren ca sd tdng quan cac tai lieu va bao cao lien quan den chu de nghien ciiu tu nam 2000 den d Viet Nam Mpt so khai niem Cdng Idc xd hoi CTXH la khai niem dupc hidu khac giiia cac qudc gia, cac td chiic va cac thdi didm khac Khai ni$m dupc Lien doto Cdng tac xa hdi Qudc td (IFSW) va Hi?p hpi Qudc td cac Truong Cdng tac Xa hdi (lASSW) chinh thiic thdng qua nam 2014; "CTXH Id mQt itghi mang linh ehdt thuc hdnh vd la mot nganh khoa hoc Ihue ddy su Ihay dot vd phat trim xd hoi, gdn ldt xd hoi, tdng ndng luc vd gidi phong eon ngudi Cdc nguyen tde ve cdng bdng xd hQi, quyin ngu&i, trdeh nhiem tap thi vd ton su Sa dgng la IrQng tdm cua cong Idc xd hoi Lhra tren ca so ly thuyit eong tde xa hoi, ihoa hoc xd hoi, nhdn vdn vd kiin thitc bdn dia, cong tdc xd hoi thu htit nguai vd ca cdu xd hQi gidi quyit nhOng kho khdn cuoc sSng vd ndng cao an sinh " (IFSW, 2014) CDCH la indt nganh khoa hpc, mdt Unh vuc hoat dpng chuyen mdn phat tridn huong den cac ddi hipng ydu thd (ngum ngheo, ngudi cao tudi, ngudi khuydt tat, tre em cd hoan ctah khd khSn, nguoi di cu, nguoi dta tdc thidu sd, nhiem HfV/AIDS ) x5 hdi de giai quyet cac vaii dd dang sinh cdng ddng, theo dudi muc tieu vi h?nh phiic cho nguoi va tien bd xa hpi, gpp phin phattoidnbdn viing An sinh xd hoi Theo nghia rpng.- ASXH Id su bdo ddm Ihuc Men cdc quyin di nguai duac an binh, bdo dam an ninh an todn xS hoi Theo nghia hep, ASXH Id stf bdo ddm thu nhap vd ' IS, Viin Xd hgi hgc Bili Thi Thanh Hd 59 mot sd dieu lain thiit yiu khdc cho cd nhdn, gia dinh va CQng ddng truang hap bi gidm, hogc mdt thu nhgp vi ly bi gidm hogc mdt khd ndng lao dpng hay mdt viec ldm ht^ g^ phdi nhirng riii ro khdc; cho nhirng ngtrdi gid cd dan, tre em md cdi ngudri tdn tdt, nhiing ngudi yiu thi, ngudi bi dnh huang bdi thiSn tai dich hoa (Vu Van Phuc, 2012) Dich vw cong tdc xa hdi Dich vu CTXH la nhung dich vu xa hoi huong den nhom dfii tugng yeu thl dh thuc hien cac quyen co ban cua nguoi phat triln bin vung Cac dich vu CTXH boat dong duoi nhiSu binh thurc, cu the boa cac luat phap, chinh sach nba nuoc ve cac linh vuc phuc loi xa hpi, y te, giao due, phap ly cung cip trg giup cho cac ca nhan, nhom, cgng dong khac ph\ic cac kbo khan, gidm thieu nhirng rdo cdn vd bdt binh ddngxa hdl Ca sa phat tri€n nganh cong tac xa hgi Su dinb hinh va pbat trien ciia CTXH tai mdi nuac la khac nhung dac thu ve kinh te, xa hgi va van hoa Qua trinb xay dung va phat triln CTXH a nhilu nuoc tren the gioi da cimg cap nhieu bai hgc kinh nghiem co gia tri cimg cac co so phap ly, cac nhu cau th\rc tien de phat trien mgt nganh CTXH chuyen nghiep (Unicef, 2005; Vil Van Phuc, 2012; Nguyen Tbi Thu Ha, 2013; Nguyen Thi Kira Hoa va cong su, 2014) Hien nuoc ta co bang chuc trieu nguoi (gom ca cac doi tugng tiem nang) dang can dich v\i CTXH Ca nuoc gom hon trieu nguoi