Thói quen sử dụng tiết kiệm điện của dân cư đô thị hà nội trường hợp phường dịch vọng hậu, quận cầu giấy, và phường phú lương, quận hà đông

THOI QUEN Str DUNG TIET KIEM DIEN CUA DAN ClT DO THI HA NOI: TRlTOfNG HOP PHU'ONG DICH VONG HAU QUAN CAU GIAY VA PHU6fNG PHU LTTONG QUAN H A D N G Le Thi Thu Hien Tdm tdt: Bdi viit tim hiiu thdi quen vd cdc yeu td dnh hu&ng din thdi quen sir dung tiet kiem diin cua ddn cu thi Hd Ndi thdng qua nghien cuu thuc dia tgi phu&ng Dich Vong Hgu qudn Cdu Giay vd Phii Luang qudn Hd Ddng Kit qud nghiin ciru cho thdy cdc yeu td dnh huang din thdi quen su dung tiit Mem dien cita ngu&i ddn dd thi Hd Ndi bao gdm • tudi, nhgn thirc vi tiet kiem vd lgi ich cua tiit Idem diin, vd du dinh mua sdm thiit bi tiit kiem diin Kit qud nghiin ciru Id mgt nhirng cdn cu khoa hoc nhdm gai y chinh sdch huang thdi quen sir dung dien cua ngu&i ddn dit kiim hern vi muc tiiu phdt triin bin vimg Tir khda: Tiit kiem diin, tiit kiem ndng lugng; Hd Ngi M d dau Trong nhiing thap nien gan day, su biing nd ciia dan so va toe tang trudng kinh te cao lam cho cau ve nang lugng gia tang Thuc te d nude ta cho thay, den nam 2020 ngudn cung irng nhien lieu hda thach (than da, dau md) vii nang lugng tai tao (thiiy dien, dien gio, nang lugng mat trdi, ) dang ddn can kiet se khdng du dap iing nhu cau phat trien kinh t i - xa hgi Cac ngudn nang lugng radi (gid, mat Udi, dia nhiet, ) da va dang dugc nghien ciiu khai thac nhung khdng dn dinh, gia cdn cao M a c dii dugc uu tien phat Uien nhung Uong thdi gian tdi cac nguon nang lugng chi chiim mot ty trgng nhd tdng san lugng nang lugng quoc gia va tuong lai khong xa nude ta se chuyen tir nude xuat khau nang lugng sang nhap khdu nang lugng (Nguyin Hoang Hiin, 2015) Day la thach thiic Idn cho chinh saeh nang lugng cua Viet Nara Ngoai nhiem vy dap iing nhu cdu tren, viec cung iing nang lugng cdn doi hoi linh an toan, khong gay nhiera mdi trucmg, khdng anh budng d i n siic khoe ciing n h u chat lugng cudc song ciia ngudi dan Chinh vi vay de dap ting nhu can sii dung dien khong ngimg tang len ciia nen kinh te, dam bao an ninh nang lugng, can phai su dung tiet kiem va hieu qua Dk khuyin khich ngudi tieu dung sir dung tiit kiem dien, Nha nude da ban hanh nhieu van ban chinh sach de dinh hudng, dieu chinh banh vi sir dung dien Van ban chinh sach dau tien ve thuc hien tiit kiera dien dugc dua tir nhiing nam 1970 va sau lihieu Ian dieu chinh, bo sung thdng qua cac chi thi, quyet dinh, nghi dinh, den nam 2010 Luat Su dyng nang lugng tiet kiem va hieu qua dugc Qudc hgi ban hanh' Luat quy dinh ve chinh sach, bien phap thiic day sir dyng nang lugng tiet kiem va hieu qua; quyen, nghia vu, trach nhiera ciia to chirc, hg gia dinh, ca nhan Uong sii dung nang lugng tiet kiem va hieu qua Tiep theo dd Chinh phu ban hanh Nghi dmh 21 quy dinh chi tiit va bien phap thi hanh Luat neu tren^ va Thii tudng Chinh phu ban hilnh Chi thi 34 ve viec tang cudng tiet kiem dien^, yeu cau cac ca nhiin, td chiic thyc hien nghiem hie cac giai phap tiet kiem dien nang Cung vdi Chi