Vai tro cua cac ben lien quan d6i vol tiln trinh xay dgng Luat vl hoi d Viet Nam Nhac Phan Linh' ' Hoc vi|n Bio chi va Tuyen truyin Email: nhacphanlinh@gmail.com Nh|in ngiy 11 thing nim 2017 Chap nhin dSng ngiy 13 thing nim 2017 Tom tat: Cd hai nhdm td chuc khd quan tam va cd tdc dSng manh din tiln trinh Lugt vl hdi CLVH) d Viet Nam gdm: nhdm cae ca quan Dang vd Nha nude (Dang, Qudc hgi, Chinh phii); nhdm cdc td chiic doan thi (6 td chirc doan thi chinh trj - xa hgi, 28 hgi dgc thu vd cdc hdi nghe nghiep) Ngogi trir mdt sd td chiic chuyen v l vdn ddng chinh sach nhu Oxfam (mdt lien minh qudc te cua 17 td chiic lam viee tai 94 qudc gia tren toan thi gidi dl tun gidi phdp lau dai cho ngheo ddi va bdt cdng) hay PPWG (nhdm cac td chirc vdn dgng vi su tham gia cua cdng ddn), phdn Idn ede t l ehiic phi chinh phu (NGO), ede ddi tdc phdt trien (DPs), nhdm cac hgi khdng cd tu each phdp nhdn, cdc td chiic dua vao eOng ddng (CBO), ngudi dan va cac dien dan ca nhan d Viet Nam Igi it quan tam, it cd tae ddng din tign trinh LVH Nhdm cudi cimg dugc xac dinh lign quan din LVH Id nhom bao chi, nhdm cd vai trd tae dgng manh nhung lai td it quan tdm Tir khoa: Luat ve hOi, cac ben lien quan, Viet Nam Phan loai ngdnh: Xd hgi hgc Abstract: There are two groups of organisations that are interested in and have strong influence on the Law on Associations in Vietnam, namely that of the Party and State agencies, including the Party, National Assembly and the Government; and that of mass organisations, including sociopolitical organisations, 28 specialised societies and professional associations Except for a number of policy advocacy organisations such as the Oxfam, which is an intemational coalition of 17 organisations working in 94 countries around the world seeking long-term solutions to poverty and injustice, or the People's Participation Working Group (PPWG), most non-governmental organisations, development partners, associations without a legal entity status, community-based organisations, the people and forums of individual opnions in Vietnam are less interested and exert less impact on the process of the law The last group defined as related to the law is the press, which would have a sUong impact but has not shown much interest Keywords: Law on Associations, stakeholders, Vietnam Subject classification: Sociology 59 Khoa hpc xa hpi Viet Nam, s6 10 - 2017 Dat van de Quyln Igp hdi eiia cong ddn da dugc ghi nhgn rdt id tiong cdc bdn Hiln phdp ciia Viet Nam Ndm 2005, Bg Luat Dan su da xac dinh eo sd cho vige thira nhdn cac td chiic xa hOi dan sg, dd bao gom; td chiic chmh tri - xa hgi, td chiic chinh tri xa hgi - nghi nghipp, t l chiic xa hgi, td ehiic xd hgi - nghe nghiep, qu? xa hgi, quy tir thipn [7] Theo do, cdc to chiic ddn su hoat ddng d Vigt Nam co ba dang: cdc to chiic phi chinh phu hogt dgng U-ong liiih vgc khoa hgc cdng nghg (theo Nghi dinh 8I/2002/ND-CP, chii ylu dudi su bao tiro ciia VUSTA) [4], cac hgi (theo Nghi dinh 45/20I0/ND-CP) [5], vd cdc qu? xd hgi, qu? tir thipn (tiieo Nghi dinh 30/2012/NDCP) [6] Hiln phdp 2013 quy dinh vg quyln Idp hOi cda cdng ddn tai Digu 25: "Cdng dan cd quyen tg ngdn lugn, tg bdo chi, tilp c$n thdng tin, hOi hgp, l^p hOi, bilu tmh" Quy