Giải pháp nâng cao thu nhập cho người nông dân vùng bị thu hồi đất trên địa bàn huyện phú lương, tỉnh thái nguyên

NguySu Thi Tta -niuong va Dig T ^ chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 152(07)/2:47 - 52 G U I PHAP N A N G C A O T H U N H ^ CHO NGlTcn NONG DAN VtiNG BI THU H I OAT TREN BIA BAN H U Y | : N PHU LlTOWG, TINH THAI NGUYEN Ngnyln Thj Thn Thmmg*, Bfli Ddc Linh Tnrdng Dai hoc Kinh te A Quan trj kinh doanh - DH Thai Nguyen TOMTAT Bdi Viet Sd dung phuong phap binh phuong nho nhit (OLS) d6 uoc Iuong ra6 hmh h6i quy nham xdc dinh cdc ygu to anh hudng den thu nhgp cda h6 nong dan vflng bj thu h6i dSt tren dia ban huyfin Phfl Luong, tinh Tlidi Nguyen tren co so- h | thdng du USu so c ^ thu thdp tu 150 none h6 fflipc chpn ngSu nhien Ket qud udc lupng cho thiy cac y^u tfl nhu hg trp kinh phi dl hoc nghi viec ^ thfim sau bi thu hoi ddt, trinh dp hoc v ^ cua chfl hp, hS Uu vay v6n dl san xult kinh doanh, tham gia cau lac bfl, hop tdc xd sdn xudt, su dung s6 tifin dfin bfl td thu hfli dit dl diu tu cho san xudUamh doanh vd dign tfch ddt bj fliu h6i c6 anh hucmg din thu nhap ciia cac ho nflng dan biflmh6i ^ t r t n % bdn huyen Td d6, bai vifit dl xult cac giai phap nang cao diu nh&) cua nflng hp Tii- khfia: Thu hoi dai ndng hd, thu nhdp viec ldm Phu Luang, hdm Cobb - Douglas G l l THl£U Phd Lucmg la mdt huyen ndng nghifip thudc tinh Thai Nguyen, vdi t h i manh la san xuat ndng nghiep, daa biet la tr^ng Ida vk chan nudi gia sue, gia c^m Nhtmg cung vdi s\r phdt triln cda tinh, cdng vdi qufi trinh dd thi hofi ndng thdn, difin tich dat ndng nghidp cua huy§n ciing dang phai nhudng ch5 cho cac khu cdng n ^ i p p , khu thi va nha may mdi mpc Ien Ngudi ndng dan quanh nam chl bfim vdi dong rupng, ho^t ddng Iuc ndng nhan cua hp Cling ggn lien vdi cfinh ddng, thu n h | p chi tr6ng chd vao san xu^t ndng nghipp Viec san xuat l^i phy thupc phan Idn v^o tvt nhifin M§t khac, v i ^ thu hoi dat th^rc hipn khong tot da gfiy nhiing hfi qua xau nhu: khdng it ngudi ndng dan mat dat canh tac gap khd khan vipc chuyen doi nghi nghipp Gid mat dat, mat tu lifiu san xult, ndng dan khdng cd vipc lfim thu nh^p bip benh Do so tiln din bd vl hd trp thip, hon nda cd mpt bp phan ndng dan khong biet sd dimg so tien d i n bu, nfin sau tieu het khdng ngudn thu nh^p, ddi song khdng 6n djnh, t h ^ chi roi vao canh nghfio tiing Co mdt bp phan khdng cd vipc Ifim da sa dfi vao dudng kiem tien phi phfip hoiic mfic cac tfi nan xa hpi Chinh vi le dd, quan tfim mdt cfich d i y du den sir thay ddi cu^c song va thu nh$p ciia ngudi dan hi mat dfit duac xem nhu nin tang de phat trien khu cdng nghiep bin vung, phpc vu cho s y nghifip cdng nghiep hoa hiSn d^i hda nudc nhfi Vdi mpt huyen khd khan ve kinh te nhu Phu Luong, nang cao thu nh§p cho ngudi ndng dan mat dfit la mdt bfii tofin khdng d l gifii De giai quyet duipc vdn dfi nay, viec phan tich cfic yeu to anh hudng dfin thu nhiip cua ngudi ndng d&i bj thu hoi dit la mdt thfich thdc cila cfic nha khoa hpc vfi cac