Thực hiện chức năng xã hội của nhà nước Việt Nam dưới sự tác động của khủng hoảng Kinh tế.pdf

TRIET HOC, SO 11 (282), T H A N G I I - xi-^ THirC HlfN CHU'C NRNG XR HOI CUR NHR Nir6C VI€T NAM DU6l SITTRC DONG CUR KHUNG HORNG KINH l i L £ VAN THAO '*' Khiing hodng kinh tetodn cdu dang tdc dgng mgnh me de'n mgi mat cua ddi so'ng kinh texd hdi, nd dgt nhUng thdch thUe ldn dot vdi viec thiic hiin chUe ndng xd hdi cua Nhd nUdc Viit Nam hien Trin cd sd phdn tich nhiing dnh hudng cua cugc khung hodng kinh ti'todn cdu di'n viic thUc hien chUc ndng xd hgi cua nhd nUdc, tde gid hdi viii dd dUa cdc gidi phdp nhdm ndng cao hieu qud thiic hiin chitc ndng xd hgi cua Nhd nUdc ta, Id: Tdng cUdng sii lanh dgo cua Bdng Cdng sdn Viet Nam; hodn thiin hi thong chinh sdch, phdp ludt; xdy ditng tinh chuyin nghiip cua ddi ngu cdng chUc; hodn thiin cdng tdc kiem tra, gidm sdt, phong chdng tham nhiing, ldng phi; xd hgi hda cdc ngudn lUc; tang cUdng giao lUu hdp tdc qud'c ti fn^X ua trinh hdi nhap qud'e te' sau rdng IC/J tren eae linh vfle cia ddi sd'ng kinh o td' - xa hdi da lam thay ddi dien mao cia dit nfldc, dfla Viet Nara trci thinh radt mit xich quan trpng he thd'ng kinh t l the gidi, khang dinh vi the cia dan tdc ta trdn trfldng qud'e tl Ben canh do, chung ta eung dang phai ddi dien vdi nhflng tac ddng tieu cflc cia cupc khing hoang kinh t l the' gidi; vi vay, t i t ye'u can phai cd sfl can thiep cia nha nfldc nhim dam bao sfl phat trien hai hda va ben vQng eia dat nfldc 1, Chflc nang xa hoi c i a nha nfldc Do cac each tilp cdn khae nhau, nen quan dilm ve chfle nang nha nfldc ndi chung cung nhfl chfle nang xa hdi cia nha nfldc ndi rieng de'n dang ed nhilu dilm ehfla thd'ng nhat Giao sfl lurii Knjazev (Nga) cho ring, chUc ndng xd hgi eua nhd nUdc Id phuang dien hogt ddng cia nha nfldc ve kinh t l - xa hpi, thUe hien cac nhiem vu bao ve ldi ich eia toan xa hdi va tQng vien xa hdi Vdi each hilu ndy, chQc nang xa hpi cia nha nUdc bao gdm t i t ca cac hogt dgng ca bdn cia nha nUdc 82 d nude ta, dudi gdc khoa hge phdp ly, chflc nang xa hdi cia nha nfldc dflpc hieu la nhiem vu ddl ndi cia nha nfldc, "thd hien thupc tfnh xd hpi va vai trd cua nha nfldc vide tie dpng vao linh vfle xa hpi de dam bao sfl dn dinh va phat tridn xa hdi, giai quylt mdi quan he gifla ea nhan vdi cpng ddng xa hdi"(l) Tuy nhien, bdl canh todn eiu hda hien nay, sfl tfldng tae gifla cic qudc gia r i t phfle tap, vi vay se khd khan xae dinh dae trflng chQc nang xa hdi eia nha nfldc Tac gia Ld Thu Hing cho ring, chflc nang xa hdi cua nha nfldc la "phfldng dien hoat ddng cd ban cia nha nfldc t h i hien ban chit chfnh tri - xa hdi eia nha nfldc vide thfle hidn trach nhidm, nhidm vu xa hdi d cac giai doan phat trien xa hdi nhit dinh"(2) (*) Thac si, Nghign cflu sinh Tridt hpc, Hpc vi^n Khoa hpc xa h6i (1) Trfldng Dai hpc Lu^it Gido trinh Ly ludn Nhd niidc vd Phdp ludt Nxb Cong an nhSn dan Ha Npi, 2012, tr.41 • (2) Lg Thu Hang C/iifc ndng xd hgi cHa Nhd nUdc Cdng hba xd hgi chu nghm Viit Nam LuEin an tidn si, Dai hoc Luat, Ha Noi, 2003, tr.32 LE VAN THAO TU phuang dien triet hgc, Dudng Thi Thuc Anh nhan dinh: "Chflc nang xa hdi cia nha nude dflde hilu la nhflng phuang diin hogt ddng ca bdn eua nha nfldc tae ddng vao cac linh vfle hoat