thi 34, nhieu Bg, ban, ngimh va cac tinh ban hanh cac van ban chinh sach ve I Luats6 50/2010/QH12 17/6/2010 ^ Nghi dinh so 21/2011/ND-CP 29/3/201 ^ Chi thi 34/CT-TTg 07/8/ 2017 P H A T T R I E N B E N VU'NG V O N G Q U Y ^ N 9, SO (12/2019) NGHltN COU THUC NGHlEM - KINH NGHlEM thuc hien tiet kiem dien d don vi, dia phuang minh Gan day nhat, Thii tudng Chinh phii phe duyet Chuang trinh quoc gia ve sir dyng nang lugng tiet kiem va hieu qua giai doan 2019- 2030.^* Ha Ngi la thi Idn, noi tap trung dong dan cu vdi tdc phat tnen cang nhanh chong nen tieu tdn nhieu dien nang vdi tan suat cao Chinh vi vay, hanh vi tiet kiem dien the hien d thoi quen sir dyng tiet kiera dien cita dan cu thi Ha Ngi se co y nghTa Idn viec ban che nguon nang lugng lang phi cho xa hgi Vdi vat Ud la Thii cua ca nude, noi tap trung nhieu nhat ve thdng tin, cung lii noi lan tda thdng tin manh, co siic anh hudng Idn nhat tdi ca nude Ha Ndi thudng c6 dieu kien hon viec thi diem thyc hien eac van ban chinh sach mdi Phuomg phap nghien cihi Mdu nghien cuu De tira hieu thdi quen su dung dien ctia dan cu thi Ha Noi, nghien ciiu da rien hanh dieu tra khao sat 100 ngudi dan d dia ban phudng Dich Vgng Hau, quan Cau Giay va Phu Luang, quan Ha Ddng Dich Vgng Hau la phudng thugc mgt uong nhiing quan d trung tam not co mat dan sd eao; eon Phii Luong la phudng d vimg ven dugc chuyen ddi tir xa len Ha Tay sap nhap vdi Ha Ngi nen van cdn mang nhieu dac diem ciia vung nong thon.Hai phuimg dugc lua chgn co nhiing dac diera khac ve vj tri dia ly cung nhu dieu kien phat Uien Man phong van duge lua chon dua tren phuong phap chgn mau thuan tien Ngudi dugc hoi d tuoi tir 18 Ud len vdi ea eau mau khao sat cy the nhu sau' 50% d phuimg Dich Vgng Hau va 50% d phudng Phii Luang; 40% nara va 60% nu; 86% dang co vg/chong va 14% dgc than Vi Uidi, cd 20% hi 18-30, 31% hi 31-45, 31% tii 4560 va 18% tren 60 Ve trinh hgc vdn, co 25% het cap 2, 30% het cap 3, 10% Irung cap va 39% cao dang, dai hgc trd len * Quyet dinh so 280/OD-TTg 13/3/2019 Bang phdng van ngudi tieu dimg ngoai cac thong tin ve ngudi tra ldi cd cac phan chinh gdm: nhan thitc ciia ngudi tieu diing ve tiet kiem dien, thdi quen sir dyng dien, lua chgn thiet bi su dung dien va du dinh raua sam thiet bi tiet Idem dien Cac thiet bi sir dung dien dugc xem xet Uong nghien ciiu bao gdra cac nhdm thiet bi thong dung dot vdi cac gia dinh d Ha Ngi: thiet bi chieu sang, thiit bi lam ndng va thiet bi lam lanh Phuong phap nghien ciiu de tim hieu thoi quen sir dyng dien vii cac yeu td anh hudng den thoi quen sir dung dien bao gdm: kiem dinh thang thdng qua kiem dinh be sd Cronbach's alpha, kiem dinh nhan to kham pha EFA, kiem dinh Independent T-test va md hinh hoi quy da bien Kiem dinh vd ddnh gid thang Cac bien dua vao kiem dinh thang gom nhora bien: (i) bien ve nhan thirc, (ii) I bien ve du dinh raua sam, (iii) bien ve thdi quen va (iv) bien ve lua chgn thiet bi Cac bien quan sat Uong cac nhdra bien dugc ludng theo thang Likert diem vdi: la "rat khdng ddng y" den la "rat dong y" Cae budc