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s u DUNG MANG XA HOI TRONG SINH VIEN VIET NAM TRAN THI MENH SlTC " BUI THI HONG THAI " Tdm tat: Hien nay, mang xa hpi (MXH) dang phat triln manh d Viet Nam Trong do, nhimg ngudi sir dung chii ylu la thieu nien va sinh vien Bai viet trinh bay mpt sd kit qua vl: 1/ Thuc trang su dung MXH sinh vien, 2/ Bao mat thong tin tren MXH, 3/ Nhu cdu sir dung MXH va 4/ Nhung ap luc sinh vien (SV) co thi gap phai sir dung MXH Tir sd lieu dieu tra bang bang hoi tren 4.205 sinh vien co su dung MXH d phd ldn, cac tac gia da chi ra: cac MXH sinh vien thudng diing thi Facebook dugc sir dung nhilu nhdt (chilm 86,6%), vdi thdi gian sir dung trai dai tir gid den dudi gid/ngay Sinh vien sir dung mang xa hoi chu ylu cho nhu cau tuang tac va giai tri, mac du mirc chiu ap lire tir viec su dung mang xa hoi d sinh vien chua dang bao dong, nhung sinh vien cang cd nhu cau sii dung mang xa hpi cao thi hp cang dl co nguy ca chiu ap luc tir MXH Tir khda: Mang xa hpi; sinh vien; bao mat; nhu cau; ap lire bang hdi tren 4.247 SV tir nam thir nhat Dat vdn de d Viet Nam, nhung nam gan day, cac tdi nam thir vdi tudi trung binh la mang xa hpi phat trien manh va thu hut 20,42 (trong do, nam: 1.791 ngudi mpt lugng ldn ngudi sir dung, ehu yeu la chilm 43,2% va nir la 2.359 ngudi thieu nien va sinh vien Mang xa chiem 56,8%) d phd ldn la Ha hpi tao mdt he thdng ket ndi cac Ndi, Hai Phdng, Vinh, Hue, Da Nlng va vien ciing sd thich vdi nhieu muc phd Hd Chi Minh.-Trong khuon dich khac nhau, khdng phan biet khdng khd bai bao nay, chiing tdi chi trinh bay gian va thdi gian vdi nhirng tinh nang mpt sd ket qua ve: 1/ Thuc trang su nhu ket ban, chat, e-mail, phim anh, dung MXH SV, 2/ Bao mat thong voice chat dua tren nen Internet Nghien tin tren MXH, 3/ Nhu cau sir dung MXH ciru ve MXH tai Viet Nam chua nhieu va va 4/ Nhung ap lire SV cd thi gap phai gan nhu chua co nghien cim ve MXH su dung MXH vdi SV d quy md ldn De tim hieu ve viec sir dung mang xa hdi SV Viet Nam, chung tdi da tien hanh phucmg phap dieu tra bang 50 Giao su, lien sT, Trucmg Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hpi va Nhan van, Dai hpc Qupc gia Ha Npi '"* Tien sT, Truang Dai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hpi va Nhan van, Dai hpc Quoc gia Ha Npi Sir dung mang xd hdi sinh vien Viet Nam Cac sd lieu diiu tra dugc xir Ii va phan tich bang phdn mim SPSS 16.0 Ddi vdi phan thuc trang sii dung va van dl bao mat thong tin tren MXH eua SV, phucmg phap xir Ii sd lieu tSp trung vao cac phep toan thdng ke md ta (tinh diem trung binh, chi sd phan tram ciia cac phuong an lira chpn va tuang quan cheo) Chiing tdi sii dung phan tich thdng ke suy luan (phan tich tuang quan nhj bien) xem xet sd lieu ve nhu cau va ap lire sir dung mang xa hdi Q phan nay, chiing tdi sir dung thang Likert bac Diem trung binh cua cac item hoac eac bien cho thay cd tuong quan thuan gitta cae nhu cau su dung MXH hoac cac ap lire sir dung MXH so