Vai trò của phụ nữ khmer trong bảo tồn và phát huy tiếng mẹ đẻ nghiên cứu trường hợp thành phố trà vinh

T/iP Cin KHOA HpCTRUCING DAI HQC TRA VINH, s 33, THANG 03 NAM 2019 DOM0 353B^/1»: VAI TRO CUA PHU NlJ KHMER TRONG BAO TON VA PHAT HUY TIENG ME DE NGHIEN CtfU TRUdNG HOP THANH PHO TRA VINH Thach Thi Dan^ KHMER WOMEN IN THE CONSERVATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MOTHER LANGUAGE - A CASE STUDY IN TRA VINH CITY Thach Thi Dan^ Tom tat - Phu nv! Khmer giU nhiing vi promoting their mother tongue in the coming tri, vai trd nhdt dinh ddi song vd cdc time Keywords: Khmer women Southern sinh hoat vdn hoa, xd hoi cua ngudi Khmer Nam Bo Khi tham gia vai trd ve gidi, ho cd Khmer, mother language, Tra Vinh city siic dnh hudng rat quan trong viec bdo I M DAU ton vd phdt huy tieng me de cua chinh ddn toe minh Trong bdi viit nay, tdc gid dd tien Dan tpc Khmer c6 mot he thdng ngon ngfl hanh dieu tra, khdo sdt, phdn tich thuc trang rieng Viec sfl dung tieng me de khong chi svC dung tieng me de cua phu nic Khmer d the hien thai dp ngon ngfl cua mdi ngfldi ma Thanh Trd Vinh Tren cO sd do, bdi viet gdp phin bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri di xudt mot s6 gidi phdp nhdm ndng cao vai van hoa, lich sfl cua dan tpc Trong cong ddng trd cua phu nH Khmer viec bdo ton vd ngfldi Khmer, ngfldi phu nfl c6 vai tro quan phdt huy tieng me de thdi gian tdi trpng viec Ifla chpn, truyln day ngon Tie khoa: phu nvl Khmer, ngUdi Khmer ngfl dan tpc cho cac the he sau Thdng qua Nam Bp, tiing me de, Thanh Trd Vinh ngon ngfl dan tpc, ngudi phu nfl lam khdi day long tfl hao dan tpc cua cac vien Abstract - Khmer women always play the gia dinh cung nhU cong ddng ve phong tuc, truyln thdng tdt dep TUy nhien, hien certain positions and roles in life and cultural, social activities of Southern Khmer Re-nhieu nhan td nhU dinh kiln gidi, kha nang garding the role of gender, they have strong tilp can thong tin, sd giup dd cua ngUdi than, influence on preserving and promoting the trinh dd hpc vin, da ,tac ddng khong nho den mother language of their own ethnic minority y thflc sfl dung tieng me de cac gia (finh In this paper, the researcher has investigated,ngUdi Khmer d Tra Vinh Khao sat cac hp gia surveyed and analyzed the situation of us- dinh dan toe Khmer tai Thanh phd Tra Vinh ing the mother tongue of Khmer women in cho thiy mflc dp sfl dung tilng me de Tra Vinh City From that basis, the study giao tiep hang cua cong ddng Khmer proposes some solutions toward promoting dang giam di, cd din 50% ho gia dinh ma the role of Khmer women in preserving and cac vien khdng the giao tilp vdi bang tilng me de Khi tilp xuc vdi cac 'TrUcIng Dai hoc Tra Vinh vien, dac biet ngfldi phu nfl gia dinh, Ngay nhan bai: 27/9/2018, Ngay nhan ket qua binh chflng toi nhan thiy hp chfla y thflc day du duyet: 09/7/2019; Ngay chap nhan dang: 15/7/2019 tim quan trpng cua viec sfl dung tilng me Email: thachthidan@tvu.edu.vn de ddi vdi cac gia dinh Hp cd xu ^Tra Vinh University Received date: 27*'' September 2018 , Revised date: hfldng de tre lUa chpn va sfl dung ngon ngfl 09"' July 2019; Accepted date: 15"" July 2019 I KUONG DAl HOC TRA VINH SO 33, THANG 03 NAM 2019 mot each tfl nhien, khong bat budc Hp chua giai thich cho cac ve tam quan trpng cua viec sfl dung tilng me de giao tiep hang Vay, lam the nao de' phat huy vai trd cua ngUdi phu nfl Khmer cong tac bao tdn va phat huy tilng me de? Xuit phat tfl cau hdi do, de tai "Vai tro cua ngudi phu nfl Khmer bao tdn va phat huy ngon ngfl dan tpc tilng me de (nghiSn cflu trUdng hdp tai Thanh phd Tra Vinh)" dfldc thflc hien Muc tieu cua bai viet la phan tich thflc trang sfl dung tieng me de va cac ylu td anh hfldng din viec sfl dung tilng me de cua phu nfl Khmer tren dia ban Thanh phd Tra Vinh; phan tich vai tro, U-ach nhiem cua ngfldi phu nfl Khmer tren dia ban Thanh phd Tra Vinh viec bao ton va phat huy tieng me de Tfl do, chflng tdi d l xuat cac giai phap nang cao vai trd cua ngfldi phu nfl Khmer viec bao tdn va phat huy tilng me de cong ddng ngUdi Khmer VAN HOA-GIAO UUC-NUMtJ li ciJu se ddng gdp budc dau cho viec nghien cflu vai tro phu nfl Khmer khong chi bao tdn tilng me de ma nhieu linh vflc khac, dac biet ddi vdi bao tdn di san van hoa phi vat the' II PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN COU Phuong phdp diin dd ddn toe hpc: De tai thiet ke he thdng cau hdi theo thang likert de dat dfldc thong tin khach quan vl viec chpn ngon ngfl giao tiep, thai dp cua cac ca nhan sfl dung tieng me de, khd khan (neu c6) sfl dung tilng me de, ldi ich va hoat dong bao tdn, phat trien tilng me de; ddng thdi thflc hien quan sat cd tham dfl thu thap nhflng thdng tin thUc t l vl viec sfl dung ngon ngfl dan tpc - tilng me de cua ngUdi Khmer gia dinh va cong ddng Cac dia ban dfldc chpn mlu khao sat tai phd Tra Vinh Thanh phd Tra Vinh la trung tam hanh chinh, chinh tri kinh te van hoa xa hdi va an ninh qudc phong cua tinh Tra Vinh gdm chin phfldng va xa Long Dflc, dan tpc Khmer la 21.879 ngfldi chiem 20,64% sdng tap trung d cac