Đảm bảo an toàn cho phụ nữ và trẻ em nhìn từ nỗ lực của hội liên hiệp phụ nữ việt nam

NghiSn ci5u Gia dinh va Gi6i So 2019 Dam bao an toan cho phu niif va tre em nhin tir nhiirng na luc cua Hgi Lien hiep Phu niir Viet Nam Bui Thi Hoa* Tom tat: Tren ca s6 tdng hop s6 Heu, bao cao hoat d6ng ciia Hgi Lien hiep phu nft Viet Nam khoang 10 nam gSn day, bai viSt gicri thieu t6ng quan cac hoat dpng cua Hgi thuc hien chirc nang, nhiem vu cua td chirc, gop phan dam bao an toan cho phu nir va tre em tir cac goc the che, ca nhan, gia dinh va cong dong bao gom viec tham muu de xuat, tham gia xay dung, giam sat, phan bien xa hoi luat phap, chinh sach; tuyen truyen, van dpng, h§ tra phu nQ img v6i cac vdn d^ xa hoi CO Uen quan; phat hien, tiep nhan, tham gia giai quy^t va len ti^ng bao ve phu nu, tre em bj xam hai, bao luc; va xay dung cac mo hinh can thi^p Dong th6i, xac djnh cac van de d$t ra, tir dua mot so dh xuat giai phap thyc hien Tir kh6a: Phu nu; Tre em; An toan cho phu nQ va tre em; Hpi Lien hiep Phy nfl Vi?t Nam; De xudt chinh sach Ngay nhan bai: 2/5/2019; chinh siia: 17/5/2019; ng^y ^uyet dang: 3/6/2019 * TS., Hpi Lien hi?p Phu nu Viet Nam BuiThiH6a 13 Mo* 6hu Quyen cua phu nCr va quyen tre em, hay noi each khac la quy6n nguai duac quy djnh nhi6u van ban phap ly qu6c tS, Hien phap va phap luat Viet Nam Bao ve quyen cua phu nQ, cua tre em dugc coi la muc tieu trgng tam phong trao dSu tranh giai phong phu niJ, dac biet tir sau Tuyen bo Nhan quyen Quoc te nam 1948 co nhan manh "Cac ba me va tre em co quyen dugc hucmg sir cham s6c va giiip da dac biet" (Khoan DiSu 25) (Lien hgp quoc, 1948) Dam bao quyen va sir an toan cho phu ni^ va tre em dugc the hien nhdt quan cac quan diem, chu truong, djnh huong cua Dang thong qua cac Chi thi, Nghi quyet, Ke hoach phat trien - kinh xi xa hgi cua dat nuac Nghj quyet Dai hgi Dang toan quoc Ian thii XII da xac djnh nhiem vu tam giai doan 2016-2020, khang dinh "rang cuang quan ly phat trien xa hoi, bao dam an ninh xa hoi, an ninh nguai"" la mgt nhihig nhiem vu phai tap trung chi dao thuc hien Chi thi 21-CTA'W 20/1/2018 cua Ban Bi thu TW Dang ve tiep tuc day manh cong tac phu nii tinh hinh mai de nhiem vu thuc hien dong bg cac giai phap bao vS, cham soc siic khoe phu nir, quan tam van de dinh duang cho ba me va tre em, kien quyet dau tranh phong, chong cac te nan xa hgi, xir ly nghiem cac hanh vi bao luc, mua ban, xam hai phu nir va tre em gai Cac muc tieu phat trien ben vijng cua Lien hgp quoc va Viet Nam vai cac gia tri cot loi huong tai sir cong bang, binh dang va an toan cho nguai, phu nif va tre em la nhimg doi tirgng dugc quan tam dac biet, the hien ro nhat Muc tieu va Muc tieu 11 Binh dang giai va dam bao khong gian an toan se tang trao quy^n cho phu nu thong qua thuc day phu nir tilp can cac ngu6n lire va ca hgi, giup thu hep khoang each giai, xay dung ban sic van hoa, cgng dong, tao dieu kien phat trien kinh te xa hgi Mgt khong gian thieu an toan se han che kha nang tham gia hgc tap, lao dgng ciia phu nQ va tre em, han chi su ti^p can ciia phu nQ va tre em voi cac dich vu ca ban ciing nhu tham gia cac hoat dong vui chai, giai tn' Khi khong gian song ciia nguoi noi chung, phu nij va tre em noi rieng^, khong dugc an toan se tao nhung tac dgng tieu cue den su phat trien ve the chat, tinh than va la ySu t6 ti6m an anh huong den an ninh, an toan va sir phat tri6n b8n vilng cua toan xa hgi Do vay, dugc song^ trong_ khong gian an toan vira la nhu c^u ca ban, thilt thuc, vua la nhu cau chien lucre cho su phat triln toan dien ciia phu nu va tre em Tuy nhien, tai mgi qu6c gia tren the giai hien da va dang dat nhieu van de anh huong den sir an toan va phat trien ciia phu nir va tre em hang ngay, hang gia, a mgi noi, tham chi chinh tai ngoi nha ciia minh Hgi Lien hiep phu nir Viet Nam (Hgi) la mgt to chuc chinh tri-xa hgi, vcri chiic nang dai dien, bao ve quyen va Igi ich hgp phap, chinh dang cua cac tSng lop phu nil, tre em gai, thuc hien muc tieu binh dang giai Nghi 14 Nghiln cfru Gia dinh vk Gib-i Quy4n 29, s6 3, tr 12-23 quyet Dai hgi dai bieu Phu niJ toan quoc liin thu XII (nhiem ky 2017-2022) xac dinh "Lay phu nu la trung tam de xdc dinh noi dung va phuong '"f^ hoat dong, uu tien cac hoat dong thiet thuc, phit hgp vai nhu cau, np^y^^ vgng, tac dong Ion din dai song cua phu nir" (Hgi LHPN Viet Nam, 2017d) Khoan Dieu 91 Luat tre em quy djnh trach nhiem ciia Trung LTcmg Hgi lien hiep phu nir Viet Nam " co trach nhiem phoi hgp v*^''" chirc dai dien tieng noi, nguyen vong ciia tre em thuc hien giam sat viec bao dam quyen, Igi ich cua tre em" Do vay, dam bao an toan cho phu nir va tre em la mgt ngi dung guan trgng xuyen suot qua trinh thirc hien chirc nang, nhiem vu ciia to chiic Hgi Va nam 2019, Hgi xac dinh chu de hoat dgng ciia nam la "An toan cho phu nir va tre em" Voi each tiep can dira tren quyen va tren co so tong hop so lieu, bao cao hoat dgng ciia Hgi nhimg nam gan day, bai viet gioi thieu tong quan cac boat dgng ciia Hgi gop phan dam bao an toan cho phu nil va tre em tir cac goc the che, ca nhan, gia dinh va cgng dong; cac van de dat qua trinh trien khai cac boat dgng, tir do, dua mgt so de xuat giai phap thuc hien hieu qua ban niJa chuc nang, nhiem vu ciia to chuc, gop phan dam bao an toan cho phu nir va tre em Hoat dpng dam bao an toan cho phu nCr va tre em 2.1 Dam bao an toan cho phu nir va tre em tu' goc the che thong qua nhiem vu tham miru de xuat, tham gia xay dung, giam sat, phan bien xa hoi luat phap, chinh sach Day la mang nhiem vu the hien ro nhat chiic nang dai dien, bao ve quyen va Igi ich hgp phap, chinh dang ciia phu nii, tre em ciia to chiic Hoi la mgt nhimg nhiem vu trgng tam qua nhieu nhiem ky, den nhiem ky 2017-2022 dugc xac dinh la khau dot pha "Nang cao hieu qua thuc chdt cong tac giam sat, phan bien xa hoi, tham muu de xudt chinh sach gop phdn giai quyet cac vdn de thiet than ciia phu nii'\ Phap luat v^ binh dSng giai CO quy dinh dam bao sir tham gia ciia Hgi Ban soan thao T6 bien tap hoac To soan thao doi vcri cac du thao van ban quy pham phap luat dugc xac djnh co van de giai (Nghi dinh 70/2008/ND-CP ciia Chinh phOTh6ng tu 17/2014/TT-BTP ciia Bg Tu phap) D6ng thai, Hgi c6 dai dien dugc tham gia cac hgi nghj, cugc hgp quan trgng cua Dang, Qu^(, f^^ Chinh phii, Uy ban nhan dan va Hgi dong nhan dan cac cap, dugc tham eia ban bac, thao luan cac van de thugc cac ITnh vuc ciia doi s6ng xa hoi S tham gia vao cac diln dan quan trgng chinh la ca hgi, la qua trinh dg Ho' chuyen tai, dS xu§t mong mu6n, nguyen vgng, cac vdn d6 ciia phu nir vao chinh sach, phap luat thong qua da xudt cac quy dinh phap luat, cac chinh sach thiet thuc, phu hgp gop phSn dam bao an toan cho phu nii, tre em BuiThjHoa 15 De xudt chinh sach cho phu nQ luon gin lien vai ket qua thuc hien nhiem vu giam sat, phan bien xa hgi va ngugc lai, dac biet huong toi cac nhom phu nij dac thu, ydu the dugc Hgi quan tam, chii trgng Trong nhiem ky 20122017, cac cdp Hgi da dh xudt cong 119 chinh sach (Hgi LHPN Viet Nam, 2017d), co mgt s6 chinh sach quan trgng, mang lai Igi ich thiet than cho phu nii nhu: tang thai gian nghi thai san cho lao dgng nir tij 04 thang len 06 thang (Bg Luat lao dgng 2012); giam s6 nam dong bao hiem ciia can bg nu chuyen^ trach cdp co so tir 20 nam xuong 15 nam (Luat Bao higm xa hgi 2014); H6 trg phu nif thugc hg ngheo la nguai dan tgc thi6u s6 sinh diing chinh sach (Nghi djnh 39/ND-CP/20I5) Mgt so de an dang dugc trien khai thuc hien theo co che Chinh phu dat hang da the che hoa cac quy djnh phap luat lien quan dSn dam bao an toan cho phu niJ, tre em, nhu: De an 938 "Tuyen truyen, giao due, van dgng, hS trg phu nir tham gia giai quyet mgt so vdn d6 xa hgi lien quan din phu nir giai doan 20172027"; De an "Phat huy gia tri tot dep cac moi quan he gia dinh va h6 trg xay dung gia dinh hanh phiic, ben vung den nam 2020" Phan bien xa hgi doi vai chinh sach, phap luat lien quan den phu nCr, tre em dugc cap Hgi thuc hien thong qua nhieu hinh thuc khac Trong 10 nam qua, da co 63 luat, 03 phap lenh va 03 Nghj quyet dugc thong qua co tiep thu y kien phan bien xa hgi cua Hgi De co dugc ket qua do, rieng giai doan 2014-2018, 21.832 hgi nghi da dugc cdp Hgi t6 chiic; 37.970 van ban gop y ciia Hgi da dugc giri den cac co quan chuc nang; 21.742 cugc doi thoai true tiep ciia can bg, hgi vien, phu nir voi cac co quan lien quan da dugc to chiic de de xuat ngi dung cu the vao cac dir thao van ban quan trgng ciia dia phuong, dat nuac (Tong ket bao cao nam thuc hien QD 217, QD 218 ciia Bg Chinh tri) Cong tac giam sat dugc Hgi thuc hien manh me hem, hieu qua hem tir CO Quyet djnh 217-QD/TW, kip thai phat hien nhiing sai sot, ton tai, han che thuc hien chii truang, chinh sach, phap luat lien quan den an toan cua phu nii, tre em, nhu: binh dang giai, phong chong bao luc gia dinh, phong chong mua ban nguai, luat tre em, an toan ve sinh thuc pham, lao dgng nii, thai san, nha tre mau giao, lao dgng Viet Nam di lam viec a nuac ngoai, bao hiem xa hgi, bao hiem y te, chinh sach nguoi co cong Trong 10 nam (2007- 2017), cac cap Hgi da chu tri, phoi hgp vai cac nganh thuc hien 18.917 doan giam sat (Bao cao 03/BC-DCT-CSLP 26/12/2017), chii tri 9.767 doan (52%), ph6i hgp 9.150 doan (48%) Thong qua giam sat da phat hien 14.550 vu viec vi pham quyen, Igi ich hgp phap cua phu ntr, tre em, 11.485 vu da dugc cap Hgi kien nghi giai quyet Ket qua giam sat dugc sir dung de phan bien xa hgi va tiep tuc tham muu xay dung, hoan thien chinh sach, dong thai, kien nghi giai quyet va len tilng bao ve phu nir, tre em bi vi pham quyen 16 Nghien cii-u Gia dinh vS Gi6l Quy4n 29, s6 3, tr 12-23 Nhu vay, thong qua qua trinh thuc hien chirc nang, nhiem vu ciia H9,'' cac ho^t dgng dugc cac cap Hgi triln khai da tham gia hoan thien the che, g6p phan bao dam an toan, an sinh xa hgi cho phu nii va tre em bang ^^ quy djnh phap luat, cac chinh sach phCi hgp va viec thuc thi hieu qu^ ca chinh sach 2.2 Dam bao an toan thong qua hoat dgng tuyen truyen, van ^ongi ho trg nang cao nang luc, ky nang ciia phu nu u-ng va giai quyet cac van de xa hgi lien quan den phu nir Tuyen truyen, van dgng, ho trg la each thiic to chiic Hgi thuc hien cham lo, bao ve clfio hgi vien, phu nir Muc tieu chinh la giup phu nir co kien thiic, CO kha nang, nang luc irng va giai quyet cac van de xa hgi c6 hen quan, gop phdn dam bao an toan cho phu ntr va cho em ciia hg Cong tac tuyen truyen, van dgng va ho trg phu nir dugc to chiic trien khai bang nhieu hinh thirc khac nhau, phu hgp voi timg nhom phu nCr, timg dia ban, khu vuc thong qua phong trao thi dua, cac cugc van dgng, cac chuang trinh, dl an, du an Vi du nhu cugc van dgng "Xay dyng gia dinh khong sach" (trong khong la khong doi ngheo, khong vi pham phap luat va te nan xa hgi, khong co bao luc gia dinh, khong vi pham chinh sach dan so, khong CO tre suy dinh duong va bo hgc; sach la sach nha, sach bep, sach ngo) dugc trien khai mgt each dong bg, toan dien, co sire Ian toa rgng khSp, dugc cac cap chinh quy6n dia phuang cong nhan, mang lai Igi ich thiet thuc cho ban than phu nCr, gia dinh va cgng dong va la hanh dgng de cap Hgi tham gia xay dung nong thon mai Den het nam 2016, da co tren 13 trieu hg gia dinh hgi vien, phu nir dugc tuyen truyen, van dgng, hucmg dSn trien khai thuc hien Cac tieu chi ciia Cugc van dgng deu huang toi giup phu nii^dugc an toan va cam thay dugc an toan ban gia dinh va cgng dong minh dang song Chang ban, thuc hien tieu chi "Gia dinh khong bao luc", cac cap Hgi tap trung tuyen truy£n, hucmg d§n kien thirc, ky nang t6 chiic cugc song gia dinh; thuc hien tu van hoac ket noi tu vdn phap luat cho phu ntr va nguai dan ve phong, chong bao luc gia dinh; ddy manh xa"v dung va phat trien cac mo hinh phong, chong bao luc gia dinh nhkm h6 tro va bao ve su an toan cho phu nu, tre em Cugc van dgng "Ren luyen phdm chdt dao dire: tu tin, tu trgng, trune hau, dam dang" dugc trien khai sau rgng cac tdng I6p phy '^^ ^ J nhieu hoat dgng nang cao kien thirc, ky nang toan dien cho phu nir cop phdn djnh huong gia tri dao dire moi xay dung nguai phu nii \/\tt Nam phat trien toan dien Muc tieu ciia Hgi thong qua cugc van dgng |^ ^• luyen tinh tu tin, su chii dgng ciia phu nu tham gia vao cac ITnh vuc ph^-"! triSn kinh ta - xa hgi va hoat dgng cgng dong " ^ ^ Ben canh do, cac chuang trinh, de an, du an cdp Hgi_ thuc hien d't nhieu ngi dung boat dgng nhSm tuyen truyen, van dgng, hd trg nang cao nang luc, ky nang cua phu nir img va giai quyet cac vdn dk xl B u i T h i Hda 17 hgi Giai doan 2012-2017, tren 88% hgi vien, phu nir dugc tuyen truyen, bien ve chii truong, duang I6i ciia Dang, chinh sach phap luat ciia Nha nuac Vi du, thirc hien De an 938 "Tuyen truyen, giao due, ho trg, van dgng phu nii tham gia giai quyet mgt so vdn de xa hgi lien quan dSn phu nQ-", nam 2018, co tren 4,5 trieu lugt phu nii' da dugc tham gia cac boat dgng truyen thong ve an toan thuc pham, v.v Hoac De an 404 "H6 trg phat trien nhom tre doc lap tu thuc a khu cong nghiep, khu che xudt" nam, da to chiic 560 cugc truyen thong nang cao nhan thirc cho 153.876 ba me, nguai cham soc tre 0-36 thang tuoi tai dia ban khu cong nghiep Ngoai ra, Hgi thuc hi§n nhieu hoat dgng tuyen truyen, van dgng khac, nhu: xay dung phim co long tieng dan tgc tuyen truyen phong chong tao hon, hon nhan can huyet; to chirc diln dan "Ciing xay to am vi sir an toan va phat trien ciia tre em", trien lam ve phong ch6ng bao luc gia dinh "Phia sau canh cira" 2.3 Dam bao an toan thong qua cong tac phat hien, tiep nhan, tham gia giai quyet va len tieng bao ve phu n(r, tre em bi xam hai, bao lire Hgi LHPN Viet Nam co cac quyen dugc luat dinh nham bao ve phu nir, tre em mgt so ITnh vuc cua dai song xa hgi, do, ro nhat la ITnh vuc phong chong bao luc gia dinh va hon nhan gia dinh He thon^ to chirc Hgi rgng khap den tan thon/ban/lang la dieu kien thuan Igi va la diem manh de cac cdp Hgi thuc hien hieu qua chiic nang bag ve phu nir tir cap ca so Cac vy viec xam hai, bao luc phu nii, tre em dang co xu hucmg tang nhiing nam gan day vai tinh chat cang nghiem trgng, nhat la cac vu xam hai tinh due tre em gai Do do, viec nam tinh hinh, phat hien som cac vu viec la rdt quan trgng nhSm bao ve tot nhat su an toan ciia phu nif va tre em, tai khong gian gia dinh, cgng dong Chinh vi vay, tham gia giai quyet va len tieng bao ve phu nir, tre em hi xam hai, bao lire luon dugc dat trgng tam qua trinh thuc hien nhiem vu ciia t6 chirc Hgi Ngay tir nhiem ky XI, Ban Chap hanh TW Hgi da ban hanh Nghi quyet s6 09/NQBCH ve mgt s6 van de xa hgi lien quan den phu nir va tre em gai tinh hinh moi, do, xac dinh nhiSu nhiem vu va giai phap quan trgng nham h6 trg, bao ve, tham gia giai quyet cac vu viec dam bao quyen ciia phu nir Dai hgi dai bieu phu nii toan quoc Ian thii XII, nhiem ky 2017-2022 xac djnh nhiem vu "Cac cdp Hgi chu dgng ndm thong tin ve tinh hinh va cac vdn de ciia phu nir, kip thai len tieng bao ve vd tham gia giai quyet cac truang hgp phu nUbi xam hgi quyin vd lai ich hgp phap " Be an "Tuyen truyen, giao due, van dgng, h6 trg phu nii tham gia giai quyet mgt so van de xa hgi lien quan den phu nu giai do^n 2017-2027" cung dat mgt cac muc tieu la "Hdng nam khong di xay tinh trgng cac vu viec xam hgi, bao luc nghiem trgng doi vai phu nu vd tre em ma Hoi khong len tieng kip thar 18 Nghien cu-u Gia dinh va Gid-i Quyin 29, s6 3, tr 12-23 Phat hien, tiep nhan vu viec dugc Hgi thuc hien thong qua doi ngiJ i^^" bg Hgi co sova don thu giri den cac cdp Hgi Giai doan 2012-2017^ cac cap Hgi da tiep nhan va xii ly 69.364 dan thu co ngi dung lien quan den xam hai tinh due phu nii va tre em, bao luc gia dinh, chia tai san ly^hon^ ddt dai; che chinh sach, thi hanh an Rieng nam 2018, cac cdp HP'^'^^ tiep nhan va xii ly 5.011 don thu co ngi dung chii yeu lien quan den xaiTi hai tinh due, bao luc gia dinh, chia tai san \y hon, ddt dai Cap TW Hgi da tiep nhan va xu ly 374 don thu phan anh ve hinh su, dan su, hon nhan gia dinh, dat dai, thi hanh an dan su, do, da giii 150 van ban kien nghi den cac ca quan chirc nang giai quyet theo tham quyen Trong mgt so vu an ly hon, phan chia tai san sau ly hon, cap duong nuoi con, Hgi voi lu each la to chirc dai dien da dimg don kien nghj cac co quan to tung ve noi dung ciia cac ban an, quy trinh to tung, kien nghj cac bien phap bao ve phu nu" va tre em kjp thai, dung quy dinh ciia phap luat gop phan bao ve quyen va Igi ich hgp phap, chinh dang ciia phu nir Hinh thirc cac cap Hgi tham gia giai quyet va len tieng bao ve phu nii, tre em dugc sii dung linh hoat tren co so tuan thii quy dinh phap luat va theo timg truong hgp cu the, do, dang ke la the hien quan diem, chinh kien ve vu viec tren phuang tien truyen thong dai chung; kien nghi bang van ban den co quan c6 tham quyen giai quyet vu viec tiep nhan vu viec hoac vu viec dugc xii ly chua thoa dang; thong qua giam sat cac vu viec dien hinh phu ntr, tre em bi xam hai, bao luc hoac cac vi pham quyen Wiac Dang luu y, Hgi dac biet quan tam den ca che, each thirc thuc hien nham dam bao hieu qua nhiem vu bao ve phu nir Trong he thong Hgi, Doan Chii tich TW Hgi da ban hanh Quy dinh va huong dSn cac cdp Hgi quy trinh tham gia giai quyet va len tieng bao ve quyen va Igi ich hgp phap ciia phu ntr va tre em gai, do, huong d§n cu the vai tro, trach nhiem cua tirng cdp Hgi, yeu cau cac cdp Hgi chii dgng ndm tinh hinh cac vu viec len tieng, tham gia giai quyet cac vu bao hanh, xam hai phu nu, tre em Tai CO quan tham muu cap trung uong, da lap To cong tac tham muu giii quyet cac vu viec, diem nong lien quan den phu nii, tre em gai va t6 chiic Hgi nham tham muu xir ly nhanh cac vu viec dugc tiep nhan, bao cao Ben canh do, tang cuang tham vdn chuyen gia cac ITnh vuc c6 lien quan de giai quyet thong qua viec lap To Tu van phap luat va tam ly ho tro Hgi g6m 16 vien la cac chuyen gia va dai dien cac ca quan chir' nang; va thong qua Nhom chuyen gia gioi Voi ca chd thgc hien vira phat huy ngi luc, vira tham van chuyen gia, vira phat huy su phoi hgp vai cac quan chirc nang da giup viec len tieng va tham gia giai quyet cac vu vigc xam hai, bao luc d6i voi phu nu-, tre em co ket qua cu the hon, bao ve t6t ban cho phu nir Rieng nam 2018, TW Hgi sir dung co che da kip th^j len tieng, tham gia giai quyet 19 vu viec gay birc xiic du luan Ben canh do, cac chuang trinh ph6i hgp, hgp tac voi cac ca quan, b6 nganh, doan the nhdm phat huy the manh, thuc hien hieu qua hon chirc BuiThjHoa 19 nan^ nhiem vu ciia to chirc Hgi cung dugc tang cuang, tir bao ve tot ban quyen ciia phu nii Rieng nam 2018 dBn thang 5/2019, Hgi da ky ket 03 Chuong trinh ph6i hgp voi cac nganh Tu phap, Cong an, Toa an, Vien kiem sat, Hgi Luat gia cong tac bao ve, h6 tra phu ntr va tre em gai giai doan 2018-2022 2.4 Dam bao an toan thong qua hoat dgng xay du-ng, tri va phat trien cac mo hinh can thiep hieu qua tai cgng dong Xay dyng, tri ya phat trien cac mo hinh tai cgng ddng la each lam truyen thong va la the manh ciia t6 chiic Hgi Cac mo hinh vai loai hinh, quy mo, ngi dung, tinh chat boat dgng khac theo timg giai doan, timg yeu cau ho trg, bao ve va cac van de xa hgi dat da gop phan giiip phu nu- nang cao nhan thirc, ho trg va bao ve an toan cho phu nQ- va tre em o nhieu quy mo tir cgng dong den cap quoc gia, nhu cac mo hinh phong chong bao luc gia dinh, mua ban phu nir, tre em; van dgng phu nir tham gia boat dgng xa hgi Den nay, hang ngan mo hinh da dugc cap Hgi lap, da ho trg, phat huy ngi luc, khai day tiem nang, the manh ciia phu nii gop phan phat trien kinh te xa hgi, nang cao vi the ciia phu nii', khang dinh viec thuc hien chirc nang bao ve quyen, Igi ich hgp phap, chinh dang ciia phu ntr ciia cac cap Hgi (Hgi Lien hiep phu ntr Viet Nam, 2017a) Cac mo hinh cua Hgi theo chia nhom theo mirc can thiep, gom: (i) Nhom mo hinh van dgng, cung cap kien thiic, ky nang cho phu ntr: Nhom Cha me, Cau lac bg (CLB) Lam me an toan, CLB Xay dung gia dinh hanh phuc, CLB Khi me vang nha ; (ii) Nhom mo hinh tu van, h6 trg: To vay von tiet kiem, To tu vdn tai cgng dong, CLB Phu nii tu luc (h6 trg phu nii khuyet tat), CLB phong chong bao luc gia dinh ; (iii) Nhom mo hinh can thiep, djch vu: Dia chi tin cay tai cgng dong, Ngoi nha binh yen, CLB dua don den truang, To phu ntr lam dich vu gia dinh Co the ke den mgt so mo hinh dien hinh ciia moi nhom nhir sau: Mo hinh Ngoi nha binh ;^en Trung tam Phu nir va Phat triSn thuc hien da tra mo hinh dien hinh h6 trg phu ntr va tre em bi mua ban va bi bao luc gia dinh phuc hoi va tai hoa nhap cgng dong tai Viet Nam Ke tir lap nam 2007 tinh d k /10/20I7, mo hinh da tu van cho 8.714 lugt nguoi; 1.066 phu nir, tre em bj bao luc gia dinh, bj xam hai tinh due, bi mua ban da dugc tilp nhan va h6 trg Nha binh yen ket noi voi Cue Canh sat di^u tra toi pham ve trat tu xa hgi va Trung tam bao trg xa hgi ciia cac tinh, phS de tiep nhan va h6 trg nan nhan thong qua co che chuyen tuyen Tai day, phu niJ va tre em gai dugc ho trg an, o, quan ao, kham chQ-a benh, tu van tam ly, dam bao an toan ve tinh mang, ho trg hgc nghe, hgc van hoa Nhieu truang hgp da dugc h6 trg von, cong cu de tai hoa nhap cgng dong Day la mo hinh dau tien ho trg toan dien cho phu nir la nan nhan bao luc, mua ban tra ve 20 Nghifen cCru Gia dinh vi Gi6l Quyin 29, s6 3, tr 12-23 Mo hinh Nhom Cha me vai muc dich giiip cha me nhan thirc dugc tarn quan trgng cua viec cham soc, bao ve va phat trien tre tho; huong dan cha m^ va gia dinh kien thiic va ky nang thuc hanh cham soc, bao ve va pn^ trien tre tha dua vao eac m6c phat triSn cua tre tir 0-8 tu6i Sau nam thgc hien, 35 tinh/thanh Hgi da lap dugc 259 nhom, thu hiit t6i_ 9.229 nguoi, trung binh mSi nhom co khoang 27 vien la bo/me/nguol cham soc tre tham gia Mo hinh To tu van cgng dong dugc trien khai ban dau tai Ho Chi Minh, hien da dugc nhan rgng tai 100% cac khu pho/ap dia ban tharm Thanh vien la nhung tri thiic cu trii tai dia ban tinh nguyen tham gia vi cgng dong Muc dich hoat dgng ciia To la tu van, cung cap thong tin, hudng dan va ho trg nguoi dan tai dia ban Mo hinh dugc danh gia da dap ling dugc nhu cau, tam tu, nguyen vgng ciia phu nii tai dia ban, kip thai phan anh tam tu, nguyen vgng ciia hgi vien phu ntf Mo hinh Dia chi tin cgy tai cgng dong (DCTC) phong, chong bao luc gia dinh Thuc hien quy dinh ciia Luat phong, chong bao luc gia dinh, cdp Hgi CO so da chii dgng tham muu xay dung mo hinh Dia chi tin cay tai cgng d6ng voi nhiing boat dgng cu the: tien hanh soat, lua chgn, van dgng cac ca nhan co uy tin cgng dong, nhiet tinh va co dieu kien tu nguyen dang ky tra DCTC a cgng dong, tham muu de UBND xa quyet djnh cong nhan DCTC, ban hanh quy che hoat dgng, thong bao rgng rai de mgi nguoi cgng dong biet va lien he can dugc tu van, trg giiip Den nay, da c6 gan 30.000 DCTC dugc Hgi Phu nil ca so tham muu lap Co the noi, thong qua trien khai cac mo hinh nay, Hgi da gop phdn xay dung cac gia dinh tra mai dm an toan cho phu ntr va tre em, xay dung cac cgng dong van minh ma a phu nir va tre em dugc song va phat trien moi truang an toan Cac van d5 dat qua trinh thyc hien Boi canh phat trien xa hgi hien dat nhieu vdn de, thach thirc cho Hgi viec thuc hien chiic nang dai dien, bao ve quyen va !gi ich hop phap, chinh dang ciia phu nti, dam bao an toan cho phu ntr, tre em Cu the lamot s6vande sau: Thii nhat, nhung bien doi ciia tinh hinh the giai va nude tiep tuc tac dgng da chieu, kho luong den phu nii va cong tac phy ntr Cuoc each mang cong^ nghiep Ian thii tu (Cach mang 4.0) tao nhieu thach thiic ve viec lam d6i v6i phu nii, nhdt la trojig cac nganh nghe co dong lao dgng niiBi'en d6i hau, thien tai, nhiSm moi truong anh hudng tieu cue dk.n cuoc s6ng, sinli ke cua ngudi dan; Xu hudng di cu lao dgng tang tiam 4n nhieu he luy tieu cue ve hon nhan, gia dinh; Tinh hinh toi pham li6n quan den phu nii-, tre em cang phixc tap, da dang, tinh vi, dac biet cong nghe phat trien thi cac hinh thirc toi pham lira dao, Igi dung su nhe da, c | Bui Thj Hoa 21 tin va thieu hieu biet cua phu nir cang phat tri^n; Nhiing tac dgng tieu cue ciia mang xa hgi gay kho khan cho giao due gia dinh va djnh hudng giao due nhan each, nhat la doi vdi tre em Thii hai, nhan thuc ve vai tro, vi tri cua phu nu xa hgi ban che dinh kien gidi vdn dang tdn tai, phan biet ddi xii vdi phu ntr, tre em gai vIn xay dudi nhieu hinh thiic; tinh trang bao luc, dac biet la bao luc gia dinh, xam hai tinh due phu ntr, tre em cang gia tang, nghiem trgng; ty le phu nir nao pha thai ngoai y muon, mang thai tudi vi nien cao; tinh trang tao hon; phu ntr bi mua ban, phu ntr idy chdng nude ngoai vi muc dich kinh te vIn dien biln phiic tap Thii ba, luat phap, chinh sach ve binh ddng gidi, ve phong chdng bao luc gia dinhmac du da dugc ban hanh kha day dii, nhung viec thuc hien thuc te khoang each Idn; phap luat ve phong chong bao luc tren CO sd gidi thieu; tinh hinh vi pham phap luat ddi vdi phu ntr, tre em diln kha bien, nang luc giam sat viec thuc hien luat phap, chinh sach, bao ve quyen, Igi ich hgp phap ciia phu nii theo chiic nang eiia to chuc Hgi eon han che; Viec phat hien cac truong hgp phu nir, tre em bi xam hai, bao lire va len tieng ho trg tham gia giai quyet ciia cac cdp Hgi doi cham, chua chii dgng, thieu su deo bam, quyet liet Va cuoi cimgj tri thiic ciia phu nu- cang cao, thong tin tir nhieu nguon, nhieu chieu nhu cau va mong muon ciia phu nCr doi vdi to chiic Hgi cang da dang dang la thach thiic Idn doi vdi cong tac tuyen truyen, giao due, van dgng, ho trg va bao ve phu nu- ciia cac cap Hgi D§ xuSt giai phap Trudc yeu cau ciia thoi ky cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nude eac cap Hgi can nghien ciru, tiep tuc thuc hien hieu qua cac giai phap sau: Boi v&i nhi^m vu tuyen truyen, van dgng, ho tra phii nir Xac djnh ngi dung tuyen truyen, van dgng, hd trg va hinh thirc thiet thuc, hieu cjua, phu hgp vdi timg nhom doi tugng, dja ban, tap trung th^c hien chii de "An toan cho phu nir va tre em" nam 2019 va nhiing nam tiep theo Xay dung cac san pham truyen thong true quan phii hgp nham nang cao hieu qua tuyen truyen Ddy manh cac boat dgng h5 trg phu ntr phat huy ngi luc, tu trang bi kien thirc, ky nang dam bao an toan cho ban than, gia dinh va cgng dong Tiep tuc tuyen truyen, nang cao nhan thirc cho cgng dong va ban than phu ntr ve vai tro, vj tri, tiem nang ciia phu nii mgi ITnh vuc ciia ddi song kinh te - xa hgi hi?n Phoi hgp vdi cac co quan truyen thong de tuyen truyen ve nhung tam gucmg phu nii tieu bieu, eac ca quan, to chuc cd each lam hay ho trg phu ntr tham gia hieu qua vao qua trinh xay dung kinh te - xa hgi ciia dat nude 22 Nghign ciru Gia dinh v i GiM Quy^n 29, s6 3, tr 12-23 Boi v&i nhi^m vu tham muu di xuat chinh sach; giam sal vd phdn bien xa hgi ^Tiep tuc nghien ciiu, tham muu dk xudt chinh sach; tham gia ddng gop y kien hoan thien luat phap, chinh sach cd lien quan den phu ntr, tre em, binh dang gidi nhu: de xuat sira ddi Luat Phong, chong bao luc §ia dinh; Luat Binh ddng gidi; Luat Hon nhan va gia dinh De xuat sCra doi mgt so quy dinh ve miic xir phat hanh vi xam hai, qudy rdi tinh due nh5m tang cudng tinh ran de, giao due cua phap luat Nang cao nang lire giam sat, phan bien xa hgi ciia dpi ngu can bg Hgi cae cap, nhat la cap ca sd, dam bao thuc hien hieu qua trach nhiem da dugc quy djnh van ban quy pham phap luat Ddng thoi, tang cudng nang lire nghien cuu cua Hgi ve cac van de xa hgi doi vdi phu ntr de cung cap co sd ly luan va th\rc tien cho cong tac phan bien va de xuat chinh sach Tang cudng giam sat vu viec, giam sat qua trinh giai quyet vu viec ciia CO quan chirc nang va giam sat viec thuc hien luat phap, chinh sach co Hen quan den phu nii nham bao ve tot han quyen va Igi ich hgp phap, chinh dang ciia phu nu" Thuchi^tt vifclen tieng, bao v^ quyen va Igi ich hop phap cua phu air Sau sat ca sd, nhay ben va nSm chac tinh hinh ddi song, tam tu nguyen vgng, nhu cau ciia cac tang lop phu ntr theo dac diem ciia timg viing, mien; lay Igi I'eh thiet than cua phu nir la muc tieu bao triim cho mgi hoat dgng Hgi Thuc hien dong thoi viec ho trg, cham lo, bao ve quyen va Igi ich ciia phu ntr vdi eoi trgng giao due chinh tri tu tuong, pham chat dao dire eiia phu nir; thu hiit, van dgng phu nii xay dung va thuc hien cac hoat dgng Hgi, tham gia giai quyet cae van de xa hgi ciia phu nii, tre em Day manh eac chirong trinh phoi hgp,_ nhat la ehucmg trinh phoi hop vdi cac CO quan to tyng de tang cudng len tieng bao ve phu nii va tre em; Tang cudng ket noi mang ludi chuyen gia, cgng tac vien ITnh virc phap luat, quyen ngudi va vdn de gidi de huy dgng tri tue, kinh nghiem dam bao viec len tieng c6 chat lucmg, hieu qua, kip thdi Xiiy dung vd nhan rgng cac md hinh can thiep Tiep tuc nghien ciru xay dung va nhan rgng cac mo hinh thu hut, tap hgp phii hgp vdi timg nhdm phu nir, dam bao phat huy tinh tu chii, tigm nang eiia nhom phu nii thugc nguon nhan luc chat lugng cao va h6 tra nhdm phy nCr yeu the, phu nii can sir trg giiip de phat trien toan dien Nghien cuu va phoi hgp trien khai nhan rgng mo hinh Thanh an toan than thi?n cho phu ni^ va tre em gai da va dang dugc thuc hien tai mgt sd tinh, pho; cac rnd hinh hudng tdi thay doi cac quan niem, dinh kidn ciia xa hgi phan biet doi xir ve gidi va tinh trang bao luc tren eo sd gidi Tang cudng hgp tac vdi cac to chirc quoc te va cac to chirc phi chinh phu de chia se thong tin, hoc tap kinh nghiem md hinh hay, hieu qua; chii dgng van dgng ho trg ngudn lire, ky thuat dh thuc hien cac mo hinh hieu Bui Thi Hda 23 qua Xay dung va thuc hien tot cac de an, du an nhdm thuc ddy su phat trien va tien bg ciia phu ntr, gop phan thuc hien muc tieu khong de phu nCr nao bj bd lai phia sau.B Tai tifu trich dan Dang Cong san Viet Nam 2016 "Nghi quylt Dai hoi dai bilu toan qu6c idn thii XII" Ngay 28/1/2016 Dang Cgng san Viet Nam 2018 "Chi thi cua Ban bi thu \h tiSp tuc day manh cong tac phu nii tinh hinh mdi" S6 21-CT/TW, 20/1/2018 Hgi LHPN Vi§t Nam (Hgi LHPN Viet Nam) 2017a "Sire s6ng tir nhung mo hinh moi, each lam hay" Nxb, Phu nii Hgi LHPN Vi?t Nam 2017b "Bao cao Tong kit 10 nam thi hanh Luat Binh ding gidi" So 03/BC-DCT-CSLP 26/12/2017 Hgi LHPN Viet Nam 2017c "Bao cao viec chdp hanh quy djnh phap luat vh phong, chdng xam hai tinh due tre em cua H6i LHPN Viet Nam tii nam 2014 dSn 2/2017 Hgi LHPN Vi?t Nam, 2017d "Van kien dai hgi dai bilu phu nQ loan qu6c idn thii XII" Nxb Phu nu Hpi LHPN Viet Nam 2018a "Bao cao tinh hinh trien khai va di xudt giai phap thuc hien hieu qua viec bao ve quyen va Igi ich hgp phap cua phy niJ" So 196/BC-DCT-CSLP 21 /8/2018 Hpi LHPN Vi?t Nam 2018b "Bao cao tong ket 05 nam thuc hien Quylt dinh s6 217-QD-TW va QuySt dinh s6 218-QD/TW 12/12/2013 ciia Bg Chinh tri (Khoa XI) 2014-2018)" S6 258/BC-DCT 4/1/2018 Hpi LHPN Viet Nam 2018c "Bao cao tong ket 10 nam thi hanh Luat phong, chdng bao luc gia dinh" S6 211/BC-DCT 4/10/2018 Hpi LHPN Viet Nam 2019a "Bao cao cac hoat dpng nang cao hieu quA cong tac phong, chong toi phgm xam h^i tinh dye tre em" So 303/BC-DCT-CSLP 12/4/2019 Hpi LHPN Viet Nam 2019b "Bao cao kk qua thyc hi^n De an Tuyen truyln, giao dye, van dgng, ho trg phu nu tham gia giai quyet mot so van dd xa hpi lien quan den phy niJ giai doan 2017-2027 nam 2018" Hpi LHPN Viet Nam 2019c "Bao cao mgt so ket qua boat dgng phoi hgp trotig cong tac bao ve phu ntt, tre em giita Hgi LHPN Viet Nam vdi cac co quan tien hanh to tyng tir nam 2017 dSn nay" So 285/BC-DCT-CSLP 26/2/2019 Hpi LHPN Vi?t Nam 2019d "Thong tin Phy nir va Binh ddng gidi" Nxb Lao dpng Lien hgp qu6c 1948 "Tuyen ngon The gidi ve Nhan quyen" Qu6c hpi khoa XI "Luat binh ddng gidi" Luat s6 73/2006/QHl I, 29/6/2006 Qu6c hgi khoa XII "Luat Phong, chong bao lyc gia dinh" Luat s6 02/2007/QH12, 21/11/2007 Quoc hoi khoa XIII "Luat Hon nhan va gia dinh" Luat so 52/2014/QH13, 19/6/2014 Qu6c hpi khoa XIU "Luat tre em" Lugt s5 102/2016/QHI3, 05 thang nam 2016  ... hieu qua ban niJa chuc nang, nhiem vu ciia to chuc, gop phan dam bao an toan cho phu nir va tre em Hoat dpng dam bao an toan cho phu nCr va tre em 2.1 Dam bao an toan cho phu nir va tre em tu' goc... hgi Dang toan quoc Ian thii XII da xac djnh nhiem vu tam giai doan 2016-2020, khang dinh "rang cuang quan ly phat trien xa hoi, bao dam an ninh xa hoi, an ninh nguai"" la mgt nhihig nhiem vu... tai, han che thuc hien chii truang, chinh sach, phap luat lien quan den an toan cua phu nii, tre em, nhu: binh dang giai, phong chong bao luc gia dinh, phong chong mua ban nguai, luat tre em, an