Nghiên cứu phiên dịch hán nôm tài liệu phật giáo qua đối chiếu hai bản dịch thiên uy nghi thành thơ lục bát

NGHIEN CUtr PHIEN DICH HAN NOM TAI LIEU PH^T GIAO QUA DOI CHIEU HAI BAN DICH THIEN UYNGHI THANH THO LUC BAT* NGUY6N DINH HU'NG**' Tom tdl: Npi dung bai viet Id mpt nghien cdn Gudng hgp cua phien djch hpc Trong bai vilt nay, ngirdi vilt tiln hanh nghidn cdu theo hudng phien djch hgc md td vdi hai ban djch tho lyc bat cd nidn dgi each hon 100 nam cfia thien Uy nghi Sa Di lugt nghi yiu luge tdng chii Bai viet tdp tmng xdc djnh myc dich djch thugt van ban td van xudi chu Han , sang tho lyc bat chft Ndm, xac djnh hinh thai djch thudt, su chuyin djch van hda td bdn gdc sang bdn djch Trong phan ddi chieu sy khac biet gida hai ban djch, bai viet cung chi nhftng diem sda chda, thay the, them bdt cua ban djch sau so vdi ban djch truoc de phfi hgp vdi hoan cdnh duong thdi Tiekhda: Uy nghi, phien djch hgc, hinh thai djch thugt, chuyen djch van hda Abstract: This paper takes a deep insight into translation studies by exploring a case study The study is conducted towards descriptive translation on the basis of two "luc - bat" poems (known as distichsix-eight-word), the dates of which were more than 100 years apart and were identified in the Chapter "Uy nghr of "Sa Di luat nghi yeu luoc lang chu" What follows is to clarify theGanslation purpose ofthe prose from Sino into Nom under the form of "luc-bat", andto conjecture the Ganslation form as well as to convey culturefrom thesource language tothe target language In comparing the differences betwe^ the two translations, the study identifies necessary correction, substitution, addition and omition to be relevant to the contemporary context Keywords: Uy nghi, translation theory, translation styles, and culture convey Dat van de Trong qua khd, nhidu tu sT Ph^t giao Viet Nam dd phien djeh kinh sdeh ehQ Han thdnh chu Ndm Hoat dgng dien lien lye Gong nhidu till k^ va mdi kit thfic vdo ddu till k^- XX chQ Quoc ngQ duge phd bien Cfing vdi hogt L J- u YTC XT- ' 1-I dgng phien dieh Hdn Nom a cac lmh vyc khde, phidn djeh Han Ndm tai lieu PJ^^t &^° cfing dong gdp nhung net ddc sac vdo ddi sdng ton giao, vdn hge, van hda Vi^t Nam Xudt phat tG thyc t l sd ^^^% P^ong ph" cac ban dieh Ndm tai lieu Phat giao edn lgi tdi cfing „) , CN Vien Nghidn curu Han Ndm • ^ 65 TAP CHi HAN N O M , S6 (142) - 2017 vdl gid tri cfia chung, ehung tdi thay can phai tim hilu vdn dl phidn dieh cd didn Han Ndm Gong tai ligu Phgt gido de tim duge nhung dgc trung efia hogt dgng phidn djch ndy, ddng thdi tim duge nhfing didm khac bidt cfia hogt ddng phien dich tai lieu Phat gido vdi hogt dgng phidn dich tai lieu thudc nhQng lirUi vyc khae nhu Nho giao, van hgc Vi v$y, ttong bdi viet nay, chdng tdi ehgn hai bdn dich tho cfia thien Uy nghi de bude ddu nghien cdu vl vdn dl phien dieh Hdn Ndm tdi lieu Phgt giao Cac bdn dich la tdi lieu hge tap mang ti'nh bdt huge vdi ngudi mdi xudt gia xua vd van cdn anh hudng cho tdi ngdy Ban goc chG Han vd cac ban dich Ndm thien Uy nghi Sa Di ludt nghi yiu luge ldng chii vy ^ # ' i ^ « ^ J t ? ± la mdt bO sach ehu Han vl gjdi luat vd uy nghi eho ngudi xudt gia theo traydn thdng Ph£it giao Bde Tdng Sdeh ngdi Van Thd Chau Hodng soan phdn ylu luge, ngdi Hodng Tan chfi tiiich Sdeh ehia ldm hai phdn: Gi&i lugt mdn gdm 10 gidi cdm efia Sa Di, Uy ngki mdn gdm 24 ehuong Uy nghi cd ngi dung la nhQng ldi day bdo ddnh eho ngudi mdi xudt gia Theo khdo sdt cfia chung tdi, hign tai Gong eac thu vien cfia Vidt Nam edn cac ban Sa di lugt nghi yiu luge ldng chu ; j ' - i # # , - ^ ' ^ i t ) i sau: ede ban AC.622, AC.338, AC.311, AC.345, AC.164 cfia Vi$n Nghien euu Han Ndm; bdn TN.080 efia tiiu vi?n chfia Thdng Nghiem Sau ddi ehiiu cae ban Gen, chfing tdi tiidy phdn bdn g6c chQ Han efia ede sdeh diu tuong ty nhu Trong phgm vi bai vilt ndy, ehung toi chgn phdn nguydn van ehQ Hdntix)ngbdn 66 NGUYEN DlNH HUI^G TN.080 cfia thu vidn ehiia Thang Nghidm ldm edn eu ddi chilu vdi eac bdn dieh vi day la mgt ban saeh tdt, ro net, ddy du ngi dung vd duge dang tai cdng khai Gen intemet^ Bdn gdc dugc hoan thdnh ndm Tu Due thu 34 (1884), van luu d chfia Da Bao (Phfi Xuydn, Hd Ndi) Sdeh cd 194 trang, ngi dung gdm ca hai thien Gi&i lugt vd Uy nghi moi thien, phdn yeu luge efia ngai Chdu Hodng duge m chG to, moi ddng 20 ehQ, phdn tang chu efia ngdi Hoang Tan m song cude chQ nhd, moi ddng 20 chG Thidn Uy nghi Id mgt phdn sdeh Sa Di ludt nghi yeu luge tdng chu O Viet Nam, song hanh vdi bdn ehu Han, cdc bdn dien Ndm vdn ban ndy cfing dugc su dung rgng rdi, ttd thdnh ndi dung hge tdp bdt buOc vdi ngudi xudt gia Theo khdo sdt cfia chfing tdi, hien tai d Viet Nam c6 hai bdn ban djeh Ndm cfia thidn Uy nghi sau tho lyc bdt (ehi dich phan ydu luge ngdi Chdu Hoang soan) - Uy ngki qudc nga, in ttong sdeh Nhdt th&i li tung tap yiu cku ngki — Bf ^ f i i f t ^ ^ # , vdn khdc ndm 1892 tai chfia Bd Da - Bdc Giang"* Vdn bdn Uy nghi qudc ngti gom 17 ttang (92blOOb) Moi trang in gom ddng, m5i ddng cd 17-18 ehQ, dd c6 eu dau sdn Chinh vdn gdm 2254 lugt chQ Ndm, tuong dng vdi 322 eau tho lue bdt Cdu trfic bdn dich gdm 24 ehuong gidng ban goc Phdn tieu dl vdn bdn ghi chu vl tde gid: "Nhu Thi Hoa thugng gidi" Theo nghidn ciiu eua ehdng tdi, Hda thugng Nhu Thi sdng thl ky XVIir*, vay ndn ban dich cua dng ed nien dgi tuong ty NGHI£N cffu PHitN DICH HAN N M WVMtWWi fl;li*:#lôoi*ô* 8i?s;*!ô;fflJig,'ôir '"t *ã * ãô- " ^ Lifllt I » a « i 5" t * A*.j:S!f S iftiH.a: i t tl*'^••'ti'^- I ^ r-lltttl' Pi Bin A cua H6a thirdng Nhir Thj giai Sm - Sa Di uy nghi quoc ngit, in Gong eudn Qtey San cdnh sdeh vdn^di^^ X kJide in nam 1899 tgi chfia Himg Phue, Vo Gidng, Bde Giang (TN.042, thu vien ehiia Tiidng Nghiem) Bdn ndy duge ghi chu: "Le trieu sde td Hda thugng ty Nhu Thi giai Qudc ngG H^u hgc Xudn Ldi Hung Phfic ty Tieu sT Chinh Dgi trfing dinh" (Hda thugng dugc sdc td trieu Le la Nhu Thj giai qudc ngQ H^u hge la Tieu sT Chinh Dai d chua Xudn Ldi Hung Phfic dinh ehinh lai) d ddu Quy Scm cdnk sack van cd bdi tya "Trung san Cdnh sach vdn dien dm tilu dan" cfia Chinh Dai soan ndi ve viec ong trung dinh cdc vdn bdn cd va tap hgp lgi thdnh saeh ndy rdi eho khde vdn TG ehGng eG nay, ehfing toi xac dinh duge nidn dgi cfia ban dich Sa Di uy nghi quoc ngit cfia Chinh Dai d vao Ban B cua Tiiu sT Clifnii Dai trCing dfnh eudi thl ky XIX Vdn bdn Sa Di «y ngki qudc nga gdm 16 ttang (20a - 27b), moi Gang gdyi ddng, rndi ddng 19 ehG Tdng egng van ban cd 2366 ehQ ehinh vdn tuong Gng vdi 338 cau lye bat Cdu trfic cua vdn ban van gdm 24 ehuong nhu d bdn gde Chfing tdi tam ggi ban Uy nghi qudc nga cfia Hoa tiiugng Nhu Thi giai am la ban A, bdn 5a Di uy ngki qudc ngit efia Chinh Dai ttfing dinh Id ban B Trong qud ttinh nghidn euu, ehung tdi da lay nguydn van chG Han phdn ydu luge efia tiiien Uy ngki ban Sa di lugt ngki yiu luge tdng cku (TN.080, thu vien chua Thdng Nghidm) ldm can eG d l phdn tieh vide phien dieh Hdn Nom d hai ban dich A, B va tiln hanh so sdnh hai bdn dieh 67 NGUYiN BlNH HimG Ti^P CHI HAN NOM, SO (142) - 2017 Dot chieu cdeh phien dich Han Ndm & hai ban dich Trong phan ndy, ehung tdi tap trung nghidn euu theo hudng phien dich