ovy/ r I • 9{£tiim ahi - Trao ioi H DANH GIA CUA MOT SO CO QUAN NGHIEN CLfU NLfdC NGOAI VE THL/C TRANG GIAO DUC VIET NAM SAU 30 NAM DOI M | Ths NGO THI H U Y E W ''•'^i.vi's B a mfldi nam ddi mdt (1986 - 2016) la '"•y-rri giai dogn Ijch sfl quan trpng sg "h a" "L:.; nghifp phat triln cOa Vift Nam Trong •c Ucafcr bdi canh dd, n l n giao dye Viet Nam da ed nhilu thay ddl, phat trien d ve quy md va chit IUdng, gdp phln quan trpng vao viee ndng cao ddn trf, dao tao nhan lge, bdi dudng nhdn tai, phyc vg dac lgc cho cdng cudc ddl mdi da't nUdc Tuy nhien, d i n nay, nen giao dgc nfldc ta dd va dang bde Id nhieu hgn che, bat cap NhQng hgn ehe' lam eho chit Ifldng ngudn nhan lgc Vifit Nam dang mat dan kha nang cgnh tranh tren thi trUdng lao dfing the gidi Vi vfy, mpt nhflng O i l 3-".!••= nhifm vg quan trpng de nang cao chat Iflpng ngudn nhan lgc d nUde ta la ddi mdi can ban va toan difn nen giao dye theo hudng ehuan hda, hifn dgi hda, dan ehu hda, xa hdi hda va hdi nhfp qudc t l De thyc hien doi mdi cdn ban vd toan dien, d n danh gia mdt each khach quan va toan dien nen giao dye Vift Nam hifn nay, Trong dd can chfl y de'n !••' i:.'i ,,; •'' '•• NCS trfldng Dgi hpc Khoa hpc xa hdi va Nhan van, Dgi hpc Qudc gia Tp, Ho Chf Minh "' ChUdng trinh Phat trien Lien hiep qudc (UNDP), Bio cao Phat trien ngudi nam 2011,tr.14 , Khoa hoc chfnh tri - So 6/2016 nhflng danh gia cfla mdt sd cd quan nghien cflu nude ngoai cd uy tfn nham tim nguyen nhan va xac dinh giai phap trpng yeu de thflc hifin cdng chinh sach doi mdi glao due - dao tao d Viet Nam Thgc trgng giao dgc - dao tgo cua Vift Nam sau 30 nam doi mdi qua danh gia cua mpt so' cd quan nUdc ngoai Vdi xu the iUdng va danh gia so sanh giao dye hien nay, thflc trang giao due cfla mdl qudc gia se dfldc danh gia dfla tren mdt phfldng dien nao dd va xep hgng theo cac chl sd khac Vi dy, danh gia dya tren ke't qua eua Chl sd phat trien ngudi (HDI), Chl sd kinh te tri thfle (KEi), Chf sd phat trien giao dye eho mpi ngfldi (EDI) va Chl sd nang iUc cgnh tranh toan cau (GCi),,, Ket qua danh gia nen giao dye Viet Nam theo Chl sd HDI cfla Bao cao qudc gia ve phat trien ngfldi nam 2011 cho thay: "Ddng gdp eua chl sd giao dye vao tang trudng chung cfla Chi sd HDI da giam dan tfl 25,9% giai dogn 1992-1996 xudng cdn 5,1% giai doan 2004 - 2008, Gan day, nhflng tien bd ve chl sd thu nhap v l n dflpc tri thi tdc dp tang eua chi sd giao dye va chi sd tudi thp da chgm iai"''' "Tang trydng v l chf sd giao dye cua lAigniencuu- 'iraosm V i f t Nam dfldng nhU da e h f m Igi thdp gid qua m d t s d c h u y f i n d l nghifin eflu nU6c ky qua, dgc b i f t giai dogn 2004 - 2008 n g o l i Ke't q u d c f l a cac danh gia cho Day la van de d n dUpe quan tam t i m thay thyc trgng c f l a tflng bgc hpc va trinh dfl quan trpng cfla giao dye phat t r i l n eon dao tao c f l a n l n giao dye Viet Nam nhfl sau: ngfldi va giao dye da dflde k h l n g djnh la - Ve giao dpc phd mdt nhQng flu tien phat tnen K l Nghien cflu g a n d d y eua Ngan hang Th^ thdng hogch phat t r i l n kinh te - xa h f i 2011 - 2015 gidi (V^iB) phdi h d p v d i C d quan Hdp t a c p h ^ va C h i l n Ifldc p h a t t r i e n kinh t e - x a hdi 