Tình hình dân nhập cư của thành phố hồ chí minh thời kì 1999 2009

U w* — IRl/llyNG DAI HPC SU- PHAM T P H C H ( M I N H LJr-n TAP CHI KHOA HQC H O C H I M I N H C I T Y UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION JOURNAL OF SCIENCE ISSN; KHOA H I J C X A HOI V A N H A N VAN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES IS59-3100 TSP14,S42(20I7):I!S-197 Vol 14.No.2(20l7): 189-197 Email: lapchikkoahod^hcnrne.edu.vn: Website'htlp://idch.lKmue.eduvn VTiNH HINH DAN N H ^ P ClT CUA THANH P H H CHI MINH THCH KI 1999 - 2009^ Hupnh Phdm DSng Phdt\ Phgm Bd Van Trung\ Nguyin Ngpc Hodng Van' Ngdy T6a sogn nti$n Ouvc bdi: 07-6-2016: ngdyfOiSn bi$n adnh gid: 30-12-2016 ngdy chip nt}$n OSng 22-02-2017 TOM T A T Thdnh Hd Chi Minh (TPHCM) Id dfa phuang cd quy md ddn sd ldn nhdt cd nude vd dang gia tdng mgt cdeh nhanh chdng dd, gia tdng ca hge gdp phdn ddng ki Bai viit tim hieu vi xu hudng gia tdng ddn so ca hge cda cdc vimg ngi vd ngogi thdnh cUng nhu quy md tSc dg tdng ddn nhdp cu, cimg nhOng dgc diim cOa ngudi nhgp cu Budc ddu tim hiiu cdc yiu td tgo lyc hat tgi vimg nhgp cu vd nhihig lyc day tgi vimg xudt cu phdn tich dua nguyin nhdn tdc dgng din ngudi nhgp cu vdo thdnh phd; tic do, di xudt mpt sS tham vdn budc ddu ve diiu tiit, phdn bd ddn cuphii hgp di cd thi tdn dyng dugc lyc lugng ddn nhgp cu gdp phdn thUc ddy suphdt triin kinh ti - xd hgi dfa phuang Tie khda: dan sl, nh|p cu, gia tdng dan sl, phan b l dan cir ABSTRACT The immigraUon situation in Ho Chi Minh City from 1999 to 2009 Ho Chi Minh City has the highest population in the countiy and it is increasing rapidly The article investigates the mechanical trend of population growth in suburban and urban areas as well as the scale and speech of immigration growth, alongside with immigrants' characteristics The initial research of factors creating attraction forces in the immigration areas and propulsive forces in the emigrcaion areas shows several reasons that people emigrate to the city; in light of which some initial counsels for proper regulation and distribution of the population are proposed to exploit the immigrantforce, contributing to the social-economic growth of the city K^fwords: population, immigration, population growth, distribution of population B^i vdn d l Kit qud hai cufc tong dilu tra ddn s l va nhd d gdn nhdt cho thdy TPHCM Id dia phuong cd quy md dan s l ldn nhdt ca nude vd dang cd sy gia tdng nhanh chdng, chia ylu Id gia tdng co hpc Dilu ndy cd the xem Id tdt ylu vi ddy Id trung tdm kinh t l , vdn hda, chinh tri, khoa hoc ki thudt ldn nhdt nude ta Dan cu tii cdc viing khdc cua cd nude di cu din d l hoc t$p, Iao dfng vd sinh sdng Vi thi, vdn de gia tdng ca hoc ndi chung vd ddn nh^p cu noi ridng Id moi quan tam hang ddu chinh sach phdt trien ddn sd d TPHCM Bdi vidt budc ddu tim hilu ve hifn tr^ng va mft so ddc dilm cua dan nhip cu, tir dua mft sd gidi phap ve phdn b l ddn cu, sd dyng nguin lao dfng hpp li • Khoa Oia li, Truing Bgi hpc Su- phgm TPHCM; Email: fipdptiBt@gmail.com 189 TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tiudng BHSP TPHCM T0P14, So (2017): 189-197 cong nghifp, tilu thii c6ng nghifp vi dich N$i dung 2.1 Gia lang ddn s6 ctt hge vi tinh hinh vvi ngiy cing ting nhanh, nhu ciiu lao nh^p cu vio TPHCM dpng cao, s6 nguM nh^p cu cd xu hudng 2.1.1 Gia tdng ddn sd vd gia Idng ca hoc d ngiy cing nhieu dS gdp p h ^ day m ^ TPHCM t6c df dd thi hda ciing nhu gia ting dan TPHCM la diiu tiu cua n4n kinh t6 