sanh vdi Nghien ciru dung phep phan tich nhan td cho hai thang nham tim cac nhdm nhu cau va cac nhdm ap lire Dua vao diem tmng binh ehung va dp lech chuan chung ciia toan thang do, chiing tdi xac djnh dugc muc xep hang la thap, trung binh va cao phan tich cac nhdm nhu cau va cac nhdm ap lire ddi vdi viee sir dung MXH SV Thirc trang sir dung mang xa hoi sinh vien Ket qua dieu tra muc dp sii dung MXH SV cho thay tdng sd 4.247 SV dugc khao sat, cd din 4.205 SV (chilm 99%) cd su dung MXH Nhu vay, viec su dung MXH SV hien la phd biln Vay MXH nao dugc SV su dung nhieu nhat? Bieu 1: Cac mang xa hpi du'ffc sinh vien sir dung (%) Yume > o.e 1,2 1,5 •2,2 - 3,3 - 3,3 Go.vn — 3,6 Prinlcrcsl Fricndfecd Linkedin MySpjco Tamlav-uii Bloespol Twitlor TruongxLia.vn Clip.vn Opera Yahoo 360 ZingMc 'Google* Youtubc Facobook — 3,6 ^— 6,2 •— 7,6 Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hdi Viet Nam, sd 8(81) -2014 Bieu dd cho thay Facebopk hien chu dl da dang nhu lich su, ngoai ngu dang la MXH dupe ua dung nhat trpng hay cae ky nang sdng, each lira chon SV - chilm 86,6% Khdng chi dugc ua trang phuc, kieu tdc v.v Google+ xIp hang d vi tri thu diing d Viet Nam ma tren toan the gidi, Facebook dang dugc xep thii nhat sd cac MXH dugc SV Viet Nam ua sd 11 MXH ldn'" Do Facebook cd tinh dung vdi ti le 56,2% Cac SV Viet Nam, tuong tac cao, kho luu trtt ung dung ldn, yeu cdu cua boat ddng hpc tap, nen da ngdn ngtt va phat trien sdm tren edn phai lap thu dien tir (gmail) de lien mang di ddng nen mure dp sii dung ciia lac vdi giang vien, eac vien Facebook ddi vdi SV la rat cao Sir ua cac nhdm hpc tap, ban be v.v Tai khoan chudng MXH SV dugc chiing Google ciia ho dugc mac djnh la mdt tai tdi ghi nhan qua y kien ciia mdt ngudi khoan cua MXH Gppgle+, ca sir dung MXH cd ten Heliter: "Q Viet hp khdng bao gid dang nhap vao nd.'" Nam, mpi ngudi diing deu diing Facebook Xem xet nhirng khd khan thudng gap Cdn d nude ngoai thi ngudi ta diing phdi sir dung MXH, ket qua khao sat Facebook, Twitter, Google+ va mpt sd cho thdy: chi ed 24,5%i SV cho rdng ho MXH khac Neu nhu ban cd nhieu ban cd gap khd khan sur dung IVIXH be diing Facebook thi tdt nhat la nen Trong dd, hai khd khan ldn nhat ma SV dang ky Facebook Vi da sd dan Viet gap phai la sir hgn che ve ngogi ngii Nam deu dimg Facebook, sd ngudi ding (chiem 39,6%)) va khdng ndm vimg chiic Twitter rdt it"''' ndng cua MXH (chilm 22,2%) Ngoai Xep d vi tri thu hai nghien cuu ra, nhttng khd khan khac cung dupe sinh la Youtube, vdi 60% SV su dung vien nhac tdi, dd la: sir dung MXH chua Theo y kien eiia nhieu SV, Youtube ed thudn thuc (chiem 16,l%o) va SV cam uu diem la tinh tien dung viec chia thdy lung tiing truac mdt luang thdng se cac video true tuyen vdi nhung hinh tin ldn tren mgng (chiem 13,8%) Mpt anh, am va chuyen ddng cua npi sd can trd nhd khac (trong tdng sd 9,9%) dung cac video tao tac dpng true quan dugc SV neu ve phia khach quan nhu tdi mat cam xuc cua ngudi dung mgng yeu, mgng bi