-: '^tfl NGHIEN Clfu - TRAO BOI VAN DE VIEC LAM D6I vai SINH VIEN VA NHO'NG KliN NGHj CU THE I CN NGUYEN THJ TAI (*) T M TAT vdn de birc xuc vd ndi com hiin xd hpi Id tinh trgng nhieu sinh vien sau tdt nghiep trudng khdng tim duac vi$c ldm hogc tim vi?c ldm khdng dung ngdnh nghe Chinh vi vdy tgo viec ldm cho sinh vien Id mpt vdn de nan gidi cdn dupe quan tdm hdng ddu ddy Id viec ldm hit sue quan trpng khdng nhiing ddi vdi sinh vien, gia dinh, nhd trudng md cdn cd y nghia ldn ddi vdi xa hdi, thdng qua ngudi lao dpng tich cue tham gia vd khdng dinh su ddng gdp cua minh ddi vdi phdt triin kinh te xd hdi eua ddt nu&c Vgy nguyen nhdn ndo ddn den tinh trgng tren vd bien phdp hau hieu ndo de giup sinh vien tdt nghiep trudng sdm cd viec ldm? Tir khda: niin, viic ldm sinh vien, lao dpng SUMMARY The main issue in today's society is the status of jobless students after graduation or they not work with their majors Therefore, to create jobs for students is a top problem, this is very important work not only for students, families and schools, but also of great significance to society, through which employees actively participate and assert their contribution to the socio-economic development of the country So what causes the above state and what effective ways help graduates find jobs soon? Keywords: adolescent, job, student, labor Ddt vdn d i Trong nhung nam gdn day, mac du tinh trang chdt lupng chuyen mdn eua ngudi lao ddng khdng ngirng dupe ndng cao nhung tinh trgng thiiu vide ldm van ddng bao ddng Cd mdt nghich ly rdt ddng quan tdm Id viec tuyin dyng Iao ddng ddp ung nhu cdu cua doanh nghidp ngdy cang khd khan hon, thi lupng sinh vidn tdt nghiep tu cdc trudng dai hpc ngdy cang tang, ddn din sinh vidn khdng tim dupe vide lam ngdy cdng nhiiu, mdt bp phgn sau tdt nghidp dgi hpc dam nhdn cdc cdng viec khdng cdn bdng cdp, hien tupng sinh vidn sau tdt nghiep ldm cdng nhan, * ) P ^ rTiWongphongOLBTvaCTHSSVi Tnrcmg DH KTCN LA hodc lam cdc cdng viec khdng can ddn trinh dp dgi hpc khdng cdn xa lg Vi the, Hdi nghi ldn thii bdy Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang khda X da ban hanh Nghi quyet vd "Tang cudng sy lanh dao cua Ddng ddi vdi cdng tdc nidn thdi ky ddy manh edng nghidp hda, hien dgi hda" Nghi quyet da danh gia, phan tich thyc trgng va dinh hudng ydu cdu tdp trung cao giai quydt nOi dung hdt sire quan trpng ve mdt sd van d i lao ddng va vide lam cho nidn Tdm lgi, tgo viec lam cho ngudi lao dpng ndi chung va sinh vien sau tot nghidp ndi rieng Id mot vdn de can dupe NGHIEN CUU - TRAO BOl quan tdm hang ddu Tuy nhien, diiu dd khdng the giai quyit mpt sdm mdt chieu, ma day Id van de xuyen sudt cua xa hpi tir thdi ky qua thdi ky khdc, cdn duoc Nhd nudc quan tam gidi quyit Trong bdi viit, cd nhdn tdi xin duoc ddng gdp mpt vai y kiin, hy vpng cd the gdp phdn han chi tinh trang thdt nghiep ciia sinh vien sau tdt nghiep hidn Npi d u n g 2.1 Nguyen nhan ddn ddn tinh trang sinh vien thdt nghidp ThU nhdt Trong bdi cdnh tinh hinh suy thoai kinh te todn cau va khu vyc cang khd khan cho nen kinh te nudc, nhidu doanh nghiep phai giai thd, thu hep sdn xudt phai cat gidm lao ddng da lam mat viec hang ngdn tao ddng Thti hai Ben cgnh dd, vide thdnh lgp qud nhieu trudng Dai hpc lam cho lupng sinh vidn trudng qua ddng va cac ca sd ddo tao ndy chua quan he chat che vdi thi trudng lao ddng cung nhu