Cac yeu to' anh hu'dng den dong co lam viec cua nhan vien van phong cac doanh nghiep tai tinh Done Thap * CJ • NQUYfiH NGQC T R A N ' LE TH! LOAN" HO THI KHANH LINH"" Torn t ^ t Mue lieu eua nghien cUu id xde dinh ede yiu tddnh hUdng din dgng ca ldm viec cua nhdn viin vdn phdng cdc doanh nghiep tai ttnh Ddng Thdp Kit qud cho thdy, cd ye'u tddnh hudng den dgng ea ldm viec cua nhdn viin gdm: Tinh ehdt cdng viic, Tien luang vd Cdp trin Trong dd, yiu id Tien luang la ed dnh hudng nhieu nhdt vd yiu toTinh chdt edng viic co dnh hudng it nhdt Tff khoa: cdc nhdn to dnh hudng, nhdn viin vdn phong, tiin luang, tinh chdt cdng viec Summary The study is to identify factors influencing motivation of office workers in Dong Thap provincebased enterprises The result indicates three determinants which are Job characteristics Salary arui Superiors In particular Salary creates the largest impact while Job characteristics make the smallest influence on their motivation Keywords: influencing factors, office workers, salary, job characteristics DAT VAN DE Ddng cd Idm viec khdng phai Id mpt chd de mdi, nhffng no trd thdnh mdt vd'n de trung tdm dffdc quan ldm eua nhieu nhd khoa hpc tren the' gidi Bdi, ddng cd ldm vide la yen td' anh hffdng tri^c tie'p, quyeit djnh tdi sff edng hay tha't bai eua mdt td ehffc, doanh nghiep Mdl td chffe cd the dat dffde nang sua'l lao ddng eao cd nhffng nhan vien lam vide tich cffc vd sang tao Tuy nhien, dieu phu thudc v a o cdeh thffc vd phffdng phdp m a nhffng ngffdi quan Iy sff dung de tao ddng Iffc thuc da'y lam viee eho nhdn vidn D d Idm dffdc dieu ndy, ngffdi quan If can p h a i hi^u tdm If, ddng cd eua ngffdi lao ddng dd' tff dd ed ede bidn phdp tde ddng vdo dd'i tffdng de khai thde he't the m a n h , tidm ndng cua hp Nhimg, van J de dffde dat la Iam edeh nao d^ giup nhdn vien cd sff nhiet tinh, nhidt huyd't, niem dam me edng vide di giup doanh nghiep phdt t n e n manh Va ddc bidt Iam each nao de' nban vieii gan bd lau dai vdi doanb nghidp eua minh Hp cd the sdn sdng bd doanh nghidp cua minh bd't cff liie nao dd' de'n mdl doanh nghidp mdi ed muc tidu, muc dich ro rdng, tam nhin ldn vd cd cbe dp ffu dai, Iffdng bdng hau hinh Tff thffc lien tren, nhdn thffc dffpc tam quan trpng eiia edng tde tao ddng cd lam vide cho nhdn vien vdn phdng tinh hinb bien nay, nhdm tde gia dd tie'n hanh nghien cdu ve "Cde yiu tddnh hudng di'n dgng ca ldm viic eda nhdn viin vdn phdng cdc doanh nghiep lai ttnh Dong Thdp " , , , Ca_^ SO ,LV THUYET VA P H L / a N G P H A P N G H I E N CL/U Ca sd ty thuyet T h e o Jean Piagel (1981), ddng ed Id td't ed cde ye'u t d thuc day ca the hoat ddng nham dap ffng nbu cau 'ThS " T h S , "*ThS., TruSng D^i hoc Ddng Thap I Email: nntran@dthu.edu.vn Ngdy