TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM S3 5(83) nam 2016 MOT SO DAC TRU>fG CUA PHU NlT NHAP CU^ TAI THANH PHO HO CHI MINH GIAI DOAN 1999-2009 TRLrONG VAN TUAN' TOM T A T Lao dpng nd nhdp cu vdo Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh (TPHCM) 10 ndm dau cua thi ki XXI la mpt hiin tugng xd hpi ddng dugc quan tdm vi ede ddc trung vd dnh huang cua nd din su phdt triin kinh ti - xd hdi (KT-XH) khdng nhirng d TPHCM md cdn d rit nhieu tinh khdc Bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy cdc yiu td chinh tdc ddng din di cu vd mpt sd dgc trung eda phu nu di cu din TPHCM trin co sd xir li vd phdn tich cdc sd lieu dd duge cdng bd ehinh thue Tit khda: nhap cu, ddc tnmg, phu nit nhdp cu ABSTRACT Some characteristic of female immigrants in Ho Chi Minh city, period 1999-2009 Immigrated female workers in Ho Chi Minh City in the first decade of the twentyfirst century is a social phenomenon worth attending because of its characteristic and influence dn the economic-social development of not only Ho Chi Minh city, but also ma other provinces The article presents the main factors affecting migration and some characteristics of female immigrants in Ho Chi Minh city through processing and analyzing officially announced data Keywords: immigration, characteristics, female immigrants D^t van dl Cac nghien ciiu ve dl cu d Viet Nam hien cho thay, giai doan 2004-2009 co khoang 60% [1] so ngudi tham gia di cu Id nir, ngudi di cu chu yeu dp tudi lao ddng, nguyen nhdn chinh ciia viec di cu la viec lam va thu nhap, vi the cd the ndi dl cu d Viet Nam hien Id dl cu lao ddng Sir phdt trien KT-XH tai mdt sd khu vuc, mot sd phd cd vai trd la vimg tdng trudng vd cue phdt trien ciia ddt nudc, cua viing la ddng luc chinh cua cdc ddng di cu Trong cdc ddng di cu thi ddng di cu ndng thdn thj dang dien vdi quy md ldn nhat Vi the, giai doan hien nay, lao ddng nhdp cu d mpt sd phd ldn dd vd dang anh hudng rdt ldn din su phat trien KTXH Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh la mdt phd ddc biet, hang ndm tiep nhdn sd lao ddng nhdp cu ldn nhat so vdi cdc tinh thdnh khdc ctia ca nudc, dd cd tren 60% la lao ddng nit, vi the nghien ciiu mpt sd dac tnmg cua phu nii nhdp cu Id viec lam can thiit giiip xdy dung chinh sdch vl di cu va sii dung ngudn lao ddng phii hgp vdi chiSn TS., Tru&ng Ogi hpc Su- pham TPHCM; Email: tniongtuandhsp@yahoo.com 126 TAP CHl KHOA HQC BHSP TPHCM Truang Van Tuin lu(?c ph^t trien KT-XH c^ dai \h ngan han Nghien cuu trinh bay mot s6 dac tnmg cua phu niJ nhap cu vong 10 nam dau cua the ki XXI tren ca scr xu li va phan tich cac so lieu da duoc cong bo bai Tong cue Th6ng k6 tu cupc T6ng di6u tra dan s6 va nha a (goi tit la TDT) gSn day nhit [3] Di cir cua phu nir v4o TPHCM giai doan 1999-2009 2.1 Cac yiu td tdc Spng Sin di at ciia phu nit vao TPHCM 2.1.1 Yeu to ly:c Say Cac yeu to luc diy thuong la a nai xuit cu Cac tai lieu nghien cuu vS di cu nuac hiSn cho thay cac