Nghiên cứu quan điểm và nhận thức của các bên liên quan về khó khăn và các giải pháp nhằm nâng cao hiệu quả sử dụng lao động nông thôn

KHOA HOC C N G NGHl l\IGHl£l\l CIJLI OUAIM DIEM V A IVHAIV THUC CUA CAC B £ I M LIEIM QUAiy V £ KHO KHAIV V A CAC E I A I PHAP I M H A M M A M B C A O H I £ U Q U A S U D U M G L A O OdiMG IXidlXIG THOIV VdHthiHW T6MTAT Nghien ciiu t ^ trung vao vifc thu thip va dinh gia, phintichquan didm cua cic ben Uen quan ddn vin ^- di ning cao hifu qui su dung lao dong tai cac dja bin ndng thdn, dia ban dupe chpn nghien ciiu la tinh Thira Thien-Hud Phuong phap hi|n dupe sir dung lafliuattoan sip xdp nhanh (Q - sort metiiod) Diy la phupng phip nghien ciiu dupe su dung de thutiiipquan didm chii quan dia ddi tupng nghien ciiu Thdng X qua phantichnhan td kdt hop vdi tfaiifliuatxoay qvarimax dd tdi da hda phuong sai, tut dd chpn cic nhdm y kidn cua cic ben lien quan dd dua nhiing kdt luin can thidt Kdt qui nghien ciiu cd # nghia vifc dd xuit cic gpi y vd chinh sach nhim hudng ddn ning cao hifu qua su dyng lao dOng tgi cic dja bin ndngflidn,ddngflidicung cip co sd lyfliuydtve phuong phip luin cho cic nghien cihi tidp theo Tii khda: fliuongphap sip xip ahaah, quan diim, nhin diuc, lao dpng ndng didn, kho khan, chinh sich i.ajiTv/biit Hifn d nude ta, ndng thdn vin la dia bin sinh sdng eua 67,8% din cu vi 69,9% ngudn lad ddng (2013) [1] Din sd tip bung ddng vdi die didm co ciu din sd be li CO sd lim gia ting quy md lye lupng lao dfng ndng flidn Trong didu kifn kmh td edn kfm phit tridn, chit lupng ngudn lap ddng ndng thdn nude ta cdn ttiip thi vifc ning cad hifu qui sir dyng lap dfng dang li vin dd khd khan Idn eiia cie dja phupng bong ei nude Vi viy, vifc nfainfliiiediy dii cic kfad khin fliye tidn, nhiing nhu ciu, nguyfn vpng CQng nhu y kidn aia cie bfn lien quan ddn vifc quin Iy, su dyng lao dfng d ndngtiidnli co sd quan tix?ng dd xiy dyng cie giii pfaip cdtinfatiiyetidncao nfaim sii dyng hpp ly, faifu qui ngudn lap dfng d ndngtiidndang li vin dd cdtinhtiidisyfaifnnay Vdi ngfaien cuu niy, ehiing tdi Bdp cin tir vifc tdng hpp vi dinh gii quan didm, nhin fliiie cua cie ben uen quan bpng vin dd ning cap hifu qui sii dyng lao dfng d ndng flidn Cic nhdm ddi hipng dupe tiiu fliip flidng tin bad gdm: Ngudi lap ddng cic nhi quin Iy chinh quydn cac cip vi cie chuyen gia bong linh vyc lao dpng-viec lam, cic don vi su dyng lap ddng Thdng qua img dyng cua fliuit tpin sip xep nfaanh Q - sort dd tdng hpp nghien eiiu vi danh gii, ti, dd dd xuit cac kidn nghi vd mit chinh sach bong vifc ning cao hifu qua vi sii dyng hpp ly Tnidng D»i hpc Duy Tan Di Ning ngudn lao ddng ndng tfadn Ngfaien ciiu dupe time hifn tai dia ban ndngflidntinbTfaiia Thien - Hud nMMG PHiiP NGH6V Ciiu VA P H M liCH 2.1 Gidi tfaifu pfauong p h ^ Q-sort Mdi ngudi cd quan didm chii quan khic flid gidi khich quan vi phuong phip Q-sdrt dupe su dyng dd phit hifn cie loai binh nhinfliiicchii quan cua nhdm nguditiiamdyti-ongeic nghien ciiu cd s» fliam gia ciia cfng ddng Phuong phip Q-sort cung cip cbo chung ta mft cdng ey nghien ciiu chinh xk vi he flidng dd khio sit quan didm chu quan ciia eon ngudi Phuong phip niy fliudng dupe sii dung dd: (1) phit hifn vi phin lo?i quan didm/nhin tiiiic eua