nhdn hai: 26/05/2017; Ngdy phdn bi?n 02/08/2017; Ngdy duyft ddng: 09/08/2017 85 Nghien cdu chinh thiic dffdc thffc hifn bdng phffdng phdp dinh lffdng thdng qua bdng cdu hdi chinh thffe da dffdc phat / D9ng CO trien tff qud trtnh nghien cffu dinh tinh, \ 1am viec vdi 32 cau hoi ve mffc dp ddng y va Ca hpi di^glien cdu Iffdng ddng cd Tde gid tidn hanh Tien luong \ nhan viSn phdng van 180 nhan vidn van phdng nhdn vien van phdng lam vide gid hanh Phtic l^i cap tren | chinh doanh nghiep, cdng ty hoac td cbffc, bao gdm nhan vidn cdp dffdi de'n nhdn vien cdp cao, nhutog khdng Moi tnrong lan viec bao gdm ehii doanh nghidp tren dia hdn tinh Ddng Thdp Bang phffdng phdp lay Mguon MhtJrri tac gia de wua mdu thuan tidn, sd Iffdng bang hdi dat va dinh hffdng cho hoat ddng dd Theo dd, nhiing dd'i chat Iffdng de dffa vao phan tich la 150, tffdng nao dffde phan dnh vao dc ta, ma cd tde dung dat yeu cau ve kich thffde mdu tdi thieu thde ddy hoat ddng, xdc dinh phffdng hffdng boat ddng Nghien cffu dffdc thffc hidn tff ihdng d^ thda man nhu cau nha't dinh thi dffdc gpi Id ddng ed 01/2017 dd'n thdng 04/2017 boat ddng Sau ma hda va ldm sach, dff heu Dd Vdn Phffe (2006) cho rang, ddng cd boat ddng dffde xff ly bdng phan mem SPSS 20.0 effa eon ngffdi la nhan to'dau tidn va quan trpng nhat Cde kd't qua phdn tich bao gdm: phan eua sff tham gia hoat ddng vd sff lieh cffc sdng iao tich dp tin cay thang (Cronbach's Nd dffde hinh tren cd sd tffdng tde ehii yeu cua Alpha), pban lich nhdn id' khdm pha ydu td: Nhu cau ngffdi; Kha ndng (trid'n vpng) (EFA), phdn tich hdi quy Trong do, thda man nhu edu; Ldi the ve ndng Iffe eiia ngffdi Phdn tieh md hinh hdi quy tffdng quan Nang Iffe la tdng hdp cdc yeu to' bao gdm gido due, nhdm gidi thieh bien phu thudc Y (Y: dao tao vd kinb nghiem De cai thien ndng Iffc thi can Ddng cd lam vide ciia nhdn vien) hi anh phai ed thdi gian Nhimg, ddng cd lam viec cua nhan hffdng bdi nhieu bien dpc Idp Xi (X|' vien ed the dffde ndng cao nhanh chdng thdng qua cdc bien gidi thich) chinh sdch ve quan Vy va dai ngd Nhff vdy, chung ta Phffdng trinh hdi quy tffdng quan c6 hoan loan cd the thu hiit, dinh hffdng boat ddng cho eon dang: Y = p + p X + p,X, + + p X ngffdi bdng edch tao nhffng khd nang, trien vpng vd Trong do: Xl': tdng" vide; X2? T^ien thffe tdthda man nhu edu cho ho Iffdng; X3: Phuc ldi; X4: Mdi irffdng lam D^ phdn lieh ddng ed Idm viec ciia ngffdi lao dpng, viec; X5: Dongngliiep; X6: Thdng tien; tde gia vdn dung mdt sd'quan diem cua A.H.MasIow X7: Cd'p trdn (1943) ve ed'p dp nhu cau ciia ngffdi, Mc Clelland, D C , & Burnham, D H (1976), thuye't Alderfer, C P KET QUA NGHIEN CLTU (1972), thuye't bai nban Id'ciia Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., Snyderman, B (1959), thuyet mong dpi eua Vroom, Kiim dinh thang dnh hiSng dgng V H (1964), thuyet vd sff edng bang cua Adams, J S cdldm vi^c (1963) va tham khdo mot sd dl tdi nghien cffti khdc Danh gia lin cay cua thang dffdc Trdn cd sd dd, nhdm tdc gia kd' thffa mdl so' bid'n ciia thffe bien nhd he so Cronbach's Alpha eae ngbien effu de' hinh thdnh cdc nhdm nhan td' ldc Ket qua pban tich eho thay, thang ddng de'n ddng cd Idm vide cua nhdn vien gdm ye'u dffa vdo kie'm tra, thi cd thang td: Tinh chat edng viee, Tien Iffdng, Phuc ldi, Cd hdi cd be sd Cronbach's Alpha ldn hdn 0,6, thang tien, Cd'p tren, Md'i quan he vdi ddng nghiep vd gdm cdc thang do: Tinh chdt cdng vide, Mdi trffdng Idm viee (Hinh) Phiic Idi, Ddng nghiep, Tien Iffdng, Cdp trdn va Cd hdi thdng tien Ngodi ra, he PhiiOngphdp nghien cdu so' tffdng quan vdi bien tdng cua cdc bi^n Quy trinh nghien cii\i dffdc thffe hidn qua hai bffdc: Nghiin cUu sa bg/Nghiin cUu dinh tinh: tim hilu cac thang diu dao ddng ttf thdng tin tff cde website ed lien quan dd'n ndi dung 0,490 den 0,800 Do dd, cdc bien cija nghidn eu\i, tai hdu gido trinh tham khao lien quan thang ndy diu dffdc giff lai vi ehung den de lai vd ede nghien cffti cd lien quan trffde dd dam bdo dp tin eay cua thang Rieng Bffdc nghien cffu nham kham phd nhffng nhdn td thang Mdi trffdng lam viec, thi cd he Hen quan den ddng cd Idm vide cua nhan vien, hieu sd Cronbach's Alpha la 0,517 nhd hdn chinh nhffng bie'n quan sdl dung dd' Iffdng cac nhan 0,6 va eac hd sd Cronbach's Alpha td nghien effu md hinh Qua dd, xay dffng bang loai bien deu nhd 0,6 Do dd, thang Mdi trffdng lam viec vd bien quan sdt edu hdi cbi tiet phuc vu eho nghidn cuXi djnh Iffdng HlMH: MO HINH MGHlEN CdO DE XdAT Tinh chat ^ ^ 86 \ y xl Mdl quan h^ ddng nghi?p cua thang se bi loai bd bffdc phan tieh EFA (Bang 1) Ddi vdi thang Ddng cd ldm vide dffdc lffdng bang bie'n quan sdt, cd he sd Cronbach's Alpha dat 0,798 va he sd tffdng quan bidn long ciia cdc bie'n cung khd eao tff 0,574 de'n 0,740 Vl vay, thang giff lai tat ed eac bie'n, vi chiing dam bao dd tin cdy Phdn tich EFA phffdng phdp hd sd' tin cay Cronbach's Alpha ta thdy, tff 32 bie'n ban dau chi cdn 28 bien dffde dffa vdo phan lieh nhdn id' Ket qud kid'm dinh sff Wdng quan giffa cdc bid^n, ta cd KMO la 0,868 > 0,5; Sig ciia Bartlett's Test Id 0,000 < 0,05 Sau xoay ede nhdn td vdi phffdng phdp Varimax vd thffc hien loai iln Iffdt cdc bie'n ed he sd lai nhdn id nhd hdn 0,5 vdi ldn phdn tieh nhdn id, dd Id bien CTI, CT4 DN4, TLl, TL2, TL3, MT4 Ke't qua phdn tieh EFA cho tba'y, 21 bid'n edn lai dffde chia Idm nhdm nhan id anh hffdng den dpng cd Iam viee Tdng phffdng sai trieh bang 76,788% cd ngbia nhan td' ndy giai thfch dffde 76,788% sff bien thien ciia dff