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Bao dam an sinli xa hoi if Viet Nam Hoang Van Cuong', Pham Phu Minh^ ' Vipn Nghien ciiu Quin 1^ kinh ti Tnmg uong, Bp KI ho^ch vi Dau tir Email: cuonghgv@yahoo.com; cuonghgv@mpi,gov.vn Nhin ngiy thing nim 2017 ChSp nh^n ^ng ngiy 10 thing nSm 2017 Tom tat: Bao dam an sinh J^ hdi la mpt chu tniong nhat quan va xuyen suit cua Dang lanh dao phat tridn dat nude M ^ dii, thdi gian qua, hp thdng chinh sach dam bao an sinh xS hpi cua nuac ta da dat dugc mpt sd tim quan ttpng, nhung ben canh van tin tai nhung hgn che, bat cap cdn tilp tuc phai cai thipn, khdc phuc dk dam bao chinh sach dugc thyc hipn hipu qua Viec nghien cftu, dira nhfing chinh sach va giai phap kha thi, nhim tang cudng, dam bao tmh bin viing cda hp thdng an sinh xa hpi Viet Nam ttong thdi gian tdi la mpt ydu cdu cap thilt dat hien Tir khoa: An sinh xa hpi, phat trien ben viing, bao trp xa hpi, ttp giiip xa hpi Abstract: Ensuring social security is a consistent policy of the Cormnimist Party of Vietnam in leading the country's development However, despite the unportant achievements made so far by the country's system of policies on social security, there remain limitations and other things to be improved and overcome so as to ensure the efficient implementation of the policies Theresearchand introduction of feasible policies and solutions aimed at consolidating and ensuring tiie sustainability of the Vietnamese social security system in the upcoming future is now a pressing need Keywords: Social security, sustainable development, social protection, social assistance Md dau Sau 30 nam ddi mdi, Vidt Nam dd budc vdo nhdm nude dang phdt ttiln cd tiiu nhdp ttung bmh tiidp va tilp tuc ddy manh cdng nghidp hda, hidn dai hda ddt nude gdn vdi phat ttiln kinh t l tti tiiftc Quan dilm cfta Dang va Nhd nude ta da neu ro: phdt ttiln kinh t l nhanh bin vfing, ding tiidi "tiiuc hien cd hieu qud tidn bd vd cdng bdng xd hgi, bdo ddm an sinh xa hgi trang tftng budc va t m ^ chinh sdch phat trien" Bdo dam an sinh xa hgi trd Ihdnh vdn dl tnmg tam troi^ chien ^"^^ P ^ ^ ttiln dk nude Hidn nay, nude ta ^ S P * ^ ^ ^ ^ nam 2020 cd he thdng an ^inh xa hdi bao phu khqj toan ddn Bdi viet ph§nti'ch.lam ro nhfing ket qua ttiyc hidn chinh sdch an sinh xd hgi; de xuat cac gi^ p h ^ nhdm hodn tiiien hP tiidng chinh sach an suih xa hdi P^^ ^gp vdi phat ttien kinh te ben vftng vd bao ^ ^ quyen an sinh xa hgi cho ngudi dan tiiai gian tai 43 Khoa hpc xa hpi Vipt Nam, so (114) - 2017 K i t qua thyv hipn chinh sdch an sinh xa hpi d Vipt Nam thdi gian qua 2.1 NhOng thdnh tini Thft nhdt, bdo ddm an sinh xa hpi gan vdi tiln bp vd phdt triln xa hdi, vdi tiidnh tyu phdt tiiln kinh t l bii canh kmh t l thi tiudng Trong thdi gian qua, mac dft cd nhieu biln dpng vl kinh t l ttong nude vd quIc tl, nguon luc cfta ddt nude cdn hgn h?p, nhung Dang vd Nhd nude ta vin iudn eoi ttgng edng tdc bdo ddm an sinh xd hpi, dJit nhipm vy phdt triln dan sinh ttong moi tuong quan hdi hda vd gdn kit chgt che vdi phdt triln kinh tl, gifta ddu tu phdt triln kinh t l vdi ddu tu bdo ddm phftc lgi xd hgi vd an sinh xd hpi Cdc chuong trinh xda ddi, gidm nghdo cua Vipt Nam d tdm quIc gia dd thu dugc nhfing kit qud rdt tit, dugc du lugn quoc te thiia nhgn vd ddnh gid cao, nhdt Id xda ddi, gjdm nghdo eho ndng ddn d miln niii, viing dong bao dan tgc thieu so Vipt Nam Id mpt nhftng quIc gia dd hodn thdnh sdm