dinh cua Hiln phdp cdn dugc cu thi hoa thdnh LVH Bai vilt phan tich vai tr6 cda mOt sd td chiic ti-ong tiln trinh xay dung LVH (ggi tdt Id tiln trinh LVH) d Viet Nam Vai trd cua cac cff quan Dang vd Nha nirdc doi vdi tien trinh Lu^t v^ hyi Theo chit truong ciia Ddng ta, hgi Igp phai xudt phat tii nhu cdu chinh dang ciia quan chiing nhdn ddn, theo nguyen tdc chung: tg nguypn, tg qudn, tg trang trai vl kinh phi, da dgng hod logi hinh, dap ung nhu cau, nguygn vgng chinh dang cua h6i vien; dodn ket, tap hgp hdi vien, bdo vp quyen, lgi ich hgp phdp, chinh ddng cua tl chirc hdi, hgi vign vd cdng ddng [I] Tii tuih thdn trgn, cimg vdi viec thira nhdn ve quyln hgi hgp, quyln Idp hOi ciia cdng dan qua Hign phdp 2013, cd thi cho rdng co quan Ddng thugc nhdm cd tdc dgng manh nhat den tien trinh LVH Quoc hgi la co quan dai bilu cao nhdt cua nhan dan, ca quan quygn Igc nha nude cao nhdt cda nude Cdng hod xa hgi ehii nghia Vipt Nam, thgc hien quyen Igp hien, quyen Idp phdp, quygt dinh cdc vdn dg quan trgng ciia ddt nude va gidm sdt tdi cao doi vdi hoat ddng cua Nhd nude [12] QuIe hpi cd vai trd dac biet quan trgng tign trinh xay dgng LVH, la co quan tien hanh xem x^t va thdng qua dg thao LVH Khi Chinh phd xin lui chuong trinh ban luan LVH sang cdc k^' hgp sau, Quoc hOi khdng ddng y va yeu cau giii diing lich trinh ban LVH vao ky hgp thu X thang 10 ndm 2015 Yeu cau ciia Qudc hdi ddng vai tid tivc tilp thiic ddy Bg NOi vg (co quan chuygn mdn dudi sg chi dgo ciia Chinh phii) dua bdn Dg thdo LVH nhOng ngdy ddu thdng 6/2015 Dy thdo dg kien se dugc trinh Uy ban Thudng vg Qudc hgi cho y kien tai phien hgp thii 40 vdo thdng 8/2015 [14] Tuy nhign, phien hgp dau tign ciia Qudc hdi khoa XTV (8/2015), LVH van chua dugc dua thdo luEin theo nhu du kien Dilu Hiln phdp Vipt Nam 2013 xdc dinh Dang COng san la Igc lugng Idnh dao ciia Nhd nude va xa hOi Quan dilm cua Ddng ve quyln hSi hgp, quyen Igp hOi ciia cdng dan dd phan nao dugc the hipn rS Hiln phdp 2013 thdng qua Dilu 25 Vai trd ciia cdc CO quan Dang ti-ong tiln tiinh LVH Nhu vay, thdi digm ndy, Qudc hgi Vi?t la rat quan ggng Dilu ndy Id hgp ly vdi thi Nam cd thg eoi la dliu tau quan trgng nhat, che chinh tri d Vi?t Nam cd tinh thdn va thai dg tich cgc nhat cho 60 Nhac Phan Linh tign trinh LVH Vd pham vi quyen hgn cda minh, Quoc hdi sg la co quan tdc dgng Idn nhdt din viec cd thdng qua LVH hay khdng Chinh phd vdi vai trd Id co quan hdnh phdp, CO quan chdp hanh eua Qudc hOi [12] chiu trdch nhi?m trinh du dn Lugt Ign Quoc hgi Ddi vdi du an LVH, Bd NOi vg la don vi chiu trach nhigm sogn thao va Bg Tu phdp chiu trdch nhigm thdm dinh dg thao Bg Ngi vu, Vg Td chirc Phi chinh phii la don vi thgc hien chiic nang tham muu vi?c quan ly nha nude v l linh vuc hgi, quj xa hgi, quy tir thien va td chuc phi chinh phu; chiu trdch nhigm soan thdo LVH [2] Td cudi nam 2005, Bd Ngi vg da soan thdo, cdng bd, lay y kign cho ban Du thdo thir LVH Tuy nhien, tien trinh sau dd gan nhu bi "lang quen" Ddu thdng 6/2015, dudi "dp luc" ma Qudc hOi ddt ra, Bd Ndi vu mdi chinh thdc gidi thieu Du thao LVH lan de lay y kien gdp y Thdi gjan mdi ddng gop y kiln la tir 09/6/2015 din 04/8/2015, khodng thdi gian ngdn hem so vdi thdi gian yeu cdu ddng tdi todn vdn du