2011 t r i l n Bi v a Vy Phat t r i l n kinh te Anh (DFID) - 2020"'^' s y e h f m Igl quy md giao dye ehi r i n g : " V i f t N a m c d nhQng kfi't qua In la mdt d i l m y e u , c l n dupe danh gia va xem tflpng phat t r i l n giao dye phd thong, xdt mdt each th^'u dao trfldc yfiu c l u phat neu so sanh vdi nhQng nudc c d thu n h f p binh trien ngudn nhfin lgc qudn dau ngudi tfldng dfldng"***, c a c k i t qua Ngudn nhan lyc, vdi t u each la san dfldc p h a n d n h qua s y tang Ifin dang k^ p h l m cfla giao dye, dang cd nguy cd trd eua ti I f n h f p hpc, ti If d i n trfldng, ti If hoan thdnh " d i l m nghen" phat t r i l n kinh thdnh d p hpc e u n g n h u qua k i t qua cac bai te - xa hdi Dd Id dieu dang lo nggi va da dupe t r i e n g h i f m tren d i f n rfing nham danh dupe Bao eao Nang lgc cgnh tranh toan d u gia chat lupng giao d y e d n h bao tfl nhieu nam Theo cac bao Tuy nhifin, Viet N a m dang phai ddi dien cao nay, chat lupng dao tgo ngudn nhan lgc vdi m d t s d t h a c h thflc, d d la "tinh trgng mai cdn n h i l u bat cap, la mdt 05 van de can bang xa hdi v d n tiep difin, giOa cac nhom dang lo nggi nhat phat trien kinh t l d d a n c u c d thu n h g p khac nhau, giQa thj nudc ta Trong Bao cao Nang lgc cgnh tranh va ndng thdn c u n g nhU gifla ngudi Kinh vdi toan c l u 2010 - 1 , Difin dan Kinh te t h l ngUdi ddn tdc thieu s d , x e t theo ti If nhap gidi (WEF) da l i f t ke nhOng y e u td gay can hpc, tl I f d i n Idp v d tl If hoan cap trd n h l t ddl vdi hogt ddng kinh doanh tgi eac hpc"'^i B e n c g n h d d , giao dye v l n cdn m6t qud'c gia dfldc xe'p hang Bao cao Ddi s d hgn c h l d ky n a n g nhan thflc, ky nang ti/ vdi Vifit Nam, mfit nam rao can hang hpc, ky nang dpc, vifi't v a tfnh toan cfla mft dau la "lfle Iflpng lao ddng ehfla dflpc dao tgo bd p h f n k h d n g n h d hpc sinh Khoang each day d f l " " ' Bao cao de c f p den sfl ye'u kem ve kfi't qua hpc t f p c Q n g rat Idn gifla thj dgo dflc n g h l nghifip eua lye lupng - ndng thdn, ngfldi giau - ngUdi ngheo, ngUdi lao dpng cung la mdt rao can viec Kinh - ddn too t h i l u s d nang cao nang Iflc eanh tranh cfla d l t nfldc - Ve giao dpc sau trung hpc Ngoai danh gia qua chl s d neu trfin, thye Ckc n g h i e n c f l u nUdc ngoai ve gido dye trgng nen giao dye V i f t Nam edn dflpc danh sau trung hpc, dae bifit la giao dgc dai hpc ci V i f t Nam d i u chT rang, giao dye sau trung hpc d Viet N a m da c d bude phat trien ve quy '=' Chfldng trinh Phat trien Lien hifp qudc (UNDP), T/dd,tr.2 '^' Theo: http://vneconomy.vn/thoi-su/nang-luceanh-tranh-toan-cau-cua-viet-nam-thang-hangmanh-me-2010091011373i51.htm Cap nhat 25/5/2016 (4) v4(5) Phgm v a n Llnh, Dinh hUdng chidn luac, giii phip dot pha nham doi mdi can bin, toan dien giao dpc vi dao tao Viet Nam, Nxb CTQG HN 2015, tr.172va 172 md n h l m ddp flng nhu c l u cfla ngfldi hpc v& yfiu d u cua thj trudng lao ddng Tuy nhien, trfldc y e u c l u c h u y e n ddi md hinh tang trfldng, cflng v d i y f i u c l u m d i cua thdi kJ hdi nhgp, giao dye sau trung hpc, dgc bietia giao dye dgi hpc dang bde If n h i l u hgn ch^, C h a n g h g n , quy m d va c d c l u dao tgo chiia tfnh tdi quy l u f t