ede Mye tidu Phdt triln Thien nien ky, nl^n dugc nhftng ddnh gid tieh eye cfta cgng ding qudc te Du edn ed nhihig hgn chl vd bdt e$p so vdi yeu cau phdt triln nhanh vd ben viing, nhung kit qud, tich md Vipt Nam dat dugc vl phdt tiiln gido dye, chdm lo sftc khde cpng ding, thye hipn bao hilm y te cho ngudi dan, khdm, chfta bpnh eho ngudi nghdo, chdm sdc cdc bd m? va trd em, cung nhu nhftng no lyc giai quylt vipc ldm, cdi thipn mftc sing vd dilu kipn sdng eho dan eu, cuu trg xd hpi vd thyc hipn phuc lgi xa hpi, quan tam tdi ede dii tugng ylu thl la nhftng minh chftng vd nhiing tiln bp ddng kd thyc hipn an sinh xd hpi 44 Thft hai, hp thing phdp lugt tftng budc dugc hoan thipn d l bdo ddm quyen an suih xd hpi cho mgi ngirdi ddn Hiln phdp ndm 2013 ldn ddu tidn khdng dinh quyln an smh xa hpi CO bdn cho ngudi dan ^ i e u 34: "Cdng ddn ed quyln duge bdo ddm an smh xd hdi"; Dilu 59: "Nha nude tao binh ddi^ vd CO hpi dc cdng ddn thy hudng phiic lgi xa hpi, phdt tridn he thdng an sinh xa hpi") Bp lugt Lao dpng sfta d i i (ndm 2012) tilp tyc phdt triln thj trudng lao dpng, tdng cudng dilu kidn hogt dgng ciia cdc dii tae tham gia thj trudng lao dpng (Nhd nude, doanh nghidp, cae t l chftc mdi gidi trung gian vd ngudi lao dpng); tdng cudng ho ttg cfta Nhd nude dii vdi ngudi lao dpng ylu thd trdn thi trudng thdng qua cdc chfnh sdch hS ttg tgo vipc Idm Vdi Lii§t Vipc ldm (ban hdnh ldn ddu, ndm 2013) ldn dau tien Viet Nam cd bp luat hudng den khu vyc kinh te phi chinh thftc; tilp tyc md rpng ca hpi cho ngudi lao dpng tham gia bao hiem thdt nghidp (mgi lao dpng ldm vipc ttor^ cac doanh nghipp cd hgp ddng lao dpng tu tiiang ttd len diu bdt bupc tham gia bdo hiem tiidt nghipp) Luat Bdo hilm y te sua doi (ndm 2013) chuydn tft bao phft toan dan sang bdo hilm y t l bdt bupc doi vdi t o ^ bp ddn cu; md rpng sy tham gia cua ngudi dan vao bdo hilm y t l (hodn thipn chl dp ddng, chl dg hudng va dilu kipn hudng bdo hiem y tl); md rpng dii tugng duge Nhd nude bdo hp mpt phdn vd todn phdn dl tiiam gia bdo hilm y tl Lugt Bdo hilm xd hgi sfta dii (ndm 2014) md rgng dipn tiiam gia bdo hiem xa hpi bdt bupc doi vdi ngudi lao dgng lam vipc cd hgp dong tft I thdng trd Idn; tdng cudng che tdi doi vdi vipc trln ddng bao hiem xa hpi; hodn thipn ehl dp bdo hilm xd hgi ty nguypn tiieo hudng Imh Hoang Vin Cuong, Phgm Phd Minh hogt va phft hgp vdi didu kipn vd vide ldm vd thu n h ^ cua lao dpng khu vyc phi chinh thftc; dd xudt gidi phdp khuyin khich ngirdi lao dgng khu vyc phi chinh thftc tham gia bdo hiem xd hgi; hidn dai hda cdng tdc qudn 1^ ddi tugng tibam gia bdo hidm xa hpi Thft ba, ddu tu cfta Nhd nude cho an smh xd hgi edng tdng NIU nhu ndm 2012 tdng chi eho an sinh xa hpi bdng 5,88% tdng sdn phdm quIe npi (GDP), thi ddn nam 2015 sd tdng Idn khodng ttdn 6,6% GDP Mgc dft ttong dilu kidn kinh tl khd khan, Ddng vd Nha nude khdng gidm di bdt eft mpt chinh sdeh, khodn chi nao ddnh cho an sinh xa hpi md cdn tang Idn; thyc hien hipu qua edc chinh sach xd hpi tft nhidu nguon Iuc, ttong cac ngudn lyc chinh Id nguon Iuc nhd nude, ngudn Iuc tft ben ngoai, ngudn lyc xd hpi tft cdc doanh nghipp, td chftc vd ngudn Iuc tft ttong nhan ddn Thft tu, Vipt Nam da dgt vd vugt thdi gian hoan nhidu Mye tidu Phdt triln Thidn nidn ky cfta Lidn Hgp Quoc Din cudi ndm 2014, t^ Ip nghdo, theo chudn ngheo quoc gia giai dogn 2011-2015 cdn dudi 6%, cudi nam 2015 Id dudi 5% [1]; ddi sdng cfta ngudi ddn, nhat Id ngudi