chgn va khd khan Youtube cd kha nang chira dung sd chil quan la thieu thai gian vd khdng lupng video ldn vdi day dii cac chuang trinh truyen hinh, video va phim anh chinh cac vien chia se Vi vay, ''' http://kenhl4.vn/2-tek/11-website-khung-nhatnhitng SV tham gia cpng ddng mang the-gioi-20130207114344885.chn, 11 website khdng chi giai tri bang cac bd phim, "khung" nhat Ihe gidi, truy cap 07/02/2013 ''' http://vn.answers.yahoo.com/question/index? bai hat ma cdn c6 the hpc hoi duac eac qid=20130916210120AAs5O6Y 52 Sir dung mgng xa hoi sinh vien Viet Nam idm chu duac thai gian de vdo MXH Nghien cuu cung de cap den Ichia canh thai gian SV ddnh moi ngdy de truy cap MXH Ket qua ve thai gian su dung MXH cua SV duac trinh bay a bieu Bieu 2: So gio* s^ dung mang xa hoi (%) BDuoil h:2,9% • Tu'lh-dLToiSh: 43,5% Til' 3h - du'oi 5h31.5% B T u - h - du-cri 8h: 14.9% Bi6u cho thay ti le SV thuang su dung MXH tu gio din duai gia/ngay la cao nhit {chiim 43,5%), va tir gia den duoi gia/ngay (chiem 31,5%) Dang luu y la: co 7,2% SV cho biet hp thuang bo tren gia/ngay di vao MXH Luong thai gian la dang bao dong vh, mpt nhung dau hieu cho thay nguy ca nghien MXH SV Theo nghien cuu cua Tiffany A va cpng su (2009), SV dai hpc Hoa Ky su dung Facebook trung binh tu 10 den 30 phut m6i ngay*^' Trong nghien cuu cua chung toi, ket qua cho thay co den tren 50% SV su dung MXH nhiiu han gia mfii Khi cac nhu cau cua giai tre khong duac dap ung mot each toan dien thi viec ng6i nhiiu thofi gian tren MXH di hp hpc tap, tan giu, giai tri, tim cam giac manh thong qua cac tro chai dien tu la diiu da hiiu Mac du vay, hieu qua cua viec dap ung cac nhu cau da chiem nhieu thai gian tu mpt moi truang ao dang gay nhieu on ao, ban tan la dieu dang de quan tam nghien cuu Xem xet so luang ban be tren MXH, chung toi da dua vao "con so Dunbar"''" '"^' TifFaiiy A Peinpek, Yevdokiya A Yermolayeva, Sandra L Calvert (2009), "College students' social networking experiences on Facebook", Joitrnai of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30,227-238 '•" S6 Dunbar la mot giai lian ve s6 lirgng ngu-cfi ma mot ca nhan co the tri cac moi quan he xa hoi on dinh Day la nhCrng moi quan he mot ca nhan biet ngiroi moi nguai la nhir the nao va moi ngiriri lien quan den tat ca moi ngwoi khac Con so lan dau tien dugc de xuSt boi nha nhan chiing hpc nguoi Anh Robin Dunbar (1992), ngwoi da tim thay mpt moi tiroTig quan giiJa kich thuoc nao dong vat linh truang va kich thiroc nhom xa hoi trung binh Dira vao kich thuoc bp nao trung binh cua nguai va ngoai suy tir ket qua nghien ciru tren cac loai linh truang, ong de xuat rang ngiroi chi CO thi thoai mai tri m6i quan he on dinh mirc 150 nguai 53 Tgp chi Khoo hgc xa hdi Viet Nam, sd 8(81) -2014 de phan chia cac khoang sd lugng ban be ma mgt SV tri tren trang ca nhan cua minh Theo dd cd cac muc: dudi 150 ban (miic ttung binh); tir 150 den dudi 300 ban (kha nhieu ban); tir 300 ddn dudi 500 ban (nhieu ban); tren 500 ban (qua nhieu ban) Ket qua nghien cuu cho thay: mirc dudi 150 ban chiem 35,4%, tiep dd muc tren 500 ban chiem 23,6%, mirc tir 150 ban ddn dudi 300 ban chiem 23% va tir 300 ban den dudi 500 ban chiem 18% Theo sd Dunbar, da phan SV dugc nghien cim tri lugng ban d muc thdng thudng (150 ban), gidng nhu sd lugng mdi quan he ly tudng ed the tri ddi thuc Tuy nhien, cd mot ti le kha ldn SV tri mirc b£in len tdi tren 500 ban O mdc tren 500 ban, cd SV thdng bao ed den 3.000 ban, tham chi 5.000 ban Kdt qua cho thay, mdt bp phan ldn SV xay dung mang ludi quan he the gidi "ao" cd su gan ket vdi the gidi "thuc" thi mdt bd phan khac dudng nhu mudn "phdng dai" cac quan he the gidi "ao" Thuc te vdi sd lugng ban tren MXH ddng den tren 500 ban va tham chi len den vai nghin ban thi chi cd the tdn tai dang ban vdi sd lan hp "like" cho ma thdi Trong dd, mpt nghien ciru (dugc dan tir Psychology Today) da chi sd lugng ban be ly tudng tren Facebook la 302 - sd dii de ngudi diing khdng cam thay ed don hay 54 qua le thudc vao ngudi khac''' Tun hidu mdi quan he giiia giai tinh cuaSVvd so luang ban tren MXH ciia hp, kiem dinh Chi-square cho thay cd tdn t^ moi quan he cd y nghia giOa hai biSn so vdi gia tri X^,3, = 49.467, p < 0.001 Kdt qua cu the cho thdy hau nhu nir SV co so lugng ban t e n mang nhieu hon so vdi nam SV Tuy nhien d mirc ilea 500 b?n, nam SV lai ed sd ban ldn hon nCt SV."' Xem xet sd luang ban SV thudng xuyen trao ddi tren MXH, ket qua ghi nhan ring: 46,3% SV thudng xuyen trao ddi vdi dudi 25 ban, 32% SV thudng xuyen trao ddi vdi tir 25 ban den duai 100 ban va 21,7% SV thudng xuyen ttao ddi vdi tren 100 ban tren MXH Cd moi lien he cd y nghia gitta sd ban SV cd va sd ban hp thudng xuyen trao ddi tren MXH vdi gia tri X^ie, = 1.244.908, p < 0.001 Theo do, nhiJng SV cd dudi 150 ban tap trung nhieu nhat d nhdm thudng xuyen lien lac vdi dudi 25 ban cdn nhirng SV cd tren 500 ban lai tap trung ddng nhat d nhdm thudng xuyen trao ddi vdi tren 100 ban Ket qua cho thay xu hudng cang cd nhieu ban tren MXH, SV cang thudng xuyen trao doi vdi nhieu ban be hon " Uyen Huynh (Dich tir Psychology Today), Co qua nili^u ban tren Facebook? Bao nhifiu la dii? littp://vielpsy.com/2013/06/09/qua-nhieuban-be-tren-facebook/, Truy cap 23 thang nam 2013 Sir dyng mgng xa hdi sinh vien Vi^l Nam Bao mat thdng tin ca nhan tren thuang gin lien vai su rieng tu ciia ca mang xa boi cua sinh vien nhan va no rat khac giua ca nhan Theo Boyd Danah (2007), bao mat vai ca nhan khac Nhihig thong tin thong tin tren MXH duac hieu la mpt rieng tu duac gioi han nhiing ca nhan c6 nhung thong tin quan each thuc, ky thuat bao mat cua ca ma nguai khac khong the biet, thong tin nhan Trong phan nay, chiing toi tim CO thi la nhung thong tin ca nhan hieu SV bao ve thong tin rieng tu ciia nhu ten, dia chi lien lac, chiing minh minh tren mang xa hpi nhu the nao? thu hoac nh&ng thong tin khac neu ca Dong thai lam ro nhan thiic cua SV ve nhan cho la nhiJng thong tin rieng nhOng thong