ngheo, hon trieu nguoi cao tuoi, 5,4 trieu nguoi khuyet tat, 1,6 trieu tre em co hoan canh dac biet, ban 180.000 nguai nhiem HIV, gan 170.000 nguai nghien ma tiiy va ban 30.000 nguoi boat dgng mai dam cimg hang trieu ngudi co nhirng van de xa hgi khac can dugc ho trg de giai quyet kho khan, thich nghi va boa nhap (TCTK, 2010; Bg Y tl va UNFPA, 2013) Thuc tl doi hoi phai pbat trien nbanb nganh CTXH ca ve lugng va tinh chuyen nghiep cua no Nam 2004, Bg Giao due va Dao tao da ban hanh ma dao tao nganh CTXH he thing giao due dai hgc, cao dSng va trung hgc chuyen nghiep Nam 2009 cac to churc nuac va quoc te, cac ca quan quan ly Nha nuoc d6ng thuan ky "Tuyen bd Hap tdc ve Phdt triin nghe CTXH tgi Vi?t Nam" Nam 2010, D I an 32 dai voi muc tieu phat triln CTXH tra mgt nghi a Viet Nam, la ca so phap Iy quan trgng nhat doi vol su phat trien nghe H^g loat quylt dinh, thong tu va ca so dao tao chuyen nghiep doi sau Vai tr6 cua cong tac xa hoi Tren thl gioi, CTXH dugc khang dinh la mgt nghe hoat dgng chuyen nghiep khong thl thilu doi song xa hgi Vi tri, vai tro quan trgng ciia CTXH dugc To churc Lao dgng Qu6c tl (ILO) nhan manh dua cac ngi dimg CTXH vao ngi dung cua ASXH, dac bi?t or vai tro kbong the thay the dugc viec cung cap cac dich vu xa hgi nuac ta, vai tro cua CTXH dam bao muc tieu ASXH dugc the bien ro tbong qua viec thuc hien chinh sach trg giup xa hgi chien lugc ASXH Muc tieu chien luac la phai xay dung dugc mgt h$ thong ASXH todn ddn, ben virng hien dgi phu hgp vai nin kinh tl thi trucmg dinh huong XHCN bli canh hgi nhap sau rgng vao nen kinh te tbe gioi Timg buoc mo rgng pham vi bao pbii va su tham 60 Cong tdc ddm bdo myc tieu gia cua nguoi dta vao he thdng Ddn ntai 2020, ca b t o bao dtoi cho mpi doi tupng yia thd dupc tidp can va hudng thu cac chinh sach ASXH Bao d t a i miic sdng tdi thidu cho mpi nguoi, gdp phin xoa dpi gitai ngheo bdn viing, dn djnh an ninh, chinh tri va xa hdi (ILSSA &GIZ, 2013) m thuc hidn muc tidu dat hidu qua, ASXH sii dung CTXH nhu hoat ddng chuyen mdn nhim chuydn giao, ttidn khai cac chinh sach, chuang hmh, dich vu ASXH vao thuc tien CTXH cd vai ttd kdt ndi giiia cac ngtoh khoa hpc khac thdng qua su phdi hpp giua cac nhta vidn C T X H ' vdi cac chuyen gia ciia cac ngtoh (xa hpi hpc, ttoi ly, y te, lu$t ) nhim thuc hien cac muc tidu ASXH CTXH gop phin thiic diy qua trmh giai quydt cac van dd xa hdi, giiip cac nhdm ydu thd hoa nhap xa hpi tdt han, ttog cuang su ntag cao chit lupng sdng cua mpi thtoh vidn Mpi hoat dpng ciia CTXH thuc hien chiic ntag co bto: phdng ngira nii ro, gitoi thidu riii ro va khic phuc nil ro tren co sa cac gia fri Bto quy didu dao diic CTXH (Social Work's Code of Ethics)^ DSy la net die thil ciia CTXH, cua phucmg phap tidp cto giai quydt vin dd, vdi tridt ly nghd nghiep va cac gia tri dupc dd