ngheo, ddng bdo ddn tpc thilu si va edc doi tugng ydu the dugc cdi thipn vd nang cao Da sd ngudi dan cd vipc ldm, ty Id that i^hipp thap, dgt 2,34% tfnh den quy in/20I6 [4]; ty lp ngudi lao dgng tham gia bao hidm xa hgi dgt 23,35%, tham gia bdo hilm tiidt nghipp dgt 19,7% [2] Da sd ngudi lao ddng dd tiep cgn dugc y te co sd, ty lp tham gia bdo hiem y tl dgt 77,1% tinh din het thang 5/2016; khodng 3% ngudi ed hoan eanh ddc bipt khd khdn duge ho trg tidn mat hdng thang va cdc hinh thftc khac [4]; CO bdn hodn thdnh phd c|ip giao dye mdm non cho ttd tuoi, cdp tilu hge vd trung hgc co sd; tmh trgng nhd d, nude sgch vd thdng tin dugc cdi thidn dang kl Dudi day Id mpt so kit qud cy thl da dgt duge Vd gidi quylt vide ldm: Chuong trinh mye tidu quoc gia Vipc lam vd Dgy nghi moi ndm da tao vipc Idm cho khoang 320.000 i^udi; nhilu ngudi khuylt tat, ngudi dan tpc, ngudi d vung hi ehuyin dii mye dich sft dung ddt ndng i^;hidp dd dugc vay vdn phdt triln sdn xudt, kinh doanh, tgo vipc Idm Tinh din quy III/20I6, sd ngudi ed vipc lam Id 53,27 tripu, tang 104,6 nghm ngudi (0,2%) so vdi ciing kj nam 2015; t^ ttgng lao dPng ttong liiih vyc ndng - lam i ^ e p - thfty san gidm cdn 41,61%; t^ lp thdt nghipp tudi lao dpng tri d mftc thdp 2,34% (ty Id ndy d khu vyc thdnh tiii Id 3,23%;ttongtiianhnidn Id 7,86%) [4] - Vd gidm ngheo: ly Ip hp nghdo eua ca nude gidm cdn dudi 5% den cudi ndm 2015 (theo chudn ngheo giai dogn 2011-2015) Ty Ip hp ngheo d cdc huypn ngheo edn dudi 28% ndm 2015 [1] - Vd bdo hiem xd hdi vd bdo hilm thdt nghipp: din qu^ III/2016, cd 12.694.000 ngudi (chilm 23,35% lyc lugng lao dpng) tham gia bdo hilm xd hpi, ttong bdo hiem xd hpi bdt bugc cd 12.500.000 ngudi va bdo hidm xa hpi ty nguypn cd 194.000 ngudi Trong thang ddu ndm 2016, cd 6,2 tripu lugt ngudi lao dgng vd than nhan dugc gidi quyet ede chl dp bdo hidm xa hpi (ehua bao gdm lyc lugng vu trang), tdng 11,9% so vdi cftng k^ ndm 2015; ttong dd 105.367 ngudi hudng bdo hilm xa hpi (BHXH) hdng thdng, 511.253 lugt ngudi hudng ehl dp ttg cap mpt Ian, 5.536.632 lugt ngudi 45 Khoa hoc xa hpi Vijt Nam, so (114)-2017 hu6ng chl dp 6m dau, thai sSn, duSng siic, phuc hoi siic khde Ddn het qu^ 111/2016 c i nude c6 10.724.000 ngudi tham gia bao hiSm that nghi?p (BHTN), chilm 19,7% luc luong lao ddng [4] - vh trg giup xa h6i cho ngu6i co hoan canh d§c biSt kho khan: din cuoi nam 2015, Chlnh phu da h5 tn? hom 31.000 tin gao cim doi cho gan 2.100.000 lugt nguoi o 21 tinh, tip trung ft cic tinh Ngh? An, Quang Ngai, Thanh Hda, Btoh Dinh, Quing Binh Hang thang trg cip tiln mSt va cdp the bao hiem y tl cho trSn 2.643.000 d5i tugng (37.348 tre m6 cfii, 88.594 nguoi don than nuoi thugc hg ngh&J, 1.480.000 nguoi tr6n 80 tuli, 896.644 nguoi khuylt tjt, 69.257 gia dinh, cd nhan cham sftc dii tugng bio trg xa hgi t ^ cgng dftng, 8.185 nguoi co HIV thugc hg ngih^o) Ca nuac hi$n co 408 co sa tn? giiip xa hOi nufti dudng, cham sftc tren 41.400 dii tugng, dft si dii tugng bi khuylt tat, tam thdn chilm toi 56,5% - v l bao dam giao dye tii thilu: din nam 2015, t^ 1§ tr6 tufti hgc mdm non dgt 97,93%; trft dudi tuli hgc mdm non dat 86,61%; di hgc tieu hgc dung tuoi dat 98,69%, di hgc trung hgc ca sd dung tuli dat 90,89%; t^ 1$ hgc sinh iat tiinh dg phi thdng trung hgc la 62%; tjj 1| tl4 khuylt tat di hgc djt 60%; si sinh vign tidn mOt van dan d$t 250 ngudi; ty Ig ngudi bilt chti ttong dg tuli tir 15 tuli trd len d?t 99% Hi$n ca nude