s6 Thanh Trong 10 nim, dan s6 ddt nu6c vdi t6c dp tang tru6ng kinh t6 Thinh ph6 ting them 2.086.185 ngudi cao, ddi s6ng nhan dan ngiy cing dugc vdi t6c df ting dSn s6 bf nhifn li 1,27% cai thifn, S6 lugng cic co sd xi nghifp [1] Bang Bien dgng ddn so o TPHCM thdi M 1999 - 2009 Don vi: Nguoi 1999 2004 2009 5.037.155 6.117.251 7.123.340 Toin DSn sd c^c qu^n 4.124,287 5.140.412 5.841.987 DSn s6 cic huyfn 912.868 976.839 1.281.353 Ngudn: [1], [2], [4] Bing cho thay tir 1999 den 2009, chi ting thfm 701,575 ngudi giai din s6 Thinh ph6 cd xu hudng ting dd giai dojn 2004 - 2009 so vdi 1,080,096 ngudi doEui g ^ diy s\T gia ting cd phiin chfm 1^ giai doan 1999 - 2004, Trong dan Giai doan 1999 - 2004, din s6 ting thfm so d cic huyfn 1^ ting 304.514 ngirdi so 1.080.096 ngudi (s6 ngudi nh|ip cu li vdi 63,971 ngudi cdng thdi gian 624,542 ngudi), Giai do?n 2004 - 2009, du 2.1.2 Quy md vd ldc dg Idng ddn nh4p cu dan s6 c6 ting c h ^ hon giai d o ^ trudc vao TPHCM Vdi chdc ning li trung tlm kinh tl, nhung via d miic cao, khoing 1,006,089 vin hda cda ci nude cimg vdi qui trinh ngudi, gan bing dan s6 cda mft tinh cd quy mo nhd, Trong dd, s6 ngudi nh|ip cdng nghifp hda, hifn d^ hda thdc diy cu 1^ cao hon giai d o ^ tnrdc, vio khoing kinh tl ting trudng manh ml, Thinh ph6 661,200 ngudi, Nhu v^y, dan s6 Tiiinh phd di hinh thinh cvrc hdt din cu cic dja chii ylu ting gia ting co hge vi chu ylu phuong khic den sinh song, lim vifc vi hge t^p [3], Do do, tie df gia ting eo hge li nh^p cu, cda TPHCM rfa cao; dd, s6 ngudi Dia bin t^p trung din cu cda thinh ph6 via li cic quin (hay cdn ggi li khu xudt cu td Thinh thdp (nim 2009, vvrc nfi thinh), chilm din 82% dan so, cic ti suit xuit CII li 20,896o so vdi ti suit nhfp huyfn ngo^ chi chilm 18% dan s6, eu li 156,496o) [1], Vi the, xem x6t Tuy ci nfi vi ngoai thinh deu cd s\r gia dinh gii tie df gia ting dan so eo hge eua ting din so nhung din cu cd chilu hudng Thinh phi can hudng din vifc dinh gii vl giin diin ngo^ thinh Din so d cic quin dan nhfp cu 190 TAP CHl KHOA HQC - Tru'dng BHSP TPHCM Huynh Phim DOng Phdt vd tgk Bdng Tdc dg gia tdng ddn sd TPHCM thai Id 1999 - 2009 Don vi: % 1999 2009 Binh quin thdi ki 1999-2009 Toe df gia ting din so 3,6 3,2 3,5 Toe df gia ting tvr nhign 1,35 1,03 1,27 Tie df gia ting ca hge 2,25 2,23 2,17 Ngudn: [1], [2], [4] TIC df gia tdng ty nhidn ndm 2009 cao hon 2% lam cho tie df gia tdng dan sd cd xu hudng giam so vdi ndm 1999 (giam ludn tren mdc 3% gia tdng ty 0,4%), binh qudn cioa thdi ki vdo khodng nhien lgi ed chilu hudng gidm xuong (xem 3,5%/ndm (cao hon thdi ki 1989 - 1999) Bdng 2) Trong dd, tdc df gia tdng ca hpc lgi tdng Toe df gja tdng eo hoc cd sy khdc bift manh so vdi thdi ki trudc NIU thdi ki 1989 giira cdc don vi hdnh chinh trdn dia hka - 1999 toe df gia tdng co hpc chi d miic Khdng xdt den cdc huyfn, chi rieng dia ban cdc qu|n ciing da cd sy phan hda cdc 0,84%/ ndm thi 10 ndm tilp theo tic df dd tdng gdp 2,8 Idn, binh qudn vdo quin mdi l|p ho$c xa trung tdm thu khodng 2,23 %/ndm [5] Trong thdi ki hiit dan eu din meinh hon so vdi cdc qu|n 1999 - 2009, tdc df gia tdng co hge ludn tnmg tdm vd qu|n hinh thdnh Idu ddi 1999 - 2009 cita mgt sd dja phucmg Bdng Toe dg gia tdng ca hoc thdi ki Tic df gia tang ctf hpc binh quan (%/nim) Toin thinh 2,23 Nhdm quin xa trung tam ho$c thinh l^p sau Quan2 3,02 Quan 5,94 Quan 4,73 Quan 12 9,02 Quin Thd Ddc Quan Tin Binh* 3,94 Huyfn Binh Chinh* 13,29 Qu|n Go Vip 5,84 7,81 Nhdm qu$n trung tam vi hinh thinh lau