ngudi tham dy (2) cung cip nhung hidu bidt siu sie hon vd eic vin dd mi bp di dua ra, (3) nhjn difn eic tieu chuin quan ti-png ddi vdi cie nhdm vi (4) khao sit eic nfi dungflidngnh^t vi b-anh luin bong nhdm ngudi tham du [5J Stephenson la ngudi diu tien dua phuoi« phip Q-sort vio nam 1935 Sau dd, phuong phip niy di dupe phit tridn hen bjc qua nhidu tiiip ^ Phuong phip Q-sort sii dung kdtfapptiidngnhit cic phuomg phip nghien ciiu dinh tinh vi dinh lupng Khia canh dinh lupng cua pfauong pfaip Q-sort la « dung ky fliuit phin tich nhin td (factor analysis) «t gop nhdm nhiing ngudi cd y kidn gidng nhau, tir da tao cie gia ttiuydt cho cie nghien cihitidptiiea Khia canh dinh tinh cua phuong phip Q-sort cho phdp ngudi tiiam dy biy td y kidn chii quan cua hfl 20 NONG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIIN N N G T H N - KY - THANG 9/2011 l^vlfife^^ KHOA HOC CdNG NGHf tfaiic, quan didm aia ngudi lao ddng ndng tfadn, cic nfai quan ly cfainfa quydn cac cip - cie cfauyfn gia vd quan Iy cfauyen nganh va dai difn cac don vi sir dyng lao ddng d dia bin ndng thdn Tfaiia Tfaien - Hud vd nfaiing khd khan cua ngudi lao ddng, cie khd khin vifc quan ly vi ning cao bifu qua su dyng lao dpng d ndng tbdn, cic nguyen vpng vi mong mudn dupe bd trpdd cai thien tinh trang vifc lim, ting thu nhap Toan bd ndi dung pfadng van dupe gfai lai faing may gfai im de dam bao tinfa cfainfa xic vi day dii aia flidng tin ngudi tfaam du cung cap Sau dd, toan bp ndi dung gfai im dupe cfadp lai dudi dang vin bin Tdng bpp lai, da chpn ban 366 Idi trinh biy, Hidn nay, phuong phap Q- sort di dupe sir dyng dd cd nhidu ndi dung triing Dya tren rdng rai cac nganh khoafapekfaic nfaau, bao nhung Idi trinb biy niy, thdng qua thao luin vdi cac gdm tam lyfape,xifadifape,chinh tri hpc, y hpc, giip chuyen gia nghien eiiu vd lao ddng, ndng nghidp dyc.vi ea cac nghien eiiu tham du cdng ndng thdn, cac nhi quin ly chinb quydn cic cap ddng eua Ngin hing Thd gidi, FAO [2], [4] Tuy dd lua cbpn 20 ldi trinh biy tieu bidu lien quan nhien, pbuong phip niy cdn it dupe su dyng ddn bai ndi dung nghien ciiu chinh li: (i) Nhiing khd nghifn ciiu kinh td - xa hdi ndi chung, dac bift li khin gap phai cua ngudi lao dfng, eic don vi sii ngfaien ciiu vd quan didm, nfain tfaiic vi y' Iddn dyng lao dfng van dd tao vifc lim, ting thu ciia ngudi din ddi vdi cac vin dd lien quan ddn vifc nhip d ndng thdn; (ii) nhiing nguyfn vpng, mong hoach dinfa cfainfa sicfa vi eic bifn pfaip quin ly, mudn dupe bd trp dd tad vifc lim, chuydn ddi nghd nghifp nham ning cao thu nhip Diy li nhiing pfait tridn thdng tin CO sd quan trpng nfait vifc dd xuit vi 2.2 Tfau fli^, pfainticfavi ziit 1^ dti lifu b ^ Q xiy dyng cic giai pfaip cd tinfa thye tidn cao dd sir -sort dung fapp ly, faifu qua ngudn lap ddng ndng thdn Phuong phip Q-sort bao gdm ba bude cfainfa: xiy Mdi Idi trinh biy dupe in mft tim the rieng bidt dung miu Q (Q-sample), tfaue faifn sip xdp miu Q dd ngudi tham du thye bifn vifc sip xdp miu Q theo (Q-sort),tinfatoan vi pfain tich dii Ueu Q-sort Chung quan didm cfau quan ei nfain tdi se trinh biy tdm tat ba budc tidn hanh niy 2.2.2 Thuchifn Q-sort ngfaien cim quan didm vi nfain tfaiie ciia cic ben lien Trong budc niy, nghien eiiu vien