yeu to chinh lien quan den "luc day" tac dgng din quyet dinh di cu cua phu nG gom: thi truang lao dgng, viec lam nai xuat cu; va hoan canh gia dinh (hau het la lien quan den thu nhap, muc song) cua nu lao dgng di cu Thi trucmg lao dong ncri xudt cu Vcti su phat triSn cua khoa hoc va cong nghe, s6 lugng viec lam a nong th6n cang giam, cung voi no la su gia tang chenh lech thu nhap, muc song giua thi va n6ng thdn S6 lieu tong hgp tu cac cugc dieu tra muc song h6 gia dinh giai doan 19902009 cho thay, vao dau nhOng nam 1990, nong nghiep tao khoang 80% lugng viec ISm cho lao dgng n6ng thdn D6n nam 2008, ti le giam xuflng gin 58% Su thay doi bat huge lao dflng o nflng thfln, nhat la lao dflng tre hoac phai tim kiem viec lam phi nong nghiep nflng thfln hoac phai di cu den cac khu vuc thi de tim kiem vi?c lam Mflt sfl bao cao nghidn ciiu ve lich sii di cu tai Viet Nam da ghi nhan xu hucfng lao dgng dich chuyen tir san xuat nflng nghiep sang cac khu vuc san xuat cflng nghiep hoa va dich vu, tao luflng di cu theo cip sfl nhan toi cac khu vuc thi phat triSn co nhiSu viec lam [1] Ngoai xu huong di cu nguyen nhan tim viec lam phi nfing nghigp thai gian "nflng nhan" [1] Cac sfl lieu thflng ke chinh thiic cho thay, gin 30% lao dgng a nong thfln Viet Nam d tinh trang co viec lam khflng diy du (co viec nhtmg lam viec duoi 30 gio mgt tuin) Tinh trang "nong nhan" va co viec lam khong diy du a nong thfln va nhu ciu nang cao miic sflng la nhung nguyen nhan chinh din dSn quySt dinh di cu, dac biet la ngin han Day la mot nguySn nhan quan trgng din den quygt dinh cua phu nQ di cu tit nfing thon voi dfing co tim viec lam thai gian "nflng nhan" ik bfl sung thu nhap cho hg gia dinh Day la li chinh giai thich cho hien tugng di cu theo miia vu cua phu nii rit phfl bifa a cac tinh 14n cSn TPHCM Hoan canh gia Sinh Yflu tfl gia dinh lufln la mflt tac nhan quan trgng anh huong true tiSp va sau sic toi di cu cua phu nii Cac vin dS gia dinh vira co the la yeu to luc day, vita co thj la ySu tfl luc hut Ckc vin dS lien quan d6n hoan canh kinh ti Vao khan cua gia dinh nhu: gia dinh dflng ngucri nhtmg khong co nhiflu nguai co kha nang lao dflng; gia dinh co nguoi dau 6m, tan tat ; nhu ciu hgc tap cua cai la nhihig yeu tfl lire day phfl bien dan din quySt dinh di cu DiSu kien kinh tS gia dinh gap kho khan dugc xem la mpt TAP CHI KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM S3 5(83) ndm 2016 nhimg nguyen nhan chinh thiic day phu nO phai di cu de tim kiem viec lam va tao thu nhdp Cd rdt nhilu hodn cdnh cu the ddn den nhimg khd khdn vl kinh tl dugc ghi nhan cdc khao sat djnh tinh Cdc khia cgnh khdc Ben canh hai lire ddy chinh ndi tren, ket qua khao sat cho thdy mdt sd yeu td khac thiic day quyet djnh di cu gdm: dieu kien tu nhien khdng thudn lgi va co sd tdng kem phdt trien tai noi xuat cu deu gay nhimg khd khdn da dang hda sinh kl, tao thu nh£ip cho hg gia dinh ddn den thu nhap thdp va bdp benh 2.1.2 Yiu td lue hut Yeu td lire