cao, nhQng tieu chuin dao diic dupc m t o thu vi muc dich mang 1^ mdt trang thai khde m?nh cho tit ca mpi ngudi Vi thi CTXH dd duac sic dung nhu phuang tifn, cong cu di thuc hiin cdc chuang trinh, chinh sdch ASXH (Dd to Phat tridn nghd CTXH giai doan 2010-2020) CTXH CO vai tro nhto td ndng cdt chidn lupc ASXH thong qua hoat dpng cua nhta vien xa hpi thuc hidn cac chinh sach trp giiip xa hdi Hp dupc trang bi kidn thlic rpng vd tai nguydn xa hdi (cac chuong trinh ASXH) va ap dung vao kd ho^ch can thi?p cda minh, dac biet va nhieu nhat a vai tro tham vto Cac nghien ciiu chi ra, du vdi xu hupng nhta manh cac hoat dpng tung lmh vuc nhtmg CTXH cd mSt tat c^ cdc cac chidu canh cua ASXH CTXH ho trp phat trien ngudn nhta lire va hota thien thd ch^ chinh sach, the che td chiic Hogt dpng th\tc tien ciia nhto vidn xa hdi giiip phdi hap cac hogt dpng cua mang luoi, nhan di?n th\rc trang, du bao vd cac v t o de xa hpi mcri sinh, kip thdi dd xuat giai phap, giiip ltoh dao cac cap hoach dinh cac chinh sach xa hpi, ntog cap chit lupng hogt dpng cua mang ludi CTXH CO vai ttd kdt ndi ngudn ittc, kdt ndi cac dich vu tit cac nhta vien CTXH giup nhiing ddi tupng ydu the tidp can vdi cac chinh sach ho trp, cac dich vu xa h§i dl cai thi?n chat lupng cudc sdng Vi du, ttp giiip tham vin, quta ly trudng hpp, lam viec theo nhcm, vgn ddng xa hdi va ddng gop vao cac nghien ciiu didu tta xa hpi, phat tridn cpng ddng; hpac phuc hdi va ho ttp tam Iy xa hdi cho nguai nghien ma tiiy, gai mgi dam, ngudi nhiem HIV/AIDS Nhan vien CTXH U nhihig ngiroi dirge dao tao chuyen mon vS CTXH dj ho ag ci nhan v4 eong d6ng tiep e|n eic ehinh sAch va dich vy xa hoi (ILSSA &GIZ, 2011) '• Ban niy bao gom nhdng chuin mire gia tri e6t 16i vS nhjn ihiic va hinh dpng ciia CTXH, c6 y nghta IJm kim chi nam cho cic hoat dpng, la nen ting de xiy dung cic nguyen tic dao dilc vi a) the h6a su m?nh nghS nghiep vi li nhOng chuan mue giup cho cic to chiie, co quan hoat dpng llnh vuc CTXH kilm soil, bo sung vio die ban npi quy cua minh ' Bill Thi Thanh Ha 61 Nhu vay, CTXH dong vai tro "cau ndi" chu chot, la phuang tien hieu qua thuc thi cac chinb sach ASXH, dam bao muc tieu ASXH cua dit nuoc D I lam ro hon vai tro cua CTXH, co thl xem hoat dgng cua CTXH ddi voi bai nhom ylu thl diln hmh la nhdm ngudi cao tudi va nhom ngudi khuyit tdt Tbong qua cac chuang trinh, cac mo hinh, dich vu CTXH va boat dgng thuc tilncua nhan vien CTXH, ^ giup hai nhom ylu the tich cue hoa nhap cgng dong Nhan vien xa hgi co thl ph6i hgp linh boat nhieu khia canh lien quan cua doi tugng nhu kinh tl, p h ^ luat, tam ly, sue khoe, quan he gia dinh va quan he xa hgi Tuy truong hgp va nhiem vu dugc phan cong, hg co the dong nhung vai tro khac nhau^ lam viec voi timg nhom ylu thl 3.1 Cong tdc xd h^i v&i ngudi cao tudi Ngucri cao tuoi (NCT) a nuoc