phfldng 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, va xa Long Dflc [9] Ddi sdng chu ylu la san xuat nong nghiep, lam nghe thu cong truyln thdng, mot bp phan lam dich vu, mua ban nho va lam cong nhan cac cong ty xi nghiep tai khu cong nghiep Long Dflc Nhdm nghien cflu chpn xa Long Dflc, phfldng 1, phudng 7, phfldng 8, phfldng lam dia ban nghien cflu Day la nhflng khu vflc tiep nhan va anh hUdng ldi sdng dd thi, giao thoa van hoa manh me, tap trung nhieu ddng bao dan tpc Khmer Dong thdi, xa Lfldng Hoa, huyen Chau Thanh, tinh Tra Vinh la khu vflc vung ven trung tam phd Tra Vinh cung dfldc chpn de" ddi chilu sfl khac biet sfl dung tilng me de vdi trung tam phd O Viet Nam, ngfldi phu nfl luon gifl mot vai tro quan trpng ddi sdng xa hoi Vai tro da dUdc ghi nhan va khang dinh d nhieu cong trinh nghien cflu thude nhilu linh vflc nhfl qua trinh cong nghiep hoa ndng thdn [I], u-ong phat trien cong ddng [2], gia dinh Viet Nam [3] Rieng cac nghien cflu vl ngon ngfl Khmer Nam Bp cung da dfldc the' hien nhilu bai vilt, chuyen luan, luan van, luan an Cac nghien cflu thfldng tap trung vao cac vin de nhfl dac die'm tieng Khmer, sfl khac biet tilng Khmer Sdc Trang va tieng Khmer d Tra Vinh [4], sU tilp xuc ngon ngfl gifla tilng Khmer vdi tilng Viet [5], [6], thai dp ngon ngfl cua ngfldi Khmer [7], tinh hinh suT dung tilng Khmer giao tiep, chinh sach ngon ngfl d cong ddng Khmer Nam Bp [8] Cac nghien cflu tren da phan tich sau sac vl tilng me de, vai tro cua tieng me de ban sac van hoa dan tpc Day la nhflng cd sd quan trpng de de tai cd the k l thfla va phat huy TYiy nhien, cac cong trinh tren, viec nhan manh vai trd cua ngfldi phu nfl bao tdn tilng me de chinh dan tpc minh, cd ngfldi Khmer kha khiem tdn Tren cd sd ke thfla cd chpn Ipc cac cong trinh nghien cflu di trfldc, chung toi hi vpng d l tai nghien Phuang phdp phong vdn sau: di thu thap ngudn tai lieu thong tin dinh tinh bo sung, khac phuc nhflng han chi phan tich danh gia cua ngudn sd Heu, thong tin dinh Ifldng cd dfldc tfl kit qua dieu tra 143 hp gia dinh Mlu phong vin sau dfldc chpn 10% tdng sd mlu dilu tra hp gia dinh 26 T4P CHi KHOA H p c TRl/flNG DAI HOC TRA VINH, s 33, THANG 03 NAM 2( cac em khdng c6 dieu kien tilp xuc vdi tieng Khmer tfl nho nlu c6 cha me deu la vien chflc nha nUdc Mot li khac la yeu td tam li cfla cha me cac em Do hp lo sd em minh Tra Vinh la mot nhflng tinh d Nam khd hoa nhap vdi Idp hpc nen hp da chii dong Bp CO ti le ngfldi Khmer sinh sdng ddng, day tilng Viet cho nhilu hdn, khong day chilm 31 % dan sd toan tinh Rieng tai Thanh hoac it noi tilng Khmer vdi Vi vay, viec phd Tra Vinh, ngUdi Khmer chiem 20,64% sfl dung tilng me de phu thuoc rat nhilu vao [9] La mot nhflng cong ddng cac dan nhan thflc cua ngUdi Idn gia dinh Mdi tpc d Viet Nam, dan tpc Khmer tai Thanh trfldng gia dinh ddng vai tro chu dao phd Tra Vinh da cd nhieu hoat dong thiet viec truyln day tilng me de thflc nham bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri Vay edng ddng ngudi Khmer Nam van h6a cua dan tpc Ben canh cac hoat ddng Bp, la ngudi dong vai tro chinh vigc van hoa thfldng nien, ngfldi Khmer tich truyln day tieng me de cho con? Trong truyln cUc khuyin khich ddng vien em tham gia thdng xa hoi ngUdi Khmer, nlu ngUdi cha la hpc chfl viet cua dan tpc d cac diem chua vao tru cot ve kinh te gia dinh thi ngUdi phu dip he; tham gia hpc Idp song ngfl Khmer - nfl lai c6 vai tro quan trpng viec giao Viet cho hpc sinh Khmer bac tieu hpc Tiiy due cai Kit qua khao sat cho thiy cd nhien, chfldng trinh hpc song ngfl chi dflng den 36% viec hpc cua cai gia dinh lai d bac tieu hpc va trung hpc cd sd vdi tdng la ngudi phu nfl quyet dinh; 24% ca vd thdi lUdng la 980 tilt [10] Ben canh viae va chdng quylt dinh, 10,7% ngudi chdng hpc tilng Khmer, cac em dfldc hpc them quylt dinh va 29,3% ca gia dinh cung dUa tieng Anh Viec hpc lan ludt ba ngon ngfl quyet dinh Kit qua cung cho thay sfl (Viet, Khmer, Anh) khiln cac em c6 cd hoi binh dang cua phu nfl Khmer so vdi dan ong so sanh tinh thong dung, kha nang flng dung U:ong gia dinh NgUdi phu nfl van la ngfldi cua ngdn ngfl hpc tap va nghe nghiep CO sflc anh hfldng Idn nhat ddi vdi con, chau Dilu cung anh hudng khdng nho din kha gia dinh Trong ddi sdng cua ddng bao nang sfl dung tilng me de cua cac em Khmer, nfl gidi va nam gidi deu c6 vai tro giao tiep, nhat la cac gia dinh Do thilu ngang viec tilp can cac ngudn lUc vdn tfl vflng, thilu mdi trUdng giao tilp nen nhu tai san, dit dai, mua sam tai san, ddng kha nang dien dat cua cac em han che, gdp kinh tl Khao sat tai cac phUdng d trung cac em khong the' sfl dung hoan toan tieng tam Thanh phd Tra Vinh cho thiy ba cong me de U-ong giao tiep Vi vay, viec lUa chpn viec phd bien cua phu nfl Khmer tai khu vUc tilng me de giao tilp gifla cac thi he gom noi trd, buon ban va mot sd nganh ngfldi Khmer cung cang giam Neu ddi nghe khac nhU lam thue, lam rupng, cong vdi the he cac bac cha me, viec giao tiep hoan nhan xi nghiep Ti le phu nfl tham gia buon toan bang tieng Khmer la 100% thi vdi thi ban, cac edng viec khac ed phin tang so vdi he cai chi khoang 95% [II] Hien cong viec chinh la noi trd Hp deu tich cflc nay, ti le dang cang cd xu hUdng tham gia xay dflng kinh te cua gia dinh Khu giam dan vUc Phfldng 7, va cd xu hudng tang so vdi Phfldng Ylu td noi trd giam dan d sau Kit qua phong vin 10 gia dinh dan tpc khu vUc cho thiy ngfldi phu nfl dan ngang Khmer tai trung tam Thanh phd Tra Vinh tam vdi nam gidi ddng gop Idnh te (sau gia dinh lam nghi buon ban va bdn gia Day la budc tiln cua qua trinh cong nghiep dinh lam vien chflc nha nude) cho thiy hdn hoa, hien dai hoa Viec tham gia buon ban, 50% tre em cd dp tudi tfl din 15 tudi thuoc cong viec khac gdp phan xay dung kinh tl gia dinh Khmer cd cha me lam nghi budn gia dinh mot ben vflng hdn Khao sat ban sfl dung tilng Viet xen lln tilng Khmer d cac phfldng cho thay cd hdn 80% gia dinh qua trinh giao tilp Sd lai khdng cd chdng chi tap trung ve kinh tl, tham gia noi dfldc tilng Khmer Li chu yeu la m THUC TRANG SLf DUNG TIENG ME DE CUA PHU NO KmiER TREN DIA BAN THANH PHO TRA VINH VAN H A - GIAO DUC - NGH$ THUAX TAP CHi KHOA HOC TRUONG D*! HOC T R A VINH SO 33, THANG 03 NAM 2019 quyet dinh viec hpc cua cai gia dinh chi chilm 10,7% tdng sd phu nfl dfldc phong van Viec hpc hanh cung la yeu td quan trpng dinh hfldng cho em Khmer nghi nghiep, nang cao y thflc gia tri van hoa dan tpc Vai tro cua ngubi phu nfl viec quyet dinh gia dinh cho thay dia vi cua ngUdi phu nfl Khmer cang dude nang cao va c6 y nghia xay dUng gia dinh Tuy nhien, ylu td nghe nghiep cd anh hUdng nhu the nao den viec day tieng me de cho con? Thanh phd Tra Vinh la trung tam hanh chinh cua tinh, la ndi cong cu cua nam dan tpc: Kinh, Khmer, Hoa, An, Cham Vi vay, sU giao thoa van hoa qua trinh tiep xflc la tit yeu Qua trinh giao thoa tilp xuc gifla cac cong ddng dan tpc anh hfldng din viec sfl dung ngdn ngfl cua dan tpc Khmer tai Thanh phd, nhit la nghe nghiep cua phu nfl Khmer Do phai bfldc ngoai lam viec nen viec hpc them mdt ngdn ngfl la rit can thiet cho sU trao ddi thdng tin cung nhU dl cong cong viec nen phu nfl Khmer thao tilng Viet la tat yeu Nhflng phu nfl Khmer lam noi trd CO xu hfldng giam va chu ylu tap trung d dp tudi 55 trd len Ti le c6ng viec khac cd phin tang len nhieu d khu vflc PhUdng 8, Phudng 9, phd bien d tudi 18-50 Mflc dp thao tieng Khmer giao tiep d tudi 18-54 cd phin thap hdn so vdi nhom tudi tfl 55 trd len Kit qua khao sat cung cho thay da sd phu mi Khmer sfl dung dUdc hai ngon ngfl qua trinh giao tilp la Viet va Khmer O phfldng 1, phfldng va xa Long Dflc, phd Tra Vinh; xa Lfldng Hoa, huyen Chau Thanh, kha nang phu nfl Khmer sfl dung ca hai ngon ngfl diu tot hdn so vdi phfldng va phfldng Do phfldng va phudng d trung tam cua phd Tra Vinh va cac hp gia dinh dan tpc Khmer sdng dan xen vdi cac gia dinh ngUdi Kinh, Hoa nen viec sfl dung thao tilng Viet giao tiep la cin thiet va hien nhien phfldng 1, phudng 7, trung binh cfl 10 gia dinh ngfldi Kinh chi c6 mot hoac hai gia dinh Khmer sinh sdng Long Dflc va Lfldng Hoa la hai xa vung ven trung tam nhUng khong each xa trung tSm nhieu Phu nfl d xa Lfldng Hoa phan dong lam nghe budn ban Hang ngay, ho tilp xuc vdi khach hang, ca ngfldi Khmer lan ngfldi Kinh nen ndi dfldc ca hai thfl tilng Rieng xa Long Dflc, gan khu cong nghiep Long Dflc, moi trfldng nghe nghiep budn ban va lam dich vu nen phu nfl cd the' giao tilp thao hai thfl tilng Viec giao tilp dfldc hai thfl tilng deu cd dfldc hai nhdm tudi: 18-50 va 50 tudi trd ISn khu vUc phudng 8, phfldng 9, mot sd phu nfl chi ndi dfldc nhit tilng Khmer, khdng thao tilng Viet, hp chi hieu va giao tiep dfldc nhflng viec cd ban nhfl chao hoi, trao ddi mua ban Viec trao ddi trUc tiep sau hdn vl chu dl viec lam, van hoa, hpc tap rat kho khan Ban than can bp phong van phai phong vin bang tilng Khmer Mot phan quan trpng nfla la hai phudng deu la vung ven trung tam, sdng dan xen vdi cac dan tpc khac chUa nhieu, mot xom cd din din 10 hp gia dinh Khmer sdng gan nhau, chi c6 mot hoac hai hp gia dinh ngUdi Kinh hoac khdng CO hp nao Viec giao tilp nhit tilng me de chi xay d sd it ngUdi tre, the he Idn tudi hdn 50 chiem ti le cao hdn din 60% d phudng Bang 1: Kha nang sfl dung cac ngon ngfl cua phu nfl Khmer Mot ng&n ngu' Dia diem D8 tuoi (!) 18-50t (2) 100 PhUdng >50t 100 18-501 100 Phir&ng >50i 18-50t Phucfng 100 5.9 94,1 >50t 16,7 77 18-50t 22,2 77,8 > 50t 60 PhUflng 40 18-50t 100 Xa Long Dflc >5Ctt 100 I8-50t 100 > sot 100 Ludng H6a 28 Hai ngon ngii' T*P CHl KHOA HOC TRlICtNG DAI HOC TRA VINH, s 33, THANG 03 NAM 2019 jioi^^v ^ *T -18-54 tuoi - > 5 tn6i FhiKmg Fhufmg Phvong S I%uaag9 LtHig Doc LtKmg Hoa Hinh 1; Kha nang giao tiep thao tieng me de cua phu nfl Khmer theo Ifla tudi Viec giao tilp tilng me de moi trUdng eua cong ddng trd nen hoan hao hdn, chu the giao tilp tfl nhien theo ban nang vi ban than thuoc ve cong ddng dd, yeu td ngfl phap khong dUdc chu y nhieu Phu nfl Khmer Idn tudi tai phudng sdng khu vUc tap trung hoan toan dan tpc Khmer, moi trfldng giao tilp khep kin, vi li tuoi tac hp khdng cd cd hoi tilp xuc vdi ngoai cong ddng Hp la nhflng ngfldi ba