cung - e l u cfla thj trfldng lao Khoo h o c c h i n h trj - So 6/2016 , • 9{£hiin cufu - Trao ddi r^EJi ddng, v l n edn tinh trgng ddo tgo thifi'u hgt ky nang vd lao ddng cd tay nghe mdt sd ngdnh cy the trude yfiu d u ddi mdi n l n kinh t l va hpi nhfp; tinh trgng mat cdng blng v l gido dye t h l hifn rd nhlt d giao due dai hpc, cd ft ddng gdp, kem hifu qua cho nghien eflu va phattrien - Ve cic ITnh vi/c ca bin cua hi thdng giio dpc Nam 2012, chfldng trinh nghifin cQu mang ten "Tilp cfn hf thdng de nfng cao chat IUdng giao dgc" (SABER) Ngan hang The gldi {VJB) phd'i hpp vdi UNESCO thyc hifn thf dilm trfin ITnh vUe chlnh saeh giao due cua nflde ta, gdm: giao vifin, hf thdng thdng tin quan ly giao dye (EMIS), ty chfl trudng hpc, cfing nghfi thdng tin va truyen thdng (ICT), danh gia hpc sinh; phan ludng dao tgo nghl, giao dye dgi hpc, huy ddng khu vgc tu Nam 2013, SABER dUa thfim 05 ffnh vge chfnh sach gdm: giao dye mam non, cdng bang va hda nhfp, y te hpc dudng, tai chfnh giao dgc, tinh dap Qng cfla giao due Nhflng nghifin cflu bUde dau da cho thay mpt sd dilm mgnh va yeu cac ITnh vye cd ban cOa he thdng giao dye d nfldc ta so vdi cdc nfldc khu vflc Ddng A ma SABER khao sdt, dd la: + Giao vien: Day la ITnh vuc quan trpng nha't vifc nang cao chat Iflpng giao dye So vdi cac nfldc khae phgm vi dflpc khao sat, dilm manh cua nflde ta la xac djnh dflde mgc tle"u ro rang ehinh sach ddi vdi giao vifin Tuy nhien, to ehflc thgc hifin, cdn mdt sd han chfi', nhfl khdng thu hflt dUde ngudi gidi vao nghe dgy hpc; cdng tae dao tgo giao vien thieu thifi't thflc va ft trai nghifim; chfla bao dam viec cung '®i http://www.vvob.be/vietnam/files/dien_gia_ quoc_gia„chat_luong_giao_duc_xa_hoi_hoc_ tap_pham do_nhat_tien.pdf, Cfp nhat 25/5/2016 Khoo hoc chinh trj -So 6/2016 d p gifo vifin phfl hpp vdi nhu eau cua hpe sinh; thifi'u lanh dao gidi dan dlt giao vifin; giao vifin thie'u ddng Iflc thyc thi cdng vifc + He thdng thdng tin quan ly giao dye (EMIS): EMIS dflpc coi la "dau nhdt" iam van hanh bd mdy vd giup eac nha quan ly nam dflde nhjp dap eua hf thd'ng Nghien eflu cua SABER cho thay, "Viet Nam, Lao va Campuchia hifin la ba nfldc thieu thdng tin nhat khu vflc ve cac dfl iieu lien quan den tai chinh giao dyc"'^' Ne'u cho rang, vai trd cfla EMIS la cdt tfl he thdng giao dye cd chat Iflpng, thl nhQng hgn che tren chinh saeh EMIS cua nflde ta c l n dflpc xem xet nghiem tuc de khic phuc + Ty chu trfldng hpc va trach nhiem giai trinh: So vdi eae nude ASEAN, Viet Nam mdi d chang dfldng dau tien Trong dd, can dac biet chu trpng cai thien quyen tfl ehiJ ve nhan sfl va vai trd cfla Hdi ddng trfldng de dam bao sy ddng bd chfnh saeh + Cdng nghe thdng tin va truyen thdng (ICT): Viec flng dyng ICTd nfldc ta v l n quanh quan d nhflng khia eanh ky thugt cua viec sfl dyng may tinh, chfla phat huy nhflng ky nang iien quan de'n ICT, nhfl tfl sang tgo, giai quyet van de, truy tim va xfl ly thdng tin, + Danh gia hpe sinh: Trong chinh saeh danh gia cfla khu vgc vdi ba mflc dp: danh gia idp hpc, danh gia dfla trfin ke't qua thi, danh gia tren dien rdng, Vift Nam da va dang hoan thien eae hogt ddng danh gia eua minh Tuy nhien, hgn c h l la sy thie'u