hiit thudng d noi nhdp cu tao ra, trudng hgp TPHCM hien nay, ylu td giii vai trd quyet dinh nhdm yeu td (lire hiit vd lire day), bao gdm: Co hpi viic ldm Di cu de tim kiem ca hdi viec Iam, tao thu nhdp la li chinh di cu hien n6n CO hdi viec lam dugc coi la yeu td lire hiit quan trgng hang ddu tai noi din Phu nii dl cu din TPHCM (da sd la cdng nhdn) nhdn thay: TPHCM la noi cd nhilu viec lam d nhimg khu cdng nghiep va nhieu ngdnh nghe tu khac; cdng viec chi yeu cdu lao dgng d trinh phd thdng Bdng chimg tir thuc te la hdu hit phu nit nhdp cu vao TPHCM diu cd viec ldm Chiing tdi cho rdng ddng di cu la su bd sung khdng thl thieu de phdt trien cac nganh nghe sii dung nhieu lao dgng hien ciia Thanh phd Thu nhdp eao han dia bdn xudt eu Chenh lech ve thu nhdp giiia ndng thdn vd thj d VN hien la mdt siic hiit ldn ddi vdi di cu din cac phd Theo sd lieu ciia Tdng cyc Thdng ke, chenh lech thu nhdp giiia thj vd ndng thdn Id rdt cao va ngdy cdng gia tang Ndm 1999, thu nhap binh quan ddu ngudi d thj la 517.000 ddng, d ndng thdn la 225.000 ddng/thang/ngudi; din ndm 2008, cac sd ndy tuang img la 1.605.000 so vdi 762.000 ddng/ngudi/thdng (xem Bilu dd) Bieu thu nhdp binh qudn cua lao dpng phdn theo thdnh thi - ndng thon VN qua cdc ndm Nguon; Bp Nong nghiep & Nong thon ndm 2012 (S6 lieu TCTK) TAP CHi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Trittmg Van Tuin Bieu dfl tren cho thiy khoang each thu nhap trung binh cua lao dflng a nong thfln va thi la rit dang ke va co xu huong cang Ion giai doan 1999-2008 Ngoai thu nhap dugc thflng ke tren, mflt khpan thu nhap rit dang ki khac tit viec lam them cua lap dgng di cu thuang mang lai tir 1/3 din 1/2 tang thu nhap Thanh thj, rp rang la mflt luc hut rat Ion dfli voi lao dgng a nong thfln, nhat la lire lugng lao dflng tre chua tim dugc ca hgi viSc lam ngoai nong nghiep Cac yeu to Ichdc Ben canh hai nhom yeu to Iuc day va luc hut da dugc phan tich of tren, nhom yeu tfl khac xuit phat tir ca nhan nguai di cu lien quan din mong mufln thay dfli mfii trucmg song, tim kiem ca hfii phat trien Day la nhiing dflng co di cu co tinh "nhan van" cao, cy the CO the liet ke: • Mong mufln thay dfli mfli truong sfing la mpt dgng ca di cu kha quan trgng Thflng tin vfl cugc sfing va ca hfii a nhirng khu vyc dfl thi phat trien nhanh, ve nhimg truang hgp di cu "thanh cong", tham chi la "dfli doi" da dan dan tao tam li cua khflng it nien nflng thfln mong mufln thay dfli moi truong sflng Den mong mufin dii manh, va/hoac co thfing tin va su Ifli keo ciia ban be, hg hang thi di cu la hier thuc hoa ciia mong mufln Mong mufln mo rgng quan he xa hgi va tim ban dai, ciing la mgt dflng ca di cu gin voi mong mufin thay dfli mfli trucmg sflng Mong mufln hgc hoi, tim kiim ca hgi phat trien cung dugc la mpt yeu tfl quan trgng din den quyet dinh di cu ciia phu nii Tinh phfl biin cua nhirng yeu tfl nfli tren la van de rat dang quan tam Vi vai nhiing dfli tugng phu nii di cu theo dflng ca la nhiing nguoi