yeu ciu ngudi quan vd kfad kfaan vi cic giii phip nhim ning cao hifu qua sir dyng lao dfng ndng thdn d tinh Tfaiia tham dy sip xdp eic npi dung miu Q, tir dd thu tbip dii lifu vd quan didm chii quan ciia bp Tfaien - Hud Trong kbi thye hifn Q-sort ngudi tham du dupe dua 2.2.1 Xay dung miu Q cho mpt phidu tri Idi dd sip xdp eic nfi dung Miu Q thudng Ii tip hpp nhiing Idi trinh biy miu Q tiieo mdt su phin bd bit budc Thfm vio dd, (statements) tieu bidu, tbd hidn y kidn bay nhin thue phidu b i Idi cdn yeu ciu ngudi tham dy dua ly cfaii quan ciia ngudi tham dy ve cie van dd hen quan giai thich vi hp lai sip xdp nhu viy, djc bidt Ii ddn nfi dung nghien eiiu Nfaiing Idi trinfa biy niy ddi vdi cac ndi dung mi bp ehp Ii quan trpng hay dupe lya cbpn tir cic cupc pfadng vin ei nhin hoic khdng quan trpng nhat hoac ddng ^ hay khdng ddng thio luan nfadm trudc dd ynhat Trong kfaudn kfad nghien eiiu "Sii dyng lao dpng Trong nghien aiu niy 51 ngudi thyc hidn sip ndng thdn d tinh Thira Tfaien - Hud", vdi qui binh xdp miu Q, mpt sd ngudi di tham gia eic cufc thuc dia, didu tra xi hpi hpc, 64 cufc phdng vin siu phdng van siu dupe fliuc hifn ti-ong tiling 7/2015 aia tie gii vdi cac ddi tupng thudc nbdm phin loai Nghien eiiu vien yeu cau ngudi tbam dy sip xdp 20 tren b-ongtiiang7/2015 di dupetidnbinh Nfi dung ldi trinb biy miu Q theo mpt su phin bd bit phdng vin bao gdm eic ciu hdi lien quan ddn nfain bude gidng nbu miu pfaidu b i ldi dudi diy (xem vd mdt van dd nio dd Phuong pfaip Q-sort nhan manfa npi dung dinfa tinh la ngudi suy nghi nbu thi nao vi tai sao, nhung khdng chi bao nbiSu ngudi say ngbi gidng [3] Muc dich bude bet vi quan trpng nhat dia pbuong phap Q-sort ia phit bifn cac mau hinh nhin thiie, y kien hay quan diem khac nhau, chii khdng phai la su phin bd aia chung mdt tap hpp rpng faon C ^ ngfaien ciiu sur dyng pfauong pfaap Q-sort tfaudng dimg cic mau nfad hon so vdi cie nghien eiiu sii dyng phuong phap dieu tra Kdt qua ciia nhung ngfaien ciru it cfaiu anfa hudng bdi sd lupng miu nhd so vdi kdt qui ciia cie nghien ciiu didu ba NdNG NGHllP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG T H N - KY - THANG 9/2016 C^ ^J- 21 KHOA HOC C N G N G H | hinh 1) Trong qua trinh sip xdp miu Q, ngudi tfaam du se phai dpc vi so sinfa 20 ldi binfa bay de chpn kri trinfa biy ddng y nfait/kfadng ddng y nfait cfao ddn nfaung Idi trinfa biy bung lap Trudc tien, ngudi tfaam du se cbpn 01 Idi trinfa bay mi bp ddng y nfait (tuong iing vdi gia tri -f4) vi 01 Idi trinfa bay mi fap kfadng ddng y nfait (giitin-4) Sau dd,fapse cfapn 02 Idi binfa biy mifapddng y tiep tfaeo (gii tri +3) vi 02 Idi trinfa biy kbdng ddng ytidptfaeo (gii tri 3) vi cudi ciing li 04 Idi trinh biy tnmg lip (gii tri 0) Sau kdt thuc vifc sip xdp miu Q, ngudi nghien ciiu se ghi lai sd thii ty ciia cac Idi trinb biy f ^ SfithCrti/ Ul Irtnh b4y (1 + 20) Stf lupng U trinh b«y (20) a t tri (4 + -4) M>c dOng y/khOng dSng y/liung l ^ B&igy nhA Htnii I: Mdu ptiie'u trd ldi • vao pfaidu ba ldi Ben canfa vifc sip xdp miu Q tfaeo sy phin hi bit budc nbuti-fn,ngudi tfaam dyi cdn pfaii giai tiiidi t^i saofapddng ^ hay khdng ddng f nbit vdi ldi trii4 biy mi hp da cbpn Tfafm vio dd, nfaOng tfadng tji vd die didm dia ngudi tfaam dv (nfau tfn, tuift, qii( quin, ngfad nghifp, kinh n ^ f m ) cung dupe ^ pfaidu pfadng van Nfaiing tfadng tin niy duqc nfaip, luu tru vi phinticfabing pfain mdm thdng it SPSS ddfadb-p cfao vifc giai tfaicfa kdt qua phin tidi Q-sort 2.Z3 Phdn tich dOlifu Q-sort vrit Si H ^1 "'>•' .