vang danh gia tren dien rdng, ke' ca nfldc va qude te, Dieu da gay khd khan eho cac nha hogch djnh chinh sach, vi thieu cd sd de dieu chinh ehinh sach + Phan ludng dao tao nghe: Chinh sach phan iudng d Viet Nam dupc thflc hien tfl rat sdm, vdi eac chfldng trinh logi ISCED 2B, 2C va iSCED 3C Thflc te' cho thay, each tiep can cfla SABER ia hpp iy, nhflng dfl iieu khdng thda dang va ke't qua cdn mpt sd sai lech nhat djnh • 9{ghiin ahi - Trao ,M + Giao dye dgi hpc: Kfi't qui khdo sat cfla SABER ehi ring, "sfl khdng ddng bd gifla mQc dp tang trfldng cao vdi chi phi thap va quan tri kfim cho gido dye dgi hpc"*'' Day la v l n d l md Vift Nam d n xem xdt d l cd hfldng dilu chlnh phfl hpp, + Huy dfng khu vyc tU: Vdi cdc tifiu chf danh gia Id: tinh cgnh tranh (bao dam sfl binh ding cfla cdc chfl t h l tham gia vao thj trUdng giao dye), trach nhifm giai trinh (cac tifiu ehf va qua trinh giai trinh ma cae trfldng tfl phai dap flng), tinh minh bgch thdng tin (nhflng thdng tin d n thiet giflp phu huynh vife chpn trfldng), "Vift Nam da dgt mflc dp "ndng cao" trdeh nhifm giai trinh cua cdc trfldng tfl"'^' Tuy nhifin, de dam bao tfnh ddng bd chfnh sach, d n xem xfit, dieu chinh de dim bao nang cao tinh cgnh tranh va tfnh minh bgch thdng tin hogt ddng cfla cac trfldng tu Nhflvfy, danh gid cua eae edquan qud'c te da cho thly mdt bflc tranh kha toan difn v l thflc trgng nln giao dye Vift Nam Dilu dang chfl y la cae danh gia dga tren bdi eanh kinh te - xa hdi ey t h l cfla Vift Nam va mdi tfldng quan so sanh ehu yfi'u vdi cac nfldc dang phat triln khu vflc hogc cac nudc cd mflc thu nhfp tUdng dfldng Vdi cdch tiep cfn nay, eae nghifin cflu trfin da phdn tfeh thflc trang cfla giao dye Vift Nam, chi dflpc nhflng hgn che va iam rd nguyfin nhan cua nln giao dge nude ta Dgi hdi lln thfl Xll cfla Dang (thang 01/2016) da chi nhQng hgn c h l giao dye - dao tgo la: "Chit Iflpng giao dye - dao tao, nhat la gido dye dgi hpc va dao tgo nghl (7) vi (8] http://www.vvob.be/vietnam/files/dien_gia_ quoc_gia_chat_luong_giao_duc_xa_hoi_hoc_ tap_pham_da_nhat_tien pdf, Cap nhat 25/5/2016 '« DCSVN, Vin kien D?i hdi dai bidu toin qudc lin thQ Xll Nxb CTQG, HN 2016, tr,30 cdn ehfm cdi thifn; thilu lao dpng chat Iflpng cao Hf thd'ng gido dye edn thilu tinh lifin thdng, chfla hdp ly vd thifi'u ddng bf Cflng tdc phan ludng va hfldng nghifp cdn nhilu hgn che va b i t cfp Ddi mdi gido dye - dko tgocd mft cdn Iflng tflng Tinh trgng mltcSn ddi ed d u ngdnh, nghl vd trinh dfl dko tgo edn ehfm khic phgc, cdng tdc dao t^o chua g i n chft che vdi nhu c l u xa hfi Cfl ehe, chlnh sich cd mft chua phfl hdp; xa h$l hda edn ehfm vd gfp nhilu khd khan, chfla thu hflt dupc nhieu ngudn lfle ngodi nha nfldc eho phat triln giao dye - dao tgo Cd sd vft chat chua dflpc trang bj dly dfl vd edn lgc hau Chat Ifldng dgy va hpc d vung sau, vflng xa, vung dan tpe thieu sd cdn thap Dpi ngu nh^ giao va can bd quan ly ehfla ddp flng yfiu elu"'^' Nguyfn nhan ct^a nhang hgn che giao dye - dao tgo d Vift Nam Nhflng bit cgp, yfi'u kem giao dgc - dao tgo d Vift Nam bat ngudn tfl nhiSu nguyen nhan, ddng chfl y la: - Ydu td diu vio: Chfldng trinh dao tao nang n l , cQng nhac va lae hfu, chfl