hgc md td dli vdi hai ban dich efia thidn Uy Ban eoc 4717 S6 chft ' Ti IS a&i dich chft S6cau 414 Ti le doi dich cau Quan sdt bdng ddi chidu tren, ehung tdi thdy rdng d hai ban A vd B, so ehG bdn dieh xdp xi 50% so vdi bdn gdc, ti Id ddi dieh cdu efia hai ban eao hon ti Id ddi dich chQ L;^ efia hi?n tugng se dugc chfing tdi ly giai d phdn tilp theo 2.1 Nhirng diim tirang ddng giita hai bdn dich Vdi hai bdn dich ndy, hai dich gid dd rdt chd ^ tdi mye dieh dieh thu|it, ddi tugng dOc gia, eimg nhu cac ydu td vdn hda va ngdn ngQ dich dich Trong bdn A, Hda thugng Nhu Thj da md ddu bdng mue dieh phidn dich efia minh; Co kim ngy cdng ddm dang, Theo ddi ddu cii m& mang kim tki Gidi kai mieai bdn uy nghi, De cko hdu hgc biit thi kinh tdn doan kit thde, vai ttd eua ban dieh vdi dge gia duge nhdc Iai: City gi&i lugt thy Pi, Sa tdm hgc ldy uy ngki ldm ddu Tuong ty, d bdn B muc dich phien djch efing dugc tde gia Chinh Dai dp cgp; Cir yiu luge luu tkdng, Diin qudc ngit ddng mdng di tri ngki de tim dde diem Gong phidn dich Han Ndm cfia cac ban dieh Ti lg ddi dieh efia hai bdn djeh so vdi bdn gde dugc ehfing tdi thdng ke lai nhu sau: Ban A 2254 1/0,478 322 1/0,778 BanB 2366 1/0,501 338 1/0,816 Gidi hai muai bdn uy ngki, Di cko de biit thuc vi hdu cdn Ddi tugng dge gid duge xde djnh cho hai bdn dich ndy Id nhQng ngudi "hau hgc", "sa tam", "ddng mdng", "hau cdn" Dd Id nhung ngudi mdi xudt gia, phdi ldy tidu ludt lam edn bdn dd hge vd hdnh tri Trd lgi bdi ednh Phdt gido ddu till ky XVIII, td Nhu Trfing dd phai tiian rang: "Hidn nhdm thdi mat phdp, nhan tdm suy ddi, Ph|t phdp qugnh que, gidi ludt da khdng cd ngudi duge hge "[Thich Thanh Tu, 1999: 459] Trong bdi cdnh dd, nhQng vdn bdn luat nghi Ph^t giao can dugc phd biln rdng rdi d Viet Nam lam edn bdn dl tu tri Vi ly Gen, thidn Uy ngki da dugc tae gid Nhu Thi djeh Ndm Tac gia da chpn hinh IhGe tha luc bat la huih thuc don gidn nhdt dl hgc thuge ddi vdi ngudi Viet Khi dich tac gid eung tilt luge nhung ngi dung phGc tgp, bd sung thdm itiiQng n0i dung cdn tlult ddi vdi tu sT Viet Nam dl tao di?n mgo mdi cho ban dich Toi eudi thl k^ XIX, Chinh Dai Tilu sT lgi trung dinh vdn bdn efia Hda thugng Nhu Thi, Dieu dugc ehinh dng khdng djnh d cudi bdn djch: "T6 Nhu Thi dien da Idu^ai day NGHlfeN CUtJ PHlfeN DICH HAN N M thdm bdt mdy edu ggi Id" Vide trfing ban dich cfi, tao ndn mdt ban dieh gdn dinh cfia Chinh Dai nhdm ggt giua lai gfii hon vdi thdi dai efia dng Khi phantichbdn gde va hai bdn djeh A, B d cdp cdu, ehung tdi ed duoc bang thdng kd vl sd cdu d tdng bdn nhu sau: Chinmg Sficiu du^c djch it ban A SS cau thff djch tmmg ihig & bfin A 10 So cfiu tho theni vio (^ bfin A I cfiu a ban fioc Sdcfiu duoc dlcho' bfinB W Sdcfiu thSm vfio fir binB 34 10 n 15 10 17 15 12 12 20 20 4 41 19 22 12 11 15 21 10 30 12 12 12 11 11 10 10 8 S 16 11 12 n 12 12 12 10 26 I I 11 11 II 14 10 11 12 13 4 4 13 27 7 7 14 7 15 2 2 Sd cfiu tho djch tuong ung it bfin B 16 9 17 11 7 18 23 4 19 12 7 20 18 10 9 21 3 22 12 12 12 23 7 5 a 24 35 35 35 TG ket qua bang tren cfing vdi thyc td dgc van bdn, chung tdi nhan thay d hai ban A va B cd nhQng didm chung sau: (1) Dieh gid khdng djch toan bg van ban, ma chgn lgc ngi dung de dieh (2) ca hai bdn diu duge thdm vdo nhQng ndi dung khdng cd bdn gde (3) Sd iugng cau duge dich vd s6 cdu tho tuong Gng d bdn dieh eo sy chdnh ldeh.