thao trgn Trang thdng tin dign tu cua Chinh phu hodc cua eo quan chu tri soan thdo Id sdu muoi ngdy [10] Nhu vgy, vdi vai tid tham muu, xay dgng dg thao, tilp thu cac gdp y vd chinh ly cac ngi dung dg thao trudc trinh Qudc hOi, Bg Ngi vu cd vai trd rat Idn tien trinh LVH Tuy nhien, vi^c Chinh phd xin Qudc hdi lign tuc liii du thao (qua nhilu khda, nhilu ky hgp vdi ly chua chudn bi kf ngi dung) cho thdy sg chua tich cgc cua Bg NOi vg BO Ngi vu td khdng "mdn md" vdi LVH BO Tu phap cd trdch nhi^m th4m dinh du dn lugt, phap lenh, du thdo nglu quylt trudc trinh Chinh phu O^ilu 36) Ngi dung thdm dinh tgp trung vdo cdc vdn dl: (i) su cdn thilt ban hdnh van ban, dii tugng pham vi dilu chinh cua dg thdo van bdn; (ii) sg phii hgp ciia nOi dung du thdo vdn ban vdi dudng Idi, chu trucmg, chinh sach cua Ddng; (iii) tinh hgp hien, hgp phdp vd tinh thdng nhdt cua dg thdo van ban vdi he thdng phap ludt vd tinh tuong thich vdi dieu udc qudc te cd lign quan ma Vi?t Nam la thdnh vign; (iv) tinh kha thi cua dg thdo van bdn, bao gim sg phu hgp giiia quy dinh cda dg thdo van bdn vdi ygu cdu thgc tg, trinh dg phdt trien cua xa hOi va digu kien bao ddm de thuc hign; (v) ngdn ngit, ky thuat soan thdo van ban Dii vdi dg dn LVH, Vg Hdnh chinh - Hinh sg Id don vi chiu trach nhiem thdm dinh dg thao Ngay sau dg thao 2015 dugc cdng bd va lay y kign, BO Tu phap da cd mgt dOng thdi khd tieh cue cd van bdn phdn hdi nhat tri vdi sg cdn thilt ban hanh LVH, nhdn manh vao viee cu the hda Hien phap 2013 Trong vdn bdji dd cd vilt: "Hign phdp 2013 quy dinh cdng dan cd quyln Idp hgi (Dilu 25) Vdi mgc tieu phdt huy nhdn td ngudi, thg hign sdu sac tiach nhi?m cua Nha nude vi?c ton tigng, bao vg vd bdo ddm quygn ngudi, quygn cdng dan theo tinh than vdn kien ciia Dang, Hien phdp da quy dinh "cdc quyln ngudi, quyen cdng ddn dugc cdng nhgn, tdn trgng, bao v$, bao dam theo Hiln phdp vd phdp ludt" va khdng dinh nhihig quyln "chi cd the bj hgn che theo quy dinh cua lugt trudng hgp can thilt vi ly qudc phdng, an ninh qudc gia, ti^it tu, an todn xd hgi, dao diic xa hgi, siic khde cda cOng ddng" (Dieu 14) Do dd, mOt sd quyen quan trgng cua cdng dan cdn dugc sdm ban hdnh luat de bdo dam thuc thi, dd cd LVH" Nhu vdy, vl co ban, vi^c ung hd LVH cua BO Tu phap la kha rd rang 61 Khoa hgc xa hpi Vi^t Nam, so 10 - 2017 Vai tro cua cdc t l c h i ^ doan the doi voi tiln trinh LuSt ve h^i Cdc td chiic chinh tri - xa hpi jd nhdm td chiic xd hgi ddc biOt Tuy cac td chirc ndy dugc thdnh Igp vd hogt dpng tign nguygn tdc tg nguyen, nhung co chi, bd mdy, hogt dOng eua cdc to chiic d6 hoan todn ndm dudi su td chiic vd dgi dign trac tilp cua Dang Cgng san Viet Nam Cac td chiic cd thi dugc eoi nhu mOt hg thong cdc co quan nha nude vdi chg dfi ngdn sach vd cdc uu dai chinh sach cho can bO cdng chiic Trgn thuc te, sg quan tam cua nhdm ddi tugng ndy din LVH d mire dO thdp Dilu CO the mOt phdn hien Nhd nude da ban hanh mOt so lugt ddnh rieng cho cdc to chiic nhu Ludt Mgt trgn Td qudc Vigt Nam (ban hdnh Isin dau ndm 1999), Luat Cdng doan (2012) Nhigu ngudi cho rdng cdc t l chiic chinh tri - xd hOi cd ddc thu khac vdi cac t l chiic hgi nhom khac nen khdng thgc su quan tam dgn LVH Cdc hgi ddc thu (to chdc chinh trj - xa hOi - nghi