nha hoach djnh chinh sfich, vi se cung cfip nhihig luan cd khoa hpc cho cac chinh sfich d i n bu vfi giai phdng mat bang cho viing quy ho^ch cac khu, cum cdng nghifip Vi vay, bai viet dupc hinh vdi myc tieu d l trfin c a sd d l xult giai phap nang cao thu nhgp cho cac hp ndng dan hi thu h6i dfit d tmh Thai Nguyfin c a SCJ LY THUYET v A MO HINH NGHIEN c i r u Su thu hdi dit va di chuyen ch6 d cua ngudi dan cd the gay thifiu th6n nghiem trpng vfi nhung tdn hai v l kinh ti, xS hdi, moi trudng neu khong cd ke hoach hpp ly Theo ngan hang phfit trien chau A (ADB, 2005), dl trfinh hogc t6i thilu hda nhdng tdn that thyc hifin du fin thi vific thu h6i dfit va thuc hien tfii dinh cu Ifi khdng the trfinh khdi, nhflng du fin \gu;^Ti Th, Tliu Thuons v.- Drg Tap chl KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE na\ can duac len ke hoach \ a thuc hien nhu chucmg uinh phat trien ADB chi rang nhirng ngudi anh huong phai duoc ho tra de ho cai thien muc song, hoac it nhat la phuc hoi cuoc song cua ho Theo ngan hang the gidl (VVB, 2004) phuc hoi thu nhap la mot phan quan ciia chinh sach thu hoi dat nhirng ngudi bi anh hudng mal di ca sd san xuat kmh doanh viec lam hoac cac nguon thu nhap khac Cac phuong an tao thu nhap bao gom tin dung true tiep doi vdi kinh doanh nho va tu lam, xay dung cac k\' nang thong qua dao tao Ira giiip viec tim kiem co hoi cac doanh nghiep nha nudc va tu nhan, uu tien doi vdi nhiing ngudi bi anh hirdng viec tu\en chon lao dong lien quan den du an hoat dong De nghien cuu, chung toi da su dung ham san xual Cobb - Douglas de phan tich tac dong cua cac nhan to den thu nhap hon hpp ciia cac ho nghien cuu Mo hinh co dang nhu sauThunhap Ten bien Ma hoa Diln B TDHV Trinh hoc van cua chu hp DTICH Dien Iich dai nong nghiep va phi nont; nghiep bi ihu h6i So iao dong cua ho So lien den bu ho su dung de dau iLT san \uat kmh doanh sau bl thu hoi ddl Ho trcr \ a> v6n de san xuat kinh doanh HTHN H6 tro kmh phi d^ hoe nghe Tham gia cau lac bo, hop lac Viec iam ihem sau bi thu hoi dai l52(07)/2:47-52 Trong mo hinh tren, THUNHAP la thu nhap trung binh ciia nong ho (trieu d6ng/thang) sau bl thu hoi dat {trong khong tinh tiln lai td tiet kiem) Y nghTa ciia cac bien va ky vpng ve dau ciia cac he so md hinh tren dupc trinh bay Bang 1, PHLTONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU So lieu sa cap dugc thu thap theo phuang phap ngau nhien phan tang tren dia ban huyen Phil Lucmg, tinh Thai Nguyen, D6i tugng dieu tra !a ngudi nong dan thupc ho co dat bi thu hoi tai xa la xa Scm Cam thi trfin Du va xa Dong Dat Mau khao sat bao goin 150 ho nong dan c6 dat bi thu hoi tai xa Thu nhap phu thugc vao tinh trang viec lam nhiing bien d6i ve tinh trang viec lam se anh hudng den tinh trang thu nhap Do phieu dieu tra tap trung chu yeu vao nhom doi tugng thuoc hp trung binh se phan anh tot nhat ve nhan thuc cua nhom doi tuang duac dieu tra ve anh huong ciia chinh sach den tinh trang viec lam ciia ngudi nong dan flcn vj lufrng Co tn so tuong