eft 1.467 ca sd day nghi (190 trudng cao Sag nghi; 280 Hudng ttmg cdp nghi; 997 trung tam dgy nghi va hon 1.000 co sd eft dgy nghe); tuyin smh gdn 2.000.000 ngudi; ho ttrg khoang 550.000 ngudi hgc nghi Ty 1? lao dOng qua ddo tgo dgt 51%, dd qua dao tgo nghi dgt 38,5% 46 - Ve bao dim y t l t i i thieu: din nam 2015, eft 98,4% s i xS cd trgm y t l xS ho?t dgng; 96% so thdn, bin cd nhan vidn y tl thdn, ban; cd 80% sd xa eft bac sT; 50% si xa dgt tieu chi quoc gia v l y t l xa; tren 95% so xa eft y sT sin nhi hoac nii hO smh; bao hiem y te da chi trd chi phi dl phu n& co thai dugc kham thai, sinh de tai cac co sd y te Ty 1? suy dinh dudng tre em the nhe can cdn khoang 14,1%; thl thdp cdi cdn 24,2%; t^ 1$ tii vong ba me giam xuong 58,3 trdn 100.000 tre de sing, giam tii vong a tre em duod tuli xudng 14,796o Ty 16 ph^ nvc de dugc kham thai it nhat ldn dat trdn 90%, t^ 1$ phy nii dd cdn bg y tl qua dao tgo dd dat 98%, ty Ig ba me vattdso sinh dugc cham sdc tuan dau sau sinh d^t 81% Hidn co gdn 70.000.000 ngudi tham gia bao hilm y t l , chilm 76% dan si, ttong dd so ngudi thuOc hg ngheo vk dan t$c thilu s i la 11.796.000 ngudi, si nguM thugc hO cgn nghdo la 2.992.000 ngudi - V l bao dam nha d t i i thieu: sau nam thuc hi$n, din nam 2015, da hS ttg 7.600 h$ nghdo xay dung nha d phdng ttdnh bao lyt tgi tmh vung Bdc Trung Bg vd duydn hai miln Trung Chuong trinh phit triln nha d xa h^i dinh cho cdng nhin khu cong nghi$p, da xay dvmg 28.550 cSn hO v i dang tiep tuc xiy dvmg 69.300 can hO; Chuong ttinh nha d xa hOi cho ngirdi eft thu nhSp thdp tgi khu vvrc dd thi, da xay dvmg 25.850 cin hg v i tilp tvic xiy dvmg khoing 61.290 can h^; Chuong trinh nha d cho hgc sinh, sinh vien dugc ddu tti bdng ttii phieu Chlnh phu, da b l tti n h i d cho 200.000 sinh vidn, dgt ty 1$ binh quin 80% nhu cda v l bio dim nuftic sgch: den hit nto 2015 da xay dvmg dugc hon 1.000 cdng tririi nude sgch tip trung, nang ty 1§ dan si nong Hoang van Cuong, Phgm Phu Minh thdn dugc sft dyng nude sinh hogt hgp vd smh len 86%, dugc sft dyng nude sgch tiieo tieu chudn cfta Bg Y t l ldn 45% - Vd bao ddm thdng tin: sau hon ndm thyc hipn, ty Id xd ed diem truy cap dipn thogi cdng cgng dgt 97%; cd dudr^ truydn CE^) quang din xd dat 96%; ed dudng truyin c ^ ddng dat 90% Mgng ludi buu chinh dugc tri vdi khodng 16.000 dilm ^ao dich, cd khodng 7.640 dilm buu dien vdn hda xd Chuong trinh tdng cudng npi dung tiidng tin vd tn^'dn thdi^ ve co sd mien nui, viing sau, vung xa, bidn gidi vd hdi ddo dd phat sdng 4.195 chucmg trinh phdt thanh, truyen hinh; dgt hang cac nha t l chftc sang tdc, xudt bdn, in va phdt hdnh 1.327.631 bdn sdch chuydn dl cung cdp va quang ba ddn cdc xd; td chftc sang tdc, xuat bdn vd in, phat hdnh vd qudng ba 1.378.933 dn phdm truyen thdng phd bidn kiln thftc v l ndng nghipp, chdm sdc sftc khde; tiiilt lap cym thdng tin dii ngogi tgi ede khu vyc cfta khdu qudc tl; c ^ mien phi 24 logi dn phdm bao, tgp chf cho ddi^ bdo vftng ddn tpc thieu sd, miln nui, vung dac bipt khd khdn vdi tten 40 tripu an phdm 2.2 Nhimg hgn chi M$c dft da dgt duge nhilu thdnh tyu, song vdn edn nhftng han chl, ton tgi ttong vipc thye hipn cdc chfnh sdch xd hpi Trong giai doan tu 2009 din nay, chju tdc dgng cfta euPe khiing hodng kinh te todn cau, tang tiidng GDP cfta Vipt Nam gidm tft trdn 8% (ndm 2008) xudng cdn 6,21% (ndm 2016), khd ndng huy dpng ngan sdch cho an sinh xd hgi gdp nhilu khd khdn [3] Bdn cgnh