nghigp) hoat dOng theo Quylt dinh si 68/2010/QD-TTg ciia Thii hrdng Chinh phu ngdy 01/11/2010 Dd la Lien higp cac HOi Khoa hgc vd Ky thu$t Vigt Nam (VUSTA), Lien higp cac td chiic hftu nghi Vigt Nam (VUFO), Phdng Thuong mgi vd Cdng nghiep Vigt Nam (VCCI), HOi Nhd bdo Viet Nam (VJA), Lien minh hgp tdc xd Vigt Nam, Hgi ChG thap dd ViOt Nam, v.v, MOt nhihig tigu chi dg dugc xIp vao loai hdi d^c thii Id dugc Nha nude ho trg v l kinh phi, hogt dgng tiudc Nghi dinh sd 45/2010/ND-CP cua Chinh phii ban hanh ngdy 21/4/2010 quy dinh ve to chiic, hoat dOng va qudn l;y^ hgi c6 higu Igc Khdc vdi cac td chuc chinh tri - xd hOi dugc bao cdp toan bO, cac hgi ddc thii dugc 62 nhd nude bao cap mOt phan (chil ylu vl co sd v$t chat, tien luong cho mOt s6 vi tri lanh dgo chu chdt) Tuy nhien, dilu dugc moi dia phuong thgc hign khdc vd gdy ngn nhfeig khdc mac ehinh nhom hgi Bgn eanh dd, tinh trang khdng cimg tinh chat giua hgi "mg" vd hOi vi6n cung Id mOt v ^ dl phiic tgp Lien hi^p cac HOi Vdn hgc va Nghg thugt la hgi ddc thii nhung cdc hOi bgn lgi khdng phdi Id ddc thd Cdc hOi bgn lai Id don vi true tiep tgo sdn phdm Mpt vi dg khae Id vi tri cua cdc to chuc hihi nghi cdn yeu vi chua cd dilu 10 thing nhdt tir trung uong Nhu v^y, mgc dd chi diing sau cdc to ehiic ehinh tri - xa hOi ve quyen lgi dugc bao cap, nhung chinh ban than giua cdc hgi dgc thii ciing sinh nhieu sg phiic tgp, ddi hdi khac Dieu nay, lgi lam phiic tap thgm cho dg thdo LVH Vi^c quy dinh miic dg "bao cap" giiia cac cap dg hgi la rdt phiie tgp; vige dap ling vd lam thoa mdn nguyOn vgng eua cdc hOi d tat ca cac dia phuong lai cdng nan giai vdi mgt bO ludt mang tinh chat khung phdp ly nhu LVH Do nhu c^u chu ylu lign quan din su bao cap cua Nha nude nen cac hOi ddc thii quan tam dgc bigt den LVH Tuy nhign, tam anh hudng vd vju trd chfnh tri cua nhdm khdng dugc dl cao; cdc t l chiic ciing chua thi hign miic dO quan tam doi vdi LVH mgt each rd n^t va chua tdc dpng manh me din vige xdy dgng va ban hanh LVH Trong nhdm cd t l chdc VUSTA, to ehiic hogt dOng tich cue, higu qud, tap hgp nhigu hOi thdnh vign tren ca nude, so vdi cac to chiic khdc thugc nhdm doi tugng ndy Cac td chiic xa hgi - nghi nghigp hign ddng mOt vai trd tich cgc tiong vige lien ket nhOng ca nhdn co ciing chuyen mdn, linh vuc hoat dOng Ddc bigt sau Vigt Nam tham gia vao cac lien minh, td chuc mang Nh^c Phan Linh thih khu vgc va toan cdu (nhu ASEAN, Td chiic Thuong mgi thi gidi (WTO)), cac td chiic xa hgi - nghe nghiep cang phat huy vai trd quan trgng, dac biet gong cdc van de phap Iy qudc tl Sau gia nhap WTO, vai trd eiia hgi nghe nghigp duge nang cao rd ret dam phdn thuong mai Nhd nude khdng thi trgc tiep tham gia eac cam kgt qudc te Vi du, trudc nam 2013, khung hoang nganh ca tra diln d khu vuc Ddng bdng sdng Cuu Long Nhu cdu vuc day nganh dan dgn sg ddi cua Higp hOi ca tra Viet Nam Den nam 2015, Higp hOi da sang My trao ddi vdi cac chuygn gia luat cua My de xuc tiln thi trudng My, Trung Qudc Bgn canh do, cdc nghi dinh mdi nhat cua Chinh phit da dgt nhigm vu thir nghiem mOt hiep hgi tham gia quan tri chdt lugng nganh hang Dieu da tao tiing ndi cua cdc nganh hang sat thuc hon, hieu qua hon Idem sodt cdc thdnh vign tdt hon Do phdn Ion td chirc nhdm dgc