img voi cap hoc cua chu ho Ngircri Tneu dong Co gia iri I neu ducrc va> cr cac to chuc tin dung va co gia tn la nguoc lai Co tn so la I neu ho nhan duoc khoan ho tro kmh phi di hoc nghe, va ia neu nguoc lai Co in so la neu ho co lham gia vao 16 hoac nhom hoSc cau iac bo, hop tac xa san xual lai dia phucmg va la Q neu nguoc la; Co Ul so la neu ho co viec lam them sau bi ihu h6i dat va la Ky vong vl dau ciia cdc hg so PI va Ol NguySn Th\ Tim -nnHmg va Dtg T ^ chi KHOA HQC & C N G NGHE Trfin ccr sd sd lifiu ibn tfa^ dtipc, bai viet sd dung phuang phfip thong ke mieu ta d l mo ta thyc trang cda cac ndng hd, sau dd su dung phuorng p h ^ binh phuong nhd nhfit (OLS) de udc lupng md hinh nhfim xac djnh finh hudng cda cac yeu to den thu nhfip cua cfic hd nong dan bi thu hdi dat tren dia ban huyfin KfiTQUA NGHIEN CtfU V A T H A O LUAN rAirc trgng lao dpng vi^c ldm vd doi' s^ng cda cdc hp thadc dien thu hdi dat tgi huyen Phu Lircmg Trong 150 hp dupc dieu tra tai dia diem la xE Son C ^ , till trfin Du va xa Ddng Dat, da s6 cfic hd ndng dan lam ndng nghiep t^i dia phuong cd muc thu nhap trung binh chiem ty 1§ 65%, viec lara nong vat va nhung hifiu qufi kmh te dem IEU cho ngudi san xuat chua thyc su cao Mpt bp phan ngudi nong dfin tien bp hon, biet ap dyng khoa hpc ky thuat vfio san xuat va ty tao them thu nhfip td nganh nghe khac thi cd mdc thu nhfip Ichfi hem, chiem ty 16 34% Mpt s6 it hp v l n tinh tr^ng khd khfin, dupc xep vao difin c§n nghfio t?i dja phirong, chiem 1% tong so hp dupc dupc dieu tra Chfit lupng nguon lao dpng lfi ndng dfin bj thu hoi dat t h i hi^n qua trinh dO van hda, trinh dd chuyen mon ky thufit va y thdc kJ' luat cua ngudi ndng dfin Trong so 150 ndng dan dupc khfio sfit d huyfin Phu Luang cho thfiy cd 53 ndng dfin chua tot nghipp PTTH chilm tJ 1? 35,3%, cd 97 ndng dan d^t trinh idp van hda 12 tren 12 152(07)/2:47-52 chiem ^ lfi 64,7% Trong tdng so 150 ngudi trfi Idi cau hdi vfi trinh dp chuyen mdn, cd tdi IDI ngudi chua du^c dao tJio, chiem 67,3% vfi 49 ngudi da hofic dang dupc dao tao chiem ty Ifi 32,7% Nghia la sau tdt nghiep thdng sau, ty !e ngudi ndng dfin dupc tiep tyc hpc nghfi cdn it di Vdi chat lupng lao dpng thap nhu vfiy, dfin dfin tinh trang neu co dupc tuyen dyng vfio doanh nghiep, ciing chi la lao dpng phd thdng nang sufit lao ddng thfip vfi hau qua Ifi thu nhfip thap, neu ty tao vific lam kha nang qufin ly ciia hp cung gap nhifiu khd khan Qua khfio sfit 150 hp ndng dan dupc din bd dat hi thu hoi cho bifit tdng so tien den bd la 60 285,77 trieu dong Bang cho thay, tdng sd tien ddo bu cho thu hdi dat, phin ldn dupc dem gdi tiet kiem chiem 42,7%, tilp dd la xay dyng va sda chda nha d chifim 31,71 %, Chi cd mdt phan nhd so tifin dfin bd dupc cac hp ndng dfin su dyng de dau tu xfiy dyng c a sd san xuat, mua mfiy mdc, cdng cy phyc vy chuyin ddi nghe nghifip chifim 4,05%, dau tu them phan bdn, phuang tien sfin xufit khfie chifim 4,17%, chi cho nghe nghifip d l chuyin ddi nghe n ^ i f i p chifim 5,73% Ket qud