ddng xa hpi nhim tri vd phat triln xa hdi dfldi sfl lanh dao, quan Iy, dieu hdnh eia giai cap cam quyen"(3) Trong dd, theo Nguyin Ddng Thdng; "Chfle nang xa hdi eia nha nudc ndi ldn ring bit k^ nha nUde nao ciing phai thiic hien viec qudn ly nhiing hogt ddng chung vi sfl tdn tai eia xa hdi, phai lo tdi mdt sd' cong viee ehung cia toan xa hpi, gidi han ed thi dUde, nd phai thda man mdt s6' nhu ciu chung cia cdng ddng dan cfl nam dfldi sfl quan ly cia nha nfldc dd"(4) Cung ddng tinh vdi quan diem do, nhUng dUde didn dat theo mdt each khac, tae gia TrUdng Qud'e Chfnh viet; "ChQc ndng xa hdi cia nha nUde la thUc hien viic qudn ly va ddm nhiim mgt sd cdng viec ehung cia toan xa hpi, nhQng boat dpng ehung vi sfl tdn tai va phat trien cia ca cpng ddng; no phai ddng vai trd la ed quan cdng quyen giai quyet nhiing vin de an sinh xa hdi dl lam diu sfl xung dot giai eip, nhim lam eho xd hpi tdn tai vdng trat tfl xac dinh"(5) Nhfl vay, cho deh nay, mac du dfldi nhilu goc dp tie'p cefli va each dien dat khac nhau, nhflng nhin ehung, cd hai cdch hieu vl chfle nang xa hdi cia nha nfldc; Mdt la, cac hoat dpng cia nha nfldc viec thfle hien trach nhidm, nghia vu cua nha nfldc doi v6i ldi feh chung eia cpng ddng tren mpi linh vfle cia ddi sdng xa hdi (kinh tl, van hda, xd hdi); hai la, cac hoat ddng cia nha nfldc vi ldi feh cia cpng ddng pham vi linh vfle xd hpi, nhfl vide lam, y te, giao due, an sinh xa hoi, bao ve mdi trfldng, v.v Theo ehung tdi, vdi tfnh each mpt bd phan quan trpng eia kie'n true thfldng ting, nha nfldc chiu sfl quy dinh ca trfle tiep ian gian tiep cia ed set ting, nhit la sfl quy dinh eia quan he vl sd hflu tfl lieu san xud't Do do, tie'p can chflc ndng xa hdi cia nha nfldc dfldi gdc dp triet hpc ddi hoi chung ta cin phai xem xet va lam rd ban chd't eua nha nfldc, thay dflde cdi ngudn sau xa eia quyen lflc nha nUdc, bdi nd se Id ye'u td' quyet dinh va anh hUcfng trUc tie'p den npi dung, phUdng thQc thfle hien chflc nang nha nQdc ndi chung va chQc nang xa hdi ndi rieng Ve mat ban chat, nha nude dupe xem la "bd may cia mdt giai cip dQng de tran ap mdt giai cap khac"(6) Tuy nhien, ban than nha nUde la san pham eia sfl phat trien cia xd hdi; dd, nd mang nhQng gia tri nhit dinh, ddng vai trd quan trpng vide giai quyet nhQng cdng viec ehung ma moi ca nhan khdng the tQ giai quyet dQde Vi thd', theo chung tdi, chQc ndng cia nha nQdc la tdng the cdc hogt ddng cua nhd nUdc nhdm dam hdo dia vi thdng tri cua giai cdp ndm tU lieu sdn (3) Dfldng Thi Thuc Anh Vd'n di thUc hien chiic ndng xd hgi cua Nhd nUdc Vi&t Nam diiu kiin phdt trien kinh ti thi trUdng hiin Luan an tie'n si, Hpc vien Hanh chinh quoc gia TP Hd Chf Minh, Ha'Noi, 2012, tr.39 (4) Nguygn Dang Thong Nang cao hieu qua thUc hien ckUc ndng giai cdp vd chiic ndng xd hgi cua Nhd nUdc qud trinh xdy diing nhd nUdc phdp quyin d niidc ta hien LuSn an tidn si Triet hoc, Hpc vien Chinh tri Qudc gia Hd Chf Minh, Ha N6i, 2000, t r l (5) TrUdng QuS'c Chinh Quan diim cua Mdc, Angghen, Linin ui xdy dUng nhd nUdc xd hgi chu nghia vd viic van dung dixay dUng nhd niidc cua ddn, ddn, vi ddn d Viet Nam hiin Luan an tien si Tridt hoc, TrUcing Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hpi va Nhan v5n, Ha Npi, 2008, tr.27 (6) C M a c va