Urong gia dinh Ci tudi hp, cong ddng dan tpc Khmer, ngoai viec hd trd cac trdng nom nha cfla, chau, hp eon tham gia tu thien gifl gidi theo phong mc ciia dSn toe Trong cong ddng, gia dinh, hp rat dfldc coi ttpng vi la tim gfldng cho chau noi theo vdi phUdng cham lam dilu thien de nhan qua tdt d hien tai va vj lai Dieu hp tiep thu d moi la kinh ke tilng Pali Ban than hp cd vdn tieng Khmer kha phong phu vi vay viec giao tilp tieng me de khong c6 gi la khd khan Do phan Idn hp sinh tiong nhflng thap nien 30, 40 cua thi ki XX nen qua trinh giao thoa ngon ngfl cung nhfl tiln trinh hien dai hoa chUa xay manh me nhfl hien Qua trinh giao thoa ngon ngfl chu ylu xay tiong hoat dong buon ban, trao ddi hang hoa la chu yeu Phu nfl Khmer d thdi gian cung chfla tham gia nhieu vao cac hoat dong xa hoi, nghi nghiep chu ylu vin la nong nghiep Ngfldi chdng va ngfldi vd deu tham gia vao qua trinh xay dflng kinh te, ngfldi phu nfl vin ddng khung hinh mau rit chung la ben canh kinh tl, ho cham lo vun ven cho gia dinh, cham sdc ngfldi than va day bao cai Cung d thdi die'm nay, nin kinh tl Viet Nam ndi chung cd nhieu budc cai each va thay doi Gia dinh dan tpc Khmer chu ylu chUa cd nhieu thay ddi ve hoat dong san xuat kinh te Nen vin dl sfl dung tilng me de the he la thuan nhit Tfl nam 1980 trd ve sau, thdi die'm dit nude c6 bUdc chuye'n minh manh me sang thdi ki md cfla hoi nhap qudc tl, ddi sdng cua ngfldi dan ndi chung cd nhilu thay ddi, rieng edng ddng dan tpc Khmer cung c6 nhieu bude phat trie'n vl kinh tl va ddi sdng Cupc sdng khong chi gdi gpn Uxjng phum sroc, viec san xuat buon ban c6 sfl giao Iflu doi hdi ban than cong ddng cac dan tpc, dan tpc Khmer c6 s\i hpc hoi ngon ngfl de' thich nghi dl dang cho cupc sdng nhU viSc lam, buon ban hay ddn gian la tiao doi thong tin giao tilp vdi xom gilng Va ngUdi phu nfl cang Idn tudi thi vdn tfl vUng va giao tiep tieng me de nhilu hdn so vdi thi he sau Phong vin phu nfl Khmer d cac phudng dfldc hoi "Ngon ngfl dau tien ba/chi chpn day con, chau la gi?", kit qua nhfl sau: Bang cho ta thiy dai da sd phu nfl Khmer chpn tilng Khmer la ngdn ngfl diu tien day cho Mot sd it phu nfl Khmer day tilng Viet cho con, ti le cao nhat la Phudng 7, d thi he thfl Idn hdn 50 Nguyen nhan chu yeu la moi trfldng sinh sdng xung quanh, nghe nghiep anh hudng din quyet dinh chpn ngon ngfl day cho Dilu din den mflc dp 29 T*P o n KHOA H p c TRUONG D*I HOC TRA VINH, SO 33, THANG 03 NAM 2019 Khmer (Bang 3) Ket qua khao sat d Bang cho thiy thflc te sfl dung tilng Viet giao tiep trd nen phd bien d hau hit cac phfldng Sfl thay ddi chpn Ifla ngdn ngfl anh hfldng den viec tri bao tdn tilng me de cho cac the he mai sau Vi tri cua ngfldi phu nfl Khmer can dfldc nang cao ddi sdng gia dinh va sinh hoat cong ddng Vay mong mudn cua ngfldi phu nfl Khmer la gi? Thfl nhit, hp mong mudn dfldc hpc tSp chfl Khmer Vdn tfl rit quan trpng giup chung ta dien dat trpn ven y ma ban than mudn truyln tai din ngfldi nghe Cupc ndi chuyen se khong trpn ven nlu thilu tfl va can phai "vay mfldn tfl tilng Pali hoac Sanskrit hoac nhflng tfl ngfl dich tfl cac thuat ngfl mdi cua tieng Viet phd thong" [5] Da sd phu nfl Khmer tiong pham vi nghien cflu chi hoan bac hpc d cap tieu hpc, sd chi em hoan tit bac hpc trung hpc phd thdng va dai hpc la 2,3% tiong tong sd phu nfl tham gia phong vin Khi dfldc hdi "Cac chi c6 hpc chfl Khmer khong?", nhom nghien cflu nhan dfldc cau tra ldi biln la "hdi nho hpc d chua, da qua lau nSn khong nhd hit nhflng gi da hpc; hoac "do hoan canh khd khan nen khong dfldc di hpc" hoac "nha d xa chua nen khong di hpc dfldc" Dieu cung phii hdp vdi nghien ciiu cua Thach Thi Dan, ti le ngfldi Khmer biet viet, dpc tilng Khmer rit thap, dac biet la nfl gidi [12] Nlu ban than phu nfl Khmer dfldc hpc chfl thi viec hfldng minh di hpc va giao tilp hang tiong gia dinh se giup viec tii tilng me de tdt hdn Bang 2: Phu nfl Khmer chpn day ngdn ngfl cho Mi^c % Dia di^m Do tuoi Ti^ng Tieng Khac Khmer (1) Via (2) (3) 18-50t 83,3 16,7 >50t 85,7 7,1 18-50t 88,9 11,1 >50t 60 40 18-50t 100 Phifdng PhUifng PhUcing >50t 100 18-50t 77,8 5,6 >50t 90 10 18-50t 86,7 13,3 > 50t 93,3 6,7 18-50t 100 >50t 100 VAN H A - GIAO DUC - NGH$ THUAT 7,1 16,7 PhKftng Xa Long Dflc Ltfdng Hoa giao tiep bang tilng Khmer qua cac thi he gia dinh Viec chpn ngon ngfl dau tien day cho la khdi dau quan trpng cho nln tang ngon ngfl cho sau Thong qua bang khao sat, chflng ta nhan thay sU anh hfldng cua ngon ngfl dau tien Nlu phu nfl Khmer chpn tilng me de day cho thi cac the he tilp theo se giao tilp bang tieng me de Viec giao tiep bang tieng me de giam din d cac the he thfl va thfl Nguyen nhan la viec tii giao tilp khong thfldng xuyen Dilu phu thuoc vao y thflc, vdn tilng me de cua ca nhan vien tiong gia dinh Tfl vflng, each ndi, chu de ma ca nhan hUdng tdi de giao tilp va nhan thiy rang mdi quan he cin giao tilp bang ngon ngfl nao, tilng me de hay tilng Viet Mot yeu td nfla la nhu ciu hpc tap, Jam viec khiln cho the he sau (thi he thfl 3, 4) chpn tieng Viet la ngon ngfl giao tilp thfldng xuyen hdn tilng Khmer Ti le