ta chiem hon 10% dan s6, vira la dli tugng cham soc, viJta va la mgt nguon lire dac biet phat trien kinh tl xa hgi a nhilu ITnh vuc La d5i tugng can dugc cham soc, can dam bao an sinh cho hg thong qua cac cbuoi^ trinh, chinh sach phiic Igi xa hgi Vai hon 50 van ban phap luat lien quan din NCT, Viet Nam da co mgt ca scr phap ly nen tang viec dam bao tdt hon doi sing vat chAt, tinh thSn, cham soc siic khoe va phat huy vai tro ciia hg (MOLISA, UNFPA, 2014) CTXH dam trach cac boat dgng lien quan den dich vu cham soc NCT thugc nhieu chuong trinh a cac cip khac Nhan vien CTXH la mgt cac chu thl chinh cham soc NCT, vua phoi hgp vdi cac chuyen gia khac thiic diy hoat dgng nang cao chat lugng s6ng cho NCT Vai tro cua CTXH doi voi NCT the hien a hai hinh thuc Thii nh§t, cham soc ngucri gia CO don cac ca so Bao trg xa hgi Thur hai, cung iing dich vu cham soc NCT tai gia £nh va cgng dong (Biii Thi Xuan Mai, 2010) Trong boat dgi^ bao trg xa hgi, nhan vien CTXH tham gia vao qua trinh xay dung, trien khai cac chinh sach xa hgi va cac chuang tiinh dich vu h6 trg tbeo nhu clu vl tam Iy xa hgi va cham soc Hg true tiep la can bg quan Iy tniong hgp, dieu phoi dich vy thich hgp, giam sat nhiing thay doi nbu cau cua nguoi cao tuoi; lien kit mang luoi trg giiip xa hgi Hg ciing to chiic cac boat dgng doan the tai cac cau lac bg, nha van hoa, cac chuang trinh tren bao, dai va cung c ^ cac dich vu cham soc NCT tai cac trung tam cham soc tu nhaiL Mgt s6 mo hmh boat ^ n g n6i bat, co hieu qua nhu: cau lac bg hen the he tu giiip nbau; cau lac bg du5ng sinh, phu nii cao tufii don than; cau lac bg me chdng nang dau; mo hinh nha duong lao tu nhan hay "Mo hmh tu van va cham soc nguoi cao tudi dua vao cgng ddng" d nhieu dia phuang tren ca nuac Dac biet, "Md hinh cham sdc tgi nha", thirc hien tir nam 2003 din nam 2011, da xay dimg dugc mdt ddi ngu voi 1.992 tinh nguyen vien cham soc hd trg cho 2.310 ngudi gia cd don khdng noi nuong tua hoac bi anh huong bai HIV/AIDS, gdp phin dam bao ASXH cho nhung gia cd dan (CJuynh Anh, 2011) Viet Nam dang giai doan gia hda dan sd, thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi chua cao va he thdng an sinh co bao phu cdn thap la nhung thach thuc hien thyc cham ^ Gom: vai tr6 true tiep (thu thap thong tin, lap (ho trg) lap kg hoach, thirc hi|n k^ hoach, giim sat va lugng gid) va vai tro g i ^ tiep (U iigucri trung gian, nguoi hda giai,tfiuonglirgng, tu vkn, tham v^, hoach dinh chtnh s^h, quan ly, dieu ph5i cac hoat d$ng, nghi€n cuu ) 62 Cong tdc ddm bdo muc lieu sdc NCT Theo du bao, ddn nam 2025 ty Id NCT se chidm 18,8% dan sd va ddn nam 2050 la gto 30% (TCTK, 2010 - dto lgi tit Nguyen Thi Thu Ha, 2013) SS cd hang ttidu NCT cto ddn nhimg ho tto xa hdi vdi cac nhu ciu da dgng Vdd thuc trgng nay, viec hoan thidn he thdng chinh sach va ttog