tin ma theo hp can phai tu**"* Bao mat thong tin tren MXH bao mat Bieu 3: Cach thirc bao ve thong tin cua sinh vien (%) 35,90% 34,50% B C.inli Kliona Denial ": Hnii " Kliong iliac 101 ttu.1 tlioiia khitti Klioniili die lien Thiunici Inn cip nhunelu) tnneca la.kitii viiiia ketioi xuyen uuinanoi nliiln.loi nliaii tcliunlio iilioiulian nlueuMi tli.i> ttoi cona (tula be l;liomi iiL-itkEinu cona kh.ic Sd lieu khao sat cho thay cd den 81,8% SV cho rang minh da bao mat thdng tin cua minh tren MXH, chi ed 18,2% SV khdng quan tam den chuyen Tuy nhien, each thirc hp bao mat thdng tin ciia minh thd hien nhu the nao la iihu dang dugc lam rd Trong each thOfc bio mat ma nghien citu dua ra, bieu cho thay: SV thudng su dung nhilu hon ca la each thuc "Cdnh giac vdi nhimg tin nhdn, loi du Id^ (chiem I" Danah Boyd (2007), "Why Youth (Heart) Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked Publics in Teenage Social Life." MacArlhur Foundation Series on Digital Learning - Youth, Identity, and Digital Media Volume (ed David Buckingham) Cambridge, MA: Mil Press, http://www.danah.org/papeis/WhyYouthHeait.pdf 55 Tap chi Khoa hoc xa hdi Viet Nam, sd 8(81) - 2014 41,7%), "Khdng dua thdng tin ve cd nhdn" (chiem 35,9%) va "De mat khdu, ki tir la khd nhd" (chiem 34,5%) Trong dd, nhimg each thuc ma SV it siir dung nhat cd lien quan den viec "Thudng xuyen thay ddi mat khdu" (chiem 15,8%)) va "Khdng truy cap mgng noi cdng cdng" (chiem 7,8%) Ket qua xac dinh mirc bao mat thdng tin ca nhan tren MXH theo hinh thirc (bieu dd 3) cho thay: tdng sd 3.432 SV (chidm 81,8%) cd bao mat thdng tin, cd 73,2% SV gitt bi mat thdng tin ca nhan dat d muc dp thap (chi cd tu den each thuc bao mat), SV bao mat thdng tin d muc trung binh chiem 23,6% (cd tu den each thuc bao mat) va sd SV bao mat thdng tin d mirc dp cao chi chiem 3,2% (cd tu den each thuc bao mat) Ket qua cho thay SV Viet Nam nghien ciru cdn kha chd quan chia se cae thdng tin eiia minh tren mang Day chinh la nguy co cua sir bat nat, lua gat, quay rdi tinh due, v.v tren MXH Thuc te la, mdt ngudi chia se thdng tin ca nhan len MXH thi ciing cd nghia ngudi dd dang chia se thdng tin vdi mpi ngudi tren the gidi Nhung thdng tin rieng tu va nhay cam se cd nguy eg trd nhttng phien phirc sau Vi vay, bao mat thdng tin la thuc su can thiet ddi vdi sinh vien su: dung MXH Xem xet quan diem cita SV ve nhirng 56 ndi dung thdng tin khdng nen ddng tdi tren MXH, kdt qua nhu sau: vd chinh tri chidm 40,6%, vi cdc mdi quan he ca nhdn chidm 39,9%, \'t tdn giao chijm 29%) vd ki hogch du dinh cd nhdn chiSm 24%, vd Tinh yeu chiSm 17,3% va gia dinh chiem 7,1%), ve cdng viec/hgc lap chidm 11,8% va hogt ddng gidi tri chidm 5,9% Nhu vay, cd the thSy, SV nghien ciifu dudng nhu than trpng vdi nhung chia se thj hien quan diem, niem tin ca nhan nhieu hon la nhttng chia se lien quan din cac hoat ddng thudng nhat eua minh Nhu cau sir dung mang xa hoi ciia sinh vien Nghien cuu viee su dung MXH ciia bat cu nhdm ngudi nao, cae