dd, tft ndm 2012, Vipt Nam dd budc vdo ngudng thu nhap trung binh (thdp), nen cdc tai trg qu6c t l khdng hoan lai bj cdt gidm ddngke Mdc dft chiln tranh da kit thuc hon 40 nam trudc, nhung h^u qua cfta nd dl lgi vdn cdn n ^ g nl, dii tugng ttg giftp xa hpi cdn nhilu Vipt Nam Igi thupc nhdm nude Ddng Nam A chiu tdc dpng mgnh cfta biln doi khf hgu (nhu mua bdo, lu lyt thudng xuyen, nude biln ddng ), thiet hgi mli ndm khodng tren 1% GDP Xu hudng gid hda dan so nhanh hon dy kien dgt nhihig thdch thftc v l chi phi lidn quan den chdm sdc sftc khde ngudi cao tudi va chinh sdch an smh xd hpi Nam 2009, Viet Nam dd budc vao thdi k^ gia hda (ty Id ngudi tft 60 tuli ttd ldn chilm 10% tdng si dan so, dy kiln din ndm 2050, ty lp ngudi gid d Vipt Nam chilm trdn 20% dan si) Hp tiidng ehinh sdeh an sinh xd hpi hipn hdnh edn phdn tdn, manh mftn, thilu sy gdn kit, ehua khuyen khich ngudi dan tich eye tham gia Hipu qud chuih sdch cdn hgn dil Cdc chucmg trinh day nghe cho lao dpng ndng thdn chua gdn vdi nhu cdu thj trudng lao dpi^ vd nhu cdu san xuat; chat lugng lao dgng chua cao, t^ Ip lao dpng ed bdng edp, chftng chi mdi dgt 21,50% (tinh ddn het quy III/2016) [4] Gidm ngheo chua ben vftng, nguy CO tdi nghdo cao; ty lp nghdo d nhilu vftng dan tpc thilu sd, viing sau, viing xa van edn ttdn 50%, cd bipt cd noi edn trdn 70%; chdnh Ipch gidu - ngheo ve thu nh^p vd tilp can cdc dich vy xd hpi gifta cac vting, nhdm dan cu cd xu hudng gia tang, nhdt Id gifta khu vye mien niM phia Bdc vd Tdy Nguyen vdi edc vung cdn 1^; giua ngudi ddn tpc thilu s6 vdi ngudi Kinh/Hoa Da s i lao dpng phi ehinh thftc chua tham gia bdo hilm xd hgi ty nguypn vd bdo hilm thdt nghipp Din hit ndm 2014, cd nude ed 47 Khoa hgc xa hpi Vipt Nam, si (114) - 2017 gdn 4,415 trieu ngudi tft 55 tuli ttd len hudng an smh tuli gid (gdm 2,2 tripu ngudi hudng chl dp huu tri, 1,6 tripu ngudi gid ttdn 80 tuoi va 670 ngudi cao tudi thugc hp ngheo duge hudng ttg edp tuli gid) [3] Ty Id ngudi hudng ttg cdp tidn mgt hdng thdng khoang 3% ddn sd, nhung ddi sdng cfta hg cdn khd khdn mftc ttg cdp thdp; edng tdc ttg giftp ddt xudt ed phgm vi hep, huy dpng nguIn Iuc xd hpi khd khan, didu phdi cdn bat cap Chdnh Ipch vd thy hudng giao dye giua cdc vftng, miln, gifta cdc nhdm ddn tpc cd xu hirdng gia tang Mye tidu bdo hiem y td toan ddn cdn nhieu thdch thftc, vdn cdn gdn 30% ddn sd chua tham gia bdo hiem y tl; ty Ip tte em suy dinh dudng gidm chdm; chdt lugng cham sdc y t l d ndng thdn, viing sdu, vftng xa edn thap Triln khai chfnh sdeh ho trg nhd d cho hp ngheo cdn ^ g m ; vdn dl nhd d cho edc nhdm ddn cu (lao dpng di cu, hgc sinh, sinh vien; ddn tpc thieu sd) cdn bdt cdp Ty Id ngudi ddn duge sft dyng nude sgch theo quy chuan quIc gia cdn thdp, vide ling ghdp vdi cdc chuong trinh chua thuc hipn tit Bo tri ngan sdch cho cdc chuong trinh thdng tin cho viing sdu, vung xa cdn khd khdn; chdt lugng cdc cdng trinh hg tdng ky thugt tiidng tin cdn thap 2.3 Nguyen nhdn cua nhiing hgn che - Nhgn thftc v l vai trd cfta an sinh xa hpi d khdng it cap fty, chinh quyen, can bp, ddng vien, to chftc, doanh nghipp vd ngudi dan chua diing vd chua day dft, cdn eoi an sinh xa hpi Id ti^ch nhipm ridng cua Nhd nude, tu tudng trdng chd vdo Nhd nude, vdo Trung uong cdn ndng nl 48 - Nang Iuc xdy dung chinh sach an sinh xa hdi cdn hgn chd Cdng tdc tuydn truyin, biln ehinh sdch, luat phdp, tra, kiem tta vipc thyc hipn ehinh sdch an sinh xd hpi chua dugc quan