kiem dinh gom: (i) Kiem dinh tinh dan chieu eiia thang do/phan tich nhan to kham pha EFA; (ii) Kiera dinh he so Cronbach's alpha va (iii) Kiem dinh EFA lan de tim ma uan dac trung ctia cac nhan td Dau tien, tac gia sii dung kiem dinh EFA de tim cac nhom nhan td lucmg cac van de khac ciia khai niem nghien cim va loai bd cac quan sat khong lutmg cimg khai niem Kiem dinh nhan to dugc ap dyng nham tdra tat cac bien quan sat viio mgt so nhan td nhat dinh de ludng cac khia canh kliac ciia khai niem nghien ciiu va tim hieu mdi quan he giiia cac bien vdi Phuang phap phan tich nhan td sit dung phep trich Principal component, phep quay Varimax theo cac nhom bien lucmg cac khai niem khac Tieu chuan de chap nhan cac quan sat luong tong phuang sai trich Idn hem hoac bang 50%, KMO Idn hon 0,5 va cac bien phai cd trgng si tir 0,4 tro len (Gerbing va Anderson, 1988) Ket qua kiem dinh EFA lan sau loai bo cac quan sat khdng phii hgp, cac quan sat cdn lai P H A T T R I E N B ^ N V O N G V O N G Q O Y E N 9, S (12/2019) Lg Thi Thu Hien Thoi quen sir dung dugc chia cac nhdm nhan ti de ludng cac khai niem khac Cac bien ve nhan thitc dugc gop nhdra nhan td: NTl (nhan thirc vi gia ca thiit bi dien), NT2 (nhan thirc vi tiit kiem dien) vii NT3 (nhan thtic ve lgi ich cua tiet kiera dien) Cac bien ve hanh vi dy dinh mua sam thiit bi, sau loai bo I quan sat khong phii hgp lai dugc gop nhdm DDMS Cac bien ve thdi quen dugc phan chia nhdra nhan ti: TQl (thoi quen ve sii dung dien) va TQ2 (thdi quen bao dudng thiet bi dien) Tiep theo, de khang dinb thang cac khai niera nghien cim dam bao tin cay va co gia tri, tac gia tien hiinh kiem dinh thdng qua he so Cronbach's Alpha Cac he sd Cronbach's Alpha, he sd tuong quan bien tdng (Item-To-Total Correlation) giiip loai nhiing bien quan sat khdng hoac it dong gop vao viec rao til khai ni^m can He sd Cronbach's Alpha if item deleted giiip danh gia loai bo bdt bien quan sat nham nang cao he sd tin cay cho khai niem can Cac tieu chi dugc sir dyng thuc hien danh gia Un cay ciia thang dua theo Nunnally va cgng su (1994) Theo dd, cac bien co be so tuong quan bien - tong nho ban 0,3 dugc coi la bien rac va se loai khoi mo hinh; va tieu chuan chgn thang la cd tin cay Alpha Idn hem 0,6 (Alpha cang Idn thi tin cay nhat quan ngi tai cang cao) Nhu vay, nghien ciiu sii dung he sd ludng dg tin cay cua thang Cronbach's Alpha CO gia Ui Idn hon hoac bang 0,6 vii he so tuang quan bien tong co gia tri Idn ban hoac bang 0,3, dam bao thang dii tin cay de thuc hien cac budc phan tich tiep theo Sau thyc hien kiem dinh EFA lan vii Cronbach's Alpha, vdi cac quan sat co tin cay khong dara bao bi loai bo, ciic quan sat lai tiep tuc dugc dua viio kiem dinh EFA lan 2, the hien d Bang Bang 1: KET QUA KIEM DINH EFA Ky higu va ten bien quan sat Cac nhan to Biin dgc lap, KMO=.661; sig=.000 al.l Sii dyng tiet kiera dien lit sir dung dien dung liic, diing chd al.3 Tiet kiem dien la de tiet kiem ngan sach cho gia dinh al Tiet kiem dien gdp phan bao ve radi trudng, chong bien ddi hau al.5 Tiet kiem