ddi Qu|n -3,82 191 TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tru'dng BHSP TPHCM T^ 14, So (2017): 189-197 Qu^3 -3,25 Qufn4 -2,37 Qufn5 -4,72 Quan -2,23 Qu$n8 QufnlO 0,43 -1,63 Qufnll -2,34 QufnPhdNhuIn -2,13 *Ndm 2003, qudn Tdn Binh tdch thdnh qugn Tdn Binh vd qugn Tdn Phii, huy Binh Chdnh tdch thdnh qudn Binh Tdn vd huy$n Binh Chdnh Ngudn: [5] Bdng eho thdy, tdt cd cdc quin xa ngudi, chiem 40,3%, qu|n Thii Diic vdi tnmg tdm vd qu|n thdnh I|p sau ddu cd toe 160.466 ngudi, chilm 47,6% ddn sl cua df gia tdng co hpc cao hon miic trung binh Qu|n Ddn nhdp cu t|p trung d cdc qu|n xa cua todn Thdnh phi Trong nhdm ndy cung trung tdm, quan mdi thdnh I|p vl ddy cd sy phdn hda nhat dinh huyfn Binh thudng Id noi dien qud trinh dd thi bda Chdnh (ndm 2003 tdch thdnh qu|n Binh mgnh, gid nhd d, djch vy phi hpp vdi nhilu Tan vd huyfn Binh Chdnh) cd tic df tdng tang ldp hon so vdi qu|n trung tam Thdi cao nhdt dgt 13,29%/ndm, cao gap 5,8 ldn Id 1999 - 2009 ciing Id luc hg tdng dupe so vdi miic binh qudn todn Thdnh Do ddu tu, phdt triln cdc khu dd thi nidi nhdm ddy Id cda ngo phia Tdy cila Thdnh phi gidn ddn tgi khu vyc trung tdm Hon nOa, tilp giap vdi cdc tinh viUig ding bdng sdi^ theo hifn trang va cdc quy hogch, cdc qugn Ciiu Long va dia ban ndy von t|p trung xa trung tdm la noi tpa lgc cdc dau mli nhilu nhd mdy, xi nghifp, dl tim vifc, chi gjao thdng van tdi nhu sdn bay Tdn Son phi song thdp va giao thdng thu|n tifn nen Nhdt, bin xe Miln Ddng, bin xe Miln Tdy, ddn nh|n lupng ngudi di eu idt ldn Cac ddy cung Id nhChig dia dilm thu hiit dan Qu|n 12 (9,02%/ndm), Thii Diic (7,81%) Id nh|p eu tgp trung \\ tifn di Igi vd budn bdn ciia ngd phia Ddng ciing cd miic tdng rdt Ngudi nh|p eu thue ho$e mua nhd d cdc cao qu§n ndy van eo thi vdo Idm vifc d nhiJng qu|n trung tdm dl gidm chi phf sinh hogt Trong sd 24 qu|n, huyfn cua todn Di ddn din Thdnh phi Id mpt hifn Thdnh phi thi cd qu|n, huyfn t|p trung hon 30% ngudi nh|p cu din sinh sing tupng tdt ylu qud trinh dd thi hda Trong do, nhilu nhdt Id qufn Binh Tan Tuy nhidn, vifc ngudi nh|p cu chii ylu t|p 204.951 ngudi, chilm 51,3% ddn so todn trung vdo cdc qu|n mdi vd qu|n xa trung qu|n, tilp theo la qu|n Gd Vdp 181.200 tdm ldm cho tic dp gia tdng ddn s6 tdng len 192 TAP CHt KHOA HOC - Tru'dng DHSP TPHCM Hi^nh Phdm Dang Phdi vd tgk rdt nhanh, quy md dan sl ngdy cdng ldn chi chiem 13,3% [I], [4] da phdn cdc dja phuong diu b) Ca cdu gidi tinh cdn cd nhieu hgn che ve co sd hg tang ciing Hifn nay, nhdp cu vdo Thdnh phi cd da tgo nhieu bdt cgp vifc ddu tu ti trpng nil gidi cao hon nam gidi Chi tinh phdt triln dd thi, xdy dyng co sd tdng ridng ba viing cd sl lupng ngudi di cu Idn vgt chdt kl thugt vd xd hfi ciing nhu quan li din TPHCM (ddng bdng sdng Hing, Bdc dd thi tgi cdc dia bdn qud trinh Trung Bf, dong bdng sdng Cihi Long) thi thi boa Idm tdng them dp lyc vdi nhihig vdn nii chilm den 71,8% vd nam chi chilm de vdn dd nan gidi ciia thdnh phd nhu d 28,2% Dieu ndy la qud trinh nhiem mdi trudng, tdc nghSn giao thdng, chuyen ddi kinh tl, Thdnh phd phdt triln nhd d, te ngn xd hfi, vdn dl vifc lam mgnh cdc nhom nganh dich vy vd nhdng Ngupc lgi xu hudng tren, eac qudn ngdnh cdng nghifp nhe phii hpp vdi n& trung tam Thanh phi lgi c6 miic gia tdng gidi hon nam gidi Ddng kl nhdt van la tgi CO hpe dm ddn sl chuyin di nhilu hon cac khu cdng nghifp, khu chl xudt vdi cdc dan sl chuyen den Nguyen nhdn ddn nh|p ngdnh gidy da, may m^, chl biln thiiy hdi cu it chuyin din nhihig qu|n npi thdnh