cuang ddi mdi cac chuong trinh cung ung dich vu cham soc va ho ttp NCT la rit cto thidt Tinh chuyen nghiep cua nhto vien CTXH va cac dich vu CTXH cho nhdm ddi tapng ciing cin duac ntog cao Hidn nay, chuyen nganh "CTXH vdi nguoi cao tudi" dupc dua vao chuong trinh dao tgo va huin luydn cho dpi ngu CTXH va tinh nguydn vidn chuyen nghiep la hpp ly 3.2 Cong tdc xa hgi vcfi nguoti khuyet tgt Ngudi khuydt tat "la ngudi bi khidm khuyet mdt hoac nhieu bp phgn ca thd hoac bj suy gitoi chuc ntog dupc bidu hidn dudi dang tgt kbien chp lao dpng, sinh boat, hpc tap g ^ khd khto" (Lugt Nguoi khuydt tgt, 2010) Hidn nay, nguoi khuydt tgt (NKT) a nuoc ta chidm khotog 6% dto sd voi cac nhu can da dang Nha nuoc va cac td chiic va ngoai nuoc da cd nhidu chuong trinh trp giiip nhdm NKT, do, cd nhihig uu tidn ve ngudn Iuc va vi|c bao dam cac quydn ciia NKT dupc tham gia diy dii vao ddi sdng xa hdi Hd th6iig luat phap, chinh sach dtoh cho NKT dangngay ctog dupc hoto thipn nhu bao hidm y t^, dgy nghd va tao vi?c Itol, giao due, hogt ddng trp giiip phap Iy, tiep cgn the thao Xat ca da gdp phin quan trpng ttong vide dn dinh ddi sdng vgt chit va tinh thin cho nhung NKT Trong qua do, CTXH the hidn vai trd ciia minh thdng qua cac chuong ttinh va hogt d^ng cua nhto vidn CTXH he thdng cac dich vu xa hdi Cac nhto vien CTXH da tu vin, giiip nguoi khuydt tgl trdn nhidu Diih vvtc (nhu y td, giao due hda nhap, vide lam), vupt qua khd khan, dap ijmg nhu cau, mang lai cdng bing, binh ding cho hp xa hpi "Chuong trinh Phuc hdi chuc ntog dua vao cpng ddng"* la mdt boat dpng kha hipu qtid tir nSm 1987, trdn quy md toto qudc va Bd Y td phdi hpp vdi cac nhto vien CTXH (khdng mang tinh chuyen nghiep) cbu tti Ddn ntai 2006, Chuang ttmh da dupc ttidn khai tpng khap tgi 46/64 tinh/ Sau hon 20 nam thuc bidn, 71% sd nguca khuydt tat dupc cung cip dich vv ho ttp tgi nha, khotog 50% dupc buong dan tap luypn, hem 70% dupc gui di kham chuyen khoa (Qudc hpi khpa XI, 2006 Din lgi tit Ta Hai Giang, 2012) Chuong ttmh "Giao dye hda nhgp cho nguoi khuydt tat" phat tridn tit nam 1995 gim phucmg thlic: (1) giao dye hda nhap; (2) giao due ban hda nhap va (3) giao dvc chuyen bift (dupc td cbuc tgi 107 co so tidn ca nudrc) Trong ba phuong thiic nay, phuong thiSc giao dvc hda nhip dupc thuc hidn voi tit ca ttd em khuydt tat Day la hogt dpng ma cac nhto vien CTXH da thuong xuyen theo sat tteng cac hoat dpng cua chuong ttinh Nhu ciu hogt ddng CTXH la rit ldn, boi vi Vidt Nam bidn cd khotog 1,1ttiduttdem khuydt tgt (chiem khotog 3,4% ttong tdng sd 32 tiieu ttd emtixmgca nuac) Hidn cd gin 269.000 ttd khuyet tgt (chidm 24,22%) dang di hpc o cac logi hinh ttudng lop va tinb tt^g chung la cac em gap nhieu khd khtotixmghpc tap, van dpng, nhit la cac em khidm thj, khidm thinh Day la del hrpng rat cto suttprgiiip cua