^^M 2 -1 •2 •3 Trung IfP •4 Kh6ng d5ng j^ nhft Q-sort Phin b'ch dii lifu thudng bao gdm ba thu hjc ma ti-in hiong quan Thdngfliudng,cic nhto flidng ke chinh, kdtidpnhau: tao ma bin hiong quan to cd gii hi die tiling ldn hon se dupe chpn d< (con-elation matrix), phin tich nhin td (factor fliye hifn tiiii tyc xoay (rotaion) Thuit ngu nhin ttS analysis) vi tinh toin bj sd nhin td (factor scores) ti-ong pbuong phip Q-sort kbic vdi tiiuit ngii nhin NhQng bi sd niytiidhien miie dd nhit tii hay bit td dupe fliyc hifn ti-ong cic phin ti'eh nhin td R ddng ddi vdi cic ndi dung bong ciing mdt nhdm (phin ticb nhin td fliudng gip b-ong phin mdm hdie giiia cic nhdm y kidn Trong da sd cic nghien SPSS) Nhin td frong phin b'ch nhin td Q-sort li ciiu sii dyng phuong pfaip Q-sort, bi sd nfain td nhdm nhiing ngudifliamdy di sip xdp miu Q hrong fliudng li CO sd dd giai ttiicfa kdt qua phin tich hr Mdi nhin td djii didn cbo mdt nhdm i Trong nghien ciiu niy, di sii dyng phin mdm PQMefliod phien ban 2.35 (2014) dd nhip, luu bii, kidn/quan didm khic Dua vio gii bj djc xii ly vi phin tich dii lifu Q-sorts PQMetiiod li phin tiimg vi ddng gdp hiong ddi eua nd cho tdng mdm chuyen dyng cho phin tieh Q-sorts {Phin mim phuong sai ciia ma btn hiong quan, di lya chpn ndy dupe viit bdi Peter Schmolck khoa Su phm - nhan td cho ttiu bic xoay (factor rotation)tidptiieo Thii tac (QVARIMA30 dupe tiiyc hifn it Dai hpc Lpc lupng Quan dpi Lifn bang Munich xoay nhin td da lya chpn bing phuong phip xoay CHLB Due PQMethod ch^y trfn nin DOS b-on^ varimax (varimax rotation) Thii tac xoay varimo mdt bvdng Windows 9Xhoac cao hoa) cbo phdp gan lpc cau tinic cua cic nhin td di lip Thye hifn tiiii hjc (STATCS) vi ? chpn bing vifc tdi da phuong sai giiia cic nhin ti (QENrER)dd nhip dir lifu Thdng qua fliii tac xoay varimax, frong tdng sd 51 Thye hifn ttiu tyc (QPCA) dd t^o ma ngudi fliam gia sip xdp miu Q, 19 ngudi dupe gOp trin hiong quan vi tinh toin cic gii bi die bung vio nhdm 1,19 ngudi khic dupe gfp vio nhdm va (eigenvalue) chotiingnhdm nhin td (factor/group) 13 ngudi edn lai dupe gfp vio nbdm Diy li co s4 r l M * ' T t ^ f ^° ^ ^""^ ^-^P t " " ^ ^^i cua cbo vifc tinh tiiin cie tri sd nhin td d budetidptiieft mdt nhin td cho tdng phmmg sai (tofal variance) Thyc hifn fliii tac (QANALYZE) dd phia 22 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT T R I I N NONG T H N - KY - THANG 9/201^ 2014 KHOA HOC CdNG NGHl mdm PQMethod tinh toin cic tri sd nhin td Cac tri sd niy li CO sd cho viee {diin ticb su tuong ddng va khic bift tjong quan didm/nhin tfaiie vd cac vin dd lifn quan dhi eac kfad khin cung nhu cic nguyen vpng, mong mudn fad frp frong vifc ning cao hieu qua sii dung lao dpng ndng tfadn faifn difn sd ngudi tfaam du S KfT qnk KHDI CUU VA HIM UIM Trong n ^ e n aiu nay, ket qua tinh toin eae tri sd nhin td dupe giii thich thdng qua vifc sp sanh tri sd ciia cic ldi trinh biy frong ding mdt nfadm vi gitia cic nfadm y kidn