lieu Cdc he sd' tai nhdn id' deu Idn hdn 0,5 ddpffngdu dieu kidn cua nghien ct?u (Bdng 2) Phan tich EFA eho bie'n phu thudc ta dffde hd sdKMO =0,664 vdi sig = 0,000< 0,05 vd nhdn td Tong phffdng sai rut trich Id 71,85% Phdn tich hdi quy Kiim dinh phu hgp cua md hinh: Ket qua phdn tieh ANOVA eho thay, gid tri Sig eua trj F md binh rd'l nhd (nhd hdn mffc f nghia a=5%), ndn ta cd the bdc bd gia thuye't H„ Tffc la cd il nhat mdt bien dde ldp dnb hffdng dd'n bien phu thude Md hinb hdi quy phu hdp vdi tdp dff lieu vd cd thi suy rdng cho todn tdng the Kit qud phdn tich hdi quy eho tba'y, he s^ xde dinh dilu chinh = 0,445 vd gid tri thd'ng ke F ed sig.=0,000 < 0,05 vdi dd tin cay 95% ehffng td cdc bid'n ddc Idp md hinh cd the gidi thich dffde sff bid'n thidn cua ddng ed Idm viec vd md hinh Id phil hdp vdi tap dff Hdu nghien cihi Sau loai bd nbdn tdX^, X^ X,, kd'l qud cho tha'y, cdc nbdn td X, X, X^ cd Sig < 0,05, chffng id yeu id" ndy ddu dnh hffdng de'n ddng cd Idm viec hdn nffa ddu cua cdc hd sd ddu dffdng, phu hdp vdi dd'u ky vpng Tff kd't qua trdn, phffdng trinh thi hidn cdc nhdn td' dnh Economj „.J Forecasi Review STT BANG 1: KET QQA PHAN TICH CRONBACH'S ALPHA CAC BIEN ANH HrfClNQ TCfl DONG Cd L A M VIEC ThaDE do^ Stf muc hoi H$ sd Cronbach's Alpha Tinh chat cong viec (CV) 0.825 Tien lifOng (TL) 0,819 Phiic ldi (PL) 0.861 Moi tnrdng lam viec (MT) 0,517 Moi quan he done nghiep (DN) 0,876 Cd hoi thang tien (TT) 0,836 Cap tren (CT) 0,877 Dong cd l^m viee (DCLV) 0.798 h g u o r Theo nghi6 Mhanttf XI X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 Y Xl X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 BANQ 2: CAC N H A N TO TRONQ MO HINH TgnnhSntS' Danb sach bi€ii Cap tren CT2, CT3,CT5,CT6, CT7 Thang tife'n TTI,TT2,TT3,TT4 Ti^n lifdng TL4, TL5, PL4 Dong nghiep DN1,DN2,DN3 Phuc loi PL1,PL2,PL3 Tinh chat cong viec CV1,CV2, CV3 Dong CO lam viec DCLV 1, DCLV2, DCLV3 BANG 3: KET QOA P H A N TJCH H I H^sd'hgi Hgsd'hSi quy chtfa quy chu^n Gia tri chWn hoa Bie'n sS" ki^m Saisd* H^sg* Beta djnht chuan (Constant) 060 ,483 -,125 Cap tren 302 ,099 ,256 3,047 Thangtien 146 ,097 ,126 1,507 ,304 4,032 Tienluong 308 ,076 Dongnghiep Oil ,083 ,010 ,135 Phucloi 012 ,066 -,012 -,174 Tinhchatcongviec 203 ,085 ,186 2,393 QOY Thd'ng kg tinh Mtfc Da cOng tuylTn y nghia D$ dung V I F sai ,901 ,003 ,529 1.890 ,134 ,535 1.868 000 ,655 1.528 ,893 ,722 1.385 ,862 ,770 1.299 ,018 ,614 1,629 r^gu< hffdng de'n ddng ed Idm viec ciia nhdn vien vdn phdng trdn dja ban ti'nh Dong Thdp dff dodn theo td't cd eae bid'n dde lap la: Y = + 0,256X, + 0,304 X^ + 0,186 X^ So sdnh gid tri (dp ldn) ciia p chuan hda eho thd'y: Tien Iffdng (X^) la quan trpng nba'l, anb hffdng Idn nhat dd'n ddng cd Iam viee cua nhdn vien (Pj= 0,304) Anb hffdng thff Id Cap trdn - X, (p,^0,256) vd cud'i eung Id Tinh chat edng viec - X^ (p^^O, 18d) Ngoai ra, gid tri Tolerances va VIF ebo ta thay, khdng hien didn hidn tffdng da cdng tuye'n cua eac bid'n md hinh He so VIF khd thd'p dffdi Vi vdy, cd the' ndi hien tffdng da edng tuye'n khdng ed anh hffdng ddn kd't qua gidi thich cua md hinh KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHj Ke't qua phan lich hdi quy md la md'i quan he tuye'n tinh giffa bid'n phu thupc la ddng cd Idm viec va ede 87 bien ddc lap da dffdc gom nbdm d phffdng phdp pban tieh nhdn Id'; ket qua eho thay ehi ed yd'u td^ ed anh hffdng dd'n ddng cd Idm vide gdm: Cd'p tren; Tien Iffdng vd Tinh chd't cdng viec Trong dd, ydu to Tien Iffdng cd anh hffdng nhidu nhd't, yeu Id' Tinh ehd't cdng vide cd anb hffdng it nha't dd'n dpng cd Iam vide eua nhdn vien van phdng cdc doanb nghidp tai Ddng Thdp Ba yd'u tdedn lai la Phuc Idi, Mdi quan he dong nghidp vd Cd hdi thang tien khdng ed anb hffdng ve mat tbdng kd tdi ddng ed lam viec eiia nhan vien Md hinh cdc ye'u to' dnh hffdng den dpng ed lam vide dffa cd the giai thieh dffde 44,5% sff bidn thien eua Ddng cd Idm viec thdng qua yd'u td tren Tff nhiJng kd't qud trdn, nhdm tdc gid dffa mdt sd khuyd'n nghi sau; Mgt Id ddi vdi yiu td'Su ldnh dgo cda Cdp tren Ddy Id mdt ye'u td tde ddng manh nhdt den ddng cd Idm vide eua iffian vidn Do vay, de tao ddng cd ldm vide eho nhdn vien, cdc nha lanh dao can: Chia sd vd cung cap thdng tin Ihffdng xuydn cho nhdn vidn ddn vi, vi nban vien nhan dffde sff bd trd vd thdng tin cua cap trdn hp se cam thd'y minh dffdc ehia se nhffng khd khdn cua ddn vi, cdm thdy dffde tdn trpng va cbinh dieu dd se mang lai hidu qud Idm vide cao hdn Dd'i xff cdng bang vdi nhdn vien, sff cdng bang thdng qua vide danh gid nang Iffc nhdn vien, khen thffdng vd trd Iffdng mdt cdch xffng ddng Nhdn vien idii dffde ddnh gia diing ve ndng Iffc eua nunh hp se cdm thd'y hai Idng, vi dffdc cdng nbdn vd tff dd hdng say hdn, hidu qua hdn Tuy nhien, viec ddnh gid dung ndng Iffc nhdn vidn la mdt viec lam khd nhay cam vl kd't ludn eua vide ddnh gid se dnh hffdng den quyen ldi ciia nhdn vidn vide xet tdng Iffdng, thffdng vd ed hdi dao lao thang tie'n Do dd, qud trinh danb gid ede nhd lanh dao phai ddnh gid dung nang Iffc cua nhdn vien, vi neu danb gid sai nhan vien se TAI LIEU THAM KHAO ba't man vd nguy cd thay ddi ehd lam Id td't ye'u xay Hai Id, ddi vdi yiu td Chinh sdch tiin luang Cd th^ thd'y, mpi trffdng hdp, tidn Iffdng la ngudn thu nhdp ehinh va on dinh nha't effa ngffdi lao dpng Nd quye't dinb thai dd, ddng ed Iam vide cua ngffdi Iao ddng VI vdy, de tao ddng cd Iam vide cho nhin vidn dd'i viJi td chffe, ihi ede nhd lanh dao can phai xay dffng mdt