giam cao d xa Long Diic va Lfldng Hoa, vdi 20% y kiln Ci thi he nay, tfl ngfl giao tiep cd sfl pha tion gifla tilng Viet va tieng Thfl hai, hp mong mudn dfldc cung cap thong tin tfl sach, bao bang tieng Khmer den gia dinh de hp van dung chfl vilt dfldc hpc chiia, d trUdng Hpc thi phai thUc hanh la can cham ngdn quen thuoc nhung chfla dfldc ap dung dung va thUdng xuyen Ti le biet dpc va viet chfl Khmer cua cac vien gia dinh phu nfl Khmer dfldc phong vin rat thip Cfl 10 gia dinh thi chi cd den gia dinh cd ngfldi bilt dpc, viet chfl Khmer Kit qua la gia dinh c6 eon di tu tai chua nen cd dilu kien hpc chfl Khmer Ban than phu nfl Khmer ciing rat it ngfldi bilt chfl Nlu CO thi cung dang d tudi la ba gia dinh 30 TAP c m KHOA HOC T R U O N G DAI HOC TRA VINH, s 33 THANG 03 NAM 2019 Bang 3: Mflc dd giao tilp bang tilng Khmer qua cac thi he Mile % Dia dinn DS tuoi Duy tri lot qua cac Duy tri nhUng Miong the he (I) thUcJng xuyen (2) Giam d th^ he thil (3) Giam d th^ hS thfl 3, thfl: (4) 18-501 83,3 16,7 >50t 71,4 28,6 is-sa 72,2 5,6 11,1 11.1 > sot 60 10 10 20 18-sa 88,2 > sot 91,7 [8-501 88,9 PhUOng PhifiJng 11,8 Phudng 8.3 11,1 PhUffng >50t 90 18-50t 53,3 10 20 26,7 Xa Long Dilc >50l 80 18-SOt 70 10 20 > sot 80 10 10 13,3 6,7 Ltrong H6a Bang 4: Mflc dp sfl dung song ngfl tiong giao tiep cua cac vien gia 50t 50 43 7,1 18-50t 33,3 33,3 16,7 11,1 >50i 10 30 30 10 20 I8-50t 47,1 11,8 5,9 17,6 17,6 PhUtJng PhKcing >50t 16,7 8,3 16,7 18-SOt 38,9 38,9 16,7 > 50t 10 10 40 20 18-50t 20 46,7 26,7 6,7 6,7 PhUdng Xa Long Dflc >50i 13,3 20 60 18-50t 50 16,7 33,3 >50l 50 43 7,1 Luang Hoa 58,3 5,6 20 TAP c m KHOA HOC TRUONG DAI HOC TRA VINH, SO 33, THANG 03 NAM 2019 Thud nien, hp da dUdc den chua hpc chfl, Idn tuoi thi di chua, thp gidi, tu thien hpc kinh So vdi nfl gidi Khmer, nam gidi dfldc tao dieu kien hpc chfl nhieu hdn Khi dUdc phong van "Ba/chi khuyen khich cac vien gia dinh ndi/hpc tieng Khmer bang each nao?", k i t qua la 93,8% cho con, chau tro chuyen hang ngay, 77,8% la di chua tham gia hoat ddng le hoi, 66,7% cho chau xem, nghe chfldng tiinh tilng Khmer tren tiuyen hinh, nghe radio, dpc bao Nhflng hien tai, cac phfldng chfla day manh sach bao tilng Khmer ve dia phfldng Day la hoat ddng phd biln va quen thuoc dfldc phu nfl Khmer chpn cho chau minh Muc dich cua hoat dong nham de em minh cd kiln thflc vl van hoa cua dan tpc, hoa nhap gan kit cong ddng, bao tdn phat huy cac gia tri van hoa cua dan tdc Mong mudn cua phu nfl Khmer that gian di nhung sau sac Tuy nhien, vdi vai tro, vi tii hien tai, hp c6 qua nhilu viec phai lam tiong mot gia dinh Hp cin sU se chia, hd tip tfl cac vien tiong gia dinh, cong ddng, tao dieu kien cho phu nfl hoan thien ban than Thfl ba, hp mong nhan dUdc sU ddng long cua nam gidi tiong gia dinh Nam gidi la ngfldi cha, ngfldi con, chau gia dinh Tat ca phai cd y thflc ve long tfl hao dan tpc, tfl hao ve ban sac van hoa ma td tien, cac thi he di tiitdc da xay dflng va dat dfldc Tieng ndi hay tieng me de la mot tiong sd nhflng net dep, tai san cua mot tpc ngUdi Ban than vfla van dung dUdc tai san vdn cd cua dan tpc vfla sfl dung tdt mot hay nhieu ngdn ngfl khac la mot ldi the Trong thdi ki hoi nhap qudc te, ngon ngfl khong chi giup tti sfl gan kit mot cong ddng dan tpc vdi mot cong ddng dan tpc khac ma la chia khda giflp ban than vfldn tdi nhflng cong nhit dinh cong viec, truyln tai quang ba net dep van hoa cua dan tdc Qua kit qua khao sat, chung toi rut kit luan ve cac ylu td tac dong din nang life ngon ngfl cua phu nfl Khmer nhfl sau: Moi tiirdng gia dinh la yeu td d i u tien lam nln tang ngdn ngfl cho ngfldi phu nfl Khmer noi rieng va thi he gia dinh Khmer ndi chung Neu gia dinh cd truyen thdng s^ VAN HOA - GIAO DUC - NGHfi THUAT dung tilng me de tiong giao tiep thi the he chau se ndi dUdc va giao tiep dUdc bang tieng me de Phu nfl Idn tiidi cd vdn tieng Khmer tdt hdn nhflng phu nfl thi he sau Mdi tiUdng nghe nghiep lam tang kha nang sfl dung them mot ngdn ngfl khac, nhat la ngUdi phu nii cd kha nang hpc hoi tilp thu ngon ngfl kha tdt Phu nfl Khmer cham chi, nhay ben tiong tiep thu cai mdi nham dap flng nhu cau ban than Nhd giao tiep tdt ca tilng Viet lln tilng Khmer ma tiong nghe nghiep hp cd phin thuan ldi hdn tilp can dUdc hai lUdng khach hang Viet, Khmer, ke' ca ngfldi Hoa, Cham Tuy nhien, dieu cung tao nen sfl ehu quan Sd lieu khao sat cho thiy cac gia dinh c6 sfl dung song ngfl tiong giao tiep va viec cang phd biln sU chu quan cua chu the, khdng chi phu nfl Khmer ma cac vien Ban than phu nfl Khmer nghi day la binh thUdng nhflng lau din sd lUdng tfl Khmer se giam va d i n thay the bang tfl tieng Viet Khoang each dia li anh hfldng den viec giao tilp tilng me de Cang gan trung tSm ndi CO cupc sdng nhpn nhip, viec sfl dung tieng me de se giam din Ben canh do, cac phfldng tien nghe nhin nhu dai phat thanh, bao chi tieng Khmer rat can cho cac gia dinh Khmer Vi vay, chflng ta cin xay dUng ndi dung phong phu hdn thu hut gidi tre Khmer Phu nfl Khmer cin nang cao tiinh dp tieng Khmer dpc viet tieng Khmer de hUdng dan cho em tiong viec hpc