chua nam bat nhu cau tuyen dyng vd thieu thdng tin du bdo ngudn nhdn lyc, ndn ngudn nhan luc dupe ddo tao chua ddp ling dupe yeu cau cdng vide Thu ba Nguydn nhdn niia la sinh vien sau tdt nghidp chua the ldm dupe edng vide chuyen mdn, hdu het sinh vien thiiu ky ndng va phdm chdt nghi nghidp, cdn limg tiing dp dyng ly thuydt vao thyc te, yeu kem ve ngoai ngu, tin hpc 2.2 Thyc trgng vide lam cua ngudi Iao ddng hipn Trong qua trinh ddy manh cdng nghipp hda, hidn dai hda ddt nudc vd hdi nhdp qudc td thi lyc lupng nien Id luc lucmg lao ddng ldn ciia xa hdi va la ngudn lyc quan Hang nam co khoang 1,2 ddn 1,6 trieu nidn budc vao tudi lao ddng Theo kdt qua didu tra lao ddng va vide ldm toan qudc cua Bp Lao ddng - Thuong binh vd Xa hdi [1], sd lupfng va ty Ip nien tham gia hogt ddng kinh td tang deu tir nam 2008 din Nam 2008, sd nidn boat ddng kinh td cua ca nudc la ban 16 trieu ngudi, chiem 67,2% tdng sd nien (38,7% lyc luang Iao ddng xa hpi); nam 2009, sd nidn hogt dpng kinh td tang thdnh gan 18 trieu ngudi, chiim 75,4% tdng sd nien (36,6% lyc luang lao ddng xa hdi); nam 2010 sd la 17,1 tripu ngudi, chiim 75,9% tong sd nien (33,7% luc lupng lao ddng xa hdi) Trinh dp chuyen mdn, ky thudt nghidp vu, ky ndng lao ddng cua nien tham gia hogt ddng kinh te cdng tang cao Lyc lugng lao ddng la nien ed trinh dp trung cdp chuyen nghiep tang tir , % (nam 2008) len 6,2% (nam 2009) va 6,5% (ndm 2010); cd trinh dp cao dang, dai hpc tdng nhanh tir 5,5% (nam 2008) len 7,8% (nam 2009) va 8,7% (nam 2010) Mdi ndm cd tu 70.000 80.000 sinh vien he Cao ddng vd 143.000 - 160.000 sinh vidn Dai hpc tdt nghidp, bd sung cho luc lupng lao dpng xa hdi Tuy nhien, ty le lao ddng dang lam vide da qua ddo tao thdp nhdt d hai vimg Ddng bdng sdng Ciiu Long vd Tay Nguyen (tuang iing la 8,6% vd 10,8%) va cao nhdt d hai trung tdm kinh te - xa hdi ldn nhdt cua cd nudc la Ha Ndi va thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh Ty trpng lao dpng dang Idm vide cd trinh dp dgi hpc trd len khac ddng kd giiia cac vung Ha Npi vd thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh Id nhiing noi tap trung -•iJJJJ!IMHIitJJJ.BIB!BBlgl nhidu nhdt lao dpng dang lam vide cd trinh dp dai hoc trd len (tuong irng la 17,1% va 17,4%) Theo thdng kd kit qua ban ddu cua diiu tra qudc gia "Chuyin tiip tir trudng hpc tdi vide ldm" Td chiic Lao dpng Qudc t i (ILO) tiin hanh dau ndm 2013 cd t h i tim dupe viec lam tdt hon Theo kit qua dieu tra trdn todn qudc, cii 10 ngudi thi cd ngudi lam nhiing cdng vide khdng chinh thiic vd mdt mia sd hp c6 vide ldm khdng thudng xuydn (viec ty ldm hodc hpp ddng tgm thdi) Diiu tra khodng thdi gian tir Ngdy hpi viec ldm tai Tneang DLA vua dupe cdng bd thi men Viet Nam dp tudi tir 15-29 dang qua trinh tim viec, phai mat trung binh nam de vat ldn tim kiem mot cdng vide dn dinh hoac ldm hp hai long Kdt qud cac cupc dieu tra cho thdy, phdn Idn nien Viet Nam (59%) da hodn thdnh qua trinh chuyen tiep tu hpc tap sang thi trudng lao ddng, tim dupe cdng viec dn dinh hoac vide ldm tam thdi Tuy nhien, van cd khodng 23% cac ban tre chua bat dau qua trinh chuyen tiep, chii yeu vi hp vdn dang di hpc Trong sd cdc nien dd hoan thdnh qua trinh chuyen tiep, 50% da tim dupe viec lam dn dinh, dd, so cdn lai phai trdi qua nhung cdng viec tgm thdi ma khdng hai ldng hogc ldm viec khdng luong cho gia dinh trudc nidn rdi trudng