tu nguyen va vi ki vgng vao sir thay dfli mfli tnrong sfing tfit dep hon 2.2 Mft si Sac trung cua phu ntt nhap cit TPHCM Voi cac yiu tfl tac dgng din phy nii di cu nhu phan tich tren, di cu se dupc chpn lpc theo no, vi thi phu nir nh?p cu TPHCM co mgt sfl dac trung rit dang dugc quan tam 2.2.1 ViSotuSi So lieu TDT da cung cip bing chimg ro rang vi mgt hien tugng rit dang chil y trgng cac nghien cim di cu thuong dugc biit din voi ten ggi "nii hoa di cu" Diflu cang thi hien ro va co y nghia hon a sfl nu nhSp cu dfl tufli lao dgng o TPHCM No dugc thi hien rit ro qua hai chi sfl: Thii nhit, sfl nii nhap cu chiim hon mflt nira tflng sfi dan nhap cu a mpi lira tufii; thii hai, sfl nii nhap cu, dac biet la dp tufii lao dgng lien tue tang hai thap ki qua (tang tir 203.891 nguori giai doan 1994-1999 len 522.157 ngucii giai d o ^ 2004-2009 - tang gin 2,5 lin), lao dgng sung siic tang gin lin (tir 172.459 ngucri len 447.849 nguai) Sfl nu nhap cu vao TPHCM a tufli lao dpng sung siic chiim tren 85% sfl nii nhap cu dp tufii lao dflng ca giai doan cho phep khing dinh: lao dpng, viec lam va thu nhap la nguyen nhan chinh ciia nh|ip cu TPHCM hien Diiu ciing cho thiy nhtmg dong gop quan trpng cua lao dpng nii nh^p cu dfli vai sir phat triin KT-XH ciia Thanh phfl TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCIVI So 5(83) nam 2016 Bang Nhdp cu nif TPHCMphdn theo nhom tuSi, giai Scan 1999-2009 2004-2009 1994-1999 So nir So nii' TS TS Nhom tuoi nh|p cir Ti le (%) Tile(%) nhap cir (nguoi) (ngiroi) (ngirdi) (ngffoi) 49% 18.836 39.025 38.056 48% 18.745 5-14 61% 31.257 56.315 27.615 56% 16.786 15-17 85.028 56% 146.067 55.011 58% 31.029 18-19 52% 186.304 342.635 136.630 54% 70.836 20-24 51% 101.570 200.203 35.977 70.467 51% 25-29 50% 43.689 93.748 17.867 35.913 47% 30-34 50% 11.556 22.893 26.408 56.026 35-39 47% 40-44 8.491 16.511 51% 18.348 34.609 53% 54% 45-49 5.491 10.199 13.543 24.702 55% 3.294 5.902 56% 50-54 9.045 15.529 58% 2.564 4.390 58% 55-59 6.963 10.935 64% 60+ 10.178 61% 6.171 8.110 12.998 62% TSLD 203.891 385.531 53% 522.157 980.768 53% LDSS 172.459 325.636 53% 447.849 838.968 53% LDSS/TSLD 85% 84% 86% 86% Nguon: Xu li tir TBTddn so nam 2009 Bang cho thiy co gin 76% (so vol di cu nude nuoc la 60%) phu nii nhap cu TPHCM a dp tufli tir 15 den 29 (tufii lao dflng sung siic nhit), nhom phy nu nhjp cu khoang 20 din 24 mfii chiim ti le cao nhit - gin 35% (so vcri di cu ca nuoc la 30,4%), tiip theo la nhom tir 25 din 29 tufli Ket qua phan tich ciing da cung cap them nhimg bing chiing khing dinh phat hiSn trudc day ve di cu: Ngutri di cu thuong la nhirng nguai tre tufli Sfl lieu ciing cho thay mflt phat hien thu vi khac la phu nil tham gia vao sfl ngucri nhap cu nhiiu hon nam giai nhom tufli co miic tap trung cao ciia ngutri nhap cu, la tir 15 din 29 tuii (cao nhit len den gin 60% - lira tufli tir 15-19) Kit qua nhic nho cac vin di nhu hfln nhan, site khoe, sinh san cho phu nii di cu cin dugc quan tam nhiiu hem