lap vdi Nha nude, Igi chiu su dieu chinh trgc tilp cua cac van ban dudi lugt hign hanh, nen nhu cau va su ung hg doi vdi LVH cua nhdm la khd cao Mac dii vdy, cac td chdc chua the hign mOt each rd rdng mdi quan tam cua hg den LVH tren cac phuong tien truygn thdng dai ehiing Cdc td chdc ndy neu the hien quan diem ro rdng hon thi co thi tae dgng ddi vdi LVH se dugc ti'ch cgc hon Vai tro cua cac t l chdrc xa hgi doi vdi tiln trinh Lugt v l hOi Cac td chuc phi chinh phu (nhom td chdc phi chuih phii tai ViOt Nam (VNGO) vd nhdm td chdc phi chinh phu qudc tg (INGO) trai ddi va bao phu tien mgi ITnh vgc cua eudc sdng, tir van dgng chinh sach, thuc ddy thuong mgi, den ho trg gido due dao tao, tdng cudng an sinh xa hOi, ciiu trg, thien nguygn, v.v Cdc VNGO vd INGO co sg phdi hgp va trao ddi kha linh hoat, tgo nhilu mgng ludi lien kit nham hudng din tang cudng ngudn Igc va thiic day cho tinh ben vimg cua cdc chuong trinh phdt triln ma hg tham gia Nhdm ndy hoan toan dOc Idp vdi Nhd nude, nhung vdn cd su rdng budc qua trinh dang ky hogt dOng vdi cac co quan hdnh phdp (nhu Bg NOi vg, BO Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe, cae bO ngdnh khac thuOc Chinh phu) Cung gidng nhu cac td chiic xa hgi nghg nghigp, cdc NGO deu cd ITnh vgc chuyen mdn rieng nen van cdn sg phdi hgp lign kit vdi cdc eo quan chuygn mdn quan ly nha nude ve ITnh vgc Tuy nhien, co che phdi hgp, tiao ddi vd bao cao chua thuan lgi Cae td chiic ndy hodn toan phu hgp de dua vao pham vi dieu chinh vd ddi tugng dp dgng ciia LVH bdi tinh phi chinh tri va "tu nhan hda" rdt rd Dieu lam can bdng trudc nhung ddi hdi ve mat phap chi khudn khd phdp luat Viet Nam vdi nhimg khu6n mau gia tri minh bgch, cap tiln cda cdc NGO Nhom cac t l chiic VNGO va INGO dugc xem la nhdm cd miic dO quan tam den LVH rat cao Thgc te, cac no Igc cua Oxfam, nhom PPWG va cdc td chiic NGO khdc, tii giai dogn hinh thdnh LVH tir nam 2005 din da minh chdng rat ro cho dilu Tuy nhien, dudng nhu cac td chdc INGO tdc dOng tich cue hon, mgnh me hon cac td chuc VNGO, mgc dii trgn thge t l nhiing tdc dgng hien ciing chua cd dugc kit qua rd rang Cdc ddi tdc phat triln (DPs) d Vigt Nam gdm nhilu dang, tir ddi tdc chign luge, ddi tae todn dien giiia quoc gia vdi qudc gia, din ddi tdc phi chinh tri, phi lgi nhugn vdi cdc td chiic phi chinh phu, td chirc qudc te, V.V Mgt sd ddi tae phat trien tieu bigu d 63 Khoa hgc \& hpi Vigt Nam, so 10 - 2017 Viet Nam Id Ngan hang Thi gidi tai Vigt Nam (WB), Ngan hdng phat triln Chdu A tgi Vigt Nam (ADB), Quy Phat triln Ndng nghigp Qudc t l (IFAD), Co quan Phat tiiln QuIc tl Hoa Ky (USAID), Co quan Hgp tdc QuIc t l Nhgt Ban (JICA), Ca quan Phat tiiln Uc (AusAID), Co quan Hgp tae Phdt triln Thgy Si (SDC), To chirc Hgp tdc Phat triln quoc tl Thgy Diln (Sida), v.v Theo thdng tin tai Dien dan Ddi tdc phdt trien Vigt Nam 2014, vdng hon hai thdp ky qua, cac nhd tai tig (nay la cdc doi tdc phdt triln quIe tl) dd cam kit cho Vigt Nam vay hon 80 ti USD vdn ODA (tiong dd hem mgt niia da dugc gidi ngan), gdp phdn quan tigng vdo tiln trinh phdt trign kinh te - xa hOi ciia Vigt Nam Cdc ddi tdc phat triln hien tap trung h6 trg ViOt Nam vl cdc vdn dg xay dgng the chg, chinh sdch vd ede chucmg trinh hdnh dOng eg thi