hpc ddn cd duoc cdng viec dn dinh (vide lam cd thdi gian hpp ddng tren 12 thang) cho thay, xudt hidn tinh trang trinh dp ddo tgo cao han so vdi yeu cdu cdng viec Cli 10 nidn 15-20 tudi lai cd ngudi cd trinh dp cao han yeu cdu ciia cdng vide, khidn thu nhgp cua hp thap hon miic ddng le hp cd thi dupe hudng va hp khdng the tan dyng todn bd tiem nang nang suat lao ddng cua minh Cudc didu tra ciing chi rdng, mdt bp phdn ldn nien Viet Nam phdi lam nhiing cdng vide nang sudt thdp dang cd tdc dpng tdi tiem nang tang trudng ciia qudc gia Ddy thyc sy Id mdt moi lo nggi ldn ddi vdi thi trudng lao ddng tre Viet Nam Theo Gidm ddc ILO Viet Nam Gyorgy Sziraczki, nidn Viet Nam cdn dupe ho trp d i cd mdt qud trinh chuyin tiip sang thi trudng lao ddng thudn lpi han Diiu ddng thdi se giiip ddt nudc "gidi phdng tdi da tidm nang cua nidn" Theo dng Gyorgy Sziraczki, mdi lidn he giua giao due ddo tao, tang trudng xudt khdu, da dgng hda n i n kinh t i vd viec tao them viec ldm tdt tgi Viet Nam can dupe ddy manh Nhirng chinh sdch hudng nghiep, tu vdn viec lam, thdng tin thi trudng lao ddng va dich vu vide ldm cd thd giiip qud trinh chuyin tidp tir trudng hpc tdi thi trudng lao ddng trd nen thudn lpi ban Trong dd, hien nay, theo nhirng kit qua ban ddu ciia cudc didu tra cho thdy, phuang phap tim viec phd bidn nhdt cua cac bgn tre la "hdi ban be, ngudi than va nhung ngudi cd kinh nghipm" chudn dd ddnh gid kha nang ddo tao cua cac trudng Cao dang vd Dai hpc hidn nay, ban chi tinh trgng cd qud nhidu trudng duoc thdnh lap song chdt lupng dao tgo lgi thdp khdng dap iing duoc nhung tidu chudn xd hpi ddi hdi Vi phia dia phuang Mdt s6 k i i n nghi giiip sinh vidn c6 vifc tam Cd dupe viec lam sau trudng la udc mudn cua moi bgn sinh vien cdn ngdi trdn ghi nha trudng, nhung de CO CO hdi viec ldm rpng md thi khdng nhiing can co su cd gang cua cac bgn sinh vien ma cdn cdn sy cd gdng cua nha trudng vd eac cap quan ly Ve phia cdc ca quan qudn ly vd Bd Gido due vd Ddo tgo: Cdn nghien ciiu dd cd cdi nhin chiin lupc ldu dai theo sy bidn ddi cua ddt nudc, tir dd se gidm tinh trang sinh vidn ngdnh thi thira ngdnh lai thiiu De ldm tdt vide thi cdn ed nhieu su tinh todn phan tich ti mi cua cde nhd qudn ly Nghien ciiu sy thay ddi biin ddng cua nin kinh t i , co cdu nganh nudc de tu dd cd mpt tam nhin chien lupc, mdt gidi phap hieu qua thuc day ndn kinh te phat tridn Dao tgo mdt ngudn lao dpng chat lupng phu hpp vdi sy phdt triin cua nen kinh te vd can c6 mpt tidu Viec dao tao cdn mang tinh iing dung thuc te, tranh tinh trgng sinh vien sau trudng van chi cd mdt lupng kidn thiic Iy thuyit ma chua biet dp dung nhu the nao? De lam dupe dieu do, theo tdi, ndn tgo dieu kien cho sinh vidn dupe tiep xiic true tiep vdi cdng vide thyc tidn cua cac doanh nghidp, phai cd sy lien ket giiia nhd trudng vd doanh nghiep, giiip sinh vidn cd didu kidn tidp xiie true tiep doanh nghidp hpc hdi kinh nghidm thuc td vd nhiing ky ndng can thidt de sinh vidn dap iing vdi vi tri cdng vide dupe tuydn dyng, nha trudng nen dua vdo nhu cdu tuyen dyng tuong lai cua doanh nghiep dd dd chi tieu tuyen sinh vd nganh nghd ddo tao cho phii hop Tdng cudng chat che ban nua mdi quan he giua cyu sinh vidn vdi nha trudng de td chiic nhung budi hpi thdo trao ddi kinh nghiem giiia ly thuydt vd thyc tien Ddy la cau ndi viing chdc rdt thidt thyc va hieu qud Sd Kd hogch vd