khic nfaau Trong dd die bift chii y tdi cic nfi dung cd eye hi (vi du +4, +3, -3, -4) vi cac nfi dung khac bift giiia cic nbdnL Miic df tuong quan giiia cac nhin td vi nbdm ciing dupe xem xdt dd dinh gii nhiing didm tuong ddng vi khac bift frong nhin tbiic giua cic nbdm Tfadng qua vifc tfaue faifn pfauong phip phin tich nhin td, phuong phip xoay varimax vi tinh toin cicP^sd nhin td, ba nhdm y kidn kbic vd eic vinlflien quan ddn sii dung lao ddng ndng thdn di dupe nhin difn (Bang 1) Trude bdt 19 ngudi tham dy frdng nfadm (ed pfauong sai ldn nhit 23%) die bift quan tim ddn kbd khin Idn nhit ddi vdi vifc t90 vifc lim, chuydn ddi nginh nghd cuafaoddng ndng thdn li "trinh dd lao dfng thip" 0^ trinh biy sd vdi gii tri -i4) Cy tbd hon vi ding gin vdi khd khin niy chinb Ii vin dd chua dupe dio t^o nghd hoic nginh nghd dio t^o khdng phii hpp Ooi trinh biy sd 15 vdi gii tri •^3) Nfadm ciing quan tim den vin dd kfad khin frong tieu thy sin phim lim Gdi trinh biy sd vdi gii tri +3) Hp cbp ring nhiing khd khin vd didu kifn ta nhien d ndng thdn hifn cd thd thay ddi dupe (ldi tiinh biy vdi gii tii -3) Die bift nhiing ngudi tham dy thufc nbdm da rat khdng ddng y vdi y kidn cbo ring thdi quen sin xuit eu vi vin dd sin xuat theo phong trio li khd khin ldn ddi vdi vin dd tao vifc lim, chuyen ddi nganh nghd cho lao dfng Qdi binh biy sd 11 vdi gfa hi -4) Theo hp, cac giai phip mong mudn dupe hd frp chuydn giao vd khoa bpc ki thuit cung cip thdng tin vd vifc lim, lao dfng cho khu vyc ndng thdn Odi binh biy gii tri -1-3) cung nhu hd trp xuit khau fao dfng, diu ta cfao doanfa nghifp ndng thdn Odi tiinh biy 10 va 18 vdi gii tii + 2vi +3) Nd cbo thiy chidn lupe bd trp va day m^nh xuit khiu lao dpng d cic dja bin ndng thdn hidn dang li giii phip quan trpng mangfaihidu iing ticb eye Ddng thdi nd cung cbo thiy sy h^n chd va thidu eic doanh nghifp san N6NG Hi- xuat kinh doanfa dau ta vio cac dfa bin ndng tbdn nfauThiia Thien - Hud hifn Tidp theo, 19 ngudi tfaupe nhdm (chidm 15% tdng phuong sai) fai die biet quan tim ddn nguyen nban din ddn tinfa trang khd khin frong vifc lim, thu nhap cua ngudi fao dpng ndng tfadn la khd khan bong tieu thu sin phim lim Qdi trinh biy sd vdi gfa tri +4) Tuong hi nhu nfadm 1, nhung ngudi tfaudc nfadm chii y ddn cac kfad khan Uen quan ddn trinb dp fao ddng ndng tfadn tfaip (ldi trinfa biy sd vdi gfa tri +3) vi vin dd kbuydn kfaich dau ta, fad trp cac doanh nghifp b cac dfa bin ndng thdn Qdi trinb biy sd 18 vdi gia bi +3) Vifc cho ring didu kifn ti; nhien fa kfadngfadkfad kfain Odi trinfa biy sd vdi gfa tri -4) cdng vdi vifc xem ting ndng tfadn fa kfad kfain ldn Odi trinfa biy 19 vdi gii bi +3) ciia nfadm dupe cfao fa cd su phin hda vd m$t linh tfad frong sd nfaiing ngudi tfaam gia sip xdp miu Q Rd ring nfaidu dfa bin ndng thdn cd didu kifn ta nhien rat tdt nhung fai kbd khin vd ting (cie vimg midn niii, vimg siu, vimg xa) Dd ciing cd cho nhin dinh niy d nhdm cd them kdt qui dia ldi tiinh biy 11 vdi gfa fri +3 Cic tbinh vien nhdm cbo ring thdi quen sin xuat cii d ndng thdn dang li mft rio can, dupe xem nhu fa khd khin tuong ddi ldn ddi vdi dfa bin ndng thdn vifc chuydn ddi nginh nghd chofaoddng Nhdm bao gdm 13 ngudi cdn fai (chidm 11% phuong sai), da ed sy