tign bdn ITnh vgc: (i) gidm ngheo va giam ngheo d nhdm ngudi ddn tpc; (ii) tham gia cua khu vuc tu nhan cap nude dd thi va ndng thdn; (iii) bdo vO mdi trudng; (iv) tang cudng ndng Igc cgnh ft-anh thdng qua dao tao nghe vd phdt triln kj ndng Ngodi ra, mpt sd ca quan, to chiic nhu USAID, SDC, Sida, ddc bigt quan tdm tdi cdc vdn dl lign quan din quyln ngudi (nhu tiep can thdng tin hay Idp hOi, bilu tinh, ) Cae ddi tdc phdt triln hodn todn cd the su dgng sii mang, vai tid va tiim anh hudng cua minh doi vdi Chinh phu Vigt Nam dl thiic ddy cho LVH M ^ du v^y, hign cac co quan chua thi hign mdt each r5 rang sg quan tam din LVH Vai trd cua bao chi, truyin thong den tien trinh Luat ve hgi Vai tid cua bdo chi dugc thg hign qua cdc chiic ndng co ban nhu cung cdp thdng tin tgo dien dan ngdn ludn, dinh hudng du lugn xd hgi V.V Tren thuc tl, nhilu ngudi eoi bao chi la "quyen Igc thii tu" (sau cac quyen Igp phap, hanh phdp vd tu phap) Sg tham gia cua bdo chf tiong thdi gian gan ddy qua trinh xay dgng va ban thdo mOt sd ludt (nhu Lugt Tiep can thong tin, Lugt Trung cau dan y) Id khd rQ rang Tuy nhign, bdo chi v§n chua tgo dugc su chii y ddi vdi du luan xa hdi vg tiln trinh LVH, bao chi chua su dung cdc nguIn Igc, the manh, tiem nang cua minh de truygn thdng Vai trd cua cac h^i khdng co tir each phap nhan, cac to chirc cgng dong, nguoi dan vd cac diln dan ca nhdn din tien trinh Lu^t ve hgi Hgi khdng cd tu cdch phdp nhan vd CBO truac day khdng cd tu cdch phdp nhan; dugc hiiu la hOi hogt dOng khdng thudng xuyen, khdng cd dilu le Theo Dg thdo LVH 2015, hOi khdng cd tu cdch phdp nhan dugc hiiu ngdn ggn Id hgi chua dugc ca quan nha nude cd thdm quyln cap ddng ky hogt dpng theo quy dinh cua phap ludt Tuy nhign, tren thgc tl, nhilu hpi kh6ng co tu each phdp nhdn van cd dieu Ig, npi quy va CO cau to chiic rieng v l m^t hinh thdc, hOi khdng cd tu each phdp nhdn d dia phuong cd md hinh to chiic va moi lien kit giiia cac hgi vign khd long leo Tuy nhien, su sdi dOng cua cac hOi duge ghi nhgn nhd sg lien kit cac nhu cau sd thich, cac mdi quan tam chung, nhung khdng bi rdng buOc cda quan chiing Mang hgi dang phat triln rdt da dang, bdi gdn vdi nhihig nhu cdu thiet thge cua ngudi dan Dilu ndy d^t cho LVH mgt khd khdn tiong vipc ban hanh cac quy dinh, dieu khoan dl Nha nude vira qudn ly dugc cdc Nhac Phan Linh hdi khdng cd tu each phdp nhdn va cac CBO, viia trdnh lam edn trd hogt ddng ciia cdc dgng hOi Do mang tinh tg phat, tu giac Id chii yeu, cdc hgi Ididng cd tu each phap nhan va cdc CBO thudng it quan tdm din cdc van de phap ly, khdng quan tam den tiln trinh LVH Tuy nhien, cac td chiic thuOc nhdm lai hay bi vudng mdc d chfnh cdc van dg phap Iy; viec khdng cd quy dinh phu hgp dd gay khd khdn khdng It ddi vdi hg td chiic vd hoat dgng Tdm Igi, mac du ddy chinh la nhdm ddi tugng chinh cua LVH nhung miic quan tam ciia nhdm ddi tugng ddi vdi LVH cdn chua rd rang, tae ddng cua ho cdn han chg Neu nhu hg CO dugc thdng tin nhilu hon vl LVH tir bao chi va cac phuang tien truyen thdng, hinh thiie truygn thdng khac thi cd thi mli quan tam va tdc dOng cua nhdm ddi tugng se dugc cai thign tich cue va tuang xiing vdi vai trd cua hg nhu mpt nhung ddi tugng chinh cua LVH cdng ding va xa hpi cua minh Nhu