Ph.Angghen Todn tap, t.22 Nxb Chfnh tri Quoc gia, Ha Npi, 2004, tr.290 83 THUC HIEN CHUC N A N G XA HQI CtJA N H A NUdC VlfiT NAM xudt chu yeu cua xd hdi, td chUc qudn ly xd hdi vd thoa mdn nkStng nhu cdu chung cua cdng dong ddn cU dgt dudi sUqudn ly cua nhd nUdc dd NhQ vdy, cd t h i thiy ring, viee phan chia chQc nang nha nQdc thdnh chflc nang giai cip (hay cdn gpi la chfle nang thd'ng tri chinh tri) vd chQc nang xa hdi la hoan toan phu hdp vdi each tie'p can ve tinh chat quyen iQc cia nha nfldc Trong dd, chfle nang xa hpi la nhitng phuang diin hogt dgng cua nhd nUdc nhdm thUc hiin viic tdchUc, qudn ly vd thoa mdn nhiing nhu cdu chung cia edng ddng dan cfl nim dfldi sfl quan ly eia nha nfldc Tuy nhien, tren thfle tl, sfl phan dinh gifla chflc nang giai cip va chflc nang xa hpi chi la tfldng ddl vd khdng h i ddn gian, nd ddi hoi phai cdn cQ vao viec nhflng phQdng dien boat ddng cia nhd nfldc cd thfle sfl vi ldi ieh cia nhan dan, cia cdng ddng hay chi VI ldi Ieh feh ky cia mdt giai cip, mpt nhdm ngfldi ndo xa hdi Cd the khang dinh, sfl ddi cia nha nfldc la radt t i t ye'u khach quan, nhim dap flng yeu eiu phat trien cia lflc lfldng san xuit xa hpi Tuy nhien, mpt nha nude se khong the ton tai nlu nd chi phuc vu ldi feh cia giai ca'p thdng tri ma khdng tinh den ldi feh cia eae giai cip, ting Idp khae xd hpi Do dd, ngoai chflc nang la cong cu tri, bao ve sfl thd'ng tri cia giai cap ddl vdi giai cip khae, nha nfldc cdn la td chfle bao dam ldi Ich chung cua xa hdi Viec thfle hien cac nhiem vu thupc chflc nang xa hpi cia nha nfldc trd phfldng tien de ldm diu sfl xung dot gifla giai cip thd'ng tri va cac giai cap, ting Idp bi tri VI dilu nay, Ph.Angghen vilt: "d khip ncii, chfle nang xa hpi la cd sd cia sfl thdng tri; va sfl thing tri 84 chfnh tri ciing keo dai ehttog nao nd cdn thi hidn chfle nang xa hdi cia n6"(7) ^ Vide thfle hidn chflc nang xa hdi cia nha nfldc t h i hidn vai trd xa hdi^ cia nha nfldc Tren tliiic te, ed nhilu van dl ma ban than cac ca nhdn khdng thd tfl giai quyet dupc, nhit la bdi canh toin ciu hda hien nay: Vin de viec Idm, nha d, giao due, y te, bao vd radi trUdng, chdng cac dich bdnh, ehd'ng khing bd', v.v Dilu ddi hdi can phai ed sii dilu ehinh cia nhd nUdc Su khac can ban viec thfle hien chflc nang xa hdi giQa nha nQdc xa hdi c h i nghia vdi cac nha nfldc bdc lot khae la d ehd, cac nha nfldc boc lot thQc hien chfle nang xa hdi khdng phai vdi tfl each raue dich ma la phfldng tien de ldm diu mau thuan, cing cl, dam bao sfl thd'ng tri chinh tri va kinh t l eia thieu sd giai cap bdc lot vdi da s i nhflng ngfldi bi ap bflc, boc lot Theo dd, viec thfle hien chflc ndng xa hdi eia cac nha nfldc hoc lot ludn hi gidi h^n pham vi chat hep va hi chi phdl bSi quan diem c i a giai ca'p bde Idt, xuit phat tQ nhiing ldi ich vl kinh te va ehfnh tri feh ky cia thidu sd' dan cU xa hdi NgUdc lai, viec thfle hidn chflc nang xa hpi cia nha nQdc xa hdi ehi nghia dfldc xac dinli Id muc dich chfl khdng phai la phUOng tiin de nha nfldc ay tri sfl thd'ng tri eia nd Trong nha nfldc xa hpi c h i nghia, nlu nhfl chfle nang giai eip dfldc xem la nhidra vu thudng xuyin, Idu ddi thi chflc ndng xa hdi lai la nhiem vu ctf hdn, quydt dinh trfle tie'p de'n sfl thing ldi hay t h i t bai eua