tuong ddng vdi nhdm cbo ring trinh dd fao dfng ndng thdn thip dang li rio cin vi khd khan Idn nfait hidn d ndng thdn frong vifc ning eao hifu qui sir dyng fao dfng Odi trinfa biy vdi gii fri +4) Rieng nfadm niy cd nhidu sy kfaic bift so vdifaainfadm fren lien quan ddn vifc cfao ring didu kifn ta nfaien vi ty lifu sin xuit d ndng tfadn gip nhidu khd khin, ban chd (ldi tiinb biy sd vdi gfa hi +3) Kdt hpp vdi cic kdt qui khic cd thd khing dinh su phin hda vd linh thd cua cie ddi tupngfrpngcic nbdm tham gia sip xdp miu Q - li rd Khi nhdm cho ring didu kifn ta nhien vi ta lifu san xuit khd khin ed thd lifn quan ddn su thu hep eiia difn tich dit dai dd thi hda Nd cho thiy nhiing ngudi niy phin bd d dfa bin ndng thdn phu cin dd thi Didu dupe ding cd vi cd CO sd rd bon nhdm cho ring khd khin vd tang ndng tbdn fa vin dd hoan toin cd thd dupe giii quydt Odi binh biy 19, gfa bi 4) Cimg vdi dd nhdm cflng cho ring vifc khd khin vd vdn khdng phii fa van dd qua ldn Odifrinhbiy 6, gfa tq -2), vifc diu ta NGHllP VA PHAT TRIIN NONG THdN - KY - THANG 9/2016 23 **»w«'^ KHOA HOC C d N G N G H | cho doanh nghifp ndng thdn cflng nhu van dd did ndng tfadn faifn Kfad khan cd sy tiiong ddn tap ngfad kfadng nim eae giai pfaip dupe nfadm tuong ddi nCta li vin dd tifu thy san phim lim la i lya cfapn ddfadfryOdi tiinfa b ^ 12 va 18, gfatii-3) eae dfa bin ndng thdn Odi binh bay sd 7) Khd khii kfai tfaue td khu vye ndng tfadn can dupe dd tfai fada niy di dupe nhic nhidu bong flidi gian gin diy M da dupe cie doanfa ngfaif phit bidn, vifc dao tao ng^fn eiiu ciing cho thiy vife thio gbviaii ng^d cung tfauin M faon niy dang fa mit xich quanti-pngtrong bii toin IM Vin ddtidptfaeo fa dinh gfa sy tuong ddng va vifc lim, chuydn ddi nginh n ^ d vi diy ni^nh san khac bift lya chpn eiia eae nfadm lien quan ddn xuit d cic dia bin ndng tbdn Ca nbdm cung cbo nfaflng kfad khin ndi bit aia fao ddng ndng thdn ring khd khin vd vdn li khdng qui ldn d dia ba cflng nhu eic nguy^ vpng, mong mudn dupe hd trp ndng tbdn Nd phin inb tfaue bangfasytiehMy vi Vd sy taong ddng, ed thd nhin tiiay nbdm ddu vdn cho sin xuat d ndng tfadn cung di dupe cii quan tim nbidu ddn chit lupngfapddng ndng thdn tfaifn Cung vdi dd cic cfainfa sicfa hd bp vdn cho thip nhufa1 khd khin vi canfrdIdnfaifnnay khu vye ndng thdn eua Nha nude di cd nhung tin vin dd ning cao hifu qui su dung fao ddng ndng hifu tich eye Qdi binh biy sd 6) Dua frfn nhiing o$i tfidn Odi trinfa biy sd 3) Vi viy, eic gpi y vd chinb dungflidngnhit niy, cic nhi hoach dinh chinh sich sich vi giii pfaip fa kfai rd, ddfatieptacday manfa cd tfad dua nfaiing chinb sich va bifn phip c^ cie efauong binfa, kdfaogcfadd diy manfa dio tao thidt phii hpp vdi mong dpi ciia ngudi lao dfng ngfad, ning cao chit lupng fao ddng d eic dia bin STT Ndi dung ldi trinh biy tifu bidu* Nhdm Nhdm Nhdm Khd khan hifn bang v^di tao vifc lam, chuyin dii nginh nghi li binh dp lao dpng ndng thdn tb^ Thiiu vin vi thd bic vay vdn cda lao dpng ndng thdn dangli khd khan ldn -2 11 Thdi quen sin xuit ca lam dieo phong bao dang Id khd khan Idn cho vifc -2 thay ddi ho9t ddng sin xuit, kinh doanb ondngthdn Khd khan bang tifu dip sin phim lam Diiu kifn br nhifn khd kbSn brlifu sin xuithpn chi -3 -4 19 Ha ting