nhto vidn CTXH (Ld Vto Tac, 2012) 'Xtt^crritg^irohr''"'"''^"*""''"'"'"'"*^*'^"^''""'"^''*'""^"^" Bili Thi Thanh Hd 63 Muc tieu cua giao due tre khuyit tat la h i u h i t cac em cd co bdi binh ding tiep can g i ^ due co chit lugng Song tren thuc t l , muc tieu khdng thl thuc hien dugc vi: 1) cac cap hgc deu thilu giao vien day hda nhap; (2) co sd vat chit tai cac trudng chua san sang cho tre khuyit tat d i n hgc; (3) thilu tai lieu va ngudn tai lieu d l gjao vien tham khao; (4) cac trung tam ho trg giao due hda nhap chua du bao phii tit ca cac tinh/ ca nude (Le Van Tac, 2012) Do vay, vai trd cua nhan vien CTXH cho ddi tugng tre em khuyet tat la rit cin thilt Vg van de vi6c lam cho NKT, hien cd khoang 60% NKT tudi Iao ddng, da sd sdng d ndng thdn vdi dilu kien sdng thilu thdn nen gap nhilu khd kban di I?ii, giao tiep, tim viec Iam de nudi sdng ban than Nha nudc da co nhilu chinh sach ho trg viec lam cho NKT H i | n ca nudc cd 260 doanh nghiep, 55 ca sd chuyen biet va 205 CO sd day n g h i cho ngudi khuyit tat^ Khoang 6.000 ngudi khuyit tat sd 1,5 trieu NKT dugc d^y nghi hang nam (MOLISA, 2014) Cd bdn ITnh virc chu y l u d l nhan vien CTXH tham gia vao dich vy CTXH cho ngudi khuyet tat Dd la: phdng ngiia khuyet tat bim sinh; phat hien sdm - can thiep sdm khuyit tat; giao dye hda nhap, hudng nghiep; va tim viec lam (Biii Thi Xuan Mai, 2010; Ta Hai Giang, 2012; LIN - SISD, 2012; Nguyen Thi Tbu Ha, 2013; Nguyen Thi Kim Hoa, 2014 ) Vai trd ciia CTXH ludn dugc nhin manh cac cbinh sach va chuang truih ho trg ngudi khuyit tat, dac bi?t D l an phat triln ngbi CTXH, va viec dua chuang trinh giang day v l ngudi khuyit tat nhu la ddi tugng ciia CTXH CTXH vdi nhdm NKT can cd sy phdi hgp lien nganh, dya tren cac hilu bilt v l NKT va he thdng chinh sach, dich vy xa hgi hien hanh va dua tren each tiep can vS hda nhap xS hgi ho^t ddng ho trg, tu van, giam sy ky thi, phan biet vdi nbdm ddi tugng Kbi cac bg nganh, dia phuang trien khai cac md binh nbu day nghe gan vdi gial quyet vi^c lam; phuc hdi chiic nang dya vao cdng ddng; hd trg sinh ke cho NKT, sy tham gia va vai trd ciia cac nhan vien CTXH chuyen nghiep d day Iai cang trd nen can thiet Tdm Igi, cd the khai quat vai trd cua CTXH d nhung mat sau Thii nhit, CTXH gitip cho cac ddi tugng yeu the nang cao nang lyc giai quyet nhung van de xa hgi cudc sdng Thu hai, CTXH tao sy lien kit giira ngudi tbu hudng chinh sach vdi he thdng cimg ung dich vy, tao cac co hgi de ddi tugng cua chinh sach tiep can dugc vdi he tfadng ngudn lire (chinh thiic va khdng chinh thuc) Thu ba, CTXH gdp phin cai thien chit lugng cac boat dgng ciia he thdng dich vu xa hgi, he thdng ngudn lire Thii tu, CTXH gdp phan vao xay dung, ddi mdi hoac bd sung cho chinh sach xa hdi, hudng tdi myc tieu bao dam ASXH, dn dinh va ddng thuan xa hgi E)l d ^ ling