dien la danh nang lugng cho ngudi khac cimg sir dung a 1.6 Muon tiet kiem dien can thay doi thdi quen su dyng dien phii hgp hon 712 799 729 743 816 al.8 Thiet hi tiet kiera dien la thiet bi co dan nhan nang lucmg al Gia ca thiet bi chieu sang tiet kiem dien hien la qua cao ai.lOGiaca thiet bi lam nong tiet kiem dien hien la qua cao al 11 Gia ca thiet bi lam lanh Uet kiem dien hien la qua cao c2.1 Trong tuang lai gdn, niu mua mdi thiet bi chieu sang tdi se mua loai tiet kiem dien c2.2 Trong tucmg lai gan, neu mua mdi thiet bi lam ndng tdi se mua loai tiet kiera dien c2.3 Trong tuang lai gan, niu mua mdi thiet bi lam lanh toi se raua loai tiet kiem dien? Biin phu thudc, KMO=788; sig=.000 519 bl Tdi ludn chii y tat den khdi phdng 790 b2 Toi ludn tan dung anh sang tu nhien tii da co the 852 PHAT TRIEN B^N VONG VUNG QUYEN 9, SO (12/2019) 929 976 975 969 955 946 NBHIEN CLfU THl/C NGHIEM - KINH NGHIgM b3 Toi luon bat den vira du anh sang phong 804 b4 Toi luon tdt binh nong lanh du nhiet dd 700 b6 Tdi ludn d i diiu hda d nhiet tir 26"C trd len 721 e 1.3 Toi lua chon den led/neon 612 b8 Toi thucmg xuyen bao dudng may dieu hda dinh ky 803 b9 Toi thucmg xuyen lau dgn tii lanh de tiet kiem dien 795 blO Binh thucmg, toi khong m d cira tii lanh qua phut 809 b 11 Toi ludn tim hieu each sii dung cac thiet bi nhara tiet kiem dien tdi da 731 Ngudn: Tinh todn cua tdc gid tirsd lieu dieu tra khdo sdt (2019) Sau kiera dinh thang do, gia Ui cae yeu to dugc dung de phan tich hdi quy la trung binh ciia ciic bien quan sat Cac bien dgc lap sir dyng thang Likert gim: NT1_2, NT3 va DDMS Biin phu thugc TQchung ia trung bmh cac bien thoi quen sir dung thiet bi dien va thoi quen bao duang thiet bi dien Cac bien so sau kiem dinh dugc su dung cho cac phan tiep theo Ket qua nghien cihi chinh 2.1 Thuc trang thdi quen su dung thiit bi dien De tira hieu thdi quen sir dung dien ciia ngudi dan, nghien cira da sii dyng 11 cau hdi hen quan den cac hiinh vi sii dung dien ciia ngudi tieu dimg Cac cau hdi tuang ting vdi cac hiinh vi sir dyng dien ddi vdi cac nhdm thiet bi chieu sang, thiet bi lam nong va thiet bi lam lanh Sau kiem dinh Cronbach's alpha va kiem dmh EFA, quan sat khong phii hgp bi loai bd, cdn lai quan sat dugc su dyng cho nghien cim tiep theo Bang cho thay mirc ddng thuan ciia ngudi dan ve cac y kien ddi vdi thdi quen sir dung dien la kha cao (tap trung chu yeu d miic tir "ddng y" den "rat dong y") Trong d hau bet van de dua ra, miic ddng y d phudng Dich Vgng Hau deu cao hem Phii Lucmg Dieu ciing ham y, ngudi dan d phudng Dich Vgng Hau c6 thdi quen ve sir dung dien tiet kiem han Phii Lucmg Bang 2: DIEM TRUNG BINH Y KIEN CUA NGUQl TIEU DUNG VE THOI QUEN SU' DUNG DIEN STT Thoi quen sir d u n g dien Cliung Dicli Vong Hau Pliii LuoTig b ! Toi luon chii y tat den khoi phong 4.62 4.7 4.54 b2 Toi luon tan dung anh sang tu nhien toi da co the 4.57 4.62 4.52 b3 Toi luon bat den vira du anh sang phong 4.48 4.58 4.39 b4 Toi luon tat binh nong lanh dii nhiet 4.48 46 4.36 b6 Toi luon de dieu hoa o nhiet ttr 26 tro