cdng eude xay dflng ehi nghia xa hdi Do dd, cac nha nfldc xa hdi chi nghia cdng thfle (7) CMac va PhAngghen Todn tap Sdd., t.20, tr.253 Lfi VAN THAO hidn sau rdng hdn chflc nang xa hdi cia minh, cang eo nhflng can thiep manh hdn nQa vao linh vfle xa hdi Npi dung chQc ndng xa hdi cia nhd nfldc dae biet chu trpng dd'n nhQng mat, nhiing hfldng cia cac Iinh vfle xa hdi thupc chfnh sach xa hdi, nhfl bao hilm xa hdi, cflu trd xa hdi vd Qu dai xa hpi Vide thQc hien tdt chflc nang xa hdi se gdp phin ban che' bat cdng va bit binh dang xa hdi, tao mdi trUdng thudn ldi dd kfch thfch ta't ea cac vidn xa hdi hUdng de'n muc tieu cham sdc eho ngUdi, vi ngUdi Mdt chfle nang xa hpi cia nha nfldc dfldc thfle hien tdt se gdp phan on dinh chfnh tri, xa hdi, tao nhiing ddng lflc thue diy nen kinh t l phdt trien bin vflng Tuy nhien, khdng nen tuyet ddl hda chflc ndng xa hpi cia nha nfldc, bdi ne'u qua dl cao se anh hfldng xau ddh diu tfl phat trien kinh te' Dieu se khien khdng ehi eae muc tieu cia chflc ndng xa hdi khdng thfle hien dUdc, md cdn anh hudng tdi chflc nang giai ca'p Do dd, viee thfle hidn chflc ndng xa hpi cung can can cfl vao tiem lflc cia xa hdi tflng giai doan lich si, de dam bao nhan dan dflde thu hudng nhflng qua sfl phat tridn cia xa hpi mang lai nhflng khdng bien nd trd thdnh ganh nang cho xa hpi Khing hoang kinh td' toan cau va nhflng tac dong c i a nd de'n viec thfle hidn chiic nang xa hoi c i a Nha nfldc Vidt Nam TQ quan dilm kinh te, khing hoang kinh t l dfldc hidu la tinh trgng rdi loan, mdt sU cdn hdng, mdt on dinh cdc mdu thudn qud trinh sdn xudt gdy mdt khodng thdi gian nhdt dinh, de Igi hgu qud ldn vi kinh te vd xd hdi Khi ly giai nguyen nhan eia khung hoang kinh te', J.Sismondi (Thuy Si) cho rang, khing hoang kinh t l khdng phai la hidn tfldng ngiu nhien, cue bd ma diln c6 tinh chu ky Theo dng, nguyen nhan ed ban eia khiing hoang kinh t l la linh vfle phdn phdi Khi chi nghia tu ban cdng phat trien thi san xuit cang mci rdng; mat khac, tieu dung cang giam bdt "Tidu dflng khdng di" la nguyen nhan eia khing hoang kinh te' Theo C.Mae, nguyen sdu xa cia khing hoang kinh t l bit ngudn tQ chinh mau thuan cd ban eia ehi nghia tU ban Dd la mau thuan giQa trinh dp xa hpi hda eao cia iQc iQdng san xuat vdi che' dp chilra hQu tU nhan tfl ban ehi ngbia ve tfl heu san xua't chi ye'u eia xa hpi Mau thuin bieu hien cac raau thuan; Mau thuan gifla tinh cd td chQc, ed ke' hoaeh tflng xf nghiep va khuynh hfldng tfl phat, vd ehfnh phi toan xa hpi; mau thudn gifla khuynh hfldng tfch luy, md rdng khdng cd gidi ban eia tfl ban vdi sQc mua cang eo hep eia ngfldi lao dpng Cudc khing hoang kinh te' hidn dfldc ddnh gia la cudc khing hoang ldn nha't, nang n l nhit tren the' gidi hdn 60 nam qua k l tQ sau dai khing hoang kinh te' the' gidi nhQng nam 1929 1933, dflde met dau tfl khung hoang linh vfle tai chinh eia My vdi vide cac ngan hang thfldng mai cho vay mua nha "dfldi chuan" (tai san the chip cho cac khoan vay bit ddng san khdng d i dam bao tra nd) vdi mdt quy md ldn Dieu xuit phat tfl viec Cue Dfl trfl Lien bang My (FED) da lien tilp giam lai suit lien ngan hang (tfl 6,5% xudng cdn 1,75%) nhim phuc hdi nen kinh te My sau cupc suy thoai kinh te' nam 85 THUC HIEN CHtrc NANG X A HOI CUA NHA