nhu cau ciia ca nhan va xa hdi gjai quylt hieu qua cac vin de ciia cugc sdng, dam bao myc tieu ASXH va gdp phin phat trien b i n vimg, sd ngudi cd nhu ciu v l cac djch vy CTXH len tdi 28% dan sd ca nudc (MOLISA, 2014), cin coi viec phat triln nganh CTXH chuyen nghi?p va dao tao nhan Iyc CTXH la khau ca ban va cip t h i l t ^ Hg dugc uu dai hgc ngh^ dugc cap hgc bdng vd trg cSp xS hgi, mien ho3c giam hgc phi can cu mi^c dO khuyel tat va suy giam kha nSng lao dgng 64 Cong tdc ddm bao muc lieu Nhan xet va ban luan Phat ttidn CTXH nudc ta cd nhimg dac ttimg khac bidt so vcri cac qudc gia khac trdn thd giai, dac biet ttong cac hogt ddng ttp giiip xa hpi va thuc hidn cac chinh sach ASXH D P cin xay dung md hlnh CTXH thich hpp ASXH la cdng cu co b t o dd tang cudng ntog luc, ttao quydn va phat huy d t o c h i cho mpi thtoh vidn xS hSi Cac hogt dpng cua CTXH, la ciu ndi giila cac chinh sach ASXH ddn vdi cac ddi tupng tbu hudng, gin kdt giOa cac nganh lidn quan vide thuc hipn cac muc tidu ASXH Md hmh CTXH la su kit hpp giira vai ttd chu dao cua nha nudc (ti'ong quan ly tap tiimg va phan cip) vdi su ho ttp, tham gia tich cue cua cac ca nhto, td chiic ttong va ngoai nudc de cac nhdm ydu thd cd thd tidp can dupc cac dich vu CTXH tdt nhat CTXH la mpt nghd moi d Viet Nam va la md hinh boat dpng chuydn mdn co hidu qua dd ttao quydn va ntog cao chat lupng sdng cho cac ddi tupng yeu thd Vai tto cua CTXH dupc thd hidn thdng qua cac dich vy CTXH, d o ' nhin mgnh vai tto oim cac nhto vidn CTXH vcri cac nhdm yiu thi ttong giai quydt v i n dd xa hdi, ntog cao ntog luc cho ca nhto, gia dinh, cdng d6ng va cai thidn chat lupng an sinh Dd CTXH dam ttach tdt ban niia vai trd quan ttpng ttpng dam bao mvc tieu ASXH, CTXH cin thay ddi va phat triin phu hpp vol bdi canh xa hpi Thep do, phai ntog cao tinh chuydn nghiep va chit lupng mgng luoi boat ddng CTXH; md rdng didn bao phii cac dich vv CTXH (phdi hpp va thuc diy cac dicb vu cdng, tu vd ttp giiip xa hdi) nhim huy ddng cac ngudn luc va tang tinh chuydn nghidp ttong cung cap dich vy CTXH The che hda dpi ngii cto bd, nhto vien CTXH, mgng luoi cung cap dicb vu CTXH ttdn ndn ttog dao tgo toto didn Bd sung nhihig thieu hvt ky ntog chuyen biet ttong hogt ddng CTXH voi nhdm ydu thd va cac v t o de ttong thuc tien boat ddng ciia n h t o vidn CTXH Hoan thi?n CO chd chinh sach, phap ly ca b t o de phat ttien CTXH vdi tu each la mdt nghe chuyen ngliidp Nghien cuu CTXH la mdt ydu to quan ttpng, tgp ca sd khoa hpc, thuc tiin va giai phap dd phat triin nghi CTXH theo huong chuyen nghiep cin dupc quan tSm va tang cuong tidp can va ap dvng cac phucmg phap, md hinh phat ttidn CTXH cua nhiiu qudc gia tren thi gioi Ngoai ra, cin diy manh boat dpng truydn thdng nang cao nban tbllc vi su cin thidt va tim quan ttpng cua CTXH chuyen nghidp Tiip tuc