Hien tirong nhap cu noi tren se lam gia tang nhirng tac dpng KT-XH cua di cu cr TPHCM, chang ham tac dgng din hfln nhan, lire lugng lao dpng, thi mrong lao dgng, dao t?o nghi, nha va ca mfli lo ngai vi kha nang tim kiim ban dai ciia nu nien nhap cu Bang chiing vi tinh trang hfln nhan da noi len tit ca 2.2.2 Tinh trang hon nhdn vd gia Sinh Phan 1cm nii nhap cu TPHCM dang tufii hfln nhan (20 din 29 tufli) 130 TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Truang Van Tuan Kflt qua khao sat ve tinh trang hfln nhan Bang cho thay: Sfl nguoi dfic than nO chiem gan 60%>; co tren 50% sfl nii nhap cu chua co chflng tflng sfl nguflfi nhap cu chua CO vg/chflng Cac tinh trang hfln nhan khac nii chiim ti le rit cao, dac biet la tinh trying goa bua, li hfln (gan 90%) va li than Hien tugng nhap cu nii chiim uu thi giai doan da lam cho ti sfi giai tinh dan cu TPHCM ciia ca giai doan chi co 92% (92 nam/100 nQ) Diiu dat nhiiu vin di vi xa hgi cin xem xet dfii v6i TPHCM, dac biSt la vin di mit can bing vi gioi tinh, hon nhan - gia dinh, tinh fin djnh ciia lao dflng nhap cu (xem Bang 2) Bang Tinh trgng hon nhdn nO nhgp cu TPHCM, giai Sogn 1994-1999 1994-1999 Tinh trang hon nhan Chua/vg chflng Co vg/chflng Goa Li hfin Li than So nir nhap cir (ngydi) 120.643 79.166 6.613 2.345 979 2004-2009 Tflng so (ngiroi) Tilf 241.898 141.656 7.453 2.909 1.248 50% 56% 89% 81% 78% (%) So nir nhap cir (nguoi) 311.371 203.539 9.329 4.482 1.546 Tong so (nguoi) Tile 601.184 374.278 10.577 5.593 2.135 52% 54% 88% 80% 72% (%) Ngudn: Xic li tir TDT ddn sd ndm 2009 2.2.3 Trinh dp vdn hda vd CMKT Trinh dg van hoa (xem Bdng 3, Bdng 4) Dang chu y nhdt vl trinh vdn hda Id: CJ nhdm cd trinh vdn hda thdp (chua tdt nghiep THCS, nhdm rdt khd cho viec dao tao tay nghe) nii chiem 60% sd ngudi nh|p cu; sd nu: d nhdm cd trinh van hda thdp so vdi sd nir nhdp cu chiem ti Id cao bit ngd, tren 70% Chi cd khodng tren 15% sd ngudi nhap cu tdt nghiep THPT, tren 12% tdt nghiep THCS (Bang 4) Trong giai d o ^ , ti Id cd thay doi theo chilu hudng tdt hon nhung khdng ddng kl Tinh trang ve trinh vdn hda nhu tren se la rao can khdng nhd vl chdt lugng lao ddng mudn tai cdu triic cac ngdnh kinh te, dd la chua ndi din cac he luy khdc Dilu cung la co sd cho nhihig ggi y vl chinh sdch nhdp cu ciia Thdnh thdi gian tdi 131 SS 5(83) nam 2016 TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Bdng Trinh SQ vdn hoa mi nhdp cu TPHCM, giai Sogn Trinh van hoa Biet doc biet viet Khflng biet dgc biit viit Chua bao gia den truong Chua tflt nghiep TH Tflt nghiep TH Tflt nghiep THCS Tfit nghiep THPT So nir nhap cir (ngiroi) 220.311 Tong so (ngirdi) Tile 52% So nir nhap cir (ngirdi) 540.445 1.017.131 53% 13.892 61% 8.405 15.247 55% iiiiii 12.099 62% 5.337 9.380 57% Tong so (ngudi) Tiie 419.842 8.480 7.507 (%) (%)' lii ôã 27.936 46.512 60% 44.536 76.775 58% 77.273 126.656 61% 134.302 234.695 57% 55.880 99.075 56% 141.012 264.461 53% 60.164 149.345 40% 223.848 447.280 50% Bdng