trpng ly thuyfi't hdn thyc hanh PhUdng phap dgy hpc chfl yeu theo kie'u truyen thy mdt chieu, khuyfi'n khfch hpc vgt, thifi'u sy tfldng tae gifla ngfldi dgy va ngUdi hpe; dpi ngu nha giao cdn nhieu b i t cfp v l trinh dfi dao tgo, nghiep vg sU phgm, cap nhgt kien thflc ky nang, lam vife qua tai va thifi'u ddng lgc giang dgy, thilu trang thifi't bi d n thilt d l hd trd cho vifie dgy va hpc Chinh sach, cd chl tai chfnh cho giao dye chfla phfl hpp - Cic yi'u to qua trinh: Ckc cd sd dao tgo d nflde ta hifn v l n la nhQng cd sd hogt ddng rifing le, thilu g i n ke't vdi nhflng cd sd quan trpng khde Cy t h l : cd quan tuyin dyng - la ndi sfl dyng k? nang; cae doanh nghiep - ndi sfl dyng kfi't qud nghidn eflu va phat triln; cdc vifn nghifin eflu - ndi phd'i hdP nghien cQu khoa hpc; cfc cd sd giao dye dgi hpc va ddo tgo khde - ndi phfi'i hdp cung flng Khoa hQC chinh trj - So 6/2016 O^ighien aiu - Trao ddi •^-••c:j .^3.- ky nang; cdc trfldng phd thdng - ndi dgt nen mdng cho ky nang - Yeu td bdi canh: Cd anh hudng khdng nhd d i n sg phdt triln eua gido dgc - dao tgo Mat trai cfla kinh t l thj trUdng da d i n dfi'n nhflng bilu hifn tifiu cgc giao dye dao tgo Trong dd, vifc the c h l cac quan difi'm eua Dang ve phat trien giao dye, nhlt la quan diem "giao dye ta qud'c sach hang diu" cdn chgm va Iflng tung Vifc to chfle thgc hifn chie'n lUdc phat trien giao dye chfla dupc quan tam dflng mflc Bfinh hinh thflc, hu danh, ehgy theo bang d p eham dfldc khic phuc, cd mat cdn nghifim trpng hdn Ngoai ra, cdn thieu thdng tin c l n thiet d l cung va cau dfi'n vdi qua trinh dao tgo; thilu dfing lge eho eac cd sd vifc xdy dgng va that chat cac lien ke't; thie'u hd trp viec nang cao nang lgc cfla cac cd sd dao tgo vd cac cd sd cd lifin quan khae viee tao dgng cac lien ke't cd hieu qua va ben vQng Day la nhQng can trd cho qua trinh phat trien giao dgc - ddo tgo NhQng giai phap can dUdc chu trpng qua trmh thi/c hifn ddi mdi giao dgc Theo hfldng tifi'p can thge tiln, ben cgnh thflc hifn thfldng xuyen nhflng giai phap ehung dflpc d l Nghj quyet Trung fldng (khda XI) v l Ddi mdi can ban, toan difin gido dgc va dao tao, can chu trpng trien khai thi/c hi$n giai phap sau: ThQ nhat, ddi mdi cic yi'u to cd ban cua giio dpc vi dio tao - Nfii dung giao dye: Da dang hda npi dung, tai lifu hpc tap, dap flng yeu eau cua cac bfc hpe, cac chfldng trinh giao dye dao tgo va nhu d u hpc tap sud't ddi eua mpi ngfldi Tiep tye ddi mdi va chuan hda ndi dung giao dge mam non, chfl trpng ke't hpp cham.sde, nudi dudng va giao dye dao tgo phu hpp vdi dgc diem tam, sinh ly, yfiu c l u phat triln t h l lgc,.hlnh nhan each; Xay dUng va chuin hda n f i dung gido Khoa hoc chinh trj - So 6/2016 dye phd thdng theo hudng hifin dgi, tinh gpn, bao dam chat Iflpng, tich hpp cao d cdc Idp hpc dfldi vd phan hda dan d cac Idp hpe tren; giam sd mdn hpc b i t bude; tang mdn hpe chfl de va hogt ddng giao dye ty chpn, Bifin sogn sach giao khoa, tai lieu hd trp dgy va hpc phfl hpp vdi tflng ddi tflpng hpe, chfl y de'n hpc sinh dan tdc thieu sd vd hpc sinh khuylt tft; Ndi dung giao dye nghe nghiep dfldc xay dflng theo hfldng tich hpp kien thflc, ky nang, tac phong iam vifie ehuyen