chinh sdch tien Iffdng cdng bdng va hdp ly De ldm dffdc di^u nay, moi doanh nghiep can: Thu'c hien phdn lich va md td cdng vide; PhSn hang cac nhdm cbffc danh, thid't ke Isii thang bang Iffdng, phan dnh diing trdch nhidm vd mffe phffe tap cdng vific, dam bao tinh cdng bdng ndi bo doanh nghiep; Xdy dffng va cai lien cd che' ddnh gid tich nhan vien trSn ed sd lffa ebon phffdng phdp tiep can thich hdp (theo muc tieu cdng viec hay theo nang Iffc) Ba Id, ddi vdi yiu td Tinh ehdt cong viec Tinh chdt edng vide ed mdi quan hg tuyen tinh vdi ddng ed Idm vide D I nhdn vien thda man edng viec va ed thtm ddng cd lam viec, thi Idnh dao eac ddn vi phdi quan tdm de'n va'n de nay, ddc bifit Id nang Iffe ed nhdn cua nhdn vien &6 Cdn manh dan hodn ddi vi hi cdng vile phdt hien nhan vidn khdng cdn phd hdp vdl vi Iri cdng vide dang lam, niv nhan vien cd yeu cau xin dffde thay doi vi tri eho phu hdp vdi nang Iffe ed nhdn, lanh d^o cung edn xem xdt giai quyet dl mang lai hieu qua Idm vide cao.Q _ - Dd Vdn Phffc (2006) Tdm ly qudn ly kinh doanh, Nxb Bdch khoa Hodng Trpng, Chu Nguyin Mdng Ngpc (2008) Phdn tich dQ lieu nghiin etiu vdi SPSS - ldp I, Nxb Hdng Dffe Nguydn Thi Phffdng Dung (2012) Xdy dffng thang ddng vidn nhdn vien khdi van phdng thdnh phd Can Thd, Tgp ehi Khoa hge, Trffdng Dai hpc Cdn Thd, so'22b, trang 145-154 Chau Van Toan (2009) Cdc nhdn to dnh hudng din si/thda mdn cua nhdn vienkhdi vdn phdng TP H6 Chi Minh, Ludn van Thae sT kinh Id', Trffdng Dai hpc Kinh te'TP Ho Chi Minh JeanPiaget(198I) Tdmlyhgcvd G/oorfwc/loc,Nxb Gido due Alderfer, C P (1972) Existence, relatedness, and growth New York: Free Press Adams, J S (1963) Toward an understanding of inequity Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 422-436 A.H.MasIow (1943) A Theory of Human Motivation, Originally Published in Psychological Review, 50, 370-396 Mc Clelland, D C , & Burnham, D H (1976) Power is the great motivator Harvard Business Review,5A, 100-110 10 Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., Snyderman, B (1959) r/ieMorivar/onwWo/-i,Wiliey, New York 11 Vroom, V H (1964) Work and motivation New York, Wiley 88 ... hanh Phtic l^i cap tren | chinh doanh nghiep, cdng ty hoac td cbffc, bao gdm nhan vidn cdp dffdi de'n nhdn vien cdp cao, nhutog khdng Moi tnrong lan viec bao gdm ehii doanh nghidp tren dia hdn tinh... lich nhdn id' khdm pha ydu td: Nhu cau ngffdi; Kha ndng (trid'n vpng) (EFA), phdn tich hdi quy Trong do, thda man nhu edu; Ldi the ve ndng Iffe eiia ngffdi Phdn tieh md hinh hdi quy tffdng quan... ddng cho eon dang: Y = p + p X + p,X, + + p X ngffdi bdng edch tao nhffng khd nang, trien vpng vd Trong do: Xl': tdng" vide; X2? T^ien thffe tdthda man nhu edu cho ho Iffdng; X3: Phuc ldi; X4: Mdi