(4) Ddo trgt tu cau dich Cy thd, ehung tdi se lay vi dy phdn tich cho tdng nhgn xet ttdn: (1) Dick gid kkdng dick lodn bd vdn bdn, md ckgn lgc ndi dung di dfck (2) O cd kai bdn deu dugc them vdo nhang ngi dung kkdng cd bdn gdc 69 NGUYiN DiNHHIfNG TAP CHl HAN N M , SO (142) - 2017 Vi du nhu d tnidng hgp sau: Stt S 10 Ban goc Vilddi tkdp ngd Ban A Mirdi )am phep dgy vi 16 Miia ddng ret mudt thilt tha Ignh li^ng Clii dun lat lat chd nong BdnB Mirdi lam day vi£c vi Id Mua ddng ret mudt thdn [so] lgnh Ifing Cdi than lieu lieu chd ndng Bdt ddc giao ddu tiip nki thuyil thogi Bat dac ddn cdu nhf hoa tnmg Bat dde hong boi hdi miii Bdl ddc hu&ng hda Chdng dugc sudi mai, Chdng nen [] mai lan ddng thdi cieu, khung nhudng ciing hgu nhdn b^nh tang phuang hgu nhdn Sdo noon, liin nghi qui Vf Vi dll muln hgc kinh van Nhat cd ludng tidn mge phan chiing tdng 11 Chang dugc nhdc lac ndi Chdng nen nhdc lac dai ddng nang Chang dugc ngd vuc noi Chdng nen nghi hcrac noi nang sy lung sij ngudi ngudi d chuong 15, cac edu 4, 5, 6, to ty nhidn ma d miin bdc nude Ja khac khdng dugc dich; ddng thdi cae edu 2, 3, vdi Trung Qude 9, 10, I I , 12 d b a n A v a , 3, 11, 12 d Trong cd hai ban djeh, ehung tdi bdn B Id nhQng n^i dung duge thdm vdo nhdn thay nhQng ndi dung qua ti mi ddu so vdi bdn gde duge luge bd dieh Dieh gid chi giQ 12 CJ Gong dogn tren, trudng hgp cau I, chung tdi ed tiie tam didn gidi If dich gid thdm ngi dung ndy vdo bdn dich Q edu ndy djch gid nhdc tdi "mfia ddng" Q nude ta, ddy la mfia lanh cdn phai sudi bdng Ida Tuy nhien, d Trung Qude la noi gdn vdi vfing dn ddi hon tiii tiidi gian nhidt dg thdp khdng chi cd miia ddng Ngi dung them vdo Id mdt ydu nhimg ngi dimg quan Ggng nhat bdn djch dl phfi hgp vdi thl loai tha Iuc bdt, va ddm bdo dung lugng ngan ggn dd ngudi dge cd the hgc thuOc long Ngodi ra, chung toi n h ^ thdy cd mgt quy luat nhdt qudn Id nhung edu kd, thdn chfi diu khdng dugc dich Ngi dung thudc phdn Ty Ni la ngi dung bdt huge phai hilu va hge thuge long vdi ngudi xudt NGHIEN CCru PHlfeN DICH HAN NdlW gia, vi vdy ndn bdn dich Uy ngki khdng cdn dua ehfing vdo nhieu edu tho lye bdt - C6 nhidu ngi dung phGe tap, khdng (3) Sd lugng cdu dugc dick vd so cdu can thidt phai dieh hodn toan bg ndn dugc Iha luang ung & bdn dich co sg chink lick rut ggn djch Sd dl cd dilu ndy vi hai ly do: Ci trudng hgp thG nhat, so cau d bdn - Mgt cau tho cd so chQ nhdt djnh la dieh nhieu hon sd cau d bdn gdc, hoae chG Khi dich mgt cau dai, dich dieh mgt cau ddi dich gia phai tdeh ndi gia phdi eat ngi dung edu d ban goc dung thdnh nhiiu y rdi chuyen dich thdnh nhieu doan, sau chuyen djeh thdnh niulu edu tho Vi du; Ban goc Ban A BanB Su tgt binh Thdy du than thl thilu ninh Su sinh cam benh tinh Nhdt nhdt dyng tdm Sua sang phong that sir tinh han Sua sang phong xd dieu dinh han diiu tri phong thdt, bi hoi hoi nhuc DiegcnM chiic thuc Thuoc thang, com chdo dudng Thudc thang, com chao dudng ddng nudi nudi Nhung ndi dung trdn khdng can djeh Truong hgp thG hai, nhidu cdu nhiing vat tten deu quen thudc vdi ban gde cd ngi dung phue tzp, khdng edn thiet phdi dich ttgn ven ndn dugc luge ngudi xuat gia va ede bai ke da ed ttong Ti Ni Chinh vi vdy, d cd hai ban dich, dieh Vi dy nhu d ehuong 24, bdn gde ed 35 cau (346 chu) ndi ve eac logi y, bat, chuang 24 deu ehi duge tdm luge tga cy; eae bdi kg dap y, khai tga eu Gong vai cdu: Ban A Y bat hai muai bdn chung Nam dieu vdi bay, liln ciing hai nham Thugc long ba chu nh§p tdm Bat cfing tga cy chd nham lam chi BanB Ndy chuong y bdt Id xong, Thd hai muoi bdn danh ding Ca sa Nhdng ma dilu phdm cd ba, NgQ dieu vdi bay cfing Id ddi nam Thugc long chu chu nhdp tdm Bat ciing toa cu nhd nhdm chu chi (4) Bao trdt ttf cdu dich Hien tuo^ig Ban gdc Bdt ddc chi tru dgo biin cgng nhdnn^ 2a Bdt ddc td kitu cd thi, duang 2b di dau tiiy