dndng didn (difn dudng) cdn thiiu vi chit lupng kim Khdng duac hdtrpvUdOiuit, tiidng bntiiibudng tiidngbn vifc lim 12 Chua dupcddo t?o nghi va nganh nghi dao t?o khdngphd hpp -3 10 Mong mudn dupe hdbpdi tiiam gia xuit khiu lao dpng -2 -2 18 Oiuyin khich va hdbp cdc doanh nghifp diu brsin xuit kinh doanh ddia -3 bin ndng thdn * ^ trinh bay cdbisd cao ddi vdi bit nhdm nio ba nhdm dupe dio t9o nghd hoic dio tao chua phii hpp Ii vin Sy miu ttiuin vi bit ddng quan didm xay dd Idn tiii nhdm lai khdng cho ring ddfavin di gifla cic nhdm ben quan ddn eic vin dd nhu khd khd khin vi vin dd phai duoe quan tim Tuong tu kfain vdfaating Odi binfa biy 19) Trong kfai nfadm nhu viy vifc nhdm vi nhdm khdng quan tim ddn khdng cd y kidn tiii nhdm cho ring diyfakhd khan Idn vi nhdm 3faicho ring vin dd niy khdng xuit khiu lao dfng flii nfadm lai cfao rang dd la phai fa khd khin Idn Nd chd tiiiy su phin hda kha hudng gfai pfaip quan frpng Nfau viy, d khfa canh no vd matfanhflidaia eic nhdm ddi tapng dcac dia chinh sich vi eic gfai pfaip xay dyng ehp dfa ban bin ndngflidn.Vi viy cic chinh sich vd diu ta ndng flidn, vifc kfapanfa vimg vd nfat linhflidcin l i f ' t ^ ^ ^ Wii vd cic dfa phuong Cflng ndn cd su dupe tinh ddn dd edtiidxic djnfa cfainh xic cic kho ^ bd cho Phil bpp hontoyvao didu kifn oi tfid khin ttiye sy vi eic nhu ciu cin hdfrp.Didu la bdt siie cinttiidtkhi lao dfng ndngflidnnude ta noi ^ ^ ^ - ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ * ^ - ^ kha rd kfai ehung, ndng ttidn eic dfa pbuong ndiriengtiiudng t ^ **' ^i:^ a cac vin dd lien quan ddn dio bao pbli fren mft dfa ban fanh ttid rdng Idn Chi cd t?io nghd, xuat khiufaodpng vi hd bo doanh nghien nong tiidn Trong nfadm cho ring vifc c h S nhu viy chung ta mdi dua dupe nhflng gfai phip phu hpp, cdtinhttiidtttiyccao 24 N6NG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRI^N N N G T H N - KY - THANG 9/2016 I_ KHOA HOC C N G NGHt Brown, Steven R {1980) Pohbcal 4.KfTUlM Pbuong phap Q-sort da dupe sir dung de phit subjectivity New Haven, CT: Yale University Press available on tfae Qmefliod hifn vi phin loai quan didm/nhin thiie cfau quan Now Click on eua eic ddi tupng Uen quan vd cie van dd su dyng webpage http://qmethod.org/about: hpp ly, hifu qua ngudn fao ddng d dfa bin ndng Tutorials and then on Links Alternatively, go thdn Thdng qua vifc thyc faifn pfauong pfaip pfain tn http://qmethod.org/papers/Rrown-1980tich nhin td, xoay varimax v i tinfa toin eic hi sd PoliticalSiibjectivitv.pdt nhin td, ba nhdm quan didm/nhin thiie khac Block, Jack (1961/1978) The Q-sort metiiod vd sii dung fao dpng ndng thdn da dupe nhin difn in personahty assessment and psychiatric Kdt qui pfain ticfa da chi nhung diem tuong ddng researeA Springfield, IL Charles C Thomas, frong nhin tfaiie vd eic van dd sit dyng hpp ly, hieu (reprinted in 1978 by Consulting Psychologists qui ngudn fao dfng d dfa bin ndng thdn giua eic Press, Palo Alto, CA) Avaifable for download nhdm ngudi tham du Ddfacic khd khan vd trinfa dp at http://www.qmetbod.org/articIes/jack block.pdf lap ddng ndng tfadn cdn tfaip, kfad tieu tfau sin pfaim b ndng thdn, vin dd phin hda vd mit linh tfad d cic Donner, Jonathan C (2001) Using q-sorts in dfa bin ndng thdn