sdn dd thu hiit Idn so lupng nii nhgp cu vdo chi ptii ve nha d, cdc dich vy phyc vy sinh Thanh phd Tren dia bdn Thanh phd, vdo hogt ddt Ben canh dd, khu vyc trung ndm 2009, cd 37.165 doanh nghifp vdi tdm duprc uu tidn phat triln vdn phdng, try 892.960 eong nhdn dang ldm vifc vd da sd lam vifc vd nhiing cdng trinh cdng cfng phdn Id lao dpng nQ [5] cua Thanh phd, nen mft sl lupng Idn ddn c) DQ tudi, tinh trgng hdn nhdn cda cu dd dupe di ddi nhdm Idm gidm mgt dp, nguai nhgp cu gidn ddn Da sl ngirdi nhgp cu vdo TPHCM 2.1.3 Ddc diem cda ngudi nhgp cu vdo ndm df tuli lao dfng vdi dp tuli ngdy cdng trd, gdp phan ldm thay dli co TPHCM cau ddn sl theo hudng tre hda, dem Igi a) Nguon gdc nhdp cu Kit qua hai cufc Ting dilu tra dan nhihig lpi ich vl tilm ndng lao dfng vd so vd nhd d ndm 1999 vd 2009 cho thdy nguon nhdn lyc cho Thdnh phi Ndm 2009, ngudi nhgp cu TPHCM cd nguon goc tii nhdm td 20 din dudi 35 tuoi chilm gdn 75% dan so nhgp cu Cy thi, nhdm 20 - 24 mpi miln dat nude Tgi thdi dilm ndm 1999, ba viing: trung du miln niii phia Bdc, tuli chilm din 39,2%, nhdm 25 - 29 tuli chilm 22,6% vd nhdm 30 - 34 tuoi chilm ding bdng sdng Hong vd Bdc Trung Bf 13,1% [1] chilm 24,7% ting sl ddn nhgp cu, din ndm 2009 vimg Bdc Tnmg Bf vd ding Ngodi ra, ngudi nhdp cu den Thdnh bang sdng Hong dd chilm din 39,3%, viing phi phan Idn dang tinh trgng df c ding bdng sdng Ciiu Long chilm 29,7%, than vdi 51,4% chua c6 vg chlng, chi c6 ngudi din tii viing Ddng Nam Bf 46,2% so ngudi nhgp cu eo gia *nh, so vdi 193 TAP CHi KHOA HOC - Tru-dng DHSP TPHCM viing Ddng Nam Bp tW tinh trgng hdn nhdn ciia ngudi nhap cu dien bidn ngupc lgi 51,8% Id ngudi ed gia dinh vd 46,8% Id ngudi df c than di cu din S6 lupng nii gidi cdn dfc thdn chilm 49,8% tong sd nu: vd dli vdi nam Id 53,7% vdo ndm 2009 [1] d) Trinh dd hge vdn vd trinh dg chuyen mdn Trinh df hpc vdn vd trinh df chuyen mdn cua lao dpng nhgp cu TPHCM cd sy suy gidm nhdt dinh, trudc day ngudi nh|p cu TPHCM dupe chpn lpc ki hon ve dieu dfng cdng tac, chuyin cdng tdc de nhgp hf khau, viec nhgp cu dupe tu hon, sd ngudi nhieu hon vd it dupe chpn lpc hon Thto thing ke ciia Lidn dodn Lao dfng TPHCM va Ban Qudn li cac khu che xudt - khu cdng nghifp thi trdn dia bdn Thanh cd 37.165 doanh nghifp vdi 892.960 cdng nhdn dang ldm vifc; dd c6 250.000 cdng nhdn ldm vifc tgi 940 doanh nghifp khu chl xudt, khu cdng nghifp vd 642.960 cdng nhdn tgi 36.225 doanh nghifp bdn ngoai Lao dfng cdc khu cdng nghifp cd 70% Id lao dfng nhgp cu, Iao dfng phd thdng Trong so ddn n h ^ cu, cd mpt bp ph|n la sinh vidn Nhihig sinh vidn ndy sau tot nghifp dd tim vifc ldm tgi Thanh phi nhilu nguydn nhdn: thii nhdt, co hfi vifc lam ciia lao dfng cd trinh df cao hon; thii hai, cd nhilu co hpi sd dyng chuydn mdn hon; thii ba, cufc sdng d thi thudng cd siic hiit ddi vdi gidi trd Ddy ehinh la bf ph|n nh|p cu thudng xuydn nhat Id nguin bl trp chdt lupng cho lyc 194 T^ 14, S6 (2017): 189-197 lupng lao dfng ciia Thdnh phi 2.2 Nguyin nhdn nhgp cu TPHCM Cd nhilu nguydn nhdn tdc dfng den ngudi nhdp cu TPHCM d ed noi di vd din 2.2.1 Cdc yiu td tgo l{cc hut tgi viing nhgp cu TPHCM c6 tic df tdng GRDP cao, td 6,2% ndm 1999 tdng len 12,6% ndm 2009 Kinh tl phdt triln dan den nhu cau lao dfng gia tdng, la ylu td thu hiit Iao dfng nh|p cu tii cdc dia phuong khdc Thanh phd Id trung tdm cdng nghifp Idn nhdt cd nude, ndm 2009 tic dp tdng trudng gid tri sdn xuat cdng nghifp chilm din 22,1% tdng gia tri sdn xudt edi^ nghifp c6a cd nude [5] Ngodi ra, ddy