NUdC VIET NAM 2001, theo dd, ldi suit cho vay cia tin hang loat ngan hdng cac nfldc tren the dung thfl cip ciing giam xud'ng thap gidi; khing hoang eia kinh t l My da Chfnh sach ndi long tien te da kich lan sang cac qud'c gia khac, gdy cupc thich ngfldi dan vay tiln mua nhd Cdn khing hoang kinh te todn ciu hien Cudc khing hoang kinh t l toan cau cac ngan hang thfldng mai chay theo ldi nhuan da cho ngfldi dan vay mua da va dang tao nhQng thach thQc nha "dudi chuan" diy r i i ro vdi rapt quy khdng nhd viee thfle hien chflc md ldn bdi dd dUde cac cdng ty tai chinh ndng xa hdi eia nha nfldc Dieu va ngan hang dau tU, dae biet dflde t h i hien tren mot sd' phfldng dien la hai cdng ty Fanie Mae va Freddie cd ban sau; ThU nhdt, dfldi tac dpng cia cudc Mac dfldc Chinh p h i My bao trd, "cap vd'n" bing each raua lai cac khoan cho khing hoang kinh t l nhflng Id hdng, vay cia eae ngan hang thUdng mai, bat cap he thd'ng chinh sdch va bid'n ehung loai chflng tfl dfldc phap ludt eia nha nfldc bde 16 bao dam bing cac khoan vay the' chip cang rd Nhilu ndi dung cac chfnh de bin lai cho cac edng ty, cac ngan sach va phap luat, nhfl chfnh sach xda hang diu tfl ldn khac nhU Bear ddi giara ngheo, ehinh sach y tl, giao Stearms, Merrill Lynch Cac cdng ty due, ludt diu tfl, ludt dat dai, luat bao tai ehfnh, ngan hang diu tu lai hilm, luat bao ve mdi trUdng, v.v vQa phat hanh trai phidu tren ed sd cac thQa vfla thieu, ehdng cheo, ehfla phi chflng tQ cho vay the' chip de ban hdp vdi tinh hinh thfle td' cia ddi sdng cho cac ngan hdng My khac va ngan xa hpi, chdm dfldc s i a ddi, bd sung ThU hai, khing hoang kinh te' lam hang nhieu nUdc tren the' gidi lam tai san tich trfl uy tin cia cac ngan gia tang dp lflc doi v6i nhd nfldc viec quan ly xa hpi De ddl phd vdi hang phat hanh Viec "chQng khoan hda" cac khoan nhflng tac ddng tieu cflc cia cudc khing vay t h i chip da vUdt khoi sfl kilm soat hoang, nhieu y tfldng, sang kiln hay cia nha nUdc Chudi hoat ddng kinh cia eae ehi t h i xa hdi da xuit doanh mang tinh chit dau cd da lam thi hien Mae du vay, tinh trang cac chi trfldng nha dit ndng Ien, gia nha dat hi the ddl phd rapt each tieu cflc, vi pham day ldn cao, trd "bong bdng" cac quy pham phap ludt, thdm chf la "Bong bong" nd la khdng t h i tranh cac quy tae, chuan raflc dao dflc cua xa khdi(8) Cudc khing hoang thfle sfl nd hdi cang nhieu, vdi nhiing t h i vdo 7- - 2009 vdi vide hai dai doan ngdy cang tinh vi, gay thidt hai gia cho vay the' chap cia My la Fannie ldn vl tai san, anh hUctng de'n qua trinh Mae va Freddie Mac bi qud'c hQu hda tai ed ciu va phat trien kinh te - xa hdi Sau dd, lan lUdt Lehraan Brothers, ThU ba, tac ddng eia cudc khing Washington Mutual tuyen bd' pha san hoang kinh te da lim bde Id nhieu han Merill Lynch bi Bank of America mua che ve cd ciu v i td chflc eia bd may nha lai, cdn AIG phai nhan hang ehuc ty USD cflu trd tfl Chi'nh p h i My Nhfl mpt hidu Qng Ddmind, sfl sup eia (8) http://luatminhkhue.vn/pha-Ban/mot-so-phan-tichngan hdng My keo theo sQ pha san eia ve-nguyen-nhan-va-hau-qua-cua-cuoc-khung-hoangkinh-te-the-gioi-hien-nay.aspx LE VAN THAO nfldc Mac dfl da co nhieu nd lflc thfle hidn chflc nang eia nha nfldc Mot so' giai phap nang cao viec xay diing bp may nha nUde, song