frong cic khd khin v i nguydn participatory processes: An infroduction to tfae vpng, mong mudn dupe hd frp methodology In Social Analysis: Selected Tools and Nhiing kdt qui nghien eiiu fren cung cip co sd Techniques {Social Development Papers Number ehp eic nhi hoach dinh chinh sich tidp tac nghien 36 pp 24-59) Washmgtim DC: Tfae World Bank, ciiu dd dua nhung chinh sich va bifn phip de six Social Development Department Available also dyng hpp Iy, hifu qui ngudn fao dpng d dfa bin at http://siteresoiirces.worIdbank.org/lNTCDD/Re ndng thdn, phu hpp vdi mpng dpi eiia ngudi din Nghien cuu niy cflng cho thiy dd tin ciy vi MuUer, Florian H & Kals, EUsabetti (2004, ning ling dyng rdng rai eiia phuong phip Q-sort Mai) Die Q-Methode Ein innovatives Verfahren zur frong cic nghien ciiu vd quan didm, nhin tbiic v i y Erbebung subjektiver Einstellungen und Meinungen [Q-Sort Technique and Q-Methodology: Innovative kidn chii quan Se tidp tac dinh gii lpi ich dia for Examining Attitades and phuong phip niy dd md rdng ning irng dung Methods Opinions] Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / cua nd frong cac nghien ciiu kinh td - x i hdi Forum: Qualitative Social Research [On-line TAlUtUTIUMniAO Art 34 Available: Tdng cue Thdng ke (2014) Nidn gidm Joumal], 5(2), http://vyww.quaIitative-research.net/fqs-texte/2Thing ki 2013, Hi NpL 04/2-04mueIlerkaIs^l.hbn STUDY OPINIONS AND PERCEPTIONS RELATED PARTIES ON DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY RURAL EMPLOYER Vo Huu Hoa Summary This paper demonstrates how Q-sort methodology, a technique for systematically andrigorouslyrevealing subjective perspectives, can be used for studying related parties on difficulties and solutions to improve efficiency rural employer (a case study in Thua Thien-Hue province) The Q factor analysis and varimax rotation revealed three factors that represented three deferent perceptions regarding issues of related parties on difficulties and solutions to improve efficiency rural employer The Q factor analysis also outhned areas of consensus and contention among three groups by investigating thefactorscores across factors These results have implications for advancing suitable policies and measures for related parties on ifficulties and solutions to improve efficiency rural employer, and provided hypotheses for follow-up studies Keywords: Q-set, MQ method, rural labor, difBcult, policy Ngudi phin bifn: GS.TS Nguyin Vin Song Ngiy nfain bii: 5/02/2016 Ngiy flidng qua pfain bifn: 14/3/2016 Ngiy duyft dang: 21/3/2016 , N N G NGHliP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY - THANG 9/2016 25 ... CdNG NGHf tfaiic, quan didm aia ngudi lao ddng ndng tfadn, cic nfai quan ly cfainfa quydn cac cip - cie cfauyfn gia vd quan Iy cfauyen nganh va dai difn cac don vi sir dyng lao ddng d dia bin... ngudi quan vd kfad kfaan vi cic giii phip nhim ning cao hifu qua sir dyng lao dfng ndng thdn d tinh Tfaiia tham dy sip xdp eic npi dung miu Q, tir dd thu tbip dii lifu vd quan didm chii quan ciia... bin ndng thdn Tfaiia Tfaien - Hud vd nfaiing khd khan cua ngudi lao ddng, cie khd khin vifc quan ly vi ning cao bifu qua su dyng lao dpng d ndng tbdn, cic nguyen vpng vi mong mudn dupe bd trpdd