tac gia tren the gidi deu tap trung xac dinh nhiJng nhu cau cua ngudi su dung tham gia vao MXH Kiem dinh tin cay cua toan thang ve nhu cau sir dung MXH ciia SV cho ket qua a Cronbach ^ 0,826 (cho thay thang cd dp tin eay dam bao) Sau tien hanh phan tich nhan to de cau true lai sd lieu dinh lugng ciia thang tu 20 nhu cau bang phuang phap Varimax, chung tdi thu dugc nhdm nhu cau ve su dung MXH (giai thich 54,074%) sir biln thien ciia biln) c6 ten tuong img vdi cac ndi dung nhu sau: 1/ Nhdm nhu cdu chia se (a = 0,702), bao gdm cac ndi dung lien quan den: bay td cam xiic, y kien; tham dd, hdi dap Sir dung mgng xa hdi sinh vien Viet Nam thac mac; giii qua tang, lai chiic; chia se hoat dpng thu hiit lien quan den quang cao kho khan tam ly; dang tai hinh anh, 5/ Nhom nhu cdu tuang tdc (a ^ video, mp3 va viet nhat ki, ghi chti 0,616), gom: giao luu, ket ban; tim kiem 2/ Nhom nhu cdu the hien bdn thdn nguai than, ban be va chat, giii tin nhan Gia trj trung binh ciia tirng nhom nhu vd tim kiem viec ldm (a ^ 0,685), bao gom: quang cao san pham; tham gia cau duac trinh bay a bieu 4, cho cupc thi tren mang; chat sex, chup hinh thay: su dung MXH, SV co nhu cdu tucrng tdc (DTB = 2,22) va nhu cdu gidi nude; va tim kiem viec lam 3/ Nhom nhu cdu gidi tri (a - 0,617), tri (DTB = 1,90) miic cao; nhom nhu gom: nghe nhac, xem phim; chai game; cdu chia se nam miic binh thuang cap nhat thong tin, su that xay {DTB ^ 1,64) Trong do, nhom nliu cdu kinh doanh (DTB ^ 0,7) va nhu cdu xa hpi va dpc truyen the hien bdn thdn, tim kiem viec ldm 4/ Nhdm nhu cdu kinh doanh (a 0,766), gom: mua hang; ban bang va cac (DTB = 0,67) nam a miic thap Bi^u dd 4: Diem trung binh cac nhom nhu cau sir dung mang xa hoi Miic bmh UiLfcrng (trung binh) Mu'clhap Nhu cau tuong tac • N'luiauiBMi tli Nluiauicliu sc 0.67 Nhucaukinh Nhucoulhc doonh hien ban thon vatim kiem vice I j m Xet v^ dac didm hoat dpng cua SV, viec phat tri^n cac dac diem tam ly ngoai vi?c hpc tap thi phat trian, gin giir cac mdi quan he xa hpi cung !a hoat dpng chii dgo va co y nghTa quan trpng ca nhan Do vay, viec cac SV su dung nhi^u nhk MXH nhu cong cu dS tro chuyen, tuang tac vai nguai khac la Tgp chi Khoa hgc xd hdi Viet Nam, so 8(81) - 2014 dieu de nhan thay Ngoai muc dieh giao tiep, ket ndi vdi ban be, SV cung la nhimg ngudi cd nhu cau giai tri cao nhirng mdi ban tam ve gia dinh, cdng viec cdn chua chiem nhieu tam tri va thdi gian cua hg Nhin chung, hau het cac MXH deu dugc khen nggi vi tinh nang cung cap ngudn giai tri cho ngudi su dung nhu nghe nhac, xem phim, chai game true tuyen Chi cin mpt chiec may tinh hay dien thoai di ddng cd ket ndi internet, cac SV de dang xem phim, nghe nhac, doc truyen, choi game, v.v bat cir thdi gian va dja diem nao Cd le day la Ii khien viec thirc hien nhu cau giai tri cung nam muc dp cao nghien cuu Nhdm nhu cau kinh doanh va nhu cau the hien ban than, tim kiem viec lam nam d^muc thap cho thay viec kinh doanh qua MXH khdng phai la mdi ban tam cua