cdn Id dia phuong dan dau cd nude ve so lupng vd hifu qua kinh tl eiia khu cdng nghifp, khu che xuat Cdc khu cdng nghifp, khu chl xudt diu tdp trung tai cdc qu|n ven, qugn mdi vd ngogi thdnh Thdnh phi Nhu edu ve Iao dpng ciia cdc khu cdng nghifp, khu chl xuat noi rieng va cdc co sd cdng nghifp, dich vy ndi chung la rat ldn; vi vgy, dd gdp phdn day nhanh tie df gia tdng dan sl ca hpc cda TPHCM giai dogn 1999 2009 Thanh phi cdn Id trung tdm gido dye dao tgo dung thii hai cd nude sau thu dd Hd Nfi, vi vgy sl lupmg ngudi din hpe t|p eiing khd ldn Sl sinh vien cdc tnrdng eao ddng vd dgi hpc tdng 4,4 %/ndm giai dogn 1999 - 2009, tir 221.791 sinh vidn tdng ldn 533.341 sinh vien [5] Sy da dgng vl logi hhih ddo tgo dd thu hdt lupng ngudi din thdnh phd hpe tap ngdy cdng ddng Sau tit nghifp, mft lupng khd Idn sinh vidn TAP CHt KHOA HOC - Tru-dng DHSP TPHCM tilp tyc d lgi Thdnh phd tim kilm ca hfi, vifc Idm d TPHCM rdt phong phii vd da dgng: cd nhthig nganh ddi hdi chdt xdm cao, dong thdi cung co nhihig ngdnh nghe lao dfng phd thdng, khdng can nhilu trinh df vdn hda, ki thugt Ben canh do, TPHCM cd miic tdng tnrdng kinh tl cao hon tic dp tdng binh qudn ciia cd nude, dgt 12,6% ndm 2009 (cd nude 8,5%) Ting GRDP tdng nhanh td 52.754 ti ddng nam 1999 tdng len 135.053 ti ddng ndm 2009, tdng 2,6 ldn so vdi ndm 1999 Tie dp tdng trudng GRDP binh qudn ddu ngudi ludn eao hon ldn so vdi miic bmh qudn cOa todn quic Ndm 1999 dgt 10,08 trifu dIng/ngudi/ndm, din ndm 2009 dgt 18,7 trifu/ngudi/ndm (so vdi todn quoc Id 3,5 trifu/ngudi vd 6,42 trifu/ngudi/ndm) [2] Thu nh|p cao Id ylu tl tao lyc hut rdt ldn dli vdi ddn nh|p cu td cdc tinh, vi nguyen nhan ehii yeu ciia di cu den thdnh phi da phdn Id myc dich kinh tl Ngodi ra, lu|t cu tni quy dinh ve ddng kf tgm tni, thudng tni ddi vdi cdng dan Vift Nam tgi cdc thi lon edn don gian, dd tao dilu kifn thuan Ipi eho sy tdng mgnh ddn nhgp cu TPHCM Trudc ddy, dl dupe ddng ki hp khau, thdi gian tgm tni tgi Thdnh phi toi thieu nam, cd vifc lam dn dinh ldu ddi vd phdi Id chd sd hiiu nhd d hpp phdp Trong dd, Ludt Cu tni hifn chi ydu edu thdi gian tgm tni hai ndm dli vdi khu vyc nfi thdnh vd mft ndm dli vdi ngoai thdnh; khdng rdng buf c vl dilu kifn cdng vifc; rieng noi d hpp phdp thi khdng bdt buf c phdi ddng tdn sd hiiu nhd Ngodi ra, Thdnh cung dd ban hdnh Huynh Phdm DUng Phdt vd tgk nhidu chinh sdch uu ddi vl nhd d cho ngudi thu nhgp thap, nhu ehi thi sl 07/2003/CTUB ngdy 23/4/2003 nhdm ho trg eho ngudi thu nh§p thdp cd dilu kifn vay vln de tgo l|p nhd d, xdy dyng cdc khu tdi dinh eu d cdc qu|n ven vd qugn mdi dl gidn dan tir nfi thdnh Chinh sdch vl nhd d thdng thodng, tgo dieu kifn cho ngudi nh|p cu cd till mua nhd dn dinh cupe song dd Idm gia tdng sd ngudi nhgp cu TPHCM Hifn nay, ddn eu dang chuyin vl cae qu|n xa trung tdm vd qu$n Igp sau chii khdng phdi d cdc qugn trung tdm nhu trudc ddy Cdc qugn npi eu eiia Thanh gom Quan 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, Phli Nhu|n diu gidm sd ddn Ndm 2009, mgt dp ddn sd cua cdc qugn nhu Thii Diic, 12, 8, diu tdng idn so vdi ndm 1999, dilu ndy chdng td ddn cu dang lan tda nhOng viing ngogi thdnh Da phdn ngudi Iao dpng nhgp cu song tgp trung d cdc qu|n xa trung tam vd quan thdnh l|p sau, nhu qu|n Thii Diic Id 48,9%, Qugn 12 Id 48,8%, qu|n Tdn Phi 47,7%, qugn Go Vdp Id 41,7%, Qu|n Id 37,8%, qu|n Tdn Binh 36,8%, qudn Binh Chdnh 32,5% [1] Nguydn nhan Id gid cd (ddt dai, sinh hogt phf ) ciia cdc dia bdn ndy tuong dli thdp hon so vdi cdc