tinh trang ehdng cheo, edng kenh, kem hieu qua thfle hien chfle nang xa hieu qua vin la radt thach thfle 16n hoi c i a n h a nfldc Viet Nam trong viec thfle hien cac nhiem vu thupc boi canh hien Thli nhdt, tang cUdng sU lanh dgo chflc ndng xa hpi cia nha nfldc ThU tit, ehit lupng ngudn nhan lUc cua Bdng Cdng sdn Viet Nam TrUde het, ehung ta phai nang eao da cd nhieu cai thien, nhUng tren thUe te', tinh trang mdt bp phan can bp, vai trd lanh dao cia Dang vide cdng chfle yeu kem ea ve pham chit dao the ehl hda quan diem, ehi trUdng, dflc lin chuyen mdn nghiep vu, ehfla dUdng ldl ehfnh sach vd phap dap flng dfldc ydu ciu cia cdng vide luat cia Nha nudc Ddng thdi, can phat dang la mdt lflc can ldn ddl vdi viec huy vai trd tien phong, gUdng mau cua nang eao hieu qua hoat dpng eia bd eae dang vien hoat ddng bd may nha nfldc, qua ldi eud'n eae ca nhan, may nha nfldc ta hien ThU ndm, khing hoang kinh t l gay tap the bp may nhd nfldc eung nhieu kho khan cho viec tira kid'm cac nhfl nhan dan thfle hien dung mue tieu, ngudn lflc thfle hien cdc nhiem vu thudc dinh hfldng md Dang da dl Cac td chflc cd sd Dang phai neu cao tinh than chflc ndng xa hdi cia nhd nfldc Giai doan 2002 2007, Viet Nam doan kit, tu phe binh va phe binh ludn dfldc coi radt nhQng diera nhdm nang cao sQc chie'n dau va ban sang ban dd kinh td' todn eau vdi linh eia dang vien bdl canh phQc td'c dd tdng tnidng binh quan dat 7,8% tap hien Vdi vide gia nhap Td chQc ThQdng raai ThU hai, bd sung vd hodn thiin he Thi gidi (WTO) nam 2007, tde dp tang thdng chinh sdch vd phdp lugt He thd'ng chfnh sach va phap luat trfldng GDP ldn tdi gan 8,5% Tuy nhien, edn ldc khiing hoang kinh te' todn dQde xem la cdng cu khdng the thieu de cau da quet qua nfldc ta lam cho nen quan ly xa hpi, nhat la bdi canh kinh td' rcJi vao tinh trang suy giara Td'c hien Do do, cin nhanh ehdng soat dp tang trfldng GDP quay diu di xud'ng: lai toan bd hd thdng quy phara phap luat Tfl 8.46% (2007), 6.31% (2008), 5.32 % de kip thdi bd sung, cbeu chinh, kien (2009), 6.78% (2010), 5.89% (2011), quyet loai khdi he thd'ng phap ludt 5.03% (2012), dac biet thang diu nhQng npi dung khdng edn phu hdp: ndm 2013 giam xud'ng tdi 4.90% - Cin quan triet quan dilm toan dien Vdi nhiing kho khdn ehdng chit nhfl xay dflng, bd sung, chinh sia he vay, day dfldc xem la bai toan khd thdng phap luat, phai xem xet t i t ca ehiing ta phai ddng thdi thfle hien muc eae mat, cac moi lien he vdi ddl tfldng tidu khoi phue lai da tang trfldng va ma ludt dieu chinh Chi cd nhfl vay, mdi phai dam bao sfl phat triln hai hda, ben ed thi tranh dUdc tinh trang chdng cheo vflng Tuy nhien, nlu nhin phfldng gifla eae quy pham phap luat, khdng bo dien tieh cflc, ban than khing hoang sdt nhiing van dl thupc pham vi dilu kinh t l ciing Id cd hdi dl chflng ta sdng ehinh cia luat phap loe cac nhan to ylu kera can trd viec - Can cd quan dilm phat trien bd 87 THUC HlfiN CHIJC N A N G XA Hdi CIJA NHA NUdC VI^T NAM sung vd xay dflng nhflng quy pham phap ludt mdi Co nghia la ein dat ddl tQdng ma luat dilu chinh sfl van dpng, phat trien khdng ngiftig Dilu gdp phin khie phuc tinh trang ludt vfla mdi ddi da lac hau, xa rdi thfle te' cupc sd'ng - D I vide xay dflng, bd sung vd dilu ehinh he thdng ludt cin nghien