SV Ben canh dd, 80%> SV nghien cira dang hgc dai hpc nam thu I, thu II va thu III dai hpc, nen cd thi hp chua bj ap luc ve cdng viec tuong lai nen viec tim kiem cdng viee tren MXH chua phai la nhu cau cao eua hp Ap lyc tir sir dung m^ng xa hoi doi vol sinh vien Kiem dinh thang ap lire cua viec su dung MXH len tam Ii ngudi siir dung cho thay he sd a rdt dang tin eay (a = 0,894) Phan tich nhan td tu 18 ndi dung 58 vl ap lire gay ddi vdi ngudi xu dpg mang xa hdi cho phep xac djnh nhom ap lire (giai thich 62,158% su bien thien ciia biln) cd ten tuong ting vdi cac noi dung hrong timg nhdm nhu sau: 1/ Ap luc ve cdm xiic (a = 0,833) voi dilm ttung binh la 1,17, bao gdm noi dung vl su khdng thoai mai, su b6n chdn, cam giac cupc sdng vd vi, cam giac mat mat, met mdi va khdng till cudng lai khdng sir dung MXH 2/ Ap lire ve thdi gian (a = 0,803) voi diem trung binh la 1,27, vdi ndi dung nhu; thdi gian danh cho MXH cang nhieu hon, tang len lien tuc, thoi gian nhieu hgn so vdi du djnh va so vai trudc day 3/ Ap luc tdi hogt ddng sdng (a = 0,799) ed dilm trung binh la 1,27, vdi ndi dung ndi ve viec diing MXH nhieu anh hudng tieu cue den viec hoc tap, sue khoe suy giam, giao tiep vdi ban be bj it di va cac hoat ddng giai tri khac bj giam xut 4/ Ap lire Idi kha ndng ldm chti ban thdn (a = 0,718) vdi dilm trung binh la 1,13, bao gdm npi dung, nhu: ca nhan khdng the kilrh chi mong muon vao MXH, ca nhan khdng cdng cd giam bdt thdi gian vao MXH va viec khdng giai thoat dugc noi am anh ludn thudng true dSu lien quan din MXH Sir dung mgng xa hgi sinh vien Viet Nam Bieu 5: Diem trung binh cac nhom ap lire su dung m^ng xa hpi 2,37 1.27 0,63 1,27 1,17 (Tru igbi i h ) 0,05 Apli/cve m i l thai Ap lyc tffi hogt ADII/C voni5l com A p i y c t a i k h i sun dpng s6ng xirc nang lam chu bdnthan Ket qua bieu cho thay: SV su dung MXH nghien ciiu chiu nhiing ap luc bai MXH a miic binh thuang Noi each khac, diem trung binh cua cac nhom ap luc (tu 1,13 den 1,27) chua phai la miic dang lo ngai ve anh huong tieu cue ciia MXH len SV - nhiing nguai dang sii dung MXH hang Xem xet mdi tuong quan gitra cac nhom ap lire doi vai viec su dung MXH (hinh 1), ket qua cho thay co moi tuang quan thuan a miic tuang doi manh giiia nhu cau sii dung MXH va ap luc tir MXH (vai cac gia tri: r = 0,313 va p < 0,001) Hinh 1: Tuang quan giua cac nhom ap lyc su dung mang xa hoi Ap I^rc t6i hoat dgng s6ng Ap lire ve mat thai gian Ap l^rc tai kha n9ng lam chu ban than Ap lyc ve mat cam xuc (***p < 0,001) 59 Tap chi Khoa hgc xd hdi Viet Nam, so 8(81) -2014 Nhu vay, SV cd nhu cau sir dung MXH cang cao thi hp cang cd nguy eg chiu ap lire tir viee su dung MXH Kit qua ggi y ve vai trd cua nhu cau sir dung MXH ddi vdi nguy eg chju ap lire tir MXH ciia ngudi sir dung Mat khac sinh vien sir dung MXH cd nguy eg chju ap lire d bat cir khia canh nao sd nhdm ap luc thi ho cung ed nguy CO bj nhung ap lire cdn lai Vi du, mdt sinh vien bj ap lire ve thdi gian cung se cd xu hudng ddng