qu|n trung tdm; ciing chfnh sdch mdi vl qudn li dd thi, gidn ddn vl cdc hudng dd thi ngogi thdnh, gidm dp lyc cho khu vyc trung tdm ve mpi m|t 2.2.2 Cdc yiu td tgo luc d^ tgi vung xudt cu d viing xudt eu, van dl that nghifp hay vifc Idm cd thu nhdp thdp, bap bdnh; viing thudng xuydn chju dnh hudng eiia TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tardng OHSP TPHCM thidn tai nhu bao, lu lyt, hgn hdn la cdc ylu tl tgo lyc ddy tgi vimg xudt eu Dilu kifn sinh hogt d noi xudt cu da phdn eho thdy miic sing v|it chdt ldn tinh thdn cdn thdp so vdi TPHCM, nhu: dilu kifn hpc tgp, vui choi gidi tri, chdm sdc siic khde, nhd d, giaofliong [3] Viing ndng thdn dan sd ddng, thidu ddt canh tdc, nhilu vimg sdn xudt thudn ndng ndn thu nhgp vd miic song cua ngudi ddn thdp Cdc th} tinh le chua thgt sy phat tridn todn dien, khd ndng tgo vifc lam da dgng cdn hgn che, cung vdi tdm If m^c cdm tham gia cdc ngdnh nghl lao dfng gidn don, ldm cdng nhdn tgi dia phuang sinh sing.cua bdn thdn ngudi lao dfng Chinh vi v|y, cd viing ddng bdng sdng Hong, Bdc Trung Bf, m$c dd khoang cdeh khd xa nhung ciing cd ddu hifu di cu din TPHCM de tim vifc lam Hay mft phdn di eu biln dli khf h|u tdc dfng din ylu tl kinh tl Trong trudng hpp ndy, cdc cd nhdn, hf gia dinh di cu sinh kl bi dnh hudng, chdng hgn d ding bdng sdng Cdu Long chiu tdc dfng cua xam nh|p m$n, dnh hudng mpt bf ph|n ndng ddn Hogt dfng sdn xudt, kinh tl tgi cdc dia phuang, ddc bift Id cdc tinh c6 kinh tl khd khdn, cdn chua da dgng, thu nhl^p cd sy chdnh Ifch khd ldn so vdi TPHCM, dd ddn tdi sy chuyin cu tii cdc vimg din Thdnh phi Miic thu nh|p binh quan mft thdng ciia Iao dfng khu vyc nhd nude d Thdnh phi ndm 2009 Id 2.515,2 nghin ding, cao gdp 1,4 ldn mdc thu nh|p cua lao dfng ding bdng sdng Hing; 1,5 ldn vimg 196 Tgp 14, sd (2017): 189-197 Bdc Trung Bf vd ding bdng sdng Cihi Long [2] 2.3 Mpt s6 gidi phdp nhdm tdng tinh cha dpng dinh hudng ddn nh^p cu d TPHCM Di cu din thi la mft quy lu|t tdt ylu, TPHCM khdng thi ngdn ch|in ddng nhgp cu md ndn xdy dyng nhttng co chl, nhung gidi phdp dl phdn bo, t|n dving nguin lao dfng nhdp cu mft cdeh hpp If Muln nhu vgy, thdi gian tdi, Thdnh phi cdn thyc hifn ding bf cdc gidi phdp sau: (i) Ddy manh vifc thyc hifn quy hogch phdt triln kinh tl va phdn bo dan cu tren quan dilm vimg TPHCM Trong dd, chii trpng din vifc ehuyin dich co cau kinh tl, t|p trung phdt triln cdc ngdnh cdng nghf cao, chuyin dich cdc ngdnh thdm dyng nhilu lao dfng vl cac dia phuong ldn cgn Khi dd, s3 gidm dupe khd ldn lao dfng nh|p cu trinh df cdn hgn che (ii) Tdng cirdng xdy dyng hf thing gjao thdng cdng cfng hifn dgi, tifn nghi, vgn chuyen nhanh chdng, an todn, tgo dieu kifn thufn lpi vifc di chuyin gitta viii^ trung tdm vd ngoai thanh; gitta TPHCM vd cdc dd th| vftinhdl trdnh vifc ddn nh|n dan cu tii cdc (^a phucmg ldn c|n phdi nh|p cu vdo Thdnh phi khdng cdn thilt (iii) Phdt triln co sd hg tdng giao thdng vfn tdi, khu ddn cu, cdc dieh vy cdng cfng d khu vyc vimg ven; dd, chii trpng ddy nhanh tiln dp di ddi cdc trudng dgi hpc, bfnh vifn ldn cdc huyfn ngogi thdnh nhdm tilp tyc ndng eao khd ndng gidn ddn d khu vyc nfi thdnh Kit lu$n TAP CHf KHOA HQC - Tm-dng DHSP TPHCM Ddn sd Id yeu to co bdn vifc phat triln kinh t l - xd hdi, dd, de tiuic ddy t i c df tdng trudng kinh te vd dd thi hda can phdt trien dan sd va phdn bd ddn eu mft cdeh hpp If Hai thdch thdc ndi b^t ciia vifc phdt triln dd thi ben viing d TPHCM hifn Id quy md ddn sd qua ldn, ngdy cdng tdng nhanh vd tinh