nghiSn cAu vd thdo lugn Bfii viet su dyng phuong phfip binh phuang be nhat (OLS) de udc lupng Mo hinh nhfim xfic dinh cac yeu td finh hudng din thu nhfip ciia hp ndng dfin sau bi thu hoi dit Kit qud phdn tich hoi guy Bfing Tinh hinh su dung lien den bit thu hoi ddl cua cdc hp ndng ddn Dan vj: trl$u ddng D^n bii d^t thu hdi vh si^ dving ti^n den bii T6ag s6 tiln din bil TronR d6, st ti^n den bii dupc sij dung viio: 0^u tu thdm phan bon, phirong tiSn san xuat khac Chi phi nghi nghi6p cho gia dhih de chuydn d6i ngh€ nghiep D&u tu x&y dung co sit siui xuat, mua may mt3c, c5ng cu phuc vv chuyin d6i nghi nghiip X&y d(mg v& siia chiia nha o Mua s&n phuong tien phuc vu sinh hoat nhu xe mdy, tivi, tu lanh Giii tilt kilm Chi tilu kh&c Tong so tiln 60285,77 % 100,00 Trung blnh 401,91 2513,53 3451,75 2440,28 4,17 5,73 4,05 16,87 23,01 16,27 19114,43 5476,65 25740,42 1544,25 31,71 9,08 42,70 2,56 127,43 36,51 171,60 10,36 Nguon: Theo kit qud diiu tra cUa tdc gid 49 n Th, Thu Thuona ^n Dig Tap chl KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Ihu nhap cua cac ho nong dan la: ho trp kinh phi de hpc nghe viec lam them sau bj thu hoi dat, trinh dp hoc van cua chu ho ho trg vay von de san xuat kinh doanh lham gia cau lac bo hap tac xa san xuat, su dung so tien den bil tir thu hoi dat de dau or san xufit kinh doanh dien tich dat bi ihu hoi Vdi nhung giai phap gop phan nang cao thu nhap cho ngudi nong dan \aing bi thu hoi dat tac gia ky vong cac CO quan ban nganh hiju quan va cac d6i tuong CO hen quan se nghien cdu va Ihuc thi nham nang cao thu nhap cai Ihien ddi s6ng cho ngudi nong dan bi thu h6i dfit tren dia ban huven thai gian loi 152(07V2; 47-52 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO i Ban boi thucmg giai phong mSt bSng huv?n Phu LuoTig (2012) Bdo cdo long kdl cong idc Bdi ihif&Jig gidl phong mai bdng ndm 2012 - 2014, Department for International Development (DFS) 1999), Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets i Ngan hang phat Ui^n Cbau A {ADB, 1995j Cdm nang ve Idi dinh cir Nguyln Lan Duyen (2014) " Cac yeu t6 anh huong den thu nhap cua nong hp d An giang", Tap chi Khoa hoc - 2014 Quyin (2) 63-69 Park, RE (1966) "Estimation with Heteroscedalic error terms", Economeinca, vol 34, no 4, October 1996 88S Phong Lao dong thuong binh xa hoi huyen Phu LuoTig (2012), Bdo cdo long kel cdng ldc Lao dong Thuang hinh Xa hoi nam 2012 - 2014 World Bank (2004), Involuntary Resettlement Sourcebook Planning and Implementation in Development Prjecls SUMMARY SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE FARMERS INCOME IN LAND ACQUISITION AREA IN PHU LUONG DISTRICT THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE Nguyen Thi Thu Thuong', Bui Due Linh Colhge of Economics imd Bimness Admmislralion »c,„,„„„„, , d S i o n "vel s Z n " ' " T " f" ™ " " ° " ' " " " ' " e "Il^-ijob after land solmions lo improve lhe income of households Ke, rds „ „ „ „ „ „ „ / , , „ , h,„,.ehold, ,c, jrHoang - TNU "'"^""^ "> ^>>' ã>