len 4.37 4.6 4.14 b8 Toi thutmg xuyen bao duong may dieu hoa dinh ky 4.22 4.44 b9 Toi thuang xuyen lau don tu lanh de tiet kiem dien 4.14 4.14 4.15 10 blO Binh thuang, toi khong mo cua tu lanh qua phiit 4.3 4.34 4.25 11 b l l Toi luon tim hieu each sir dung cac thiet bi nham tiet kiem dien toi da 4.2 4.29 411 Nguon: Tdc gid (2019) PHAT T R I E N B N VCfNG VUNG Q U Y N 9, SO (12/2019) Le Thj Thu Hien Thoi quen sir dyng Ciic quan siit ve thoi quen sir dung dien sau kiem dinh EFA va Cronbach's alpha (theo ket qua d Bang 1) dugc gdp thiinh nhdm: TQl ve six dyng thiit bi dien va TQ2 ve bao duong thiet bi dien Hinh i: KET QUA VE THOI QUEN SLT DUNG THIET BI DIEN VA THOI QUEN BAO D U O N G THIET BI DIEN Jlv Nguon: Tlnh todn cua tdc gid tir sd liiu diiu tra khdo sdt (2019) Hinh I cho thay ket qua chung ve thoi quen su dung thiet bi dien vii thoi quen bao dudng thiet bi dien cua ngudi tieu dimg Theo dd gia tn trung binh ciia thoi quen su dung Idn hon thdi quen bao dudng vii raiic phan tan cac y kien ciia ngudi trii ldi ciia thdi quen sir dung thap han thoi quen bao dudng Dieu phan nao cho thay mac dii thdi quen cua ngudi tieu dung ve sir dung thiet bi dien tdt hem thoi quen bao dudng, viec bao duang thiet bi dien ciing gop phan thiic day viec sii dyng tiet kiem dien Chinh vi vay muon tiet kiem dien thi bao dudng thiet bi can dugc chii Ugng Hinh 2: KET QUA VE THOI QUEN SLT DUNG DIEN Nguon: Tinh todn ciia tdc gid tirsd lieu diiu tra khdo sdt (2019) Hinh cho kit qua ting hgp vi thdi quen sir dyng dien cua ngudi dan Ha Ndi Theo dd hSu hit ngudi tieu dimg deu co thoi quen sii dung tiit kiem dien vdi diem trung binh cac y kien d mirc cao (raean=4.36) Ciic y kien Ua ldi dao ddng tir "khdng ddng y" den "rat dong y" nhung phan tan cac y kien la khdng cao va tap trung chti yen d nhdm "dong y" trd len PHAT TRI^N B^N VONG VUNG QUY^N 9, SO (12/2019) NGHIEN CLfU THl/C NGHI$M - KINH NGHl£M 2.2 So sdnh thdi quen sir dung di^n cua Bgiroi dan 2phudng Dich Vgng Hau va Phu Luang Trudc het, nghien ciiu so sanh thoi quen sii dung thiit bi dien (TQ 1) ciia ngudi dan d phudng Dich Vgng Hau va Phu Luang Ket qua cac y kiin vdi rairc dong y cao cho cac thoi quen dugc de cap den nghien cuu Trong Ui so Uung binh ve TQl d Dich Vgng Hau cao hen Phii Luang (4.62 va 4.39) Diem trung vi ciia Dich Vgng Hau la d Phii Luang la 4.6 Ve miic phan tan cac y kien d Phii Lucmg cao hon Dich vgng hau (vdi lech chuan lan lugt la 0.61 vii 0.56) Cac y kien d Dich Vgng Hau tap trung tir miic den diim (tir binh thudng din rat ddng y) cdn d Phii Luang thi dai y kien tir miic den diem (co nhiing y kien tra ldi khong dong y) Nhu vay co thi thay rang, thdi quen sir dung thiet bi dien d phucmg Dich Vgng Hau co xu huting tiet kiem dien hon d phudng Phil Luong Tuy nhien, ket qua kiem dinh Independent Sample T-test cho gia tri Sig T-test = 0.059 > 0.05, khdng cd su khac biet cd y nghia thing ke (d miic 5%) ve thdi quen sir dung di?n ciia ngudi dan d phudng Dich Vgng Hau va Phii Luang Hinh 3: SO SANH THOI QUEN SU' DUNG DIEN CUA HAI PHUCiNG _^^