vay, cd mdi quan he ca bdn giiia ngudi dan vdi LVH Ngudi ddn can d u ^ eoi Id mpt Igc lugng cd sg dnh hudng nhat dinh din LVH Tuy nhign, truyin thdng (td md hinh lang xd vdi cdc mdi quan he thdn tOc bgn gia cBnh, din cdc mdi quan hg cpng ddng dudi cac dgng hOi ddng huong, hOi ddng nien, hpi lien gia ), nen den nay, ngudi dan vdn cluu dnh hudng cua tu tudng "phep vua cdn thua le lang" Digu ddn den viec da sd ngudi dan, it quan tam dgn phdp lugt ve quyen cdng dan, eoi quygn hpi hgp, quyln Idp hgi la duong nhign, khdng cdn phdi xin phep Ddi vdi nhdm dan sd tre hign nay, cdc dien dan dien tii trd thdnh mOt kgnh trao ddi, chia se thdng tm, giao luu thilt yeu MOt hinh thiic tuong tae phat sinh tii mgng xd hOi la viec hinh thdnh ede blog, rdi din cdc viog Qua hinh thiic nay, ngudi dan ndi len quan dilm, suy nghi cua minh ve mpt vdn dl ndo dd Day la mpt xu the cua gidi tre Viet Nam Thdi gian qua, lo nggi mdt kilm soat thdng tin trgn ede ttang blog cd nhan, Nha nude da ban hanh nhung quy dinh nhdm qudn Iy thdng tin tren cac tiang dien tir ca nhdn Nhu vdy, hoan todn cd the eoi cac blogger, vlogger la Iuc lugi^ tilm ndng ddi vdi vipc ban thdo LVH Tuy nhign, miic dp quan tam hign cua ngudi dan ddi vdi LVH chua c ^ , kl cd vdi nhdm trung, cao tudi hay nhdm tie Ngudi dan va cdc dien dan ca nhan ndi chung (khi khdng xet bdt k^ dgng td chiic hOi n^), diu cd nhiing mdi quan tdm nhat dinh den cdc hogt dpng tap the, cdc md hinh lien kit Trong lich sir hign dgi Viet Nam, viec ngudi dan tham gia khd tich cgc vao cac doan hpi, ben canh cac mue dich thien nguygn, cdn nhdm mgc tieu ddu tianh chinh tri vdi nha cdm quyen, ddi hdi cdc quyln cdng ddn, quyen dan sg, quyen hpi hgp, quyln lap hpi- Dilu gdp phan tao ngn mOt hg tiling cac tdng Idp to chiic quan chiing nhu hign va Idm ty le tham gia vao cac hpi doan cua ngudi dan Vigt Nam Ket lugn vdo hang cao nhat khu vgc Hon niia, vdi each tilp can nhdn quyln, Nghien cdu eua Depocen (vdi sg tdi trg ciia cdng dan cd moi lien hp ch^t che vdi cac Oxfam Vigt Nam va PPWG) da xac dinh quyln tu tu tudng, tg tilp cgn thdng dugc cac nhdm co quan, td chiic cd lign tm, tg hdnh dpng Iga chgn vige lam, quan din tiln trinh LVH nhu sau: nhom cd ciing nhu quyen tg tham gia chinh tri tdc dpng mgnh vd ling hg ban hdnh LVH 65 Khoa hoc xa hpi Vi^t Nam, s i 10-2017 gIm Qudc hpi, Bd Tu phdp, VUSTA, 28 hOi dgc thii, cdc to chiic phi chinh phii tiong nude vd quIe te, cdc dPi tae phdt trien Nhdm cd tdc dOng mgnh, nhung chua thuc sg img hO, quan tam den vige ban hdnh LVH gIm BO NOi vu, cac ca quan bdo chi tmyin thdng Nhdm cd thai dp khdng rd rdng (khdng hodn toan iing hp,^ ciing khdng phdn ddi) Id Mat tidn Td qudc vd cdc td chiic qudn chung Nhdm co tdc dpng yeu va cung it quan tam din LVH la cac hOi khPng CO tu each phdp nhdn va edc td chiic cOng ddng, ngudi dan va cdc dien ddn ca nhan Vige xac dinh vi tri va mdi quan tdm cua cdc bgn lign quan din LVH Id co sd d l ddnh gia va dg bao v l tiln trinh LVH d Viet Nam tiong thdi gian tdi Mgc tieu Idn nhat Id gdp phan hinh mOt hanh lang phdp ly cho hogt dOng cua cac to ehiic hOi, phat huy nhihig ngudn Igc va vai trd tich cue cua cdc hOi tiong cdng cuOc phat trien kinh t l , chfnh tri, van hda, xa hOi d Vipt Nam Tai