chfl dan tpc Phu nfl Khmer can y thflc tam quan tipng cua tilng me de day chau, nhac nhd vien gia dinh giao tiep bang tilng me de de' tilng ndi cua dan tpc dfldc tti va bao tdn Tfl do, viec gifl gin van hoa, phong tuc tap quan cua dan tpc se tti cac thi he tiep theo IV DE XUAT MOT SO GL^I PHAP N A N G CAO VAI TRO PHU N O KHMER TRONG BAO TON VA PHAT HUY TIENG ME DE TAI THANH PHO TRA VINH A Qua hdt ru, ke chuyen Van hpc va am nhac dan gian Khmer c6 vai tid rat quan ttpng ttong ddi sdng sinh hoat TA? CHl KHOA HOC T R U O N G DAI HOC TRA VINH, s 33, T H A N G 03 N A M 3019 VAN HOA - GIAO u v - -1 cua ngUdi Khmer Nam Bp Vdi nhilu the loai ke' dUdc ngfldi me, ngUdi ba sijt dung bang khac nhau, hp kheo leo sfl dung chung phuc chinh tieng me de ciaa minh, mang nhflng y vu ttong cac nghi ll hay vui chdi giai tti, bieu nghia v6 clang quy gia da giup cho cac thi he diln nghe thuat tten san khau, sinh hoat gia con, chau c6 dfldc sfl kl thfla, nhan thflc sau dinh v l hinh thflc dien xfldng, am nhac sac ve ngon ngfl cua dan tpc minh Qua hat dan gian cua ngUdi Khmer ciing rit da dang, ru, ke' chuyen, nhiing ngfldi phu nfl Khmer phong phu Co the' ke' den la hat cd ttuyin trfldc day da phat huy rat hieu qud vai tro vdi lan dieu No kho reak, lom tiing, 16m tho, cua minh ttong viec bao tdn tilng me de phak chhay, som phdn, soridon Cac lan Thy nhien, hien nay, sfl phat ttien cua khoa dieu dfldc sfl dung tiong bieu dien hpc ki thuat cang cao, vai tio da san khiu Du ke; hat ttong ll cfldi gdm cac khong phat huy hieu qua va that sU dang bai hat Md rao, Bupc chi Cat hoa eau Cat bi mai mdt Nhflng ldi ru, tilng kd' chuyen toe Cac bai thfldng gan vdi mdi nghi thflc khdng dfldc nghe ttong sinh hoat cfla ttong ll cfldi truyen thdng cua ngfldi Khmer tflng gia dinh nfla ma chi xuit hien ttSn Dae biet, hinh thflc hat ru da tflng la mot the mdt sd dai truyln hinh bang tilng Khmer vdi loai rat gan gui va gan bo tiong ddi sdng cua hinh thflc la bieu dien nghe thuat phuc vu vui ngUdi Khmer trUdc day Nhflng ngfldi me, chdi, giai tti Theo ket qua dia ban khao ngfldi ba thdng qua ldi hat ru mang dam tinh sat, 100% cac ddi tfldng dieu tta khang dinh chit dan gian cung vdi gia tti giao due cao khdng siit dung hinh thflc hat ru hay k^ da truyln vao long nhflng ngUdi con, ngUdi chuyen ttong cham soc, nuoi day con, chau chau bai hpc van hoa, dao dflc vd cung quy nfla Ddng thdi, 100% y kiln cung cho rang viec bao tdn va phat huy tieng me de la cin gia cua dan tpc thilt, ttong c6 67.53% y kiln cho rang Rieng ddi vdi van hpc dan gian, ngUdi rit cin thilt Nhfl vay cac ddi Uldng phu nfl Khmer sut dung lUu truyen thong qua chfl Khmer deu thdng nhit cao ve sfl can thiet vilt, truyen mieng Ngfldi Khmer c6 ca mot bao tdn va phat huy tilng me de dd, dii kho tang van hpc dan gian rit phong phu viec bao tdn va phat huy thong qua hinh thflc ca ve the loai lln dl tai, tiong dd c6 nhflng hat ru, ke' chuyen khong phd biln chuyen ke dfldc hp sfl dung mang giattivan dieu kien hien nhUng vin dfldc nhflng h6a va giao due cao Nhflng cau chuyen phan ngUdi phu nfl Khmer ttong gia (finh bao ton anh tim gfldng sang ttong cupc sdng xa hoi va phat huy thdng qua nhieu hinh thflc khac Khmer; giai thich cac hien tfldng tU nhien, ten phu hdp hdn gpi cua dia phUdng, ddng thflc vat; chuyen ke noi ve ngudn gdc cua cac ll truyen thdng nhu Choi Chnam Thmay, Sel Dolta, Ok Om Bok Die'm dac biet cua nhflng chuyen B Qua viec tap ndi vd day hoc cho con, chau ke la CO nhflng tuyin nhan vat thien va ac, Tre sd sinh bat dau hpc ngdn ngfl tfl tdt va xau dUdc phan biet ro ret, phan anh y ttong bung me Tieng ndi cua me la mdt chi va nguyen vpng cua nhan dSn lao dong, ttong nhflng am ndi bat nhit ma thai ddng thdi phe phan nhflng thdi hu, tat xiu ; nhi nghe dfldc Dieu cho thiy, vai tix) each sfl dung cau tfl mang dac trflng van hoa dac biet quan ttpng cua ngfldi mettongviec va phong each, cua ngfldi Khmer Nhflng ciu bao tdn va phat huy tilng me de thong qua UTJC ngfl phap, cau tfl gin gui, binh di tao nen viec tap ndi cho Su lUa chpn ngdn ngfl ve dep ki dieu tiong ngdn ngfl tilng me de nao de day tre la mdt ttong nhflng ylu td rit cua ngfldi Khmer quan tipng, no anh hUdng va tac dong manh Thong qua viec hat ru hay ke chuyen, me din dfla tie ttong qua ttinh tilp thu va ngfldi phu nfl Khmer khdng chi the hien vai tap ndi ngdn ngfl cua minh Tfl do, no hinh tio cua minh tiong giao due, nuoi day y thflc lUa chpn ngon ngfl cua mot diia cai ma gop phan luu truyen tieng me de tte Idn len Ket qua dieu tta, khao sat cua minh Tflng cau tfl tiong ldi hat, chuyen bang phfldng phap quan sat cho thay giao 33 TAP c m KHOA H p c TRUONG DAI HQC T-RA VINH SU J J, THANG 03 N A M 2019 tiep, nhflng tte em ngUdi Khmer ndi tilng phd thdng (tilng Viet), khdng biet ndi tilng me de thudng kho hoa nhap hdn ttong nhom ban be la ngUdi Khmer ciang hang xom cua minh Dong thdi, y thflc ve viec tham gia hpc tieng me de cung kem hdn so vdi tte em ngUdi Khmer khac bilt ndi tieng me de Dilu cd the' anh htidng din viec giao tilp cac hoat dong cong ddng, qua dd anh hudng den