su hgu Stt xuit hien kha ph6 bite IronR hai ban djch A va B Vi du: Ban A BanB 3 Cui ddu thui thui lg trinh theo Cui dau chdm chdm tiiy hanh chung sau sau Chdng dugc td hOu Gdng dau Chdng dugc td huu Gdng ddu TAP CHi HAN N M , S6 (142) - 2017 NGUYiN BlNH HUNG Chdng dugc frd chuy?n cung Chd nen Gd chuyen cfing ben dudng ben dudng Trong vi dy d chuong 3, eau "Bat dde ehi ttu " dd dugc ddy xudng dudi d bdn djch Trong nOi bd eau 2, dich gjd eung ^ trdt ty y dieh Vi ly vdn luat, bang ttdc eiia thl logi tho d ban djeh ndn ngi dung d ban gdc bi ddo thd ty eho phfi hgp TG nhung phdn tich ttdn, ehfing tdi xac dinh hinh thdi djeh thuat eua hai bdn A, B Id dich ty Ddy la hinh thdi djch "tdi tao lgi ngi dung md khdng sd dung hinh thGc cfia vdn bdn gdc Trong dich ty do, sy tuong duong dich tiiuiit khdng bj gidi hgn Gong mdt don vi djch; nghTa Id cdc don vi djch van bdn ngudn cd the khdng tuong Gng d cimg mgt cdp vdi md bi xao Ggn, ehdng hgn mdt tG cd thd tuong ung vdi mdt ngQ, vd mgt ngG cd thd ehuyin m0t cu hay mgt cdu; sy tuong duong co chidu hudng d cap cao nhdt - cdp dg edu, vd ddi d cap dg ldn hon cdu - edp van bdn" [Nguyen Thugng Hung, 2005: 191] Trong hinh thai dich ty do, ed thd dfing "each gidi fltieh dai hon vdn bdn gdc" [2005: 192], hode "dich tu ngdn hon vdn ban gdc ngudi djch thdy cd the hode can tdm luge cdc y hay cae ngQ, cu, edu Gong ngdn ngu gde tiidnh mgt edeh didn dat hay mgt ngQ, efi, edu rd rang, mach Ige, phu hgp vdi each vilt eua ngdn ngu dich" [2005; 193] Trong bdn djeh A, B, mdt sd trudng hgp dugc dich phdng tae md "nhiing yeu td van hda efia ngdn ngG goe dugc chuyen hodn toan thdnh nhiing ylu td vdn hda cfia ngon ngQ dich" [2005: 185], Vi dy nhu de dich cym "Tku Id doan kkdi" (chG vilt ngdn) thi bdn A djeh Id "Ngang bdng sd thdng chdng mdng cau cdng", bdn B djeh Ia "Ngang bdng sd thdng cho tudng thu edng" Cum tii "ngang bdng sd tiidng" Id mgt cum tG duge dfing phd biln vd ridng biet Gong ttong tilng Viet dd ehi ehu vilt ngdn, I nhin, vd nd da dugc ehgn dl djeh cym "Thu ta doan khdi" Hoac nhu d chuong 2, ca hai ban djch ddu cd mdt doan cau tho dien gidi eau ttong ban gdc "Thilt ly su duong Gc su hdi" (Rdi xa thay ndn nhd ldi day eda thay), edu tye ngO "duge ed bd nom" dd dugc van dung ban djeh: Bdn A: Dieng long dugc cd bd nam/ Gido da tkank odn nen dgo tink Bdn B: Dieng long dugc cd quin nam/ Gido da thdnh odn cam dgo tinh Khdng ehi viin dung nhfing yeu td ngdn ngu thuan Vidt djeh gid vgn dyng nhiing cdu ehQ Han quen thudc vdi ngudi Viet vdo ban dieh Cung d doan cau tha ttdn, cau "nhdt ty vi su, ban tu vi su" cung duge vsin dyng ttong edu tho: Tu&ng ngdy nkdt tg sa tdm din ngu&i Ngoai nhQng vi du ttdn, ehfing tdi cdn tim4uge tiiem mOt sd Gudng hgp Giong ty; stt Ban goc 72 Dili Ban A Ngudi BanB Nguiri Ghi cht D^i tir "ngudi" NGHIEN ciru PHlftN DJCH HAN N M Samdn tilng Vidt dugc diing dh ggi nhung b^c dang tdn kinh Chdng dugc tham Bdt ddc qud Ifck vieng ngirdi lang, nhdn gia Chang dugc vao chon hg hang quen Vdha thgc hdo dc Tgi su lien bdl ddc thy nhan le Tiin ldt, duang lfnh thdo thu, vi thdo bdt ddc tri vdt Chang dugc rS thdm ngirdi Idng, Cling la vao chdn ho hang quen "Ngudi ldng", "hg hdng" Id nhdng khai niem chi ngudi bien Gong cdng dong ldng xa Viet Nam, dugc diing dl djch td "nhdn gia" Chdng dugc mgn nhat Chang dugc man nhat "Mdn nhgt" la td dung khen che khen che bien Gong tilng Vi?t nhdn xet ve thdc an Hode sai vai den Hoac sai vai den "Sai vdi": td tieng Viet chua chiia chi phdt td tdi chua Cd thay ngoi dd, chd Co thay ngii do, chd cho le minh cho Id minh Khi ma chua nia lanh Khi md chua rda lanh "Thd hdi": tro bep va chung xa ngudi chung xa ngudi dat Rda tay thdi diing tho Rda tay phai xat thl "Bo hdn","bl ket": hdi, hoi, nhung loai qud co tac Bo hon bo ket nhflng B6 hdn bo ket ni^m dyng tdy rda ldi day khuyen ldi chan ngdn Gido da oan Giao da odn Cum "gido da nen dgo tinh nen dgo tinh odn" phi biln tieng Viet, da xuat hi^n frong tieu lam Viet Nam va bj dgc nhdm Id "gdo tra dai can" 2.2 Nhimg diem kh^c bi^t cua ban B so vol bSn A 2.2.1 SAa lai nhiing chd bdn A djch chira sal Trong bin A, c6 nhitag cho H6a thuong Nhu Thi dich khong sdt voi ban g6c Khi bien tap lai, TiSu sT Ciu'nh D ^ da siia chiia nhung diem cho diing vcri nguyen tac Vidu: Ban A Ban eoc BanB Due diet ddm hda du vdn Bude vdo xem sde cho Kki mudn ldt hdi cho ddm t>hdne nhdn: "Cdnh tudng tudng dune ddng pku?" TAP CHi HAN NOM, SO (142) - 2017 NGUYiN BINH HUNG d Vi du ti&i, doan "dvic dift dang hoa" bto A khfing dich, bto B ffl dich thtah "khi mu5n tjt" TSng cong, chiing tfii thfing ka duoc them chfi nhu vay cr bto B Stt BanB Ban A Ban eoc Tav tha mdc niim B I hen bd 1^ "hdng ldi cby B I hdn, bd k^ niim lai chai ngpn vdn: "DT thdv audn Idniyin chucm^.Dteon^ nguvin chdne sinh Ddc thinh thu Thu tri Phdt phdn An Hode thdy ngoipi cdnh vdo choi Phdm duc thuc ldc ngU Hoge Id lgi mudn tudng ray ngu quan qudntu&ng: Phdm dyng thiiy, tu di Nude thdi phdi Igc, chdng thf hiru trimg vd trimg, nin ddi ngu&i hiiu di mdt la lg qud phuang dyng; nhuac nehiem done, bdt ddc tdo lu Ihuv tu ddi nhdt xudt Dye dgi tiiu tiin luc Cha ngi buc m&i hdu dtean^ hdnk mac dai thung dung noi buc thane thdt Ddo tha tu viin Theo thdy vdo chiia khde choi Thy trai thai phdi tudng ray ngu quan Nude thdi gan Igc khoan mau phdi th&i Ch& nin ngi bOc chgy xdng chgy ddng Cd nhGng ch§ d ban A dieh bj sai, Chinh Dai Tieu sT eung sda lai bdn B Vidy: Nhgp thien die&ng HQ/ ehung djthgp Thdt) di thuang tOc Hda thugng vj Tuy Ty khieu sir, Sa Di duang du tri chi Mudi rang Vao chdn Tdng phong Ndm hg ve sau ke di Ay ngdi Hoa thugng, Sa Di bilt tudng Mudi rang ph^p nhap thien du&ng Ke td mir&i hg tra di, Vao ngdi Hda thugng Sa Di biet tudng 2,2.2 Thay thi cdc tit co Ban phidn Ndm A ddi trude ban B hon 100 ndm Vi vay, ddn thdi diem tac gid Chinh Dai bien tap lgi bdn phidn eua Hoa thugng Nhu Thi, nhidu tii ngG dd khdng cdn dirge dimg hoge it dfing CJ ban B, cac tii dd diu duge thay the bdng tii khde tuong Gng, hode bi xda mdt Cd ba td dien hinh dugc tiiay thl Id "mua", "hda" va "chiin" Stt * TG "ehien"*: Ban gic Ban A Su doi tdn hoge lgp Du CO khach din chiin BanB Hoge la cd khdch den chiia NGHlfeN Ctru PHIEN DICH HAN N M Ihie&ng xie, hoac u su Phai tiep dai, diing bSn hau trac, hoge u su hdu, Ih^ tdt sie nhi myc tieang tiip, hdusus&tu Phdm thugng^ diin tu He la mdi nhdt len ehiin, thdc phgc kho miii, Sua sang can than vung bin Phai nep dai [liem] thua gin thdy Sau rang le Phat chien gid Cd viec chita chiin thay dgy phai nghe Bdt ddc hdi tie khoa Dii ve den chdn gid chien, truang s& kiin thank Chang dugc hoa my the tnmg hoa my chi sg duyen trang hoang Sau rang phep le phgm gia Le Idi n/ia thien day bao phai nghe Thj hoa my sy duydn Trd;ve fru xu chd phien phd phuong Le bdi dj lyc stt He la khda tiing tten chiia, Sfia sang khd mi^ cung ao *TG "mua"^ Ban gdc Ban A BanB Phdi xem cho ghin thuy Phai xem can than chd chung mua rdi vong cM rdi Tu vi tdm su phdng dgo, Du scm du thiiy mua he Ngao du son thuy viec theo quyet trgeh sinh lie, bdt nghi quan san ngogn thiiy, du lich qudng viin, khoa thi u nhdn ' T i r "hoa"': Ban goc Ban A BanB Stt Duang tri trugng tic Tay cam ggy biet hda sau Dd tiiam cho bilt td bl sau ndng ndng thi thiin thdm Phdm kgp chuang, bdt Chdp tay chdng dugc cao gia ddc thdp chi sdm si, bdt ddc tnmg hu, bdl ddc luang chi sdp li trung, lu binh kung, cao de Td mudi ngdn cd hoa ^ ddcsa Dii hoa Ni cd kheo khdn Chap tay chang dugc cao gio Tay mudi ngdn cd la binh Dau maNi co kheo khdn 2.2.3 BS sung them nhung ndi dung m&i CJ bto B, CO nhitag noi dung dugc tac gia Chinh Dai bfi sung them vao so vcri ban B Vi du: Ngi dung ban B bo sung them Cbiroiag Stt Chd nSn bude bgn phfi ttdn, Chuomg 3: Tuy su xuat hanh Cung di dap bong thdi than thilt gi Chuong 11: Chip tac Chfia chien vudn rugng mdi noi, Dhn huong dgn dep, nude voi kin ddy 75 T^P CHI HAN N M , SO (142) - 2017 NGUYEN DlNH Hl/NG C vi dy Gen, dogn "dye digt ddng hda" d bdn A khdng djch, edn d ban B dd djch thdnh "khi muln tdt" Tong cdng, ehfing tdi thong ke dugc thdm cho nhu vay d bdn B Stt BanB Ban goc Ban A Tdv thu mde niim Bo hdn, bd k8t r^Sng l&i 49* Bo bfn, bd m niim lai didn vdn: "Dt thuv audn ngpn chie&n^.DuanQ neuvin chdne sinh Dac think thil Thu tri Phdt phdp An chd ea da sa " Ddo tha tu viin Hode thay ngogn cdnh vao Theo thay vdo chiia khdc choi choi Pham duc thuc ldc neS Hoge Id lgi muon tudng ray Thy trai th&i phdi tudng ray qudn tu&ng: ngij quan ngu quan Phdm dyng thdy, lu di Nude thdi phdi tgc, chdng Nude thdi gan lgc khoan thi hiiu trimg vo trimg, nin ddi ngirai mau phdi thai hiiu dl mdt la lu qud phuong dyng; nhuac nshiem dons, bdt ddc tdo lu thuv lu ddi nhdt xudt Dye dgi tiiu tiin luc Ch& ngi bdc m&i hdu Ch& nin ngi buc chgy xdng dieans hdnh mac ddi thung dung chgy ddng noi bdc thdns thdt Cd nhQng cho d ban A djch bj sai, Chinh Dgi Tilu sT eimg sda lgi d ban B Vidu: Ban gSc Ban A Nhdp thiin ducm? tirv chung Mudi rang Vao chin Tdng di thgp phdng Thdo di thuang tiic Hda Ndm hg vi sau ke di thirgng Vf Tuy Ty khiiu sg, Sa Ay ngdi Hoa thugng, Sa Di Di dtmig du tri chi biet tudng BanB Mudi r^ng phep nhap thien du&ng Ke tu mu&i hg lr& di, Vao ngdi Hda thugng Sa Di biet tudng 2.2.2 Thay the cdc lit c6 Bto phiSn Nfim A dcri trude bto B hem 100 ntoi Vi vSy, den thai diSm tic gia Chinh Dai biSn tap lai bto phi6n ciia Hoa thucmg Nhu Thi, nhiju tir ngti da khfing dupe diing ho|c it diing bto B, cac tir dSu duoc thay thi bjng tit khac tucmg ling, ho^c bi xoa mit Co ba tir dijn hinh ducrc thay th6 la "mua", "hoa" va "chifin" *Tir"chi4n"': Stt Bto s6c Ban A Sir doi tdn hode Igp Dil CO khach den chiin BanB Ho3c 1^ cfi khach den chita NGHIEN CiSV PHliN DJCH HAN N M thudng xu, hoge u su trdc, hode u su hdu, ldt sir nhf myc tuang tiep, hdusus&tu Phdm thugng diin tu thdc phgc kkd miii, Phdi tilp ^ [li^] thua gan iha^ tiidy He td moi nhgt ldn chien Sua sang cdn dian vung ben ao idem Li bdi de luc Sdu rang le Phgt chien gid Cu vi|c chiia chiin thay day phai nghe Bdl ddc hoi pi khoa Dil ve den chon gid ehiin, truang s& kiin thdnh Chang dugc hoa my the trung hoa my chi sy duyen trang hoang Stt H I la khoa tung Gen chiia, Sfia sang khd tniet ciing do xi€m Sau rdng phep Ie phgm gia Le Idi nhd thiin day bao jAi^ nghe Thj thdnh hoa my sy duyen Trdive try xir chd phien phd phuong TG"mua"^ BanB Ban A Phai xem cho ghin thuy Phdi xem can than chd vong ch& rdi chung mua rdi Tu vi tdm suphong dgo, Du son du thuy mua he Ngao du son thuy vi?c theo quyet trgeh sinh lit, bdt nghi quan san ngogn thuy, du lfch qudng viin, khoa thj u nhd/L * Tir "hoa"'': Ban gSc Ban A BanB Stt Dieang tri Iriegng lit Tay cam ggy bilt Ima sau Dd tiidm cho biet td be sau thi thiin thdm ndng ndng Ban goc Phdm hgp chu&ng, bdt