thdi chju ap luc ve mat cam xuc (r = 0,60***), ap lire tdi cac boat ddng sdng (r = 0,495***) va ap luc tdi kha nang lam chii ban than (r = 0,431***) sir dung MXH Ket luan SV la nhung ngudi tre, nang dpng nen viec hp su dung MXH la diiu tit yeu Khdng the phii nhan nhirng lgi ich ciia MXH giup sinh vien tang cudng cac mdi quan he, tang cudng tri thirc hieu biet, cung cap ngudn giai tri ldn cho ngudi sit dung Mae dii vay, vdi nhirng ket qua trinh bay d tren, chung tdi cho rang can cd su djnh hudng cho SV viec sir dung MXH lien quan den thdi gian, muc dich su dung, ciing nhu nhirng each thirc bao ve ban than tham gia vao cdng ddng mang Viec SV (trong nghien cira nay) da sir dung MXH cho nhirng mdi tuong tac xa hpi va giai tri ca nhan vugt muc cho phep (mirc chuan) Dieu dat nhimg cau hdi cho cac nghien ciru tilp theo: Phai Chang SV hien cd xu hudng chu trpng den viec tri cac mdi quan he ciia ban than thdng qua MXH hon la bang dudng giao tiep true tiep ngoai ddi thuc? Nhimg tuong tac tren MXH cd giiip SV giam bdt sir cang thjng tir viec bj choi bd hay that bai nhihig mdi quan he the gidi thyc? Lieu co phai nhimg san choi phuc vu cho viec giai tri, thu gian ciia SV cdn qua it nen hg tim den MXH de hien thuc hda nhu cau ciia ban than? Tai lieu lliam khao Tiffany A Pempek Yevdokiya A Yennolayeva, Sandra L Calvert (2009), "College students' social networking experiences on Facebook", Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30,227-238 Danali Boyd (2007), "Why Youth (Heart) Social Network Sites: The Role of Networked Publics in Teenage Social Life", MacArlhur Foundation Series on Digital Learning - Ymlh, Identity, and Digital Media Volume (ed David Buckingham), Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, http://www.danah.org/papers/WhyYoutiiHeart.pdf Uyen Huynh (Dich tir Psychology Today), Co qua nhieu ban tren Facebook? Bao nhieu la du? hnp://vietpsy.com/20l 3/06/09/qua-nhieu- ban-be-tren-facebook/, Truy cap 23 thang nam 2013 http://kenhl4.vn/2-tek/l I-website-khungnhat-tlie-gioi-20130207ll4344885.chn, II website "khilng" nhat the gidi, Truy c$p 07 thang 02 nam 2013 http://vn.answers.yahoo.com/question/ind ex?qid=20130916210l20AAs5G6V hllp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar's_ number ... littp://vielpsy.com/2013/06/09/qua-nhieuban-be-tren-facebook/, Truy cap 23 thang nam 2013 Sir dyng mgng xa hdi sinh vien Vi^l Nam Bao mat thdng tin ca nhan tren thuang gin lien vai su rieng tu ciia ca mang xa boi cua sinh vien nhan va no rat khac... thu diing d Viet Nam ma tren toan the gidi, Facebook dang dugc xep thii nhat sd cac MXH dugc SV Viet Nam ua sd 11 MXH ldn''" Do Facebook cd tinh dung vdi ti le 56,2% Cac SV Viet Nam, tuong tac cao,... IVIXH be diing Facebook thi tdt nhat la nen Trong dd, hai khd khan ldn nhat ma SV dang ky Facebook Vi da sd dan Viet gap phai la sir hgn che ve ngogi ngii Nam deu dimg Facebook, sd ngudi ding (chiem
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