lieu tham khao [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 66 Ban Chap hinh Trung uong Ding Cpng sin Vi^t Nam (2012), Chi thi so 17-CT/TW ngdy 28 thdng ndm 2012 ve vi4c tiep tyc ddi mdi vd tdng cudng s(r Idnh dgo cda Ddng ddi vdi Hdi quan ch^ng H i Npi B§ N9i vv (2013), Quyit djnh so 967/QD-BNV ngdy 26 thdng ndm 2013 cua Bp Npi vy quy dinh chuc ndng, nhi4m v^, quyin hgn vd td chiic cua Vy Td chiic Phi Chinh phu Hi Npi Chd tich nude (1957), Sac I4nh so I02/SLL004 ngdy 20 thdng ndm 1957 cda Chd Ifch nude vk Chinh phil (1957), Nghj djnh so 258TTgngdy 14/6/1957, H i Npi Chfnh phil (2002), Nghj dinh so 81/2002/NDCP Mgay 17/10/2002 quy dinh chi tiet thi hdnh mpt so diiu cua Lugt Khoa hpc vd Cdng ngh4 Hi Npi Chinh phu (2010), Nghi dinh sd 45/2010/NDCP ngdy 21/4/2010 quy dinh vi td chiic hogt dpng vd qudn Ifi hpi H i Npi [6] Chfnh phu (2012), Nghf djnh sd 30/2012/NDCP ngdy 12/04/2012 vi td chuc hogt ddng cHa qi^xahpi, quptiithi4n, H i Npi [7] Qu6c hpi nu(5rc Cpng h6a xi hpi chil nghia Vi?t Nam (2005), Bd lugt Ddn su ndm 2005 cdc Diiu 84,100, 102, 104, H i Npi [8] Qu6c hpi nude Cpng h6a xa hpi chu n ^ i a Vi|t Nam (2008), Lugt Ban hdnh vdn bdn quy phgm phdp lugt 2008, Diiu 43, H i Npi [9] Quoc hpi nudrc Cpng h6a xa hpi chii nghia Vi^t Nam (2008), Lugt Bgn hdnh vdn bdn quy phgm phdp ludt 2008, Khodn I Dieu 42, Hi Npi [10] Qu6c hpi mr6c Cpng h6a x i hpi chu nghia Vi§t Nam (2008), Ludt Bgn hdnh vdn bdn quy phgmph^ lugt 2008, Khodn I Dieu 35 Hi Npi [11] Qu6c hpi nude Cpng h6a xa hpi chu nghia Vi^t Nam (2013), Hiin phdp ndm 2013 Dihi 69 H i Npi [12] Qu6c hpi nirdc CPng h6a xa hpi chii nghia Vipt Nam (2013), Hiin phdp ndm 2013, Dieu 94, H i Npi [13] Ph^m Thanh Tri, Le Quang Binh, Pham QuSiih Phuong, Le Ngpc Son (2005), Bdo cdo nghien cdu cua PPWG vi Tim hiiu tiin trinh gdp y cho dif thdo Ludt vi Hpi 2005-2006 Gdc nhin ta mpt sd ben lien quan Hi NpL [14] Uy ban Thu6mg vy Qu6c hpi (2014), Nghi quyit so 780/NQ-UBTVQH13 vi triin khai thyc hi4n nghj quyit cua Qudc hpi vi diiu chinh chuong trinh xdy dung lugt, phdp I4nh nhi4m k^ Quic hpi khda XIII, ndm 2014 vd chuong trinh xdy dtmg ludt phdp I4nh ndm 2075, H i Npi [15] WB (2010), Bdo cdo phdt triin Vi4t Nam vi cdc thi chihifn dgi, tr.l 16, H i Npi [16] http://\vww.nhandan.com.vn/chinhtri/tin-tucsu-kien/item/26395102-Iuat-ve-hoi-se-trinhtrong-ky-hop-thu-10-quoc-hoi-khoa-xiii.htnil [17] http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/thoi-su/luat-ve-hoitiep-tuc-bi-lui-thong-qua-35892I9.html [18] http;//vietnamnetvn/vn/thoi-su/quoc-hoi/lui-trinh -du-luat-ve-hoi-va-luat-bieu-tinh-3 68126.html [19] http://duthaoonline.quochoi.vn ... thdng qua Dilu 25 Vai trd ciia cdc CO quan Dang ti-ong tiln tiinh LVH Nhu vay, thdi digm ndy, Qudc hgi Vi?t la rat quan ggng Dilu ndy Id hgp ly vdi thi Nam cd thg eoi la dliu tau quan trgng nhat,... Ky thu$t Vigt Nam (VUSTA), Lien higp cac td chiic hftu nghi Vigt Nam (VUFO), Phdng Thuong mgi vd Cdng nghiep Vigt Nam (VCCI), HOi Nhd bdo Viet Nam (VJA), Lien minh hgp tdc xd Vigt Nam, Hgi ChG... hgc & hpi Vigt Nam, so 10 - 2017 Viet Nam Id Ngan hang Thi gidi tai Vigt Nam (WB), Ngan hdng phat triln Chdu A tgi Vigt Nam (ADB), Quy Phat triln Ndng nghigp Qudc t l (IFAD), Co quan Phat tiiln