nghiep de hinh nang lyc nghe nghiep eho ngfldi hpc; Ddi mdi mgnh me ndi dung giao dye dgi hpc va sau dai hpc theo hfldng hien dai, phu hdp vdi tflng nganh, nhdm nganh dao tgo va vific phan tang cfla he thdng giao due dai hpe Chfl trpng phat trien nang Iflc sang tao, ky nang thflc hanh, dgo dflc nghe nghifip va hieu bie't xa hdi, tflng bfldc tie'p can trinh dd khoa hgc - cdng nghe tien tie'n cua the gidi - PhflPng phap day hpe Tie'p tuc ddi mdi manh me phfldng phap dgy va hpc theo hfldng hien dgi; phat huy tinh tieh eye, chu ddng, sang tao va van dyng kien thflc, ky nang cua ngudi hpc; khac phuc idi truyen thy ap dat mdt chieu, ghi nhd may mde Tap trung day each hpc, each nghT, khuyen khich tfl hpc, tao cd sd de ngfldi hpc ty cap nhat va ddi mdi tri thflc, ky nang, phat trien nang Iflc Chuyen tfl hpc ehu yeu trfin idp sang td ehflc hinh thflc hpc tap da dgng, chfl y ckc hoat dpng xa hdi, ngoai khda, nghien eflu khoa hpc Day mgnh flng dung cdng nghe thdng tin va truyen thdng dgy va hpc Ve chflpng trinh' Sfl thay ddi cfla chfldng trinh se quye't dinh dau cfla giao dye - dao tgo Ddi mdi chfldng trinh "nham phat trien nang lyc va pham chat ngudi hpc, hai hda dflc, tri, the, my; day ngudi, dgy chfl va dgy nghe Ddi mdi ndi dung giao dye theo hfldng tinh gian, hien dai, thiet thyc, phfl hpp vdi Ifla tudi, trinh dp va nganh nghe; tang thflc hanh, v f n dyng kie'n thfle vao y\lgniencmi - 'iraod, thyc tifin Chfl trpng g i f o dye nhan each, hpc tap, n h f l n g n g u y e n t i c cfla giao due dgo dflc, Idi sd'ng, kie'n thflc ve phap iuat d y a tren dau T h y c hien dflpc dieu nay, va y thflc edng ddn Tgp trung vao nhflng se thuc day hdn viec hgc tap, djnh hudng gia tri cd ban cfla van hda, truyen thdng va va cung cap cho hpc sinh sfl hieu biel, nhan dgo ly dan tdc, tinh hoa van hoa nhan ioai, thflc tdt hdn vg c h f l o n g trinh giao dye, vai gia tri cdt loi vd nhdn van cua Chu nghTa tro cua ca nhan qua trinh dd, khuyen Mae - Lenin va tu tfldng Hd Chf Minh"'^°', khich thao luan tich cflc ve nhflng muc tieu Tang cfldng giao dye t h l chat, kien thflc va cac gia trj ca n h a n dang co qud'c phdng, an ninh vd hfldng nghiep Day To chfle thUc hien q u a n iy giao due ngogi ngQ va tin hpc theo hUdng chuan hda, dua tren d a u ra, D o i m d i nhflng yeu fd c{j thifi't thye, bao dam nang lyc su dung cua ngfldi hpc, ban cua giao due - dao tao la finh vyc kho nhat cua c d n g cudc ddi mdi giao dye B6i Trfin cd sd mue tifiu ddl mdi giao dye - vi, thflc tien ddi m d i cua cac nudc tren the ddo tao, d n xdc djnh ro va cong khai muc gidi, cung nhfl c u a chinh s a c h giao dye Viet tieu, ehuan d i u cfla tflng bac hoc, mon Nam cho thay, hieu qua cua viec thay ddi hpc, chfldng trinh, nganh va chuyen nganh chinh sach tfl tren xud'ng thfldng khdng cao dao tgo Xem dd la cam kfi't, bao dam chat Trong cdng viec giang day cua cac giao Iflpng cua ca h f thdng va tflng cd sd giao vien van phai thflc hien d e u dan, nhflng viec dye - dao tgo, la can cfl giam sat, danh iam ddi mdi tien trinh cham chap til tren gla chat Iflpng giao dye - dao tao Ddi mdi x u d n g , d e n giao vien thi da ket thuc mot phfldng thflc tuyen dgng nhan iuc da qua