Ti le nU nhdp cuphdn Trinh van hoa Biet doc biet viet Khong biet dgc biet viet Chua bao gio' den truang Chua tfit nghiep tieu hgc Tflt nghiep tieu hgc Tflt nghiep THCS Tflt nghiep THPT Tong 1999-2009 2004-2009 1994-1999 theo trinh So vdn hoa giai Sogn 1994-1999 So nir nhap cir Ti le (%) 220.311 48,15 8.480 1,85 7.507 1,64 27.936 6,11 77.273 16,89 55.880 12,21 60.164 457.551 13 100 1999-2009 2004-2009 So nu* nhap cir 540.445 8.405 5.337 44.536 134.302 141.012 223.848 1097.885 Nguin: Xir li tir s6 lieu cim TDTnam Tile(%) 49,23 0,V 0,49 4,06 12,23 12,84 20,39 100 1999, 2009 Trinh chuySn mon kl thuat (CMKT) Bang duoi day cho thiy cfl toi 55% sfi lao dpng nhap cu nii so vol 45% lao dpng nhap cu nam chua qua dao tao CMKT; co tai 92,5% giai doan 1994-1999 va 86,6% giai doan 2004-2009 sfi lao dpng nu nhap cu chua qua dao tao CMKT tren tflng sfi lao dpng nii nhjp cu Trinh dp cac cip lai: dai hpc va cao ding la 3,5% va 6,5%; trung cip: 1,8% va 3,4%; so cip: 1,9% va 3,5% tuong iing vol giai dpan Cac sfl lifu tren noi len vin di rat dang chii y: (1) Dai da sfl lao dpng nii nhap cu co trinh dp chuyen mfin rit thip; va (2) Tinh trang thira thiy thiiu thg nhom co trinh dfi chuyen mon 132 Jiii TAP CHi KHOA HOC OHSP TPHCM Tritang Vdn Tudn Bing Trinh So CMKT lao Song nit nhgp cu TPHCM, gigi dogn 1999-2009 1994-1999 Trinh d$ chuySn mon -Chua' dao t^io CMKT ~So cap Trung cip Cao ding Dai hoc trdr ISn 2004-2009 So nir nh^p cir (ngirdi) T6ng sd (ngirdi) Tilf 194.357 353.909 4.074 3.892 1.736 5.992 12.126 8.065 5.272 16.316 Sontr nhap cir (ngirdi) Tong so (ngudi) 55% 459.491 841.052 55% 34% 48% 33% 37% 18.519 18.056 8.161 26.017 41.932 35.073 16.211 59.344 • 44% 51% 50% 44% (%) Tile (%) Bdng Ti le lao dgng nU nhdp cu TPHCMphdn theo trinh So CMKT, giai Sogn 1999-2009 Trinh d$ chuy8n mdn 1994-1999 So nir nh^p cir Ti le (%) (ngirdi) Chua dao tao CMKT So cap Trung cap Cao dang Dai hgc tra len Tong 2004-2009 Sd nir nh^p cir Ti If (%) (ngudi) 194.357 92,53 459.491 86,66 4.074 3.892 1.736 5.992 210.051 1,94 1,85 0,83 2,85 100 18.519 18.056 8.161 26.017 530.244 3,49 3,41 1,54 4,91 100 Ngudn: Xir li tir sd lieu eua TDT ndm 1999 2009 2.2.4 Dge diim ve nghe nghiep Cdc cugc dilu tra cho thdy nghl nghiep lao dgng nir nhap cu d TPHCM chii ylu la cdng nhan lam viec cac xi nghiep gia cdng may mac, giay dep va lao dgng tu (budn ban nhd - budn ban qudn ao, giay dep, hoa qua, hang rong; lam thud cac ca sd dich vu cat tdc, gdi ddu) Bdng Trinh dp tay nghi nu nhdp eu TPHCM, giai dogn 1999-2009 Trinh d? tay nghi Nha lanh d?o Nha chuyen mfin bac cao 1994-1999 Sini» Tong Tile nhap cir so (ngirdi) (ngudi) (%) 82 669 12% 3.575 9.459 38% 2004-2009 So nir nhap cu (ngudi) 799 21.060 Tflng s6 (ngudi) Tile 2.910 48.063 27% 44% (%) 133 TAP CHl KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nha chuyen mfin bac trung Nhan vien van phong Nhan vien ban hang Lao dflng co kT nang Lao dflng thu cflng Thg van hanh may mpe Lap dflng gian dan 2.341 2.805 