viec bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tti van hoa truyln thdng tdt dep cua dan tpc, ttong CO tilng me de Mflc dp sut dung tieng me de thUdng xuyen CO sfl giam dan qua cac thi he Mac du vay, ti le nhflng ddi tfldng Ifla chpn ngdn ngfl tilng me de cua minh de' day con, chau vin kha cao, chiem 89.31%, sd lai Ida chpn tilng Viet Hiu hit cac hd gia dinh thuoc dia ban dieu tta diu cd cac vien ttong gia tfinh ndi dUdc tilng Khmer, mot sd it sfl dung tilng Viet de giao tiep, nhieu nhit la d phudng 7, tilp den lin lUdt la ip Sa Binh thudc xa Long Diic va phudng Kit qua lUa chpn ngdn ngfl day con, chau cua cac ddi tfldng dUdc the hien qua Hinh Nhu vay, tilng me de vin dUdc phu nfl Khmer Ida chpn de day con, qua the hien dUdc vaittocua minh ttong bao tdn tilng me de liiy ttong qua ttinh cong cU, lam an vdi mdt sd dan tpc khac nhU Kinh, Hoa, phu nfl Khmer sfl dung tilng Viet la ngon ngfl chinh de giao tiep nhUng ttong gia diah hp vin cd sfl lUa chpn ngon ngfl me de nuoi day chau Doi vdi hp, viec day tilng me de tfl thud Ipt long la viec de dang bdi hp vdn da sfl dung tieng me de la ngon ngfl giao tilp hang ttong gia dinh Nham giup cho cac thi he khdng bi quSn lang di tieng me de cua minh, phu nfl Khmer da thudng xuyen nuoi, day con, khuyen khich cac vien gia dinh tham gia hpc tap, ttau ddi ngdn ngfl me de thSng qua cac hoat dong tiong ddi sdng nhu tro chuyen hang ngay; dan con, chau di chua tham gia cac hoat dong le hoi va khuyen khich chau xem, nghe chUdng ttinh tieng Khmer tten cac kenh thdng tin truyen thong Bdi hp nhan thflc dUdc rang ldi ich cua viec giao tilp bang tilng me de giup cho bdn than cung nhu chau ttong gia dinh hie'u biet VAN H A - GlAO DUC - NGH$ T H U A T them ve vdn van hoa cua ddn tdc, ddng thdi giup cac vien gia dinh de hoa nhap hdn ttong cong ddng cua dan t6c minh C Tdng cudng trdch nhiem, nhan thiic cua edng ddng ngudi Khmer Can nang cao nhan thflc, ttach nhiem cua cong ddng ve vin de bao tdn va phat huy gia tti van hoa dan tdc ndi chung va ve tilng me de ndi rieng Dac biet, ngfldi phu nfl Khmer vdi vai tto nuoi, day con, chau la chinh, la ngUditinictilp giao due va c6 anh hudng moi mat din cac thi he tiong gia dinh cin phai tfl nSng cao nhan thflc cua minh ve vai tto, ttach nhiem tten Chu the hudng thu cac gia tii van hoa dan tdc, ttong cd tilng me de cua ngUdi Khmer, phin Idn chinh la cong ddng ngUdi Khmer, dac biet la cac thi he con, chau Vi thi, nlu ban than hp khdng nhan thflc, khong CO sfl thu hfldng tdt, khdng thay dfldc gia tti van hoa quy gia cua chinh c6ng ddng minh thi gia tti vl ngon ngfl - tieng me de, ke ca gia tii ve van hoa, kinh tl hay xa hdi cung se din mat di Do do, de' bao tdn va phat huy tilng me de cua chinh dan tpc minh, ban than hp phai that sfl cd nhan thflc tdt Kit qua khao sat cho thay edng ddng ngfldi Khmer ndi chung va ddi tfldng ngfldi phu nfl Khmer dia ban dieu tta noi rieng ludn c6 nhan thflc, tfldng ddi tdt ddi vdi vin dl bao tdn va phat huy tilng me de O do, phu nfl ddng vai tto la ngUdi trflc tilp tham gia giao due, day dd chau nhieu hdn so vdi nam gidi tiong gia dinh Thy nhien, vin dl han chi cua nhflng ngfldi phu nfl Khmer day ndi chung ve tiinh dp hpc vin cung tihfl hieu bilt ve vdn ngon ngfl me de vin mflc thap hdn so vdi nam gidi Hp chi dflng lai d bilt ndi, giao tiep tieng me de la chu yeu, ve vdn tfl va sd ngfldi biet vilt tilng me de cua minh chilm ti le rit kem Vi the, hp that sfl chfla phat huy mot each ttiet de' vai tto cua minh ttong giao due, day dd con, chdu cung tham gia bao tdn, phat huy tilng me de thong qua giao due, giao tilp, sfl dung tilng me de cua hp tiong gia dinh va cong ddng Khac phuc vin dl nay, cin phai tang cUcing nang cao sU hieu biet, ttinh dp cua ngfldi phu TAP CHI KHOA HOC TRUCtNG DAI HOC TRA VINH, s 33, THANG 03 N A M 2019 • Tieng Khmer • Tieng Viet Phii&i^l Phu!cmg7 Phucfng Phudng ApSa Binh Hinh 2: Ngdn ngfl dau tien ddi tfldng dieu tra lUa chpn de' day con, chau nfl Khmer vl vdn ngon ngfl, chfl vilt me de cua minh De' thflc hien giai phap nay, ban than hp phai tfl no Iflc ttau ddi ttinh dp ve D Doi vdi cdc cap dan vi quan li d vdn ngdn ngfl, chfl vilt tieng me de cua minh dia phuong thong qua cac hinh thflc tU hpc tai nha hoac Tilp tuc soat va quan ttiet sdu sac cac tham gia cac Idp hpc tai chua, cac cd sd dao quan diem, chi dao va thflc hien c6 hieu qua tao, Cac vien ttong gia dinh, cung chinh sach, Nghi quyet, cua Dang va Nha nhu cong ddng ngfldi Khmer cin phai luon nfldc ve cong tac bao tdn va phat huy tieng tao dilu kien, phan cong lao ddng theo gidi me de ttong gia dinh hay sinh hoat cong ddng cho Tao dilu kien thuan ldi vl mpi mat de phu phu hdp nham giflp hp ed nhilu thdi gian nfl Khmer d dia phfldng minh phat huy hieu hdn tham gia nang cao tiinh dp tilng qua vai tto cua ban than ttong tham gia c6ng me de Ddi vdi chinh quyin dia phUdng, cin tac bao tdn, phat huy tilng me de Dong thdi cd nhflng chinh sach, cd che thich hdp, phu xay dflng, dao tao Iflc Ifldng can bp nfl Khmer hdp vdi dieu kien dia phUdng nham khuyin cang khoe manh ve