cQu vd ke' thQa kinh nghiem eia cac nUdc tien tid'n tren the' gidi, dam bao sfl tfldng thfch gifla he thd'ng ludt phap eia nUdc ta vdi thdng le va phap luat qud'c te' ThU ha, xdy dUng tinh chuyen nghiep cua ddi ngU cdng chUc Dpi ngu cdng chflc dfldc xera la ye'u td' quyet dinh vide nang eao hieu qua thfle hien chflc ndng xa hdi eia Nha nUdc Vi vay, xay dflng tfnh chuyen nghiep cia dpi ngu cdng chflc dfldc xem la khau dot pha nham tao sfl chuyen bie'n nhanh va hieu qua vide xay dflng bd may nha nUdc hien nay, theo chung tdi: Cin ddi mdi cdng tae tuyen dung can bd, cdng chflc, can phai dam bao edng khai minh bach, sU binh ddng gifla cac ca nhan tham gia thi va xet tuyen, xem day la khau ed ban Chi co nhU vay, mdi sang lpe dUdc nhflng ngudi cd d i pham chat dao die, nang lUc chuyen mdn nghiep vu; bd' trf, sip xep cdng viec phu hdp vdi nang lflc chuyen mdn cia can bd cdng chQc, tao lap mdi trUdng lam viec thuan ldi va cd hpi hpc tap binh dang Cac ehl dp dai ngd phai tUdng xQng vdi ket qua dong gop cong viec cia tiing ca nhan; phai ed ke' hoach kiem tra dinh ky ve nang lflc chuydn mdn nghiep vu, lay dd ldm cd sd de danh gia can bp cdng chflc, ddng thdi kien quyet loai khoi bp may nhflng ea nhan tha hda vl dao dflc, ye'u kera ve chuyen radn; diy raanh vide tinh gian bien ehl, dam bao bd may tinh gpn va hoat dpng hidu qua , Thi^tU, hodn thien cdng tdc kiim tra, gidm sdt, phdng ehd'ng tham nhung, ldng phi Cu the: Mdt Id, chung ta cin nang cao nhdn thQc eia he thong ehfnh tri va todn dan vl nhQng nguyen nhan va tae hai ei^ tham nhung Tfl dd, xay dflng quyet tam ehinh tri eao cudc dau tranh phdng ehd'ng thara nhung kit hdp chat che vdi viec tuyen truyin, thfle hien eudc van dpng hpc tap va lara theo tim gQdng dao dflc Hd Chi Minh nhim hinh cac chuin mflc dao dflc cdng vu dung din Hai la, khic phue nhflng rdo can qua trinh thQc thi phap luat, trflde hit la phap luat vl phdng chdng tham nhung, luat phdng, ehd'ng tham nhiing phai dfldc thfle hien mot each hieu qua Ddng thdi, thfle hien ddng bd he thdng luat phap hdn quan den phdng, ehd'ng tham nhung nhU Luat Thfle hdnh tilt kiem, Luat Thanh tra, Luat Kiem toan, Quy che'dan ehi cd scf Ba la, day nhanh hdn nfla vide hoan thien va thfle hien rapt each nghiem ehinh quy che' ke khai tai san eia can bd, cdng chflc Mat khae, can cai each he thd'ng tien Ifldng, tien thudng vd dai ngo vat chat, tinh than ddi v6i can bd, cdng chflc Bd'n la, cin xdy dflng t h i chi kilm soat quyen lflc bp may cia Dang vd Nha nfldc, dam baa quyln lflc phai dfldc kiem ehd' bing ehfnh quyln Ddng thdi, diy manh hdn nfla cai each bd mdy nha nUdc nhim nang eao ndng lflc va hidu qua quan ly, han c h i de'n mQc thip nhit cd hpi lam sinh tham nhiing Cin tang cQdng va ndng cao ehit Ifldng tra, kiem tra, giam LE VAN THAO sat vd x i ly nghidm minh cac vu tham nhung, trUde hit la nhiing vu tham nhiing dang gdy bflc xuc dfl luan xa hdi hidn D I lara dfldc dieu nay, cin cd ed ehe' dam bao cac hoat dpng giam sat cua ngudi dan, cua cac td chfle dodn the va phfldng tien thdng tin dai chflng diu tranh phdng, ehd'ng tham nhiing Ben canh do, cin nang cao trinh dd hieu biet, y thfle trach nhiem va tinh thin tfl giac eua nhan ddn vide lara lanh raanh hda, sach hda ddi ngu can bd, dang