25.104 124 28.334 41.862 16.848 sa 5(83) ndm 2016 4.423 5.804 39.262 390 71.917 63.642 36.643 53% 48% 64% 32% 39% 66% 46% 18.785 12.198 69.373 3.841 29.556 171.587 39.969 36.290 19.190 122.240 9.028 122.764 284.268 78.317 52% 64% 57% 43% 24% 60% 51% Nguon: Xic li tit so lieu cita TDT nam 1999, 2009 Bang cho thay co tren 90% sfl lao dgng nhap cu nii la lao dflng gian don va chua dfln 10% la lao dfing co kl nang tro len (ke ca nhan vien ban hang) Giai doan 2004-2009 ti le co kha hon, nhung vin cfl gin 85% la lao dflng gian dan Day se la mflt ap lire rat ion cho viec dao tao va dao tao Iai ngufln lao dflng phuc vu tai ciu tnic cac nganh kinh te ca theo chieu rflng lan chieu sau thai gian tdi Ket luan (i) Nhap cu lao dpng nii a TPHCM dang la hien tuong xa hgi dang dugc quan tam Men vi so lugng, chit lugng cua ngufi'i nhap cu va anh huong ciia no din su phat trien KT-XH ciia Thanh phfl, nhit la xu huong Uen vin cfln diln it nhit la vong 10 nam tdi (ii) Cac yeu tfl tao di cu noi tren, la tir lao dflng, viec lam va thu nhap tir ca nai di Iln nai din, tao lire hut a noi nhap cu va sire diy a nai xuit cu Hifln tugng nhap cu lao dpng Ion vao TPHCM chiing to sir hip din ciia Thanh phi tit thu nhap va viec lam nha su nang dpng, tfic tang truang kinh ti cao lien tue (iii) Hifln tugng nhap cu noi trfln la ca hgi rit tfit cho phat triin KT-XH, dflng thcri cung la thach thuc khflng nhfl vi nhiiu mat, nhit la cac vin di vi dan sfi, giao due, chat lugng lao dflng truac yeu ciu tai ciu true nin kinh ti (iv) Thanh phfi cin mgt chinh sach cu thi vi cac vin di dan sfl di phat huy loi the ye lao dflng nhap cu, cin cd chu trucmg cho viec dao tao va dao tao lai van hoa, tay nghe cho luc lugng lao dgng di dam bao ca vi lugng va chit cua luc lugng lao dflng, dap ling yeu ciu cang cao TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Co quan Lian hiep quflc tai Viet Nam (2010), Di cu Irong nuac - Ca hoi va thach thuc Soi vai suphdt trien Kinh te - xa hoi a Viet Nam Tong cue Thflng ke, Quy Dan sfl Lien hiep quflc (2004), Di ddn va sice khoe Tong cue Thflng ke (2009), Tdng Siiu tra ddn so vd nha a 1994-1999 va 2004-2009 Tong cue Thong ke, Quy Dan sfl Lien hiep quflc (2014), Chdt luang cuoc sdng ciia nguai di cu Viet Nam (Ngiy Tda S09n nh^n a^ bii: 08-10-2015: ngiy phin bi^n dinh gii: 06-01-2016: ngiy chip nl\in ding: 21-5-2016) 134 ... hgc Tflt nghiep tieu hgc Tflt nghiep THCS Tflt nghiep THPT Tong 1999- 2009 2004 -2009 1994 -1999 theo trinh So vdn hoa giai Sogn 1994 -1999 So nir nhap cir Ti le (%) 220.311 48,15 8.480 1,85 7.507... HOC DHSP TPHCIVI So 5(83) nam 2016 Bang Nhdp cu nif TPHCMphdn theo nhom tuSi, giai Scan 1999- 2009 2004 -2009 1994 -1999 So nir So nii' TS TS Nhom tuoi nh|p cir Ti le (%) Tile(%) nhap cir (nguoi)... 100 1999- 2009 2004 -2009 So nu* nhap cir 540.445 8.405 5.337 44.536 134.302 141.012 223.848 1097.885 Nguin: Xir li tir s6 lieu cim TDTnam Tile(%) 49,23 0,V 0,49 4,06 12,23 12,84 20,39 100 1999, 2009