Ddu tu chii tri, phdi hpp vdi Sd Ndi vy, Sd Lao ddng Thuang binh va Xa hdi,*Sd Gido dye vd Dao tao cung cdc don vi lien quan, can cu vdo quy hoach phat trien nhan lyc ciia tinh giai doan 2011-2020 dd d i phuong an bd tri vide ldm cho nhtrng sinh vien that nghiep, xem xet nhu cdu, thdng ke tung nganh hpc, bdc hpc nham cd phuang an bd tri hpp ly nhdt; lam de vita khdng lang phi ngudn nhan lyc vira giai quyit dupe viec lam Vephia nhd trudng NGHIEN c i i u - T R A O DOI V i tdng thi xa hdi, ve su hop tdc ndy cho phep tang hieu qua ddu tu xa hpi giao due vd dao tao ndi ridng ddu tu phdt triin ndi chung, giam bdt tinh trgng that nghiep Vi phia cdc td chiic dodn thi, doanh nghiep Cdc doanh nghidp can tao diiu kien, giiip cho sinh vidn nhieu co hdi de tiep can vdi cdng viec Tir dd sinh vien se cd the ddng gdp cdng siic va gan bd vdi cac doanh nghiep hon Tao mdi lien he chgt che va hipu qud Ben cgnh cdn cd mdt cdu ndi linh hogt hieu qud giua cdc trung tdm gidi thieu viec lam dd sinh vien thudn lpi hon viec tim kiem cdng viec phii hpp vdi ban than Ve phia sinh vien Ngay tir bay gid cdc sinh vien ty trang bi cho minh mdt nin tang kien thirc vung chac, ngodi ren luyen nhiing ky nang cd cdng viec vd cudc sdng Nd ciing Id mdt nhiing nhan td khdng thd ndo thiiu sinh vien tdt nghipp trudng Sinh vien c6 thi hpc cac ky nang ndy bdt ki dau Trong boat ddng giao tidp hang ngay, cdc td chiic, cac hogt dpng chung cua trudng (trong cdc cdu lac bd, cdc cudc thi ) Tat ca ddu tgo cho sinh vien nhiing ky nang, sy ty tin, khd nang thich ling vdi cdng vipc vd mdi trudng mdi Ben canh mpt kiin thiic chuyen mdn sdu va chac chan, cde ban can co phdi cd kiin thiic v i ngoai ngir, tin hpc, kha nang lam vide theo nhdm, ky ndng Iam vide, each trinh bay dien dat tu tin, dam me nghi nghiep, nhiing ky nang mdm cdn thiit d i duong ddu vdi thu thdch cua cudc sdng Cdc sinh vien that nghidp khdng thd ngdi dd kdu ca ma tu thdn phai tim kiim mpt cdng viec nhd nhdt, tir dd tiep tuc phan ddu, xdc dmh ndng lyc ban than, trau ddi kien thirc, ky ndng de cd the tim duac mdt vide Idm phii hop sau Ket ludn Su nghidp ciia mdi ngudi la mpt qua trinh dai, cdng vipc ddu tien chi la vien ggch khdi dau Ci tirng cdng viec, bgn se hpc duoc cac ky ndng mdi cung nhu nang cao cac ky nang cu vd cupc sdng Id mdt the gidi cua nhiing sy lua chpn Budc vao cudc ddi, mdi ngudi se c6 mdt dudng rieng, mdt dinh hudng ridng Khdng quan trpng Id chiing ta nhgn dupe kit qua ndo, dieu quan trpng la chung ta quydt tam nhu the ndo vdi dudng da chpn Vay ndn, chimg nao chiing ta van cdn can dam vd dan than lya chon cua minh, chung ta cd quyen tin tudng vao mot tuong lai tdt dep vdi nhiiu ca hdi rpng md "Khi cdnh cira ldn ddng, khdng c6 nghTa Id kit thiic Hay md eac canh cua nhd hon de tim co hdi mdi" Tdi lieu tham khdo [1] Bd Lao ddng, Thuang binh vd Xa hdi (2013), QD 854/QD-BLDTBXH ve Phe duyet nghe trpng diem vd trudng duac lua chpn nghe trpng diim giai dogn 2011-2015 vd dinh hudng din ndm 2020 [2] (2008), NQ Hpi nghi ldn thir bdy Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang Ddng khda X [3] Thanh nien Viet Nam mdt ndm di tim viic dn dinh, vnexpress.net, chuyen myc Thdi sy ngdy 13/8/2013 NiGKlENCrr-TRAO BOI [4] Tot nghiep cang nhieu, thdt nghiep cang cao, tuoitre.vn, chuyen muc Giao due 26/12/2013 Ngaynhjn: 15/10/2013 Ngay duyft dang: 26/12/2013 ãôằã;ãã: