THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
tAQ DONG-VIEC tAM Nen tang dao tqo va nang luc lao dong nganh cong ngtie cao tqi ttianh Ho Chi Minh PHAM THI BICH NGOC LUtJ THI KIM NGAN N G U Y t N NGOC KY DUYEN ^fProng bdi cdnh thi triidng lao dgng cho ngdnh cong nghi cao viia thiia nhdn Idc lao ddng f&^ phd thdng nhiing lai thieu lao dgng chdt liidng, tay nghi cao, bdi vii't tim hiiu khodng cdch giUa ddo tqo vd ndng li/c lao dgng dang lam viic Khu cdng nghe cao TP Hd Chi Minh Kit qud nghiin cOu cho thdy co tinh ddc thii vd khdc biit giUa cdc loai hinh ddo tqo cdng nhii khodng cdch vi ndng lUc lao ddng giUa cung vd cdu lao dgng ngdnh cdng nghi cao Tfl khoa: ndng It/c lao dgng, nin tdng ddo tqo, khu cong nghi cao, TP H6 Chi Minh Dat v a n d e TP Ho Chi Minh da t h a n h lap Cdng vien ph^n m^m Quang Trung quan 12 (nam 2001) va khu edng nghe cao (KCNC) qulin (nam 2002) n h a m thuc d^y phat trien nganh cdng nghd cao Theo khoan 22, Dieu Luat D^u tfl ed quy dinh: "Khu cdng nghe eao la khu chuyen nghien cflu p h a t trien, flng dung cdng nghe cao, fldm tao doanh nghiep cdng nghd cao, san xua't va kinh doanh san ph^m edng nghe cao, cd r a n h gidi dia 1;^ xac dinh, dfldc t h a n h lap theo quy dinh cua chinh phu" Vdi tieu chi tren, KCNC TP Ho Chi Minh la mot nhflng k h u eong nghiep dfldc k j vong va quan t a m cua Nha nfldc ve phat tri^n k i n h te theo md hinh mot khu kinh te ky t h u a t , t h u h u t d^u tfl nfldc ngoai va huy ddng eae ngu6n Ifle khoa hoc cdng nghd cao nfldc Hidn nay, KCNC TP Ho Chi Minh t a p t r u n g t h u h u t d^u tfl eae nganh cdng nghe thudc cac linh vflc: cdng nghe vi mach b a n d i n , cdng nghe thdng tin va vien thdng; cdng nghe tfl ddng hda, cd k h i chinh xac; edng nghe sinh hoc ap dung cho y te', dfldc p h ^ m va mdi trflcing; edng nghe vat lieu mdi, cdng nghe nano va nang Ifldng Vdi tdc p h a t trien m a n h me cung vdi t h u a n ldi t h u hflt dflde nhi^u n h a d^u tfl NghiSn aiu Kinh tffsff 6(431) • Thing 6/2018 qud'e te, doanh nghiep khu vflc dang h u t mot nguon nhdn Ifle ldn, dac bidt n h a n Iflc cd ch^t Ifldng va tay nghe cao Tuy va.y, doanh nghiep dang gap khd k h a n vi ngudn n h a n Iflc t r e n thi trfldng van ye'u ky nang ehuyen mdn Theo World Bank (2014), Ifle Ifldng lao ddng Vidt Nam da ph^n nang Ifle tha'p, chu yd'u la edng nhan, thd thu cdng, Iflc Ifldng lao ddng cha^t Ifldng cao chid'm ty le ra't tha'p (chi bang mot p h i n tfl so' Ifldng lao dong ca'p tha'p) e eo the phat t r i i n m a n h nganh cdng nghe eao dai ban cung nhfl gdp p h i n nang cao k h a nang canh t r a n h cua nd'n kinh te, thi nang cao ch^t Ifldng lao ddng la vd cung ca'p thiet Mot nhflng yeu td' quan gop p h i n nang eao chat Ifldng lao dong la tfl dao tao, cu the la chfldng trinh dao tao Thdng qua chfldng trinh dao tao, cdc trflcing dai hoc, cao d^ng, trung t a m day nghe se tap trung dao tao cho ddi tfldng lao ddng v l kie'n thflc eung nhfl cac ky nang c i n thiet dap flng cac yeu e l u cdng viee mdi trfldng doanh nghiep Cha't Ifldng chfldng trinh dao tao cang eao, d i u r a nguon n h a n Iflc cang CO eha't Ifldng tot Ddi vdi nganh edng nghd cao, n g o a i dao t a o cd b a n , cac d o a n h nghiep phai dao tad t h e m tfl — tharig Pham Thi Bich Ngoc, TS.; Luu Thi Kim Ngdn; NguySn Ngoc KJ Duyfin, Tnrcmg dai hgc Hoa Sen 47 Nen tang ddo tao v i nang lUc cho sinh vien mdi trfldng Hang nam cd ra!t nhieu sinh vien td't nghiep, nhflng so' Ifldng sinh vien dap flng dfldc nhu c l u nguon nhan luc nganh edng nghe cao chie'm clu 10% Nhu clu lao ddng cha't Ifldng cao cang gia tang a Viet Nam (Worid Bank, 2008); dong thdi, lao ddng neii d i u tfl hoe dai hoc thi thu nhap cung gia tang (Doan va Stevens, 2011) Nham tim hieu 'lo hong" gifla nen tang dao tao (la yeu td'nguon cung lao dong) va nang Iflc lao dong dfldc sfl dung tai cac KCNC (la yeii to ngu6n clu lao ddng), chflng tdi da ti^n hanh khao sat 252 edng nhan vien dang lam viec tai KCNC cua TP Ho Chi Mmh nam 2015 Sau xfl 1^ dfl Ueu, ap dung phfldng phap phan tich thd'ng ke de xem xdt eae ky nSng va kha nang dap flng yeu clu cua doanh nghiep (tren cd s5 so sanh nen tang dao tao ngfldi lao dong da hcc), qua dd chi sfl thieu tfldng thich gifla nen tang dao tao vdi nang Iflc lao dong nganh edng nghd eao cua TP Ho Chi Minh Cd sol ly thuyd't 2.1 Ndng life ngiidi lao dqng McClelland (1973) dinh ngbia nang Iflc lao ddng la tinh each ca nhan cai ma se quySt dinh cdng eao tbi trfldng lao dong NSng Iflc la mot dac diem tap hdp cua hanh vi hen quan den hieu suHft eong viec va co the cai thien nhflng dac diem thdng qua giao due va kinh nghiem (Thornton va Rupp, 2006) Cu the nhiing dSc diem dfldc phan loai la nang khieu, kha nang va hieu biet, bao gom: 1^ nang, kinh nghidm, kien thflc, hanh vi, tinh each ca nhan, ddng ccJ, niem tin, gia tri va sd thich, dong Iflc ket help vdi d i n den sfl cdng cdng viee, the hien vai trd td' chflc va giflp doanh nghiep dat dfldc chie'n Ifldc muc tieu (Gangani, McLean va Braden, 2004) Nang Ifle lao dong hdi tu phin: (1) nang Iflc cd ban tflc nSng Ifle ma noi ngfldi deu c6 nhfl nhau; (2) nang Iflc cot loi la nang Iflc chflc nang, cai ma giup the hien hieu qua cdng viec hidn tai; (3) nang Iflc t i m nhin la nang Ifle giup chuan bi cho ngflcii lao dong de tie'n len vi tri eao hdn cdng viec hoac cdng vide tfldng lai Nang Iflc eiing ed th^ dflde chia 48 thanh: nhdm phat t r i i n ca nhan, nhdm trach nhiem xa hdi, nhdm phat trien nghe nghiep Trong sfl phat trien n h a n h va manh me eua nen kinh te, nang Iflc cua ngfldi lao ddng thi hien qua ky nang phan tieh, kha nang thflc thi, xfl ly thdng tin va nSng Iflc cho sfl thay dd'i 2.2 Nin tang ddo tqo vd ndng lUc lao dqng Yeu to giao due co the giup sinh vien va ca nhdn phat t r i i n nang Ifle td'ng quat nhfl vide ca nhan sfl dung cac y tfldng ldn, cdng cu, phfldng phap va ngdn ngfl cua cae mdn hoc khac nhU toan, van, lich sfl, khoa hoe va nghd thuat de tham gia vao cac va'n de bflc xuc cua xa hoi Ho phat triin eac k^ nang cd ban nang cao, cd cai nhin da chieu v^h di, trinh bay tot quan diem cua ho va h a n h dong de cai thien dieu kien (MansiUa va Jackson, 2011) Nhieu bd phan ky nang phflc tap dfldc xdy dflng bao gom; h9C tap, tfl va ky nang sang tao Chang ban nhfl tfl sang tao va sii dung tfl hd tho'ng de hen ke't eae ky nang cudc sd'ng va edng viec Ca n h a n cd the thi^t kd', danh gia va quan ly cdng viec cua chinh minh de cai tiln hen tuc va thich flng vdi thay doi Theo World Bank (2012), giao due bae cao bao gom tSft ca cac td' chflc edng lap va ngoM cdng lap chinh thfle d l hpe tap sau b^e trung hpc ed sd trd len Ca n h a n cd nhieu nam hoc cang eao dfldc danh gia cao hdn ve c^c nang Iflc ky nang so vdi cac ea n h a n eo it nam hoc KJ nang hgc thuat, ky nang ky thuat, ky nang tU duy, ky nang h a n h vi ed hen quan tich ci^ den sfl phat trien cua ca nhan Theo Jorgensen (2004), muc tieu cua giao due khdng ehi giao due ca nhan eho thi trflcing lao ddng ma cdn dfla ca n h a n vao cae boat ddng eiia cong dong; giao due khdng chi ddn thuan la mue dich hoe ma cdn giup ca nhan tim dfl* mot vi tri xa hdi; ca n h a n hoc tap cho sii phat triin cua chinh ho hdn la thoa man yeu elu cua thi trflcing Trai ngfldc vdi quan diem tren Lave va Wenger (1991) cho r^ng: giao due phai dfldc xay dflng theo yeu c l u eua thi trfldng; giao due la sfl ke't hdp eua kiln thdc hoc tap phd thdng va kien thflc ly thuyd't de tao NghiSn aiu Kinh tff sff 6(481) • Thing 6/2018 Nen tdng ddo tao vd ndng IUc kien thfle cd ban Kie'n thflc cd ban ket hdp vdi cae loai lunh hoc tap khae, cai ma td ehfle se cung ca'p cho ca nhan dfla vao yeu clu cdng viec goi la hua'n luyen Do dd, theo quan diem thi ngudi lao ddng cd trinh hoc vSih tha'p v i n cd ldi vide hua'n luydn eua td chflc Tae ddng nen tang eua giao due dao tao eon thudc vao ca nhan So' hdu cua Bynner (1998) da chflng minh rang hai p h i n ba sd' ngflcii sinh nam 1958 rdi nha trfldng nam 16 tudi cd the tim dfldc viec va gifl dfldc viec, do, nhiing ngfldi sinh nam 1970 CO trinh hoc vSh thap va ky nang ydu tM khd tim dfldc viec va khd gifl dfldc vide Tfl dd cho tha!y, nhin n h a n v l trinh dp hpc va'n cua ca nhan thay dd'i theo thdi gian 2.3 Thi triidng lao dqng lao dqng d Viet Nam va ndng luc Khi clu lao ddng cao hdn cung lao dpng thi sfl tbid'u hut se xay r a dae biet doanh nghidp c i n lao ddng co ky nang, ky t h u a t nhat dinh nhflng co qua it uiig vien Khi do, mac dfl Iflc Ifldng lao dpng eung flng ed the eao nhflng lai thieu ehSt Ifldng dap flng nhu clu, tao r a lo hd'ng tren thi trfldng lao ddng Khoang each ky nang ehi nhflng yeii kem hd thd'ng giao due, vi nd khdng trang hi d i y du cac ky nang ma nha tuyen dung yeu c l u ddi vdi ngfldi lao ddng Theo World Bank (2014), tren thi trfldng lao ddng Viet Nam, cac n h a tuyen dung cho rang eae ky nang tfl phan bien va ky nang giao tiep rSt quan trpng dm vdi ngfldi lao ddng, nhflng hp lai bi thilii Ngay ea vdi cdng viec ky t h u a t vien va thd t h u cdng, da p h i n cae flng cfl vien thie'u cac ky nang yeu clu Ngfldi lao ddng cd bang cap nhflng lai thieii cac ky nang e i n thiet cho cdng vide eua hp, cbo t h i y chat Ifldng giao due khdng theo kip mong ddi cua ngflcii tuyen dung Hien nay, lao ddng trinh dp eao dang t i p trung d nganh giao due va dao tao va cac cd quan quan ly n h a nfldc, trong nganh cdng nghiep che' bie'n, che' tao thi Iflc Ifldng chi chie'm 9%, t h i p xa so vdi cac nfldc phat triin vdi ty le 40-60% (Trfldng Dinh Giam, 2017) Lao ddng trinh eao dfldc hieu la co trinh dp hpe va'n tfl cao dang trd len, eo ky nang va kien thfle de hoan cdng viec phflc tap, cd kha nang thich nghi cao vdi dd'i mdi cdng nghe va v i n dung kien thflc, k^ nang da hpe vao thfle te' edng viee Hidn tfldng tuyen khdng du ngfldi lam viec cac vi tri quan ly cap cao ludn xay r a vdi eae doanh nghiep Nguyen nhan cd t h i la Vidt Nam chfla ed cd ehe' dao tao va sii dung hdp ly giup cho Ifle Ifldng lao ddng trinh dp cao phat trien dflng hfldng Ton tai va'n de sii dung ngflcii lao ddng cd trinh dp dang lam nhflng edng viec khdng tfldng xflng vdi trinh dao tao eua hp (Nguyin Ba Ngpc va Dang Do Quyen, 2014) HINH 1: N h i n n h a n c u a n h a t u y e n d u n g do'i v d i t a m q u a n t r o n g c u a c a c k y n a n g l i £ n q u a n d e n c o n g v i e c c u a ngfldi l a o d o n g c h a n t a y v a ngfldi l a o d o n g t r i thflc Ngudn: World Bank, 2014 NghiSn aiu Kmh tff sff 6(481} - Thing 6/2018 49 Nen lang iio tao vJI ning luc World Bank (2014) cho r i n g nhu cSu lao dpng i Viet Nam khong phai la thSfp, ngUdi s i dung lao dong luon dang tim kiem nguM lao dong, nhien ho khong tim dUdc ngUcri lao dong CO ky nSng p h u hdp vdi nhu cSu cua hp Tuyen dung lao dpng mdi t a i Viet Nam la rSt kho kh&n, bcii vi ton t a i sU khong tuong thich ky nang cua ngUcli lao dpng doi vdi yeu cSu cua n h a tuyen dung (khoang each ky nang, hoSic bSi vi sU k h a n hi^'m ngUcli lao dpng mpt s6' nganh nghe (thieu ky nang Hi§n tai, n h a tuyen dung danh gia cao ky nang k j thuM, ky nang nhftn thflc, ky nang xa hpi va h a n h vi Cac ky nang dudc yeu cSu khac tiiy vao n^n tang giao due tiJf ca'p dai hpc, triidng chuyen nghiep, hoac trudng ky timkt Trong d6 dao tao b i c cao Viet Nam hoan toan chUa dap flng dupc nhu c i u lao dpng (Reddy, 2012) Phiidng p h a p v a dii l i e u nghifin cvhi 3.1 Pham vi va phitang phdp nghien ciJtu D& tfldng khao sat gom cac nhdn vien KCNC d q u t o va Cong vien ph&i mem Quang Trung qu4n 12, dUdc thUc hien theo phUdng phap ISy m l u tijt thang den thang - 2015 Bang khao sat dfldc xay dung chu y6'u ket hpp phfldng phap cua Burke (2003) va cac cd sd ly thuyet, dfldc phdng v3tn thi diem thong qua y ki§'n cua Ban quail ly KCNC va cac trudng Thuoc tinh can Kift'n thiic b6 tro (ngoai ngfi, tin hoc) Kifi'n thtic vi chinh tri, xa hfli N6i dung cua cac mfln hoc Nfli dung chucmg tnnh dao tao Kie'n thilc vfi ly thuye't Kie'n thtic thuc t^ cflng viec Kie'n thiic v^ tu duy, phfln ti'ch Ky nang giao tiep KiSn thiic dinh hu6ng diroc cflng viSc KJ nang ki^m soat thiti gian Ky nang ^ viec nhom Ky nang giai quyd't vflii d^ Ky nang ling dung ly thuyfi't vao thuc i€ 50 phong nhan Iflc trudc thflc hien khao sat Bang khao sat hoi thong tin ca nhan, n6'n tang dao tao, thong tin cong ty cua dap vien va quan trpng nhSlt la khao sat chfldng trinh dko tao va nang Iflc ca n h a n cvia dap vien dUdc xay dung dua tren t h a n g Likert: (1) Nhom cdc yeu to ddnh gid chuang trinh ddo tgo, dfldc n h a n dien theo miic dp: chudng trinh nhu the nao (WHAT), chUdng tiinh quan trpng khong (WHY), k h a nang flng dung cua chUdng trinh (HOW) - Nhom yeu to v l Ifldng kien thiic dfldc hpc tai trfldng dap vien dudc dao tao; phan 13 nhom kie'n thflc va ky nang ttt prog-knol den prog-knol3, dfldc dang gia theo miic: (r& kem), (k6m), (binh thudng), (tot), (ra't tot) - Nhom y6'u to ve tSm quan trpng cua kien thflc doi vdi cong viec; p h a n 13 nh6m kien thflc va ky nang ttt prog-impl den progimpl3, dfldc dang gia theo mflc: (khong quan trpng), (it quan trpng), (binh thucing), (quan trpng), (rat quan trpng) - Nhom yeu to ve mflc dp sfl dung ki^n thflc tai ndi lam viec; p h a n t h a n h 13 nhom kien thflc va ky nang ttt prog-usel de'n prog-usel3, dUdc dang gia theo mflc: (khong sfl dung), (ft sii dung), (binh thudng), (thudng si dung), (ludn ludn sii dyng) prog-knol prog-kno2 prog-kno3 prog_kno4 prog_kno5 prog_kno6 prog_kno7 prog_kno8 prog_kno9 prog_knolO prog_knoll prog_knol2 prog_knol3 Ma hda prog-impl prog-imp2 prog-imp3 pro£_imp4 prog_imp5 prog_imp6 prog_imp7 prog imp8 prog_imp9 prog_impl0 prog_impl prog_impl2 prog_impl3 prog-usel prog-use2 prog-use prog_use4 prog_use5 prog_use6 prog_use7 prog_use8 prog_use9 prog_useIO prog_usel1 prog_usel2 prog_usel3 NghiSn cOu Kinh tff sff 6(481) • Thing 6/2018 Nen ting ddo tao vd ndng luc (2) Nhom cdc yi'u to' ddnh gid nang It/c cd nhdn, dfldc phan 14 ye'u td' tfl abil de'n abil4, dang gia theo mfle: l(hoan toan khdng dong $), (khdng dong y), (phan van), (dong y), (hoan toan dong y) Thuoc tinh can Thich nghi t6t v6i cOng viec mdi Kha n^g chiu duac ap luc cao Lk ngu6i ky ludng,cin than Nang luc ^ viec nhom cao Nang luc ngoai ngO j^u hop v6i c6ng viec Kinh nghiem cdng viec cao Tnnh dfl tin hoc vung Ky nSng ki^m soat thca gian t6t Ky nang giao tifi'p va dam phim cao Xdc dmh ro muc ti6u c6ng viftc \k sinh viSn C6 kha nang tu hoc hdi cao C6 ky nang sdng tao C& kha nang giai quycft vflh dd tdt Co quy tdc va tmh ky ludt cao Ma hoa abil abi2 abi3 abi4 abi5 abi6 abi7 abiS abi9 sd' Iflpng n a m chie'm 72,92% va nfl chie'm 30,46% Da p h ^ n ho deu n^m tud'i tfl 25 - 35 tud'i Trinh hoc vd'n la dai hoc chie'm ph^n ldn sd' Ifldng ngfldi dflcfc khao sat (84,35%) So* n a m kinh nghidm chiem ty Id eao nhSt la tren nam (chiem 71,43%) tren td'ng Ifldng ngfldi khao sat; 79% dap vien dang lara viec la ky t h u a t vien, n h a n vidn van phdng va chuydn vien Lao dong cd thu nhap trdn 10 trieu dong chie'm khoang 63% K€^t q u a n g h i d n cufu v a t h a o l u a n Khi tinh t r u n g binh cua cae yeu to' nang Iflc ea n h a n tM ngfldi lao ddng d KCNC TP.H6 Chf Minh danh gia eao h nang lilc tinh thich nghi td't (3,84), kinh nghiem cdng vide cao (3,82), k h a nang giai quye't vtfn dd' tot (3,82), nhflng danh gia tha'p d k h a nang xae dinh mue tieu edng viec eon la sinh vien (3,16), ky nang giao tie'p (3,62) va kha nang sang tao (3.60) Lao ddng nganh cdng nghe eao td't nghiep tai eae trfldng cdng Idp (66%), tfl thue (21%) va qude te (18%) Do tfldng thich gifla nen tang dao tao va nang Iflc lao ddng dflde p h a n tfeh nhfl sau: abilO abill abil2 abiI3 abil4 4.1 Chuyen ngdnh ddo tqo vd vi tri cong viec So" dap vien la 283, nhflng qua sang loc cdn lai mau dfl h e u co 252 quan sat, dd HINH 2: Chuyen nganh dao tao va vi tri cong vifec 30,00 - 2J.C0 g lO.CO 0.00 ^^^€^ ™ P™8 ,V!trlhllnl,l ,., , binhjng vidiin s6c^j„g khSch ™*= o NguSn: Tmh toan ciia tiic gia Ngfldi lao ddng dang lam viec KCNC dfldc dao tao tfl chuyen nganh ky t h u a t va NghiSn aiu Kinh Iff sff 6(481) • Thing 6/2018 edng nghd chie'm ty le eao nhat (83%), tie'p den la nganh kinh te va n g a n h khac nhfl 51 Nen tang fldo tao v^ ndng Itfc hoc ehuyen nganh kinh td', dd chu ydu la ndng nghiep, y dflde va nganh xa hdi Lao ddng nhan vien van phdng Khi dfldc hdi v^ viee co nhom nganh ky thuat va edng nghe lam dung chuyen nganh da dflde dao tao thi cfi tham gia chu ye'u d vi tri la 1^ thuat vien khoang 20% lao dong cho r^ng ho khdng lam chiem (28%), ke den la nhan vien van phdng va viec diing ehuyen nganh chuyen vien Trong so' ngfldi khao sat cd chflc 4.2 Ddnh gid ndng liic cd nhdn theo v\i quan ly, tat ca d^u cd ehuyen nganh la ky loai hinh ddo tqo thuat va cdng nghe Ngoai ra, ed 15,60% ngfldi HINH 3: Gia tri t r u n g b i n h c u a n a n g Iflc trf d a n h g i a Qu5ctS P3,bg Ti/thuc C8ng lap •3,70 i 3,40 3,50 3,60 3,70 3,80 3,90 Ngudn: Tmh toan ciia tic gia Theo danh gia cua ngfldi lao ddng ddi vdi nang Ifle cua b a n t h a n : lao ddng de'n tfl trflcing edng lap co n a n g Ifle ca n h a n t r u n g binh la 3,7 cao hdn b a n trfldng tfl thue (3,59) nhflng lai tha'p hdn trflcJng quS^c td' (3,8) Lao dong tfl cac trfldng cdng lap cd cac ky nang thfch nghi tot vdi cdng vide mdi, ed k h a nang chiu ap Ifle eao, cd t i n h ky Ifldng elln than, n a n g Ifle lam viec nhdm cao, k h a n a n g ngoai ngfl p h u hdp vdi cdng viec hdn so vdi cae trfldng tfl thuc Trong do, lao ddng dd'n tfl cae trflcfng quoc tfe' noi bat hdn cae trflcfng k h a c d cae ky nang nhfl kinh nghiem l a m vide cao, t r i n h dd tin hoe vflng, ky n a n g k i l m soat thdi gian tot, cd k h a n a n g tfl hoe hoi cao, co tfnh sang tao, cd k h a n a n g giai quygt va'n de, co quy tae va ky l u a t cao HINH 4: N a n g Iflc lao d o n g t h e o loai h i n h d a o t a o 4.5 3.5 2.5 1.5 0.5 s^^>.^'^' >»? , > I if ,*.43 2.69 3.15 2J6 3.44 Kien thiJc Ihirc t^ 3.2S •-2 3.14 3,16 3, 13 2.63 3.36 3.51 Cong lap •Tathuc Tir phan tich 3,21 2,75 2.9- Kf nang giao ti^p 3,04 l.il 2.3S Ojnh hiftJng nghe 3.09 2,S3 Kiem sodt thirt gian KJ nang \km Kh5 ning quy^t I crng dung nh6m vin thuyll vdo thi/c te 3.34 3,31 3.16 3,36 2,iS 2.81 3,5 3,13 2.S1 •Qu6cte Ngudn: Tinh toan cua tac gia K e t l u a n Xem xet nang Iflc lao ddng KCNC TP Ho Chi Minh dai dien eho nang Iflc thi trfldng lao ddng dang sfl dung tfl ngfldi lao ddng vdi yeu e4u ve nang Iflc tinh thich nghi, kinh nghiem edng vide cao, k h a nang giai quyet va'n de, cho thay, cac kid'n thflc ky nang nam nhdm ky nang mem va kien thfle thflc te^ Trong da sd' ngfldi lao ddng dd'n tfl trflcfng edng eung c&p tot ndi dung mdn hgc, kie'n thflc ly thuydt va lam vide nhdm Tfl do, eho tha'y '16 hong" gifla dao tao va yeu c^u cdng viec rdi vao nhom ky nang mem da de cap Dieu gdp phdn ly giai tai cac cdng ty khd tim dfldc nguon n h a n Ifle phfl hdp, so Ifldng lao dgng cung flng cao Ngoai ra, theo World Bank, cd it nha't kha nang khdng ket noi he thong giao due bac eao la: (i) khoang each gifla cac ndi dao tao va ky nang cdn thiet cho nha tuyen dung; (ii) mdi quan he nghien cflu va ky t h u a t ye'u gifla ndi dao tao 54 va cdng ty; (iii) cd sfl p h a n biet gifla giang day va nghien eflu, hay ndi each khac la gifla chflc nang giang day va chflc nang nghien cflu; (iv) khdng ke't ndi dao tao, nghia la gifla ndi dao tao va ndi hua'n luyen; (v) c6 sfl p h a n biet gifla ndi dao tao eao hge va ndi dao tao ea'p hge t h a p hdn Trong pham vi nghien cflu nay, "lo hd'ng" gifla dao tao va thi trflcfng cd the den tfl k h a nang khdng ket noi thfl nhHit va thfl hai Ngfldi lao ddng danh gia thieu eac ky nang giao tiep va xac dinh muc tieu cdn la sinh vien, ky nang giao tie'p, sang tao cdn h a n che Thd' nhflng Ifldng kien thfle va ky n a n g tfl cac chfldng trinh dao tao c6 sfl khac biet theo loai hinh dao tao cong lap, tfl thuc, hoac quoc te Trfldng cdng lap co Ifldng kie'n thfle hoc cao nhflng flng dung dfldc kie'n thflc vao edng viec lai h a n che hdn trflcfng tfl thuc Ne'u theo nhu cdu cua thi trfldng, thi xu hfldng dao tao cua trflcfng tfl thue va qud'e te cd t h e dap flng hdn nhu cdu thi trfldng d cac kie'n thflc thflc te va ky nang NghiSn ciiu Kmh Iff sff 6(481) - Thing 6/2018 Nen tang ddo tao vd ndng luc mem D^ cai t h i e n cae chfldng t r i n h dao tao, cac t r u d n g cdn t a p t r u n g n h i e u hdn viec giang day cac k y n a n g n a y Mdt t h a c h thflc ldn eua ddn vi dao t a o la l a m eho lao ddng cd t u p h a n bien va giai quyet va'n de de day m a n h k h a n a n g s a n g tao Lfle Ifldng lao ddng ed t a y nghe eao la t r u n g t a m eua sfl t h a n h edng t r o n g chuyen doi k i n h te' v a xa hdi cua Vidt N a m , ta^t n h i e n se cang q u a n t r g n g eho n g a n h cdng nghe cao Do dd, sfl t a p t r u n g ddu tfl cdng va tfl vao giao due la di^u hien nhidn de n a n g cao k y nang va cha't Ifldng cua Iflc Ifldng lao ddng n h a m thfle hien mue t i e u ehien Ifldc p h a t trien Khoang each k y n a n g , t h i e u h u t ky n a n g va thdng tin la cae rao can chinh ehuyen dd'i lao dgng d Viet N a m Giao due dai hgc dflde xem la ddng Iflc chinh nudi dfldng chat Ifldng nguon n h a n lfle c u a doanh nghiep va d a t nfldc Do dd, chfldng t r i n h dao t a o eua eac trfldng dai hgc chie'm vi t r i ra't quan trgng Mae dfl dao t a o nghe k h d n g md rdng bang dao t a o dai hgc, nhflng nhdm n a y v i n t h u h u t Ifldng 16n ngudi t r e tud'i Ddn vi dao tao va doanh nghiep n e n chu dgng h e n hd va g^n kd't vdi n h a u t a o r a mgt chfldng t r i n h dao tao phfl hdp cho t h i trfldng lao ddng Trong thdi ky Vidt N a m diy m a n h hgi n h d p k i n h td' va thfle hien eae hiep fldc thfldng mai vdi WTO, hiep flde AFTA va A P E C , vide k e t ndi nen t a n g dao t a o va doanh nghiep cang ed y nghia q u a n trgng, giup t h u c ddy n a n g Iflc ngfldi lao dgng de n a n g eao n a n g lfle eanh t r a n h cua doanh nghiep Viet N a m t r e n t h i trfldng quoc te./ TAI LIEU THAM K H A O Burke T B (2003), Defining competency and revewing factors that make impact knowledge, percieved importance and use of competencies in the 4-H profesional's job, Hi.D Thesis Eastern Michigan University Bynner J (1998), Education and family components of identity in the transition from school to work, International journal of behavior development 22(1), 29-53 NgtiiSn aiu Kinh tff sff 6(481) • Thing 6/2018 Doan T & and Stevens P (2011), Labor market returns to higher education in Vietnam, Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal Dircmg Dinh Giam (2017), C6ng nghiep Viet Nam, m6t s6 kigh nghi v^ chinh sach phat tri^n de'n nam 2025 va t ^ nhin de'n nam 2035 Ban Kinh te'trung itang, trich ti( https://kinhteirunguong.vn, ngdy 29/09/2017 Gangani N T., McLean G N & Braden R A (2004), Competency-Based Human Resource Development Strategy In Egan, T M & M L Morris (Eds.), Proceedings AHRD 2004 conference Bowling Green, OH: AHRD Jorgensen C H (2004), Connecting work and education: should learning be useful, correct or meaningful? Journal of Workplace Learning, 16 (8) Lave J & Wenger E, (1991), Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation, Cambrid: Cambridge University Press Mansilla V B & Jackson A (2011), Educating for Global Competence: Preparing Our Youth to Engage the World, Asia Society CCSSO McQelland D C (1973), Testing for competencies rather than for intelligcncy, American Psychologist lO.Nguygn Ba Ngoc v^ Dang Dd Quyfin (2014), NhOng thach thiic vi lao d6ng, viec lam qua trinh t ^ dung cd c£l!u dfln s6' v^ng va dcfi vdi gik h6a ddn s6 d^ phat triin b^n vOng dit, Tgp chi Nghien ciiw Kinh te, sd'2(429) 11 Reddy G J (2012), Vietnam: Towards maintaining equilibrium with intemational competence in higher education and human resources, Universal Journal of Education and General Studies 12.Thomton IH G C and Rupp D H (2006), Assessment centers in human resource management: Strategies for Prediction, Diagnosis, and Development, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 13 World Bank (2008), Vietnam: Higher Education and Skills for Growth, The World Bank Press 14 World Bank (2012), Putting Higher Education to Work: Skills and Research for Growth in East Asia, The World Bank Press IS.Worid Bank (2014) Skilling Up Vietnam: Preparing the Workforce for a Modem Market Economy, The World Bank Press Ngay nhan bai: NgSy duyet dang: 17-4-2018 22-5-2018 55 ... thdi gian 2.3 Thi triidng lao dqng lao dqng d Viet Nam va ndng luc Khi clu lao ddng cao hdn cung lao dpng thi sfl tbid'u hut se xay r a dae biet doanh nghidp c i n lao ddng co ky nang, ky t h... lao dpng i Viet Nam khong phai la thSfp, ngUdi s i dung lao dong luon dang tim kiem nguM lao dong, nhien ho khong tim dUdc ngUcri lao dong CO ky nSng p h u hdp vdi nhu cSu cua hp Tuyen dung lao. .. nang Iflc lao ddng KCNC TP Ho Chi Minh dai dien eho nang Iflc thi trfldng lao ddng dang sfl dung tfl ngfldi lao ddng vdi yeu e4u ve nang Iflc tinh thich nghi, kinh nghiem edng vide cao, k h a
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