the' Iflc va tinh thin, khich, dong vien hp tham gia hpc tap, trau nang cao ttinh dp chuyen mdn, chinh tti va ddi Cia the, d dia ban ip Sa Binh, diem nghiep vu nham giup hp phat huy hieu qua chua kha xa so vdi khu vflc sinh sdng cua hp vai tto cua minh tham gia giao due, (thfldng ngUdi Khmer d dia ban phai di day dd chau ttong gia dinh, ke ca vai tto den chiia Ong Met, trung tam phd Tra bao tdn, phat huy tilng me de thong qua day Vinh), do day cung la mot rao can kha tap ndi, giao tilp tieng me de tiong gia Idn cua cong ddng ngfldi Khmer noi chung, dinh, cong ddng, tac ddng nhan thflc sau sac phu nfl Khmer ndi rieng tham gia hpc tap din thi he tre dan tpc minh vl van dl tten tieng me de hay tham chi sinh hoat ton giao Day manh cong tac tuyen truyln tap tai chua Cd nen chang tai dia phfldng nen cd mot Idp hpc rieng giflp phu nfl Khmer vfla huan, hdi thao, bao chi, truyen hinh va cac an tam tham gia cham lo ddi sdng gia dinh hoat dong khac vl vin dl chinh sach dan vfla CO the' tham gia hpc tap va khuyin khich tpc, bao tdn va phat huy gia tti van hoa dan chau tham gia hpc tap tilng me de tai tpc; binh dang gidi ttong cong ddng ngfldi Khmer TAP c m KHOA HOC TRUONG DAI HOC T R A VINH SO 33 THANG 03 N AM 2019 Tien hanh sd k i t danh gia kit qua ttien khai theo dinh ki, td chiic kiem tta giam sat thflc hien cac k l hoach chiln Ifldc, chfldng ttinh chinh sach, nghi quylt, nghi dinh cua Chinh phu ve cac v i n d l tten Tong kit thflc tiln de dieu chinh, bd sung va c6 bien phap tdt hdn nham thflc hien c6 hieu qua cac muc tieu bao tdn va phat huy tilng me de cua ngfldi Khmer, dac biet la chfl ttpng den nang cao vai tto cua phu nfl Khmer ttong tham gia bao tdn va phat huy tieng me de dan tdc minh Nguyen Thi Hue Tinh hinh sit dung ngSn ngfl cua ngUcii Khmer tai Tra Vinh Tap chi Khoa hoc TrUdng Dai hoc Trd Vinh 2008;9:56-65 Nguyen Thi Hue Tom tit luan an tien sT Tiep xiic ngon ngS gifla tieng Khmer vdi ti^ng Viet (trUdng hdp tinh Tra Vinh) Tap chi Khoa hoc Xd hoi va Nhdn vdn 201 l;p 34-42 Hoang Quoc Tinh hinh sii dung ngon ngii giao tiep cua cac dSn toe thieu s6 tai d6ng bang song Cu!u Long Tap chi Ngon ngS vd Ddi sSng 2015;i(231):60-^8 * Nguyen C6ng Diic, Dinh Ltf Giang Vai gdi y ve chinh sach ngon ngii! d cong dong Khmer Nam Bo Tap chi Ngdn nga vd Ddi song 2011;7(189):7-12 , Phong Dan toe, UBND Tra Vinh Tong kit chinh sach ddn toe tren dia bdn Thanh phS Trd Vinh giai doan 2011 - 2015; 2015, T\i€ Van Day tieng Khmer cho hpc sinh dan tpc Khmer, 2015 Truy cSp tfl: http7/baochinhphu.vn/Chinh-sach-moi/Day-tiengKhmer-cho-hoc-sinh-dan-toc-Khmer/l 99408 vgp [Ngay truy cap: 25/9/2018], Ho Xuan Mai Nang lUc song ngfl cua hoc sinh Khmer (Khao sat d tinh Sdc Trang va Tra Vinh) Tap chi Khoa hpc Xd hpi TP HCM 2013;2(174):59-66 Thach Thi Dan Si/ cdn thiet cua til dien song ngS Viet - Khmer, Khmer - Viet Tap chi Khoa hpc TrUdng Dai hpc Trd Vinh 2017;25:35-39 V KET LUAN Nghien cflu vai tio cua phu nfl Khmer ttong bao tdn va phat huy tilng me de thong qua trfldng hdp phd Tra Vinh, chung toi nhan thiy: ttong xu hudng giao lUu va hoi nhap hien nay, cang cang it ngfldi Khmer sfl dung tilng me de ttong giao tilp, sinh hoat hang Vi vay, ngUdi phu nfl Khmer cd vi tti quan ttpng ttong viec ti^yln day tieng me de ttong cong ddng ngUbi Khmer Cho den nay, phu nfl Khmer van la ngUdi tham gia tnic tiep sinh hoat gia dinh, cd tac dong va anh hUdng nhilu den viec lUa chpn ngon ngfl ttong giao tiep, ttong sinh hoat eua con, chau va tham gia kha nhieu vi tii quan ttpng tiong cac hoat dong xa hoi va cong ddng Viec truyen day tieng me de cua ngfldi phu nfl Khmer Nam Bp dfldc thflc hien qua nhilu hinh thflc khac nhU hat ru, ke chuyen, tap noi cho chau, day chau hpc, hay qua cac nghi ll dan tdc Viec truyen day tilng me de cua ngUdi phu nfl Khmer Nam Bp gdp phin quan trpng ttong cong tac bao tdn va phat huy cac gia tri van hoa cua dan tpc TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [1] Hoang Ba Thinh Gido trinh Xd hoi hpc vi gidi Ha Noi: Nha Xuat ban Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi; 2014 [2] Tran Thi Xuan Lan Phu nfi nong thon phat trien kinh le c6ng dong Tap chi Xd hoi hoc 2013;3{123):44-50 Dtfdng Thi Minh Gia dinh Viet Nam va vai tro ngilcJi phu nff hien [Luan an Tien si] Hpc vien Chinh tri Quoc gia TP HCM, 2003 H Xuan Mai V^ net ve tieng Khmer Nam Bo (trUclng hdp tinh Soc Trang va Tra Vinh) Tap chi Khoa hoc'xa hoi TP HCM 20I2;12(172):43-54 [3] [4] VAN HOA-GIAO DlJC-NLiHt 11 36 ... SO GL^I PHAP N A N G CAO VAI TRO PHU N O KHMER TRONG BAO TON VA PHAT HUY TIENG ME DE TAI THANH PHO TRA VINH A Qua hdt ru, ke chuyen Van hpc va am nhac dan gian Khmer c6 vai tid rat quan ttpng ttong... chi tieng Khmer rat can cho cac gia dinh Khmer Vi vay, chflng ta cin xay dUng ndi dung phong phu hdn thu hut gidi tre Khmer Phu nfl Khmer cin nang cao tiinh dp tieng Khmer dpc viet tieng Khmer de... Tra Vinh; phan tich vai tro, U-ach nhiem cua ngfldi phu nfl Khmer tren dia ban Thanh phd Tra Vinh viec bao ton va phat huy tieng me de Tfl do, chflng tdi d l xuat cac giai phap nang cao vai trd