tam dftng mftc Qudn I^ nha nude vd an sinh xd hpi chua tit qud nhilu difnh sdch, Igi dugc ban hanh d nhidu giai dogn khdc nhau, dp dung cho nhieu nhdm ddi tugng khde nen chlng ehdo, thilu tinh hp thdng, gay khd khdn cho vipc qudn I^ ehinh sach an sinh xd hpi vd doi tugng thy hudng edc ehinh sdeh - Vide td chftc thyc hipn chinh sach an sinh xd hpi d ede edp, nhdt la cdp ca sd cdn yeu Nguon lyc cho thye hidn ehinh sdch an sinh xa hpi cdn hgn h?p, muc ho trg tft ngdn sdch nhd nude cdn thdp, phan tdn, chua dung doi tugng; thieu sy phii hgp, ling ghdp ttong vide thyc hipn cac chinh sdeh; chua huy dpng bet sy tham gia tft cgng ddng, thilu chinh sdch khuydn khich ngudi dan ty an sinh, ngudi ngheo ty vuon ldn tiiodt nghdo Mpt s6 thach thuc dgt dii vdf vipc bao dam an sinh xa hpi hipn Thu nhdt, mgt so chi tidu khdng hodn thdnh so vdi muc tieu dl cfta N ^ quylt M|c dft dd thu dugc mpt so kit qud rdt d ^ g khfch lp, song chftng ta van ehua hodn tiianh mpt sd chi tidu ey thd, nhu ty lp vipc Idm ndng n ^ p p , t^ lp tham gia bdo hilm xd hpi, bdo hilm tiidt nghipp; mpt si chi tieu vl y td, gido dye; chi tieu vl tiep cpn nude sgch Tha hai, chdt lugng thye hipn edc mye tieu chua cao Chat lugng viPc ldm cdn thdp; ty Ip lao dpng ldm vipe ttong Imh vyc ndng nghipp cdn cao; kit qud gidm nghdo Hodng Vdn Cuang, Phgm Phu Minh chua vihig chdc, mftc chenh Idch gidu ngheo gifta cdc viing, cdc nhdm dan cu cd xu hudng gia tdng; ty lp tiiam gia bdo hidm xa hpi, bdo hilm y t l tang cham; chdt lugng phi cap giao dye cdn chdnh lech, ddc bipt vdi nhdm tre em dan tgc thieu sd, hd ngheo vd viing ddc bipt khd khan; tuyin smh cao ddng nghi, tiimg c ^ nghi gap nhidu khd khan; van cdn gan 25% dan so chua tham gia bdo hiem y td; chinh sdch ho ttg hp nghdo v l nhd d chdm dugc triln khai; t j Id ngudi ddn ndng thdn dugc sft dyng nude sgch dgt quy chudn quIc gia cdn thap Thu ba, hp thing ehinh sdch an sinh xd hpi cdn cong kdnh, chdng cheo Hipn ed khodi^ 233 vdn ban chfnh sach Ddng, Qudc hpi, Chinh phft vd edc bp, ngdnh, ca quan khdc ban hdnh vd td chfte thyc hipn Do qua nhilu chfnh sdch, lgi dugc ban hanh d nhidu giai dogn khdc nhau, dp dyng cho nhieu nhdm doi tugng rpng, h$p khdc ndn ed sy chdng ehdo, thieu tinh he thing, gay khd khdn cho vipe ap dyng chinh sdch, quan I^ dii tugng Chft truong tich hgp hp thdng chfnh sdch cftng nhu vipc long ghep thyc hipn chfnh sdch cho ciing mpt nhdm hudng thy cftng chua dugc trien khai Thd tu, mgt s i chuong trinh an sinh xd hpi chua thyc sy hidu qua Chuong trinh dao tgo nghe cho lao dgng ndng thdn, cac chuong trinh ttg giftp xa hpi cdn phan tan vl dii tugng, kinh phf, t l chftc thyc hipn Cdng tdc thdng tin, tuyen truydn, p h i bien chinh sdch v l an sinh xd hpi d mPt s i dia phuong cdn yeu, hinh thftc thdng tin, tuydn truyen ehua hipu qud Thic ndm, vipc bdo ddm an sinh tii thilu eho ngudi dan gdp nhieu khd khdn, thdch thftc, so lugng cae chuong trinh an suih xd hpi hgn ehl, chua dap ftng nhu cdu vd an smh ciia ngudi ddn; phgm vi bao phft cfta chinh sach an smh xa hpi bj hgn hqp, chi phye vy eho mpt nhdm dan cu, thdng thudng la nhdm ddn cu "khde ban, tit ban" xd hpi; tdi chfnh ban che vd sy phdn b l tdi ehinh thilu hgp ly gifta cdc chuong trinh; cdc cdng cy, chfnh sach thidu nhgy bdn, d^e bipt ttong boi canh khiing hodng kinh td, tdc dpng cfta cdi edeh kinh td vd bien ddi khf hgu Thii sdu, sy tham gia cfta co quan, dodn thd vd xd hpi, huy dpng ngudn