trgng nhgp cu ty phdt vdo Thdnh p h i tilp tyc gia tdng nhihig ndm gan ddy Dilu ndy dan den nhihig khd khdn vifc qudn li dan cu ndi rieng vd qudn If kinh te - x3 hfi ndi chung Qua vifc nghien ciiu nhttng ddc dilm Hupnh Phdm DUng Phdt vd tgk CO bdn ve dan nhgp cu tai TPHCM, bdi bdo tao tien dl cho cdc hudng nghidn cdu tilp theo viec tham vdn nhiing chinh saeh cy the hon doi vdi qudn Ii, tan dyng nguin lao dfng eua Thdnh phd ndi ehung vd ddn nhgp cu noi rieng Bdn cgnh dd, chting tdi cung budc ddu de xudt ba nhdm gidi phdp nhu dd ndu tren nhdm dinh hudng cho vifc chd dfng dieu tiet ddn nhdp cu din Thdnh de noi ddy thyc sy trd thdnh mft thi vdn minh, hifn dgi; bdo dam cdc vdn d l v l mdi trudng sdng; xdng dang vdi vi tri la ddu tdu, dpng lyc phdt trien trdn mpi m$t ciia cd nude TAI L i l u THAM K H A O Ban Chi dgo Ting dilu tra ddn sl va nha d Trung uong (2010), Tdng diiu tra ddn sd vd nhd d Viit Nam ndm 2009 - Kit qua diiu tra todn bg, Nxb Thong ke Cpc Thing kd Thanh Ho Chi Minh (2011), Niin gidm thdng ke 2010, Nxb Thing k& Nguyin Minh Hda (2005), Vimg thi chdu A vd Thdnh phd Hd Chi Mmh, Nxb Ting hpp TPHCM Ting CMC Thong ke (2001), Tdng diiu tra ddn sd vd nhd d Viit Nam 1999 - Ket qud diiu tra todn bg, Nxb Thong ke Vifn Nghien cun phat triln Thanh phi Ho Chi Minh (2009), Ddn sS vdi phdt triin kinh ti xd hgi Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh, TPHCM Ghictia: ^ Bii bfio stt d\mg s6 U§ii tCr hai cu$c T6ng di^u ta dSn s6 v6 nhh is nSm 1999 vi 2009 197 TIN HOAT BQNG KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE ^ Gidi thirdng vl khoa hpc cdng nghf Ngay 07 thdng 01 ndm 2017, Bf Giao dye vd Ddo tgo dd tl chdc Ll trao Gidi thudng "Sinh vidn nghidn cdu khoa hpc" nam 2016 tgi Tnrdng Dai hpc Giao thdng Van tdi, Hd Npi Trudng Dgi hpc Su phgm TP Hd Chi Minh cd 05 cdng trinh dgt gidi thudng gdm: 01 giai nhdt cua nhom SV Nguyen Thj Bich Thao, Nguyen Hodng XuSn Huy Khoa Tdm li hge, PGS TS Hu^'nh Vdn Son hudng dan; 01 giai nhi cua SV VO Trdn Dinh Duy - Khoa Vgt li, ThS Hodng Vdn Hung hudng ddn; 02 giai ba cua nhdm SV Do Dinh Linh Vu, Do Gia Linh - Khoa Ngd vdn, ThS Le Thj Ngpc Chi hudng dan; SV Do Thi Hodi, Bui Thf Tam - Khoa Hda hge ThS Ph^m Dire DOng hudng dan va 01 gidi khuyen khich ciia nhdm SV Ph^m Thi M^ Dung, Cao Thj Hiln Hda, LS Tu Qu>'nh - Khoa Gido dye Mdm non, TS Phan Thj Thu Hien hudng dan Ciing tgi bull Id, Phong Khoa hpc Cdng nghf vd Mdi tnrdng - Tgp chi Khoa hpc Trudng Dgi hpc Su phgm TP Ho Chi Minh dupe Bf trudng Bf Giao due vd Ddo tgo tdng Bdng khen vl tich xudt sdc tl chdc hogt dfng nghien eihi khoa hpc ciia sinh vien ndm 2016 Ngdy 11 thdng 12 ndm 2016, Le Ting kit, trao gidi Gidi thudng Nghidn cdu Khoa hpc Eureka ldn thu XVIII ndm 2016 da dupe td chdc tai Hpi trudng Nhd Vdn hoa Thanh nien, TP Hd Chi Minh Trudng Dgi hpc Su phgm TP Hi Chi Minh cd 03 cdng trinh dgt gidi thudng gdm: 02 gidi ba cua nhdm SV Nguyen Le Bao Hodng, Nguyin Phan Nh^t Lam, Giang Thien VQ - Khoa Tdm li hge PGS TS HuJ'nh Vdn Son hudng ddn; SV Tran Khoa NguySn - Khoa Ngit vdn ThS NguySn Hihi Nghia hudng dan va 01 gidi khuyin khich ctia nhdm SV Cao Th} Hiln Hda, Ph^m Thi ^S Dung, LS Tiii Qu^-nh Khoa Giao due Mdm non TS Phan Thj Thu Hien hudng dan ^ Nghifm thu dl tdi khoa hpc vd cdng nghf Td ngdy 24-11-2016 din ngdy 23-12-2016 dd cd 13 de tdi khoa hpc vd cdng nghf cap Co sd gidng vidn, cdn bf Trudng Dai hpc Su phgm TPHCM Idm chu nhifm dupe nghifm thu Cy thi nhu sau: TT 198 M9s6 Ten de Ui CS.2015.19.68 Ddng