Chap tay chdng dugc cao gia ddc th^ chi sdm si, bdt d&: trung hu, bdt ddc tieang chi sdp ti tnmg tu binh hung, cao de Te mudi ngdn cu hda tl ddcs& Dil hoa Ni cd kheo khdn Chdp tay chdng dugc cao gio Tdy mudi ngdn cd Id binh Dau md Ni co kheo khdn 2.2.3 Bd sung them nhihig ngi dung m&i ban B, ed nhQng ngi dung duge tae gia Chinh Dgi bd sung thdm vao so vdi t B Vi du: Stt Chuong Noi dung bdn B bl sung them Chucmg 3: Tiiy su xudt hanh Chd nen bude bgn phfi Gan, Ciing di dgp bdng thdi thdn thilt gi Chuang 11: Chap tac Chfia chiin vudn mgng mdi noi Den huong dgn d?p, nude voi kin day TAP CHi HAN N M , SS (142) - 2017 NhQn^ ndi dung ndy deu la thyc td sinh hogt efia tu sT, vide bd sung nhfing ndi dung ndy vdo ban dich eung giup ich hon cho vide ran nhde ngudi mdi xuat gia Ciing cd mdt trudng hgp tac gid Chinh Dai dua vdo ndi dung d phdn tdng chu cfia ngdi Hodng Tan Cy thl, d NGUYiN BlNH HUNG Nau com bo cfii v i ^ nay, Hdi rau chd de hgi ray kien sau chuong 20, phdn tdng chd cd edu: "Phdt h5 kinh vdn: Ti khidu tai tu, thdn khau tinh tidn, ehu Phgt ham uu Ti khidu tai son, tdc sy an ngga, ehu Phdt giai hi" Cdu ndy da dugc dieh "Phat rdng Tdng eu non eao Ndm ydn vd sy tieu dao ta mimg." 2.2.4 Gpt giUa tdrchirang Trong qud trinh bien tap, tac gid Chinh Dgi ciing gia cdng ggt giiia ve tu ehuong eho bdn B Trong ban A, mdt sd chd td bi ldp lai nhiiu ldn Tdi ban B, nhihig tu lgp dugc thay the eho mach vdn linh boat hon Vi dy: Stt Ban A Giudng thdy chdng dugc ndm chung Giudng thdy chang dugc nam chung Ao thdy chang dugc mdc ciing udm choi Chdng dugc tham viing ngudi lang Ao xi6m chang dugc Idi ddng udm choi Chdng dirge re tham ngudi lang Chdng dugc vao chon hg hang quen Cfing la vao chdn hg hang quen nay, hai ehG "ddo ly" dugc dung de chi vi^c bang huu tang qua thfi ddp CJ mdt sd chd, Chinh Dgi edn sG dyng chG nghia Gong kinh didn Nho gia bdn dich Trudng hgp edu "Bdt dac hy tga su toa, edp ngga su sang, trude su y mgo dang" duge bdn A dich Id "Ao thay ehdng dugc mge efing udm chai" Tdi bdn B, tu "mge cfing" dd dugc thay the bdng tu "ldi ddng" Ddy la td xudt ngudn td thien Khiic li thugng Gong Le ky eo nghia ehi hanh dgng a dua theo ngudi khac CJ mOt trudng hgp khdc, edu "Bdt ddc bi thd tong le" d bdn B da duge dich thdnh "Bay Gd dao ly bdo ddu" Hai ehu "ddo ly" ed gde d tho iTc - Dgi nkd Gong Kinh Tki "Ddu ngd dl dao Bao ehi dT l^" (Nem tgng ta qud dao Thi ta bao lai bdng qud man) Sau 76 BanB K i t lu^n Trong bai vidt nay, chiing tdi da phdn tich khdi qudt each phien dieh Han Ndm cfia hai bdn dich thidn Uy nghi tho lyc bat Tu kdt qua phan tich efia muih, chung tdi rfit mdt sd kdt luan sau: Xuat phat td mue dieh phd c^p lu^t nghi cho ngudi mdi xuat gia d Vidt Nam, Gong boi cdnh gidi ludt cd phan suy ddi d thd ky XVIII, Hda thugng Nhu Thj da phien dieh chQ Ndm thidn Uy nghi bdng the tho lye bdt de hhd dd hge Hinh thdc tha luc bdt vd ngi dung duge gidn luge eua ban dich phfi hgp eho tu sT Viet Nam dgc tyng vd hge thugc long  ... Ban goc chG Han vd cac ban dich Ndm thien Uy nghi Sa Di ludt nghi yiu luge ldng chii vy ^ # ' i ^ « ^ J t ? ± la mdt bO sach ehu Han vl gjdi luat vd uy nghi eho ngudi xudt gia theo traydn thdng... tai cdng khai Gen intemet^ Bdn gdc dugc hoan thdnh ndm Tu Due thu 34 (1884), van luu d chfia Da Bao (Phfi Xuydn, Hd Ndi) Sdeh cd 194 trang, ngi dung gdm ca hai thien Gi&i lugt vd Uy nghi moi thien,... tam ggi ban Uy nghi qudc nga cfia Hoa tiiugng Nhu Thi giai am la ban A, bdn 5a Di uy ngki qudc ngit efia Chinh Dai ttfing dinh Id ban B Trong qud ttinh nghidn euu, ehung tdi da lay nguydn van chG