lyc cho thye hipn chfnh sdeh chua tdt, cdn phan tdn Nhgn thftc vd vai ttd cua an sinh xa hpi cfta mpt sd cap fty, ehinh quydn, cdn bp, ddng vidn, td chftc, doanh nghidp vd ngudi dan chua dftng vd chua ddy du, cdn tu tudng ttong chd vdo Nhd nude, vao Trung ucmg ve ehinh sdch vd kinh phi Cdng tdc tuydn truyen, bidn ehinh sdch, lugt phdp, tta, kilm tta vide thyc hipn an sinh xd hpi ehua dugc quan tdm dftng mftc Cdng tae xd hpi hda, huy ddng sy tham gia ddng gdp cfta khu vyc tu nhdn cdn nhilu bdt cap, chua phat huy hit tilm ndng tham gia ciia ngudi ddn, doanh nghipp va cac d i i tde xd hpi Cac gidi phap nhdm hodn thipn hp t h i n g chinh sach an sinh xa hpi Thu nhdt, tiep tuc bdo ddm mye tidu, djnh hudng an sinh xd hpi din ndm 2020 Bao ddm an sinh xa hpi Id nhipm vy thudng xuydn, quan ttgng Id ttdch nhipm cfta Dang, Nhd nude, cua cd hp thing chinh tri va toan xd hpi Trong do, Nhd nude gift vai trd chft dgo ttong vipc t l chfte thyc hipn ehinh sdch an sinh xd hpi, dong thdi phdt huy vai ttd vd trdch nhipm cfta cd nhdn, hp Khoa hoc xa hpi Vipt Nam, so (114) - 2017 gia dinh, ngudi lao ddng, doanh nghipp va cpng ding ttong vipc bao dam an sinh xa hgi tiieo tmh tiidn xd hpi hda, tgo dilu kipn dl ngudi dan ndng cao khd ndng ty bdo ddm cdc dilu kipn sing cfta hg Bdo ddm an sinh xa hpi cho ngudi ddn Id mdt chu truang dftng ddn vd xuyen suit cfta Ddng ttong lanh dao ddt nude Phdt triln an smh xd hpi Id chinh sdeh co bdn de giam ngheo, bdo dam ddi sdng cfta nhdn ddn, gdp phdn quan ttgng tgo dpng lyc eho tdng trudng kinh tl, thyc hipn edng bdng, tgo sy dor^ thuan xd hpi, gift vftng In djnh chinh tq, bdo dam ttdt ty, an todn xa hpi, cftng cd vd tdng cudng qudc phdng, an ninh Do v$y, dkn nam 2020 chftng ta co ban hinh tiianh hp thing an smh xa hpi bao phft todn dan, bdo ddm cho ngudi dan tiep can din cdc ehinh sdch vide ldm, giam ngheo, tham gia bdo hilm xd hpi, h§ ttg nhihig ngudi cd hodn cdnh dae bipt khd khdn (ttd em cd hodn cdnh ddc bipt, ngudi cao tuoi thu nhdp thdp, ngudi khuylt tgt ndng, ngudi ngheo ), tdng cudng cdc dich vy xd hpi ca bdn d mftc toi thieu (y te, gido dye, nha d, nude sach, thdng tin), tftng budc ndng cao thu nhgp, bdo ddm cugc sing an todn^ binh ddng cfta nhdn dan Thd hai, hoan thipn thj trudng lao dpng, phat trien vipc lam, bao ddm an sinh xd hpi ben viing Hipn dgi hda thj trudng lao dpng, kit ndi cung cdu lao dpng; phat ttiln doanh nghipp nhd vd vua dl tgo vipc ldm vd chuyin djch ca edu vipc Idm; tdng cudng dii thogi lao dgng, bdo ddm tidu chudn lao dpng; tdng cudng dao tao vd phdt triln kj^ ndng cho ngudi lao dpng; tap trung phdt tridn ede chuong trinh vl "an todn vd vd smh lao dpng" 50 Thic ba, tilp tuc hodn thipn co sd phdp 1^, eac chfnh sdch va giai phap bdo ddm an sinh xd hpi Day mgnh vipc xdy dung vd hodn thien hd thing luat ve an sinh xd hpi, ttong cdn nghidn cftu xay dyng vd ban hdnh Lugt Vipc ldm, Ludt Tiln luong tii thilu, Luat Cftu trg xd hpi, Lugt iTu dai xa hpi; nghien cftu sfta dii Bp Iu$t Lao dpng, Ludt Bdo hilm xa hpi, Ludt Ngudi tdn t$t, Luat Ngudi cao tudi ; nghidn cftu ban hdnh cdc vdn bdn phdp luat v l an sinh xd hpi cpng ding, nhdm bdo ddm co sd phdp 1^ ddy dd cho viec thuc hidn ddng bp, nghidm tuc, hipu qud cdc quy dinh, chinh sdch, chd dp an sinh xd hpi Rd sodt, didu chinh, bl sung cdc chinh sdeh hipn hdnh v l an sinh xd hpi, kl cd bdo hilm xd hpi, bdo hilm y tl, ttg giftp xa hpi, uu dai xa hdi, hp thdng h i ttg tich