vien, eung nhu ban hdnh nhflng quy dinh, ed che bao vd ngQdi dan cupc diu tranh Thi^ ndm, day mgnh xd hdi hda cdc nguon lUc cho viec thUe hien cdc nhiim uu eua chUe ndng xd hdi Trong bdi canh khd khdn nhiing tae dpng cia cudc khing hoang kinh te todn ciu gay ra, vide thfle hien chfle nang xa hpi cia nha nfldc khdng ehi chd vdo ngudn ngan sach nha nfldc, ma cdn can phat huy tdi da mpi ngudn lflc eia dat nfldc tham gia thfle hien nhidm vu ndy Dl cdng tac dat hieu qua, cin hUdng vao nhiing van dl trpng tam; Bd sung va hoan thien cac chfnh sach lien quan de'n xa hdi hda cac ngudn lflc, tao radi trUdng thuan ldi nhim thu hut cac ea nhan, td (jhfle chfnh tri, xa hpi va cac thdnh phin kinh tl Trflde hit, cin tap trung vio cac vin de eo tfnh cap thiet hien nhfl giai quylt vide lara, xda ddi giam ngheo, bao ve mdi trfldng, chdm lo cho cac gia dinh chinh sach, cho cac bp phan yeu the'trong xa hpi, tang cfldng giam sat viec s i dung cac ngudn lflc tfl xa hpi hoa, dam bao s i dung cd hieu qua, dung mue dich, dung ddl tfldng; tuyen dfldng, khen thfldng kip thdi nhiing ea nhan, tap the ed nhieu ddng gdp Thli sdu, ma rdng giao lUu hop tdc qud'c te Ben canh nhflng mat tieu cite cia cupc khing hoang kinh te' toan eiu, xu t h i hdi nhap qud'c te dang tao nhiing ca hgi viec tim kiem eae ngudn lflc tfl ben ngoai phuc vu cho muc tieu ddi mdi dat nfldc giai doan hidn Hpi nhdp qud'c td' tao mdi trUdng giao lUu, hpc hdi kinh nghiem vdi eae qud'c gia tren the' gidi, nhit la eae qud'e gia phat triln viec thiic hien cac nhiem vu thudc chflc nang xa hpi cia nha nfldc Thdng qua chfldng trinh lien ket dao tao vdi eae nudc tren thd' gidi, se gdp phin nang cao chat lfldng ngudn nhan lUc cho bp may nha nUde, s i dung CO hidu qua kinh nghiem cia cac chuyen gia, cac nha hoach dinh chfnh sach, eae nha khoa hpc, tan dung dUdc ea ba ngudn lUc: Tdi nguyen, vd'n va khoa hpc - cdng nghd Tdm lai, thfle hien tdt chflc nang xa hpi eia nha nfldc dfldc xem Id mdt nhflng tieu chf quan trpng de danh gia ve sfl tie'n bp cia nhd nfldc Day cung chinh la raue tieu ma dit nUde ta dang hudng tdi vide xay dflng Nhi nfldc phap quyln xa hdi chi nghia eia nhan dan, nhan dan, vi nhan dan Mae du, bdl canh hien nay, vide thfle hien cac nhiem vu thudc chflc ndng xa hdi cia nha nfldc dang ddl dien vdi nhieu thach thfle khing hoang kinh t l tao ra, song nguyen tdc xuyen sudt la phai kien dinh mue tieu da dat Bdi vliy, chiing ta can phat huy dfldc sflc manh cia khol dai doan kit dan tpc, biln nhflng thach thQc nhiing cd hpi, tao bQdc chuyin manh me nhim thfle hien tdt chfle nang xa hdi eua Nhd nfldc, mang lai cupc sdng am no, hanh phuc cho nhan dan Q ... cho xa hpi Khing hoang kinh td'' toan cau va nhflng tac dong c i a nd de''n viec thfle hidn chiic nang xa hoi c i a Nha nfldc Vidt Nam TQ quan dilm kinh te, khing hoang kinh t l dfldc hidu la tinh... Cudc khing hoang kinh te'' hidn dfldc ddnh gia la cudc khing hoang ldn nha''t, nang n l nhit tren the'' gidi hdn 60 nam qua k l tQ sau dai khing hoang kinh te'' the'' gidi nhQng nam 1929 1933, dflde... hang (tfl 6,5% xudng cdn 1,75%) nhim phuc hdi nen kinh te My sau cupc suy thoai kinh te'' nam 85 THUC HIEN CHtrc NANG X A HOI CUA NHA NUdC VIET NAM 2001, theo dd, ldi suit cho vay cia tin hang