nghien ciiu xay dung va hoto thipn he thing co chd, chinh sach, tidn tcri luat hda cac Hnh vuc cua ASXH nhu nen ttog ban dau de boat ddng CTXH cd hieu qua Phat triin nganh CTXH chuyen nghidp da va dang la ddi hoi khach quan qui ttinh phat tiiin xa hdi Dd dam bao tdt cac muc tieu ASXH cua dit nudc, nganh CTXH ' Diem mSu chottrong cdc host dpng cua CTXH 14 vai tr6 kh6ng thS thiSu ciia nhSn viin CTXH cfe djch vy CTXH a ket noi ngu6n lyc, thay d6i c4ch tiSp can vJ n§ lire lam vise nham dera l?i cuoc sing tSt hon cho cac doi tugng yeu the ' T6 Chile H5 trg nguiri khuydt tSt Vi?t Nam (VNAH) dang tiSn hanh hpp tic viSi mgt s6 truimg d?i hpc vi cao dSng CO nginh CTXH dua hpc phan CTXH v6i nguiri khuyit tjt vio chuang trinh dio tao Ben canh d6, ChuySn nginh ve CTXH v4i nguiri cao tuoi di dupc dua vao chirong trinh giang day li cic tmimg c6 Bui Thi Thanh Hd 65 phai dugc phat trien chuyen ngbiep hon,va hi?u qua thirc hien cac muc tieu ASXH VI mgt xa hgi dn dinh, nhan van, thinh vugng va cdng bing Tai lieu tham khao B9 Lao ^ n g , Thuong binh va Xa hgi (MOLISA), Lien Minh Chau Au 2009 HOi thao"ewdc gia Phdt triin nghi Cdng ldc xd hgi" B9 Y te - UNFPA 2013 H5i thao "Chia se kinh nghiim quoc ti ve gid hoa ddn sd" Bili Thi Xuan Mai 2010 Gido trinh Nhgp mdn Cdng tdc xd hdi Nxb Lao dpng - XS hpi IFSW 2014 Globd Definition of Social Work Xem them htq)://ifsw.org/policies/definition-of-socialwork/ (IFSW: Lien d o ^ Quflc t^ c ^ nhan vign CTXH, L\SSW: Hi^p h^i Quoc te cac khoa CTXH) ILSSA - GIZ 2013 Ph^ triln he thflng An sinh xa hgi d Viet Nam dSn nam 2020 Le Bach Duong, D$ng Nguyen Anh (chu bien) 2005 Bdo trg xa hoi cho nhung nhom thiit thdi d Viit Nam Nxb Thk gifu bpc KHXH&NV 2012 Hfli diao Chia si kmh nghiim cong tdc xd hgi vd an sinh xd hgi, Hd NOL Tnrirag D^ hpc KHXH&NV 2013 Hpi thdo quoc te "Cdng tdc xa hdi qud trinh hgi nhdp vd phdt triin cua Viit Nam", Hd NOi Unicef 2005 Nghiin cuu Ngudn Nhdn l\tc vd Nhu cdu Ddo tgo cho Phdt trien Cdng tdc Xd hdi a Viit Nam Vi^n Khoa hpc Lao dOng vd Xa hOi (ILSSA), Co quan Hop tdc Phdt trien Quflc te Cpng hoa Lifin bang Diic ^GI2^ 2011 Thudt n^ An sinh xdhgi ViitNam Vu van Phuc 2012 An sinh xd hgi a Viet Nam hudng tai 2020 Nxb Chinh tri QuOc gia ... tre em co hoan canh dac biet, ban 180.000 nguai nhiem HIV, gan 170.000 nguai nghien ma tiiy va ban 30.000 nguoi boat dgng mai dam cimg hang trieu ngudi co nhirng van de xa hgi khac can dugc ho... hoac bi anh huong bai HIV/AIDS, gdp phin dam bao ASXH cho nhung gia cd dan (CJuynh Anh, 2011) Viet Nam dang giai doan gia hda dan sd, thu nhap binh quan dau ngudi chua cao va he thdng an sinh... Dao tao da ban hanh ma dao tao nganh CTXH he thing giao due dai hgc, cao dSng va trung hgc chuyen nghiep Nam 2009 cac to churc nuac va quoc te, cac ca quan quan ly Nha nuoc d6ng thuan ky "Tuyen