gdp c^c tigng thdi kfch thfch cila di$n tii ISn ph6 phdt x^ s6ng di^u h6a b | c cao TS Phan Ngpc Loan Thj CS.2015.19.49 Tfeh h?p n$i dung r^n tuy^n tri tuf xSt h^i cho sfnh vi€ii film nhlt Tnrdng D^i hpc Su pham TP H Chf Minh ThS Kieu Thanh Trd Thi Chii nhilm Bon vj NgSy nghifm thu Xif io;i IChoa V4t ii 24-ii-20i6 T6t IChoa Tamlfhpc Oi-12-2016 Tot vio hpc phin TSm If hpc d^i cuang CS.2015.19.50 Tiiyc tr^ng r6n luy^n n g h i ^ vy su ph^m cho sinh viSn mft so khoa t^i Tnrimg D^i hpc Su phgm TP H6 Chi Minh T6ng hpp vk th9m d6 ho?t tfnh sinh hpc ciia phiic chit Pt(II) v6i thiosemicarbazon chiia hpp phin piperidin Nghi£n ciiu dieu ch£ zeolite Y ttr cao lanh Vi^t Nam vh iing dyng ]iaa chit xiic tdc cho qud trinh nhi^t phSn nh\ia poly propylene thu hoi diu nhiSn li$u TS Nguy§n Thj Tuf Khoa Tim II hpc 01-12-2016 T6t TS Ducmg B i VQ Khoa Hda hpc 03-12-2016 T6t TS NguySn Thi True Linh Khoa H6a hpc 03-12-2016 Tot Khoa V$t 11 07-12-2016 T6t CS.2015.19.23 CS.2015.19.20 CS.2015.19.63 NghiSn cihi th&nh phdn phi dinh xu th^ t ^ X9 hgt nhan ThS Lpc CS.2015.19.39 Nghien curu kha nSng khSng oxi h6a in vitro ci>a ciy Nam sim bd (Boerhavia diffusa L.) d Cdn Gift - TP H Chf Minh ThS Nguyin Thj Hang Khoa Sinh hpc 07-12-2016 Khi CS.2015.19.82 D £ xuit md hinh qu^n tri tgi Truimg Dgi hpc Su phgm TP H i Chf Minh dieo co che ty chU TS Phgm Thj Lan Phupng Vifn Nghiin cihi Giio dye 13-12-2016 Khi CS.2015.19.42 NghiSn ciiu d ^ tfnh di cu v i thyc b4o ciia hing cdu d £ch ding (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Wiegmann, 1834)) ThS Trin Thj Phuong Dung Khoa Sinh hpc 13-12-2016 Tit CS.2015.19.54 Tlm hiiu nh$n thtic ciia nguiri hpc v l da ngdn ngft (Plurilinguisme) v i tilp xi^c cic tigfin ngtt v i ngoii nude (Contacts des langues internes et extemes) TS Nguyin Thj Tuai Khoa Tilng Phip 15-12-2016 Tit 10 Biiii Minh 199 nhim de xuit hucing ting dyng theo Didactic^ x3 h$i vifc dgy tilng n6i chung v i tilng Phip n6i riing 11 CS.2015.19.21 12 CS.2015.19.16 13 CS.2015.19.67 V^n dyng mo hinh Blended-Learning d^y hpc hpc phin "Tin hpc ling dyng H6a hpc" thong qua hf th6ng quin If hpc tip Moodle Khio sit thii dp ciia hpc sinh trung hpc ph6 thdng if m§t s6 truimg tgi Thinh p h i H i Chf Minh d l i vdi m6n H6a hpc Thiit k i mOt s6 thi nghidm c a hpc diing cim biin chuyin dpng d i hS trp qui trinh dgy hpc c i c chuang "DOng hpc chit diim" v i "Cdc djnh lugt bio toin" Vgt H 10 THPT ThS Thii Minh Hoii Khoa Hda hpc 23-12-2016 T6t ThS Dio Thj Hoing Hoa Khoa Hda hpc 23-12-2016 Tit ThS L i Hii MJ Ngin Khoa V§t If 23-12-2016 Tit CAC S TAP CHl KHOA HQC S A P Tdl: T i p 14, S6 (2017): Khoa hoc tvnhiSn vi cdng ngh^ TUp 14, S6 (2017): Khoa hqc giio due U p 14, S6 (2017): Khoa hqc xS hfi vi nhSn vSn San */Sn (lp Tsp chi Khoa hoc r^t mons nWn dlflpc S(f (rao ( A ffidng » j cOacicdim vl b^n vi (fupc ban dqc thudng xuyin dng tic bii v6, gdp if xiy dgrtg 200 ... Huynh Phim DOng Phdt vd tgk Bdng Tdc dg gia tdng ddn sd TPHCM thai Id 1999 - 2009 Don vi: % 1999 2009 Binh quin thdi ki 1999- 2009 Toe df gia ting din so 3,6 3,2 3,5 Toe df gia ting tvr nhign 1,35... tir 1999 den 2009, chi ting thfm 701,575 ngudi giai din s6 Thinh ph6 cd xu hudng ting dd giai dojn 2004 - 2009 so vdi 1,080,096 ngudi doEui g ^ diy sT gia ting cd phiin chfm 1^ giai doan 1999. .. thifn, S6 lugng cic co sd xi nghifp [1] Bang Bien dgng ddn so o TPHCM thdi M 1999 - 2009 Don vi: Nguoi 1999 2004 2009 5.037.155 6.117.251 7.123.340 Toin DSn sd c^c qu^n 4.124,287 5.140.412 5.841.987