quy trinh Nhfl vay, chfla kip danh gia dao tgo theo hfldng chfl trpng nang Iflc, chat va rut kmh n g h i e m tfl nhQng chinh sach ddi lupng, hifu qua cdng vific thUcte, khong dat mdl thi da bat d a u mgt chu trinh mdi va ti; ngng van d l bang d p C l n xem su chap tuong chinh s a c h ddi mdi da trd nen nhan cfla thj trudng lao ddng ddi voi ngudi c u , khong cdn phu hdp He qua la cac hpcia tieu chf quan trpng de danh gia uy tin, van ban ddi m d i , luon tim thay nhflng ngi chat Iflpng cfla e d s d giao dye dai hoc, nghe dung da c u Vi v a y , c a n lay dau ra, nhu cau nghifp va la can cfl d l djnh hudng cac co xa hoi la muc tieu h u d n g tdi, chap nhan si/ sd giao dye - dao tao va nganh nghe dao da dang ve phfldng thflc thflc hien Do cflng tgo Hfi thdng giao dye d n hudng tdi dau la n g u y e n t i c c d b a n cua phflong thflc quan vd san p h l m eung d p cho xa hoi De tnen ly theo ket qua d a u giao due hien khai thgc hien nhQng ndi dung trudc dai C a n dfla vao c d sd giao due de tnen hfi't phai ddl mdi n h f n thflc va phuong thuc khai ddi m d i , ddi hdi phai nang cao trinh thyc hifin va chat Iflpng c u a can bp quan Iy cap - Ddi mdi n h f n thflc, danh gia giao trudng, de cd the chu d g n g tich cflc dye - dao tao dfla trfin d i u ra, Nhan thflc viec thay doi viec day cua giao vien va hoc day dfl ve dau ra, ve md'i quan he gifla chat cua hgc sinh, lupng giao dye, dau hpe tap lang truong kinh t l va ve ly phai tap trung vao dau ThQ hai hpp tac quoc te ve giao due • dao tao Trong xu t h l hpi n h f p qud'c tfi', can chu ddng hdi n h f p qud'c te ve giao dye - dao tgo trfin cd sd giQ vflng dde lap chu quyen ""'^Nghj quylt sd 29-NQ/TW 4/11/2013 ve Ddi mdi cin ban, toin diin giao due va dio t^o bao ddm djnh hudng X H C N , bao tdn va phdt huy cac gid trj v5n hda tdt dep cua '!i- Khoa h o c chlnh trj - So 6/2016 ,-'=• w •'-°i»-q, 9{ghiin aiu - Trao ddi •'''\:;{', "•"'^Pftlik '""s:-;.^, *;^-^, ' ••^triiijo' ;,5->,^ ;=-, ' " •i-,^.,^ — i^ •'••.•'.'• , ./_ „.;"" , /"• '"^ ' '^"' •-'"••'' ' =~ — ' """~ •' -'=" ~'^' r r U':- '" r^tc? -.•;:•••; •r^r-T" r S: •: S: ~ -i^i!J l-rriiW i-i,S."i' r;r rt'.:r.:'i'' - sr.ffC".^~r^_-X' a:#* ôã; -i^s ^ãj ' i,-r' '^ ••,i'"' , _ ;£ ^'' dan tdc, tie'p thu cd chpn lpc tinh hoa van '^'^^^^ thdnh tgu khoa hpe - edng nghf cfla nhdn logi Trong do, ode giai phap eg t h l la: Hoan thien co chfi' hpp tac song phUdng va da phUdng, thuc hien cac cam k i t qude t l v l giao dgc - dao tgo; Tang quy md ddo tgod nUde ngodi blng ngan sach nha nUde ddl vdi giang vifin cac nganh khoa hpe cd ban va khoa hpe mui nhpn Khuyln khfch "^'^"^ ^^^ *^P V3 nghien cflu nfldc ngoai blng cac nguon kinh phf ngoai ngdn saeh nha nfldc; Md rpng lien ke't dao tgo vdi cac cd sd dao tgo nfldc ngoai ed uy tin, dge biet la glao dgc dgi hpc va giao due nghl nghifp, ddng thdi quan ly chat che chat lupng dao tgo; Cd cd che khuye'n khieh cac ea nhan ngUdi nflde ngoai, ngfldi Viet Nam d nfldc ngoai tham gia hogt ddng dao tao, nghien cQu, Qng dung va triln khai khoa hpe cdng nghf d Vift Nam Tang eudng giao |gu van hda va hpc thuft qudc te, Cd chi'nh saeh hd trd, quan ly hifiu qua viee hpc tap va ren luyen eua hpe sinh, sinh