cue Phdi hgp ding bg chinh sdch an sinh xa hgi vdi cdc chinh sach kinh td - x2 hpi khac, nhu: chinh sdch vipc lam, cWnh sdch tien luong va thu nh|ip, thyc hipn cac chuong trinh ho ttg tich eye, cdc chuong trinh mye tidu xda ddi, gidm nghdo ben viing , tdng cudng khd ndng tiep can cdc djch vy xd hpi eo bdn cho cdc ddi tugng va vftng ddc thft Thic tu, tang cudng huy dpng cdc nguon lyc cho ehinh sdch an sinh xd hpi Tang chi ngan sdch nhd nude v l an sinh xd hpi dgt mftc trung binh khu vyc Ddng Nam A (7% GDP) kit hgp vdi huy dpng ddng gdp cua ngudi ddn, doanh nghipp vd xd hpi cho an sinh xd hpi Khuyin khich, tgo mdi trudng tiiupn lgi dl phat ttien da dgng cdc md hinh an sinh xa hgi, cdc hogt dpng tft thipn, tinh nguypn dya vdo su tham gia cftg cpng ding (ede dodn thl dia phuong, cae nhdm sd thich, nghipp dodn, gia dinh, ddng hg, cd Hoang van Cuong, Phgm Phd Minh nhdn ) ttong vipc cung cap cdc dieh vy an sinh xd hpi, thye hidn cdc hogt dgng nhan dgo, giftp dd, chia se nii ro ddi vdi nhiing nhdm yeu thl, nhung ddi tugng ddc thft Tdng cudng hgp tdc qudc t l , ttanh thft nguIn lyc, kinh nghidm cfta eac nude ttong xdy dung vd thuc hidn cdc chfnh sdch an sinh xa hpi dftng tiudc rdt nhilu khd khdn, ttd nggi vd tiidch thftc khdng nhd Dd thyc hidn tdt mye tidu ndy, Vipt Nam edn thuc hipn ddng bp hp tiling an smh xa hpi da tdng, toan dipn, gdn kit chdt che vdi phdt triln kmh te tftng ehinh sdch, moi giai dogn phdt triln cy thl ciia ddt nude Tai lipu tham khiio S Ket lugn [I] BP Lao dpng - Thuang binh vh Xi hpi Nhftng ndm gan ddy, ciing vdi nhftng thdnh tyu doi mdi kinh td, phat tridn manh me kinh te thi trudng, tang cudng tidm lyc kinh tl quIe gia, Vipt Nam dd ed nhimg no lyc to ldn dl thyc hipn an sinh xa hpi, chdm lo cai thipn, nang eao ddi sing ciia ngudi dan Cdc chuong trinh an sinh xa hpi cfta Vipt Nam da tiiu dugc nhftng kit qua rat quan ttgng, dugc du luan qudc td thfta nhgn vd danh gid cao, nhdt la xda ddi gidm ngheo cho ndng dan, dgc bidt d midn niii, viing dong bdo ddn tdc thidu sd Tuy nhidn, d l tiep tyc day mgnh thuc hipn cac chinh sdeh xa hpi va an sinh xd hgi ttong dilu kipn thyc hipn quan ^ I m phat tridn nhanh, hipu qud vd bin vflng, Viet Nam cung dang (2016), Bdo cdo tinh hinh thifC hi^n chinh sdeh an sinh xa hgi trinh Chinh phu thdng 12 ndm 2016, [2] mmi- H o ^ g van Cuong (2014), Bdo cdo trinh Bg Ki hogch vd Dau tu: Hodn thien chinh sdch thu hfp bdt binh ddng xa hdi d Vift Nam, thdng ndm 2014 Bh Npi [3] http://thuvieQpliapliiatvii/vaa-ban/Linh-vuckhac/Nghi-quyet-142-2016-QH13-ke-hoachphat-trien-kmh-te-xa-lioi-5-nam-2016-2020310005.aspx [4] http://www.molisa.gov.vii/vi/Pages/ThiTniong [5] http://hanoimoi.com.VQ/Tin-tuc/Suc- LaoDong.aspx khoe/837730/-77 l-dan-so-tham-gja-bao-hiemy-te, ngiy 09/01/2016 ... dl thyc hipn an sinh xa hpi, chdm lo cai thipn, nang eao ddi sing ciia ngudi dan Cdc chuong trinh an sinh xa hpi cfta Vipt Nam da tiiu dugc nhftng kit qua rat quan ttgng, dugc du luan qudc td thfta... ngu6i co hoan canh d§c biSt kho khan: din cuoi nam 2015, Chlnh phu da h5 tn? hom 31.000 tin gao cim doi cho gan 2.100.000 lugt nguoi o 21 tinh, tip trung ft cic tinh Ngh? An, Quang Ngai, Thanh Hda,... ndng tiep can cdc djch vy xd hpi eo bdn cho cdc ddi tugng va vftng ddc thft Thic tu, tang cudng huy dpng cdc nguon lyc cho ehinh sdch an sinh xd hpi Tang chi ngan sdch nhd nude v l an sinh xd hpi
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