vifin dang hpc d nudc ngoai va d cac cd sd ed yeu td nude ngoai tai Viet Nam Trong qua trinh hdi nhap, can lUu y rang, hpi nhfp cd dieu kien, lya chpn muc tieu thfeh hpp va tri ban s i c dan tdc Kinh nghifim cho tha'y, rao can Idn nhat qua trinh qud'c te' hda giao due dgi hpc d nhieu qudc gia chlnh Id trinh dp ngogi ngfl, Ngdn ngQ Id eau nd'i de giao due hdi nhap, nhifin, lya chpn mue tieu, tri ban sac din tde hpi nhfp qudc te' ve giao due ' " ° " '^ ^ ^ " ^^ '"^^ ^^^ nhieu qude gia phat trien giao due - dao tao VI du, ITnh vUe khoa hpc, ed nha khoa hgc Nhgt Ban xua't b i n cdng trinh cua minh bang tieng Anh, nhung phan Idn sd hg v l n viet va xuat bdn bang tie'ng Nhat Van de quan " " Phgm Van Linh, Sdd, tr.269 •i0 Khoa hoc chfnh trj - So 6/2016 trpng eua nen giao dye Nhat Ban la lam the ndo de giQ dupc bin sle cua minh trUde sflc mgnh cua nen van minh phfldng Tay Khac vdi Nhat Ban, Chfnh phu va nganh giao dye eua Malaysia khdng ngflng nd lue d l dua nen giao dye dfi'n vdi t h l gidi Nhilu khoan ngdn sach Idn dfldc bd nhlm dfla kifi'n thfle va edng nghfi tifin tien nhat cua the' gidi den vdl sinh vien dang hpc tap tgi Malaysia Nhd dd, "hifn Malaysia la dat nfldc dflng thfl 11 tren the gidi ve nfldc ed sd sinh vien qudc te de'n hpc tap""" N l n giao due Viet Nam, dgc dilm cua qua trinh phat trien, vfla cd diu a'n eua nen giao due cu, vfla ehiu anh hfldng cua nen giao dye Lien Xd, Ddng Au, gan ddy la nen giao due cua Tay Au va My, Vdi sU nd Iflc va cd gang cua ea he thdng chlnh tri, dpi ngu eae nha khoa hpe, tri thfle dflpc efl di hpc d nfldc ngoai, ket hdp vdi dao tao nfldc, nen giao dye Viet Nam da cd nhflng bfldc phat trien quan trpng, gdp phan vao sU phat trie'n chung cfla ea nfldc nhflng nam qua Tuy nhien, giao due dgi hpe cua cae nude tien tie'n dflpc du nhap vao Vifit Nam, se ed nhflng xung dot vdi gia trj ban dia Nen giao dye ay igi dang qua trinh chuyen ddi, tfl mot he thdng giao dye dflpc Nha nfldc ho trd day du sang he thdng dflpc phyc vy bdi thj trudng Vi vay, can nghien cflu ky Ifldng de dam bao sfl hai hda gifla yeu cau hdi nhgp va gifl gin ban sle dan tdc, Hien nay, cae hpc gia Viet Nam ludn nhan manh de'n bd ba khai niem dupe "nhap khau" tfl nfldc ngoai: Tfl chfl - Trach nhiem giai trinh - Hdi ddng trUdng, dd, "trach nhifim giai trinh" nhfl la ddi trgng cho quyen "Ty ehu" va "Hdi ddng trfldng" nhfl Id ngudi chju trach nhiem giai trinh Ddi vdi eac trfldng edng idp d Viet Nam, viee giai trinh khdng he ddn gian Day la bai hpe kinh nghiem rat bo Ieh cho Viet Nam qua trinh dfla nen giao dye dfi'n vdi t h l gidiQ ... la van de d n dUpe quan tam t i m thay thyc trgng c f l a tflng bgc hpc va trinh dfl quan trpng cfla giao dye phat t r i l n eon dao tao c f l a n l n giao dye Viet Nam nhfl sau: ngfldi va giao... thdng thdng tin quan ly giao dye (EMIS): EMIS dflpc coi la "dau nhdt" iam van hanh bd mdy vd giup eac nha quan ly nam dflde nhjp dap eua hf thd'ng Nghien eflu cua SABER cho thay, "Viet Nam, Lao va... Viet Nam da cd nhflng bfldc phat trien quan trpng, gdp phan vao sU phat trie'n chung cfla ea nfldc nhflng nam qua Tuy nhien, giao due dgi hpe cua cae nude tien tie'n dflpc du nhap vao Vifit Nam,